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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases
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Ultra-long acting pill releases daily doses of medicine for a month
Imagine swallowing a pill today that continues releasing the daily dose of a medicine you need for the next week, month or even longer. Investigators have developed a long-acting drug delivery capsule that may help to do just that in the future. To test the capsule ' s real-world applications, the team used both mathematical modeling and animal models to investigate the effects of delivering a sustained therapeutic dose of a drug called ivermectin, which is used to treat parasitic infections.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 16, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news
System with embedded drug release and nanoparticle degradation sensor showing efficient rifampicin delivery into macrophages
Publication date: January 2017 Source:Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Volume 13, Issue 1 Author(s): Jiří Trousil, Sergey K. Filippov, Martin Hrubý, Tomáš Mazel, Zdeňka Syrová, Dušan Cmarko, Silvie Svidenská, Jana Matějková, Lubomír Kováčik, Bedřich Porsch, Rafał Konefał, Reidar Lund, Bo Nyström, Ivan Raška, Petr Štěpánek We have developed a biodegradable, biocompatible system for the delivery of the antituberculotic antibiotic rifampicin with a built-in drug release and nanoparticle degradation fluorescence sensor. Polymer nanoparticles based on poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl eth...
Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine - November 23, 2016 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Antiparasitic and disease-modifying activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. in malaria: An exploratory clinical study
Conclusions At the given dosage, N. arbor-tristis showed disease-modifying activity; early clinical recovery with a decline of TNF-α and a gradual parasite clearance. Further studies with a standardised formulation for dose-searching and optimizing the treatment schedule are needed in a larger sample size. Clinical trial registration no The process of trial registration had not begun when the study was conducted in 2000.
Source: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine - November 30, 2016 Category: Complementary Medicine Source Type: research
Drug resistant pathogens and travel: No road map but a new initiative from Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi develop resistance against medication that previously was effective in killing the microorganism. AMR is a global problem. It presents an enormous challenge to society and the outlook is apocalyptic. AMR appears to be everywhere, in the human world of hospitals, communities and individuals, in the animal world of antibiotic supplemented feedstuffs and in crops, soil and water. In a recent UN communiqu é, Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO), called for action and urged for commitments to curb AMR that ...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - November 29, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Patricia Schlagenhauf, Philippe Gautret, Alfonso J. Rodrguez-Morales, Michael E. Jones, Stephen Toovey, Eskild Petersen, Lin H. Chen Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Natural occurrence of Diplostomum spp. in farm-raised African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Oyo state, Nigeria
In conclusion, Diplostomum species are present in farm raised African catfish in Oyo state-Nigeria with a positive relationship between the eye diameter and occurrence of the parasites.
Source: International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine - December 10, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases
We describe direct and indirect processes linking climate change and infectious diseases in livestock with reference to specific case studies. Some of the studies are used to show a positive association between temperature and expansion of the geographical ranges of arthropod vectors (e.g. Culicoides imicola, which transmits bluetongue virus) while others suggest an opposite trend (e.g. tsetse flies that transmit a range of trypanosome parasites in sub-Saharan Africa). We further describe a positive association between extreme events: droughts and El Niño/southern oscillation (ENSO) weather patterns and Rift Valley fever ...
Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine - December 13, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Antileishmanial activities of caffeic acid phenethyl ester loaded PLGA nanoparticles against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro
Conclusions The obtained results show that (CAPE)PLGA NPs have a great potential to be especially used in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis; however, in vivo antileishmanial screening of these molecules should be performed in the near future.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - December 27, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research
Treatment strategies for sheep scab: an economic model of farmer behaviour
Publication date: Available online 29 December 2016 Source:Preventive Veterinary Medicine Author(s): Emily J. Nixon, Hannah Rose Vineer, Richard Wall Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is a debilitating and damaging condition caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the faecal material of the parasitic mite Psoroptes ovis. Farmers incur costs from the use of prophylactic acaricides and, if their sheep become infected, they incur the costs of therapeutic treatment plus the economic loss from reduced stock growth, lower reproductive rate, wool loss and hide damage. The unwillingness of farmers to use routine prophylactic tr...
Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine - December 28, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Nigeria: New Malaria Vaccine Shows Efficacy, Safety in Humans
[Guardian] A next-generation vaccine that uses a weakened form of a malaria parasite has shown efficacy and safety in a small number of humans, according to a new study published in Science Translational Medicine.
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - January 9, 2017 Category: African Health Source Type: news
Persistent infection keeps immune memory sharp, leading to long-term protection
(Washington University School of Medicine) For many infectious diseases, a single bout of the illness protects a person against contracting it again. Sometimes, the infecting microbe persists in the body long after symptoms resolve. Now, researchers studying the tropical parasite Leishmania have found a clue to explain the link between long-term immunity and long-term infection: The parasite is constantly multiplying and being killed by immune cells, keeping the immune system alert and prepared for any new encounters with the parasite.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 16, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-Borne Outbreaks in 2015
European Union, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 12/16/2016 This 231-page document presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2015 in 32 European countries (28 Member States [MS] and four non-MS). A total of 4,362 food-borne outbreaks, including water-borne outbreaks, were reported. Bacteria were the most commonly detected causative agents, followed by bacterial toxins, viruses, other causative agents, and parasites. The report summarizes trends and sources for tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burneti...
Source: Disaster Lit: Resource Guide for Disaster Medicine and Public Health - January 17, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Authors: The U.S. National Library of Medicine Source Type: news
End-season daily weight gains as rationale for targeted selective treatment against gastrointestinal nematodes in highly exposed first-grazing season cattle
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2017 Source:Preventive Veterinary Medicine Author(s): Aurélie Merlin, Alain Chauvin, Anne Lehebel, Nadine Brisseau, Sébastien Froger, Nathalie Bareille, Christophe Chartier A two-year study was carried out to assess the feasibility of a targeted selective treatment to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in 24 groups of first grazing season (FGS) cattle. A two-step procedure aiming at defining exposure risk at group level and at identifying the most infected individuals within groups through measurement of the average daily weight gain (ADWG) at housing was used. The fir...
Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine - January 20, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Phylogenetic analysis reveals cryptic species diversity within minute intestinal fluke, Stellantchasmus falcatus Onji and Nishio, 1916 (Trematoda, Heterophyidae)
Conclusions Our results provide initial evidence that S. falcatus s.l. from different hosts tend to be a different species based on both molecular and morphological characters. Cryptic species complexes are generally found among parasites that tend to have large populations and/or rapid evolution. The degree of genetic diversity existing would suggest the practice of targeted regimes to design and minimize these lections of anthelmintic resistance in the future.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine - January 21, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research
Pre-travel malaria chemoprophylaxis counselling in a public travel medicine clinic in S ão Paulo, Brazil
Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world and represents a threat to travellers visiting endemic areas. Chemoprophylaxis is the prevention measure used in travel medicine, avoiding c...
Source: Malaria Journal - February 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: T ânia do Socorro Souza Chaves, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Jessé Reis Alves, Marcus Lacerda and Marta Heloisa Lopes Source Type: research
Interactions of iron with manganese, zinc, chromium, and selenium as related to prophylaxis and treatment of iron deficiency
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2017 Source:Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology Author(s): Geir Bjørklund, Jan Aaseth, Anatoly V. Skalny, Joanna Suliburska, Margarita G. Skalnaya, Alexandr A. Nikonorov, Alexey A. Tinkov Iron (Fe) deficiency is considered as the most common nutritional deficiency. Iron deficiency is usually associated with low Fe intake, blood loss, diseases, poor absorption, gastrointestinal parasites, or increased physiological demands as in pregnancy. Nutritional Fe deficiency is usually treated with Fe tablets, sometimes with Fe-containing multimineral tablets. Trace eleme...
Source: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology - February 12, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
