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Vaccination: AIDS Vaccine

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Successful Vaccines.
Authors: Amanna IJ, Slifka MK Abstract Vaccines are considered one of the most important advances in modern medicine and have greatly improved our quality of life by reducing or eliminating many serious infectious diseases. Successful vaccines have been developed against many of the most common human pathogens, and this success has not been dependent upon any one specific class of vaccine since subunit vaccines, non-replicating whole-virus or whole-bacteria vaccines, and attenuated live vaccines have all been effective for particular vaccine targets. After completing the initial immunization series, one common aspe...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - July 28, 2018 Category: Microbiology Tags: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol Source Type: research

One Major Reason the AIDS Epidemic Isn ’t Going Away
It ' s a serious threat to progress in HIV treatment and prevention —and something we have the knowledge to stop, especially in health care settings.August 08, 2018It ' s a serious threat to public health and progress in HIV treatment and prevention —and something we have the knowledge to stop.A few years ago Dany Stolbunov, now 20, told his doctor in Ukraine that he wanted to go to medical school. He was sharing his ambitions with someone he admired and trusted, who he thought might believe in him, the person responsible for his care.“I told him I wanted to become a physician, too.”“You can’t be a doctor,” h...
Source: IntraHealth International - August 8, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: lfreeze Source Type: news

Frailty in people living with HIV.
Abstract The life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has dramatically improved with effective and well-tolerated antiretroviral therapy. This presents a new challenge in caring for this patient population, with up to 28% of older PLHIV being identified as frail. Studies suggest that the prevalence of frailty is higher in PLHIV compared to the general population, and that the onset of frailty occurs at an earlier age. Frail individuals often present with multiple and non-specific health complaints, fluctuating disability, falls and delirium, and are at higher risk for multiple adverse outcomes, post-opera...
Source: AIDS Research and Therapy - November 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bloch M Tags: AIDS Res Ther Source Type: research

Chinese Researcher Claiming Controversial Gene-Edited Babies Reports Second Pregnancy May Be Underway
(HONG KONG) — A Chinese researcher who claims to have helped make the world’s first genetically edited babies says a second pregnancy may be underway. The researcher, He Jiankui of Shenzhen, revealed the possible pregnancy Wednesday while making his first public comments about his controversial work at an international conference in Hong Kong. He claims to have altered the DNA of twin girls born earlier this month to try to make them resistant to infection with the AIDS virus. Mainstream scientists have condemned the experiment, and universities and government groups are investigating. The second potential preg...
Source: TIME: Health - November 28, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Marilynn Marchione / AP Tags: Uncategorized crispr onetime Source Type: news

The Future of HIV Treatment Might Not Involve Pills
HIV treatments have come a long way in the more than 30 years since the virus was first identified. Powerful antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can now keep the virus controlled at levels that current tests cannot detect in the blood. Perhaps just as important, people who take these drugs diligently soon after they’re infected are unlikely to pass the virus to others. But the treatment isn’t perfect. Those with HIV need to take a pill every day for the rest of their lives, and even if they do, the virus can easily morph to become resistant to the drugs. That’s why patients on ARV treatment should faithfully moni...
Source: TIME: Health - December 1, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized healthytime HIV/AIDS onetime Source Type: news

10 New Year ’s Resolutions Doctors Actually Want You to Make
Each year, Americans’ most popular New Year’s resolutions are more or less the same: get healthy, get organized, save money. But doctors at the American Medical Association (AMA) have some more specific thoughts in mind for 2019. The AMA this week released a list of 10 wellness-focused resolutions that could “help Americans make the most impactful, long-lasting improvements to their health in 2019.” Here’s what they are — and how to make them happen. Learn your risk for type 2 diabetes Diabetes is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the U.S., affecting an estimated 30 mil...
Source: TIME: Health - December 21, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jamie Ducharme Tags: Uncategorized healthytime Holidays 2018 public health Source Type: news

10 New Year's Resolutions Doctors Actually Want You to Make
Each year, Americans’ most popular New Year’s resolutions are more or less the same: get healthy, get organized, save money. But doctors at the American Medical Association (AMA) have some more specific thoughts in mind for 2019. The AMA this week released a list of 10 wellness-focused resolutions that could “help Americans make the most impactful, long-lasting improvements to their health in 2019.” Here’s what they are — and how to make them happen. Learn your risk for type 2 diabetes Diabetes is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the U.S., affecting an estimated 30 mil...
Source: TIME: Health - December 21, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Jamie Ducharme Tags: Uncategorized healthytime Holidays 2018 public health Source Type: news

Diversity in the CD4 receptor protects chimpanzees from infection by AIDS-like viruses
(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Hahn's lab and an international team of collaborators, found that the CD4 surface protein, which is used by HIV and SIV as the receptor to enter immune cells, is highly variable among wild chimpanzees. Understanding how these viruses are transmitted within and between species may reveal clues for novel vaccine strategies in humans.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - February 4, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Computer-designed vaccine elicits potent antibodies against RSV
(University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine) A first-of-its-kind nanoparticle vaccine candidate for respiratory syncytial virus, a major cause of infant mortality worldwide, has been developed through computer design. Animal tests suggest the vaccine could provide potent, durable protection against RSV. The vaccine is being further developed for possible clinical trials. The nanoparticle platform will also be used to design potential vaccines for AIDS, hepatitis C and cancer.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - March 7, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Antigen-Specific Single B Cell Sorting and Monoclonal Antibody Cloning in Guinea Pigs
This study was supported by NIH/NIAID grants R01AI102766 (YL), P01AI104722 (RW and YL), UM1 AI100663 (RW), and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP1084519 (RW). JS is a trainee of NIH training grant T32AI125186A to Anne Simon at University of Maryland, College Park. This study was also partially funded by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) (RW) with the generous support of United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 22, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antibiotic-Induced Disruption of Gut Microbiota Alters Local Metabolomes and Immune Responses
In conclusion, our study indicated that 3 weeks antibiotic administration induced elevated expression of many cytokines in mouse colon, suggesting that there might be a direct interaction between antibiotics and host tissue. Furthermore, different antibiotics used can lead to different effects on mouse models. Broad spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin had a stronger effect on the cytokines response in the colon. Vancomycin can induce significant changes in composition and metabolic profiling of gut microbiota. Compared to enrofloxacin and vancomycin, polymixin B sulfate had a weakest effect. The differences observed in compos...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Toxoplasma gondii: CD8 T Cells Cry for CD4 Help
Conclusions Toxoplasma gondii infection induces a strong innate and adaptive immune response. While the innate immunity is important for controlling the early stages of the infection (Yarovinsky, 2014), the adaptive immunity is critical for restricting the parasite replication during the later stages (Gazzinelli et al., 1992). Amongst the adaptive immune subsets, CD8 T cells are the primary effector cells while CD4 T cells play an essential helper role to maintain long-term immunity (Casciotti et al., 2002). Notwithstanding, a robust CD8 T cell immunity induced during acute phase of infection, does not result in the total...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 30, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Immunogenicity and safety of 4 vs. 3 standard doses of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected adults with isolated anti-HBc antibody.
CONCLUSIONS: An anamnestic response occurred in one-third of Thai HIV-infected patients with isolated anti-HBc antibody who received one dose of HBV vaccination; however, the majority were still unprotected. The use of either 3 or 4 standard-doses of vaccination was highly effective and should be recommended in all HIV-infected individuals with isolated anti-HBc antibody. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03212911. Registered 11 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212911. PMID: 31053142 [PubMed - in process]
Source: AIDS Research and Therapy - May 2, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laksananun N, Praparattanapan J, Kotarathititum W, Supparatpinyo K, Chaiwarith R Tags: AIDS Res Ther Source Type: research

Research Articles A live-attenuated RhCMV/SIV vaccine shows long-term efficacy against heterologous SIV challenge
Previous studies have established that strain 68-1–derived rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins (RhCMV/SIV) are able to elicit and maintain cellular immune responses that provide protection against mucosal challenge of highly pathogenic SIV in rhesus monkeys (RMs). However, these efficacious RhCMV/SIV vectors were replication and spread competent and therefore have the potential to cause disease in immunocompromised subjects. To develop a safer CMV-based vaccine for clinical use, we attenuated 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vectors by deletion of the Rh110 gene encoding the p...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - July 16, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hansen, S. G., Marshall, E. E., Malouli, D., Ventura, A. B., Hughes, C. M., Ainslie, E., Ford, J. C., Morrow, D., Gilbride, R. M., Bae, J. Y., Legasse, A. W., Oswald, K., Shoemaker, R., Berkemeier, B., Bosche, W. J., Hull, M., Womack, J., Shao, J., Edlefs Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research