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Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology
Joanna Mikulak1,2, Elena Bruni1,2, Ferdinando Oriolo1,2, Clara Di Vito1 and Domenico Mavilio1,2*
1Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
2Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immunological Molecular Responses of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Infection With Toxoplasma gondii
We present a transcriptomic view of the epithelial cell response to infection with T. gondii. RNA-Sequencing of total and small RNA extracted from three human primary retinal pigment epithelial isolates infected with virulent, natural GT-1 strain tachyzoites enabled in silico differential expression, and gene ontology, pathway and network enrichment analyses. Our work revealed a sizeable molecular response in the total RNA transcriptome—with significantly differentially expressed genes totaling 28.9% of total assigned transcripts—but very limited consistent changes in the small RNA transcriptome—tot...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Fight Aging! Newsletter, July 8th 2019
In this study, we identify a link between members of the genus Veillonella and exercise performance. We observed an increase in Veillonella relative abundance in marathon runners postmarathon and isolated a strain of Veillonella atypica from stool samples. Inoculation of this strain into mice significantly increased exhaustive treadmill run time.
Veillonella utilize lactate as their sole carbon source, which prompted us to perform a shotgun metagenomic analysis in a cohort of elite athletes, finding that every gene in a major pathway metabolizing lactate to propionate is at higher relative abundance postexercise. Us...
Source: Fight Aging! - July 7, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 9th 2019
We examined human lung tissue from COPD patients and normal control subjects, and found a substantial increase in p16-expressing alveolar cells in COPD patients. Using a transgenic mouse deficient for p16, we demonstrated that lungs of mice lacking p16 were structurally and functionally resistant to CS-induced emphysema due to activation of IGF1/Akt regenerative and protective signaling.
Fat Tissue Surrounds Skeletal Muscle to Accelerate Atrophy in Aging and Obesity
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2019/09/fat-tissue-surrounds-skeletal-muscle-to-accelerate-atrophy-in-aging-and-obesity/
Researchers her...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 8, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 21st 2019
In this study, AT1-AAs were detected in the sera of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the positive rate was 44.44% vs. 17.46% in non-PAD volunteers. In addition, analysis showed that AT1-AAs level was positively correlated with PAD. To reveal the causal relationship between AT1-AAs and vascular aging, an AT1-AAs-positive rat model was established by active immunization. The carotid pulse wave velocity was higher, and the aortic endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was attenuated significantly in the immunized rats. Morphological staining showed thickening of the aortic wall. Histological examination showe...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 20, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Request for Startups in the Rejuvenation Biotechnology Space, 2020 Edition
This is the latest in a series of yearly posts in which I suggest areas of development for biotech startups I'd like to see actively developed as a part of the longevity industry in the near future. Today, this year, is a good time to be starting a company focused on the production of a novel therapeutic approach to intervening in the aging process. There is a great deal of funding for seed stage investment, and many compelling projects lacking champions, yet to be carried forward from academia into preclinical development. Numerous scientific and industry crossover conferences are now held every year, at which it is possi...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 17, 2020 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Investment Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 30th 2020
We examined specific aspects of metabolism in male PolG+/mut mice at 6 and 12 months of age under three dietary conditions: normal chow (NC) feeding, high-fat feeding (HFD), and 24-hr starvation. We performed mitochondrial proteomics and assessed dynamics and quality control signaling in muscle and liver to determine whether mitochondria respond to mtDNA point mutations by altering morphology and turnover. In the current study, we observed that the accumulation of mtDNA point mutations failed to disrupt metabolic homeostasis and insulin action in male mice, but with aging, metabolic health was likely preserved by counterme...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 29, 2020 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 3rd 2021
Fight Aging! publishes news and commentary relevant to the goal of ending all age-related disease, to be achieved by bringing the mechanisms of aging under the control of modern medicine. This weekly newsletter is sent to thousands of interested subscribers. To subscribe or unsubscribe from the newsletter,
please visit:
https://www.fightaging.org/newsletter/
Longevity Industry Consulting Services
Reason, the founder of Fight Aging! and Repair Biotechnologies, offers strategic consulting services to investors, entrepreneurs, and others interested in the longevity industry and its complexities. To find out m...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 2, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 10th 2021
This study suggests that some of those changes contribute to age-related hypertension, providing yet another reason to put resources into the near term development of therapies that can reverse the aging of the gut microbiome, such as flagellin vaccination or fecal microbiota transplantation.
"Previous studies from our lab have shown that the composition of the gut microbiota in animal models of hypertension, such as the SHRSP (spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone) rat model, is different from that in animals with normal blood pressure. Further, transplanting dysbiotic gut microbiota from a hypertensive animal ...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 9, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, March 14th 2022
This study tests the feasibility of chronically elevating skeletal muscle NAD+ in mice and investigates the putative effects on mitochondrial respiratory capacity, insulin sensitivity, and gene expression. The metabolic effects of NR and PT treatment were modest. We conclude that the chronic elevation of skeletal muscle NAD+ by the intravenous injection of NR is possible but does not affect muscle respiratory capacity or insulin sensitivity in either sedentary or physically active mice. Our data have implications for NAD+ precursor supplementation regimens.
Muscle Strengthening Activities in Later Life Correlate ...
Source: Fight Aging! - March 13, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, July 25th 2022
This study further demonstrates that AMD is not a single condition or an isolated disease, but is often a signal of systemic malfunction which could benefit from targeted medical evaluation in addition to localized eye care."
Microglia in the Aging Brain, Both Protective and Harmful
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/07/microglia-in-the-aging-brain-both-protective-and-harmful/
A growing body of evidence implicates the changing behavior of microglia in the aging of the brain and onset of neurodegeneration. Microglia are analogous to macrophages, innate immune cells unique to the central nervous syst...
Source: Fight Aging! - July 24, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
The prevalence, correlation, and co-occurrence of neuropathology in old age: harmonisation of 12 measures across six community-based autopsy studies of dementia
We described the prevalence, correlations, and co-occurrence of neuropathologies.FINDINGS: The cohorts included 4354 decedents aged 80 years or older with autopsy data. All cohorts included more women than men, with the exception of one study that only included men, and all cohorts included decedents at older ages (range of mean age at death across cohorts 88·0-91·6 years). Measures of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change, Braak stage and CERAD scores, were in the high confidence category, whereas measures of vascular neuropathologies were in the low (arterioloscerosis, atherosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopath...
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 4, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Emma Nichols Richard Merrick Simon I Hay Dibya Himali Jayandra J Himali Sally Hunter Hannah A D Keage Caitlin S Latimer Matthew R Scott Jaimie D Steinmetz Jamie M Walker Stephen B Wharton Crystal D Wiedner Paul K Crane C Dirk Keene Lenore J Launer Fiona E Source Type: research
Fight Aging! Newsletter, April 24th 2023
In this study, researchers show that mice lacking a functional ATF4 gene show little to no loss of grip strength and treadmill performance into late life; it is quite an impressive effect size. Assessments of muscle biochemistry do show age-related declines, but to a lesser degree than the controls. How ATF4 knockout functions to produce this outcome is an interesting question. The researchers point out a range of possible downstream and upstream targets that have been implicated in the regulation of muscle growth, but it will clearly require further work to identify the important mechanisms involved.
Aging slowly...
Source: Fight Aging! - April 23, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
RNA-seq research landscape in Africa: systematic review reveals disparities and opportunities
Eur J Med Res. 2023 Jul 22;28(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01206-3.ABSTRACTRNA sequencing has emerged as the standard method for transcriptome profiling of several human diseases. We performed a systematic review detailing the state of RNA-seq analyses in Africa from its inception till February 2022. Our goal was to provide an update on the state of RNA-seq analyses in Africa, including research gaps, funding information, participants information, authorship and collaborations. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed an exhaustive literature search for RNA-seq studies conducted in Africa, using PubMed, Scopus and ...
Source: Biomed Res - July 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Albert Doughan Wisdom Adingo Samson Pandam Salifu Source Type: research
Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 11th 2023
This article reviews the current regulatory role of miR-7 in inflammation and related diseases, including viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and encephalitis. It expounds on the molecular mechanism by which miR-7 regulates the occurrence of inflammatory diseases. Finally, the existing problems and future development directions of miR-7-based intervention on inflammation and related diseases are discussed to provide new references and help strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation and related diseases, as well as the development of new strategies for clinical interventi...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 10, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
