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Total 5166 results found since Jan 2013.

Is Genetic Variability in Carboxylesterase-1 and Carboxylesterase-2 Drug Metabolism an Important Component of Personalized Medicine?
Abstract The carboxylesterase drug hydrolysis pathway has been used extensively to improve the oral availability of drugs under the assumption that the high capacity and low substrate specificity of hydrolytic enzymes would ensure rapid, complete, and consistent conversion of prodrugs to their active metabolite. However, a growing body of literature indicates that drug hydrolysis is usually catalyzed by one primary enzyme, either carboxylesterase-1 or carboxlylesterase-2, and that there is wide variability in enzyme activity affecting the metabolism of prodrugs to their active metabolites. This review identifies c...
Source: Xenobiotica - October 10, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Laizure SC, Parker RB Tags: Xenobiotica Source Type: research

Update on molecular companion diagnostics - a future in personalized medicine beyond Sanger sequencing.
Authors: Campbell MR Abstract Introduction: The merging of molecular diagnostics with personalized medicine has led to a surge in development of molecular-based companion diagnostics. Companion diagnostics, defined as "a medical device, often an in vitro device, which provides information that is essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding drug or biological product", are key to the appropriate utilization of several pharmacotherapies; primarily in the area of oncology. Areas Covered: While most molecular companion diagnostics are targeted towards oncology, the potential to multiplex assays will con...
Source: Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics - March 15, 2020 Category: Laboratory Medicine Tags: Expert Rev Mol Diagn Source Type: research

AstraZeneca, J & amp;J Resume U.S. COVID - 19 Vaccine Trials
U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the restart after reviewing all safety data
Source: Pulmonary Medicine News - Doctors Lounge - October 27, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Family Medicine, Gynecology, Infections, Internal Medicine, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Pulmonology, Institutional, Source Type: news

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 3532: Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Oncology: Towards the Establishment of Precision Medicine
toshi Takahashi Ken Asada Masaaki Komatsu Jun Sese Syuzo Kaneko In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have led to the rapid clinical implementation of devices with AI technology in the medical field. More than 60 AI-equipped medical devices have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and the active introduction of AI technology is considered to be an inevitable trend in the future of medicine. In the field of oncology, clinical applications of medical devices using AI technology are already underway, mainly in radiology, and AI techno...
Source: Cancers - November 26, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ryuji Hamamoto Kruthi Suvarna Masayoshi Yamada Kazuma Kobayashi Norio Shinkai Mototaka Miyake Masamichi Takahashi Shunichi Jinnai Ryo Shimoyama Akira Sakai Ken Takasawa Amina Bolatkan Kanto Shozu Ai Dozen Hidenori Machino Satoshi Takahashi Ken Asada Masaa Tags: Review Source Type: research

Update: Caring for COVID-19 Patients in the Hospital
Severe cases of COVID-19 infections continue to necessitate hospitalization more than two and a half years after the pandemic first hit. A total of 26,996 patients were hospitalized with COVID-19 in the U.S. as of Nov. 30, 2022, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s COVID-19 Tracker,1 with a seven-day average of new deaths at 317 as of Nov. 16, 2022. This is down 5.3% from the previous seven-day average. But in contrast to the panic, emergency response, and mobilization for the pandemic’s early stages and steepest surges, managing COVID-19 in the hospital today has become relatively straightforw...
Source: The Hospitalist - January 3, 2023 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Ronda Whitaker Tags: Clinical Guidelines COVID-19 Drug Therapy Hospital Medicine Source Type: research

Discovery and Validation of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Combination Antirheumatoid Arthritis Drugs Based on Machine Learning (Random Forest Model)
In this study, we developed a combination drug training set by using 16 characteristic variables based on the characteristics of small molecules of TCM ingredients and Food and Drug Administration-certified combination drug data downloaded from the DrugCombDB database. Furthermore, we compared the prediction and classification abilities of five models: the k-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, and AdaBoost algorithms. The random forest model was selected as the classification and prediction model for Western and TCM and Western combination drugs. We collected data for 41 small molecules o...
Source: Biomed Res - February 27, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Jijia Sun Qinghua Ni Fengyan Jiang Baocheng Liu Jianying Wang Lei Zhang Jihan Huang Source Type: research

Why Some Scientists Believe the Future of Medicine Lies in Creating Digital Twins
Within the walls of a 19th-century chapel on the outskirts of Barcelona, a heart starts to slowly contract. This is not a real heart but a virtual copy of one that still pounds inside a patient’s chest. With its 100 million patches of simulated cells, the digital twin—a fully functional simulation of human anatomy— pumps at a leisurely pace as it tests treatments, from drugs to implants. This digital twin pulses within MareNostrum, a supercomputer used by scientists to simulate features of the real world. These simulations can look just like the real thing, but they are vastly more sophisticated than Holl...
Source: TIME: Health - April 5, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Peter Coveney and Roger Highfield Tags: Uncategorized freelance health Source Type: news

Therapeutic Review: S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe)
S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) is a nutraceutical compound used in human and veterinary medicine to treat various disease conditions, including osteoarthritis, cognitive dysfunction, and, most commonly, liver disease. The term nutraceutical in veterinary medicine is ambiguous and generally refers to a substance that has both nutritional and pharmaceutical properties that provide some medical benefit. Nutraceuticals are defined by the American Veterinary Medical Association as “micronutrients, macronutrients, and other nutritional supplements used as therapeutic agents” and are marketed without Food and Drug Administration regulation.
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - April 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: James G. Johnson Tags: Therapeutic Review Source Type: research

Therapeutic Review: Colchicine
The alkaloid colchicine (N-[(7S)-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]acetamide) is an extract from the bulbotuber of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). This plant-derived anti-inflammatory compound has been used in human medicine for the nonspecific treatment of arthritis for nearly 4000 years. Currently, colchicine is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for veterinary use. Despite possessing a narrow therapeutic index, with toxicities occurring at relatively low overdoses, colchicine is still readily used in veterinary medicine to treat a wide variety of disease processes.
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jon Romano Tags: Therapeutic Review Source Type: research

FDA Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine Michael R. Taylor's Statement on the Institute of Medicine Report on Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements
The FDA thanks the Institute of Medicine (IOM) for convening the Aug. 5-6, 2013, public workshop on caffeine in food and dietary supplements. The FDA requested the workshop because we know how important it is to get the science right. The summary report that IOM issued today will be extremely informative as we continue our investigation of the safety of caffeine, particularly its effects on children and adolescents.
Source: Food and Drug Administration - January 17, 2014 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Expanding Public-Private Collaborations to Enhance Cancer Drug Development: A Report of the Institute of Medicine's Workshop Series, "Implementing a National Cancer Clinical Trials System for the 21st Century"
This report identified a need to reinvigorate the cooperative groups and provided recommendations for improving their effectiveness. Follow-up workshops to monitor progress were conducted by the IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in 2011 and 2013. One of the key recommendations of the IOM report was a call for greater collaboration among stakeholders in cancer research. In particular, more active engagement and better alignment of incentives among the cooperative groups, the National Cancer Institute, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the biopharmaceutical indus...
Source: The Oncologist - October 17, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bertagnolli MM, Canetta R, Nass SJ Tags: Oncologist Source Type: research

Advancing Regulatory Science to Bring Novel Medical Devices for Use in Emergency Care to Market: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration
This article describes the types of scientific research the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health performs and highlights specific projects related to medical devices for emergency medicine. In addition, this article discusses how results from regulatory science are used by the FDA to support the regulatory process as well as how the results are communicated to the public. Regulatory science supports the FDA's mission to assure safe, effective, and high-quality medical products are available to patients.
Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine - March 21, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Medical management of patients on clozapine: A guide for internists
Clozapine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1989 for the management of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, and has since proven to reduce symptom burden and suicide risk, increase quality of life, and reduce substance use in individuals with psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, clozapine's psychiatric benefits have been matched by its adverse effect profile. Because they are likely to encounter medical complications of clozapine during admissions or consultations for other services, hospitalists are compelled to maintain an appreciation for these iatrogenic conditions. The authors outline common (eg, co...
Source: Journal of Hospital Medicine - March 1, 2015 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Wynne Lundblad, Pierre N. Azzam, Priya Gopalan, Clinton A. Ross, PharmD Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Medical devices; physical medicine devices; classification of the powered lower extremity exoskeleton; republication. Final order; republication.
Abstract The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) is republishing in its entirety a final order entitled ``Medical Devices; Physical Medicine Devices; Classification of the Powered Lower Extremity Exoskeleton'' that published in the Federal Register on February 24, 2015. FDA is republishing to correct an inadvertent omission of information. FDA is classifying the powered lower extremity exoskeleton into class II (special controls). The special controls that will apply to the device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the powered lower extremity exoskeleton's class...
Source: Fed Regist - May 4, 2015 Category: American Health Authors: Food and Drug Administration, HHS Tags: Fed Regist Source Type: research