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Infectious Disease: Outbreaks

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Impact of major disease outbreaks in the third millennium on adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health and rights in low and/or middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review protocol
Introduction Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of young people continue to present a high burden and remain underinvested. This is more so in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where empirical evidence reveals disruption of SRHR maintenance, need for enhancement of programmes, resources and services during pandemics. Despite the importance of the subject, there is no published review yet combining recent disease outbreaks such as (H1N1/09, Zika, Ebola and SARS-COV-2) to assess their impact on adolescents and youth SRHR in LMICs. Methods and analysis We will adopt a four-step search to reach the maximu...
Source: BMJ Open - March 11, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Akbarialiabad, H., Shidhaye, R., Shidhaye, P., Cuijpers, P., Weaver, M. R., Bahrololoom, M., Kiburi, S., Njuguna, I. N., Taghrir, M. H., Kumar, M. Tags: Open access, Sexual health Source Type: research

Reassessing Google Flu Trends Data for Detection of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Epidemiological Study at Three Geographic Scales
by Donald R. Olson, Kevin J. Konty, Marc Paladini, Cecile Viboud, Lone Simonsen The goal of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance is to determine the timing, location and magnitude of outbreaks by monitoring the frequency and progression of clinical case incidence. Advances in computational and information technology have allowed for automated collection of higher volumes of electronic data and more timely analyses than previously possible. Novel surveillance systems, including those based on internet search query data like Google Flu Trends (GFT), are being used as surrogates for clinically-based reporting of influen...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 17, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Donald R. Olson et al. Source Type: research

Google's Big Data Flu Flop
This article in Science finds that the real-world predictive power has been pretty unimpressive. And the reasons behind this failure are not hard to understand, nor were they hard to predict. Anyone who's ever worked with clinical trial data will see this one coming: The initial version of GFT was a particularly problematic marriage of big and small data. Essentially, the methodology was to find the best matches among 50 million search terms to fit 1152 data points. The odds of finding search terms that match the propensity of the flu but are structurally unrelated, and so do not predict the future, were quite high. GFT d...
Source: In the Pipeline - March 24, 2014 Category: Chemists Tags: Clinical Trials Source Type: blogs

Avian botulism, or feeding the ducks
On a recent visit to Hillsborough Park to feed the geese, ducks and coots, we spotted some peas on the ground by the side of the lake.   We were surprised that birds ate such things, but the Canal and River Trust are recommending that people do indeed feed water birds frozen peas, or lettuce, or grain.  This story was picked up extensively in the UK media yesterday and today.But not bread.  The video in this piece from the Daily Telegraph has figures for the amount of bread that is fed to water birds.   A lot of it is not eaten by the birds, but ends up as a culture medium for microorganisms, ...
Source: Browsing - March 17, 2015 Category: Databases & Libraries Tags: birds botulism Source Type: blogs

Big Data and the Social Good: The Value for Healthcare Organizations
The following is a guest blog post by Mike Serrano from NETSCOUT. It’s a well-known fact that Facebook, Google, and our phone companies collect a lot of information about each of us. This has been the case for a long time, and more often than not it’s to improve the user experience of the services we rely on. If data is shared outside the organization, it’s anonymized to prevent the usage of any one individual from being identified. But it’s understandable while this practice has still sparked a passionate and longstanding debate about privacy and ‘big brother’-style snooping. What is often forgotten, however,...
Source: EMR and HIPAA - May 22, 2017 Category: Information Technology Authors: Guest Blogger Tags: Healthcare HealthCare IT Population Health Management Mike Serrano NETSCOUT Public Health Subscriber Information Source Type: blogs

Review of Epidemiological Studies of Drinking-Water Turbidity in Relation to Acute Gastrointestinal Illness
Conclusions: The observed associations suggest a detectable incidence of waterborne AGI from drinking water in the systems and time periods studied. However, some discrepant results indicate that the association may be context specific. Combining turbidity with seasonal and climatic factors, additional water quality measures, and treatment data may enhance predictive modeling in future studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1090 Received: 12 September 2016 Revised: 24 February 2017 Accepted: 27 February 2017 Published: 17 August 2017 Address correspondence to A.J. De Roos, Nesbitt Hall, Room 658, 3215 Market St., Philad...
Source: EHP Research - August 18, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Review Source Type: research

Drought in the Semiarid Region of Brazil: Exposure, Vulnerabilities and Health Impacts from the Perspectives of Local Actors
Conclusion The results obtained from this research shows, in general, the fragility in the social and political infrastructure necessary to improve the living conditions of populations, particularly those that depend on family agriculture in drought prone areas. The conditions of social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities presented in the region can be amplified by the drought process, and can aggravate the impacts resulting drought events, thus disadvantaging the population of this region, as shown in the Fig. 1. The general perception of the interviewees of the health sector shows an agreement with what is found...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - October 29, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Aderita Sena Source Type: research

A Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Determining Yersinia pestis Susceptibility to Doxycycline by RT-PCR Quantification of RNA Markers
This study was supported by the Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Vered Caspi (Ben-Gurion University) for assisting with the bioinformatics and statistical analyses of the Agilent DNA microarray results. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00754/full#s...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Neutrophils Induce a Novel Chemokine Receptors Repertoire During Influenza Pneumonia
In conclusion, this study indicates an induction of CRs occurs upon neutrophil extravasation and activation into the pulmonary environment in a murine model of influenza pneumonia. These induced CRs could serve as potential therapeutic targets for alleviating neutrophil-induced lung pathology. Among all CRs, CXCR2 is most highly induced, and represents a promising target for therapy to reduce neutrophil recruitment to the area of inflammation. The functional properties of these individual chemokine receptors warrant further investigation to further understand how these induced CRs impact deleterious or beneficial effects o...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Factors influencing perceptions of private water quality in North America: a systematic review
ConclusionsUnderstanding the factors that shape perceptions of water quality among private water users is an important step in developing private water management policies to increase compliance towards water testing and treatment in Canada and the USA. As many jurisdictions in Canada and the USA do not have mandatory private water testing or treatment guidelines, delineating these factors is an important step in informing future research and guiding policy on the public health of private water systems.
Source: Systematic Reviews - May 9, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Giardiasis : An overview.
CONCLUSION: Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are the drugs of choice. Resistance to common antigiardial drugs has increased in recent years. As such, the search for new molecular targets for antigiardial drugs is urgently needed. In general, treatment of asymptomatic carriers is not recommended. Purification of water supply is an important preventive measure. PMID: 31210116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Recent Patents on Inflammation and Allergy Drug Discovery - June 20, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov Source Type: research

The Popularity of the Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods in The Coronavirus Pandemic Among The Google Users in the USA, UK, Germany, Italy and France.
CONCLUSION: Google Trends can be a beneficial tool for following public interest in identifying outbreak-related misinformation, and scientific studies and statements from authorities and the media play a potential role in driving internet searches. PMID: 33601014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Complementary Therapies in Medicine - February 15, 2021 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Günalan E, Cebioğlu İK, Çonak Ö Tags: Complement Ther Med Source Type: research

Neurological associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A Systematic Review
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021 Feb 16. doi: 10.2174/1871527320666210216121211. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled us to scrutinize major outbreaks in the past two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), in 2012. We aimed to assess the associated neurological manifestations with SARS CoV-2 infection.METHODS: In this systematic review, a search was carried out by key-electronic databases, controlled vocabulary, and indexing of trials to evaluate the available pertinent studies which included both ...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - February 17, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Amaan Javed Source Type: research

Theatre ventilation
We present an overview of operating theatre ventilation systems and the respective evidence with relation to surgical site infection (SSI) and airborne pathogen transmission in light of COVID-19.METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases. Search terms included "COVID-19", "theatre ventilation", "laminar", "turbulent" and "negative pressure".FINDINGS: Evidence for laminar flow ventilation in reducing the rate of SSI in orthopaedic surgery is widely documented. There is little evidence to support its use in general surgery. Following previous viral outbreaks, some cent...
Source: Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England - March 1, 2021 Category: Surgery Authors: C Theodorou G S Simpson C J Walsh Source Type: research