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The Truth About Sports Drinks
I’ve successfully treated thousands of patents over the years using a very simple philosophy – your body knows what’s best for it. That’s why whenever I finish one of my intense exercise workouts, nothing tastes better than pure, cold water – preferably at two degrees above freezing. No flavors… No fizz…  No colors… No additives… Just good ol’ fresh water. I don’t drink sports beverages like Gatorade and Powerade. And I don’t recommend them to the patients at my wellness clinic, either – even after strenuous game of tennis in the hot sun or long, hard round...
Source: Al Sears, MD Natural Remedies - May 20, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Dr. Al Sears Tags: Nutrition chemical dyes hydration protein sports drinks sugar water Source Type: news

Vitamin D: Recent Advances and Implications for Athletes
Abstract Athletes may be predisposed to low vitamin D concentrations, with studies reporting a high prevalence of athletes with a vitamin D concentration below 50 nmol/L across a range of sports and geographical locations, particularly over the winter months. It is well documented that vitamin D is important for osseous health by enhancing calcium absorption at the small intestine; however, emerging research suggests that vitamin D may also benefit a plethora of extra-skeletal target tissues and systems. There is strong evidence that vitamin D is capable of regulating both innate and adaptive immune processes vi...
Source: Sports Medicine - January 24, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Eccentric Exercise Leads to Glial Activation but not Apoptosis in Mice Spinal Cords
Int J Sports MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395589The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of 3 overtraining (OT) protocols on the glial activation and apoptosis in the spinal cords of mice. Rodents were divided into control (C; sedentary mice), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). The incremental load test, ambulation test, exhaustive test and functional behavioural assessment were used as performance evaluation parameters. 36 h after the exhaustive test, the dorsal and ventral parts of the lumbar spinal cord (L...
Source: International Journal of Sports Medicine - February 9, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Pereira, B. C.Lucas, G.da Rocha, A. L.Pauli, J. R.Ropelle, E. R.Cintra, D.de Souza, C. T.Bueno, C. R.da Silva, A. S. Tags: Training & Testing Source Type: research

Vitamin D Profile in National Football League Players
Conclusion: Black professional football players have a higher rate of vitamin D deficiency than do white players. Furthermore, professional football players with higher vitamin D levels were more likely to obtain a contract position in the National Football League. Professional football players deficient in vitamin D levels may be at greater risk of bone fractures.
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - April 30, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Maroon, J. C., Mathyssek, C. M., Bost, J. W., Amos, A., Winkelman, R., Yates, A. P., Duca, M. A., Norwig, J. A. Tags: Injury prevention, Athletic training, General sports trauma, Football (American) Epidemiology and Injury Prevention Source Type: research

Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity During High-Intensity Exercise
Abstract Intramuscular acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Many nutritional strategies aiming to increase intra- and extracellular buffering capacity have been investigated. Among these, supplementation of beta-alanine (~3–6.4 g/day for 4 weeks or longer), the rate-limiting factor to the intramuscular synthesis of carnosine (i.e. an intracellular buffer), has been shown to result in positive effects on exercise performance in which acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue. Furthermore, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and sodium/calcium lactate supplementation hav...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 9, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Hypertensive Medications in Competitive Athletes
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in athletes. It is an important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality, even in a fit, athletic population. Management options to reduce these long-term risks exist that have minimal impact on athletic performance. Identification and management of underlying lifestyle factors and diseases that may lead to secondary hypertension is critical. These include substance abuse, medications, and underlying medical conditions. After evaluation and management of these issues, medications can be used to reduce blood pressure. In the athletic population, first-line medication ...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - January 1, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: General Medical Conditions: Section Articles Source Type: research

Evidence of a cumulative effect for risk factors predicting low bone mass among male adolescent athletes
Conclusions Male adolescent runners exhibited lower body weight, BMI and spine BMD Z-score values. The risk of low BMD displayed a graded relationship with increasing risk factors, highlighting the importance of using methods to optimise bone mass in this population.
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - January 17, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Barrack, M. T., Fredericson, M., Tenforde, A. S., Nattiv, A. Tags: Original article Source Type: research

{beta}-alanine efficacy for sports performance improvement: from science to practice
β-alanine is a popular supplement among athletes with 61% of competitive team sport players recently surveyed reporting β-alanine use.1 Despite its popularity, there is limited evidence on the most effective supplementation strategy and the systematic review and meta-analysis published by Sauders B et al2 has shed some light on this issue. Athletes' understanding of β-alanine potential benefits and appropriate daily dose and duration of consumption is low,1 potentially compromising the impact of β-alanine supplementation in a real world setting. This editorial aims to highlight issues regarding the effi...
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - March 28, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Nassis, G. P., Sporer, B., Stathis, C. G. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Concussions in Ice Hockey — Moving Toward Objective Diagnoses and Point-of-care Treatment: A Review
The incidence of sport-related concussion coupled with a doubling of the participation rate in youth hockey over the past two decades provides impetus for the review of the most promising concussion treatment options. This narrative review summarizes the future treatment options for sport-related concussions in ice hockey, while acknowledging their generalizability to concussion in all sports. Symptom assessment, sign observation, as well as cognitive and balance testing, have historically been used to diagnose a concussion. These methods continue to improve, but the need for effective treatments is clear. Pharmacologic, t...
Source: Current Sports Medicine Reports - September 1, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Extremity and Joint Conditions/Special Communications Source Type: research

Digoxin Combined with Aerobic Interval Training Improved Cardiomyocyte Contractility
Int J Sports Med DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-2583Digoxin is a cardiotonic that increases the cardiac output without causing deleterious effects on heart, as well as improves the left ventricular performance during physical exercise. We tested whether the association between chronic digoxin administration and aerobic interval training (AIT) promotes beneficial cardiovascular adaptations by improving the myocardial contractility and calcium (Ca2+) handling. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary control (C), interval training (T), sedentary digoxin (DIGO) and T associated to digoxin (TDIGO). AIT was performed on a trea...
Source: International Journal of Sports Medicine - December 15, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Abreu, Gabriel Vasconcelos Claudio, Erick Roberto Gon çalves Aguiar, Andreo Fernando Giordani, Morenna Alana de Queiroz, Eveline Aparecida Isquierdo Fonseca Lima-Leopoldo, Ana Paula Leopoldo, Andr é Soares Sugizaki, M ário Mateus Tags: Physiology & Biochemistry Source Type: research

S100A1 is Involved in Myocardial Injury Induced by Exhaustive Exercise
Int J Sports Med DOI: 10.1055/a-1642-8352Many studies have confirmed that exhaustive exercise has adverse effects on the heart by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). S100A1 calcium-binding protein A1 (S100A1) is a regulator of myocardial contractility and a protector against myocardial injury. However, few studies have investigated the role of S100A1 in the regulation of myocardial injury induced by exhaustive exercise. In the present study, we suggested that exhaustive exercise led to increased ROS, downregulation of S100a1, and myocardial injury. Downregulation of S100a1 promoted ...
Source: International Journal of Sports Medicine - October 23, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Yang, Miaomiao Xiao, Zhigang Chen, Zhaoli Ru, Yongxin Wang, Jun Jiang, Jianhua Wang, Xinxing Wang, Tianhui Tags: Genetics and Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Associations of long-term physical activity trajectories with coronary artery calcium progression and cardiovascular disease events: results from the CARDIA study
CONCLUSION: Long-term PA about three times the guidelines or more is independently associated with CAC progression; however, no additional risk of incident CVD events could be detected.PMID:35288374 | DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105092
Source: British Journal of Sports Medicine - March 15, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Jing-Wei Gao Qing-Yun Hao Liu-Yi Lu Jia-Jin Han Fei-Fei Huang Dominique A Vuitton Jing-Feng Wang Shao-Ling Zhang Pin-Ming Liu Source Type: research

Severe deficiency of vitamin D has no negative effect on physical performance during military training
CONCLUSIONS: Severe vitamin D deficiency during the winter season is common but has no negative effect on physical performance in young, physically active men in military service.PMID:36205086 | DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.22.14123-X
Source: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness - October 7, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Leho Rips Alar Toom Rein Kuik Ahti Varblane Hanno M ölder Mart Kull J üri-Toomas Kartus Helena Gapeyeva Madis Rahu Source Type: research