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Prospective assessment of overactive bladder symptoms in women who have undergone transvaginal surgery for advanced vaginal wall prolapse: A preliminary reportemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This preliminary report reveals that the Perigee procedure is an efficient and effective surgical approach for the treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. It can also improve the subjective symptoms of OAB. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research - August 24, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: Hung-Yen Chin, Chi-Hsin Chiang, Kuan-Cheng Lin, Chin-Jung Wang, Chyi-Long Lee, Yung-Kuei Soong Source Type: journals

Transobturator Tape Procedure With and Without Concomitant Vaginal Surgeryemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Transobturator tape is safe and effective for stress urinary incontinence. Voiding dysfunction is more prevalent after concomitant vaginal surgery but that surgery does not affect the transobturator tape continence outcome. (Source: The Journal of Urology)
Source: The Journal of Urology - July 20, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Alexander Tsivian, Shalva Benjamin, Matvey Tsivian, Meir Rikover, Baruch Mogutin, Doron Korczak, A. Ami Sidi Tags: Voiding Dysfunction Source Type: journals

Vaginal repair with mesh versus colporrhaphy for prolapse: a randomised controlled trialemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion In this study, vaginal surgery augmented by mesh did not result in significantly less recurrent prolapse than traditional colporrhaphy 12 months following surgery. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - July 6, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: M Carey, P Higgs, J Goh, J Lim, A Leong, H Krause, A Cornish Source Type: journals

Vaginal repair with mesh versus colporrhaphy for prolapse: a randomised controlled trial.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion In this study, vaginal surgery augmented by mesh did not result in significantly less recurrent prolapse than traditional colporrhaphy 12 months following surgery. PMID: 19583714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)
Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - July 6, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: Carey M, Higgs P, Goh J, Lim J, Leong A, Krause H, Cornish A Tags: BJOG Source Type: journals

Postoperative Pubic Symphysis Osteomyelitis after Laparoscopic Two-team Sling with Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 53 year-old woman, who previously had a Burch colposuspension, developed osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis about 1 month after undergoing a laparoscopic 2-team sling with anterior and posterior colporrhaphy. The diagnosis was made on the basis of computed tomography–guided aspiration of the pubic symphysis, which was positive for group B Streptococcus sp. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of osteomyelitis after a laparoscopic retropubic sling procedure. Osteomyelitis is a rare postoperative complication in female pelvic reconstructive surgery but has been reported in cases where the pubic bo...
Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology - June 30, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: Jamie Kroft, Rose C. Kung Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Transabdominal uterosacral suspension: outcomes and complicationsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: An AUSS successfully suspends the cuff for treatment of prolapse and may be offered prophylactically to women who are undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for nonprolapse indications. Alternative sutures may reduce the suture erosion rate. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - March 23, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: Lior Lowenstein, Amelia Fitz, Kimberly Kenton, Mary P. FitzGerald, Elizabeth R. Mueller, Linda Brubaker Tags: Urogynecology Source Type: journals

Transabdominal uterosacral suspension: outcomes and complications.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: An AUSS successfully suspends the cuff for treatment of prolapse and may be offered prophylactically to women who are undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for nonprolapse indications. Alternative sutures may reduce the suture erosion rate. PMID: 19306967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - March 21, 2009 Category: OBGYN Authors: Lowenstein L, Fitz A, Kenton K, Fitzgerald MP, Mueller ER, Brubaker MS Tags: Am J Obstet Gynecol Source Type: journals

Clinical outcome of transobturator tape concomitant with vaginal hysterectomy plus anterior posterior colporrhaphyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion  Transobturator tape procedure could be accompanied safely with prolapse surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00404-008-0920-0Authors Ali Ayhan, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sihhiye Ankara TurkeyN. Utku Dogan, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sihhiye Ankara TurkeySuleyman Guven, Karadeniz Technical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine 61080 Trabzon TurkeyO. Tolga Guler, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of O...
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - January 16, 2009 Category: OBGYN Tags: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Source Type: journals

Transvaginal closure of urethra and correction of uterovaginal prolapse in neurologically impaired patient with chronic indwelling catheteremail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
We report the case of a 38-year-old neurologically impaired woman with continuous urinary incontinence as a result of a chronic indwelling catheter for neurogenic bladder. Long-term catheter resulted in dilatation of urethra and pressure necrosis of urethra, with subsequent incontinence despite the catheter. She also had a stage 3 uterovaginal prolapse. She underwent cystoscopy, closure of urethra and bladder neck by transvaginal route (Feneley procedure), insertion of a suprapubic catheter, sacrospinous fixation and posterior colporrhaphy with prolene mesh (Apogee™). Vaginal hysterectomy was declined by the patient ...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - January 13, 2009 Category: OBGYN Tags: International Urogynecology Journal Source Type: journals

The repair of rectovaginal fistulas using a bulbocavernosus muscle-fat flapemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  A 50-year-old woman developed a rectovaginal fistula after a posterior colporrhaphy for rectocele repair. Her vagina was scarred and narrowed after radiotherapy for cervical cancer 20 years earlier. A second patient with a 23-year history of Crohn’s disease presented with a small low rectovaginal fistula. The latter appeared spontaneously. Both complained of passing faeces and flatus through the vagina. Clinical examination confirmed the symptoms and revealed no signs of sphincter disturbance. As both patients had no other medical problems, we operated on the fistulas by a vaginal approach us...
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - November 1, 2008 Category: OBGYN Tags: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Source Type: journals

Clinical Practice Guidelines on Vaginal Graft Use From the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Based on the overall low quality of evidence, only weak recommendations could be provided. This highlights the need for practitioners to fully explain the relative merits of each alternative and carefully consider patients' values and preferences to arrive at an appropriate decision. Future research is likely to change the estimates in the net benefit and risk and the confidence around these assessments. PMID: 18978115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 1, 2008 Category: OBGYN Authors: Murphy M, Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: journals

[Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women: Laparoscopic or vaginal sacrocolpopexy?]email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: The two techniques must coexist, ideally without competing with each other but rather complementarily, as the overall rate of recurrence, requiring additional procedure does not exceed 2%. It is therefore important that surgeons, who support prolapse, have a good comprehensive training of the laparoscopic and vaginal techniques. PMID: 18823810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite)
Source: Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite - September 25, 2008 Category: OBGYN Authors: Descargues G, Collard P, Grise P Tags: Gynecol Obstet Fertil Source Type: journals

Symptom resolution and sexual function after anterior vaginal wall repair with or without polypropylene meshemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  To evaluate whether symptom resolution and sexual function is better after reinforcement with polypropylene mesh than with traditional anterior repair. Ninety-seven patients were randomized to anterior colporrhaphy and 105 to an operation with mesh. Participants were evaluated up to 24 months by physical examination, standard questions, and questionnaire. The overall symptom rate did not differ between the groups, but a sensation of vaginal bulge was reported less frequently in the mesh group, the figures being 17 versus 5 (p = 0.003). The recurrence rate for the no-mesh group was 41% and f...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - August 21, 2008 Category: OBGYN Tags: International Urogynecology Journal Source Type: journals

Change of sexual function after midurethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinenceemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: There is no significant change in overall sexual function in women undergoing the midurethral sling procedure. Posterior colporrhaphy and operative methods do not affect overall sexual function. (Source: International Journal of Urology)
Source: International Journal of Urology - July 24, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Duk Yoon Kim, Jae Duck Choi Source Type: journals

Wide genital hiatus is a risk factor for recurrence following anterior vaginal repair.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: The rate of recurrent anterior vaginal wall prolapse is higher in patients with a wide genital hiatus. PMID: 18215663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics - January 21, 2008 Category: OBGYN Authors: Medina CA, Candiotti K, Takacs P Tags: Int J Gynaecol Obstet Source Type: journals

Vaginal topography does not correlate well with visceral position in women with pelvic organ prolapseemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The objective was to determine whether vaginal topography accurately predicts the location of the pelvic viscera on fluoroscopy in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Eighty-nine women undergoing preoperative evaluation for reconstructive pelvic surgery at a tertiary care referral practice formed the study population. Each woman completed a comprehensive urogynecologic history and physical examination, which included a quantified (POP-Q) assessment of her vaginal topography, as described by Bump et al. In addition each woman underwent pelvic floor fluoroscopy (PFF). Visceral sites were selected which corresponded clinica...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - December 3, 2007 Category: OBGYN Tags: International Urogynecology Journal Source Type: journals

Posterior compartment defect repair in vaginal surgery: Update on surgical techniquesemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  Posterior colporrhaphy has been the most common surgical technique for the repair of posterior compartment defects. Traditional posterior colporrhaphy involves plication of the levator ani, which may result in dyspareunia related to narrowing of the introitus. Current posterior compartment repairs either plicate the midline fascia or repair the specific site of fascial weakness. Despite insubstantial data, the use of grafts to reinforce posterior repairs has gained popularity. Grafts such as allografts, xenografts, and synthetic meshes have been used to reinforce the posterior wall. Complications in...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 11, 2007 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Current Urology Reports Source Type: journals

Efficacy and outcome of anterior vaginal wall repair using polypropylene mesh (Gynemesh)email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research Volume 33, Issue 5, Page 700-704, Oct 2007. Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of anterior vaginal wall repair using polypropylene mesh for the correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Methods: From May 2001 to March 2005, 38 patients with cystoc... (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research - September 7, 2007 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Rectal erosion of synthetic mesh used in posterior colporrhaphy requiring surgical removalemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse with transvaginally placed synthetic mesh has recently increased. Several reports of complications have surfaced raising the overall question of safety regarding its use for vaginal prolapse repair. This case report describes a rectal erosion and dyspareunia that resulted from mesh placed into the posterior vaginal wall. A 47-year-old woman underwent a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and a posterior repair with polypropylene mesh resulting in a rectal erosion. Despite removal of all of the mesh that could be excised rectally resulting in a healed rectal muc...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - July 17, 2007 Category: OBGYN Tags: International Urogynecology Journal Source Type: journals

Bowel symptoms 1 year after surgery for prolapse: further analysis of a randomized trial of rectocele repair.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Resolution or improvement in bowel symptoms can be expected in the majority of women after rectocele repair and pelvic reconstruction. While all symptoms improved after surgery, a reduction in bothersome postoperative straining and incomplete emptying were specifically associated with cure of posterior vaginal wall prolapse. PMID: 17618766 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - July 1, 2007 Category: OBGYN Authors: Gustilo-Ashby AM, Paraiso MF, Jelovsek JE, Walters MD, Barber MD Tags: Am J Obstet Gynecol Source Type: journals

Results of tension-free vaginal tape procedure in patients with or without colporrhaphyemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  We investigated the clinical results and the ultrasonic morphological characteristics of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) surgery combined with anterior or posterior colporrhaphy in relation to the results after TVT procedure without prolapse repair. Seventy-two women with stress incontinence and other pelvic floor defects underwent the tension-free vaginal tape procedure in conjunction with anterior or posterior colporrhaphy. Another 212 patients with stress incontinence without genital prolapse underwent TVT procedure alone. The study was designed as a prospective investigation. The follow-up was p...
Source: Gynecological Surgery - May 26, 2007 Category: OBGYN Tags: Gynecological Surgery Source Type: journals

Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of recto-genital prolapse and mechanical outlet obstructionemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Colorectal Disease Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???-???. (Source: Colorectal Disease)
Source: Colorectal Disease - May 10, 2007 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The natural history of posterior vaginal wall support after abdominal sacrocolpopexy with and without posterior colporrhaphy.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: For ASC with concomitant posterior colporrhaphy, POP-Q point Ap significantly improved and persisted at 34 months after surgery. Ten months after surgery, descent of POP-Q point Bp returned to preoperative levels and was the same regardless of whether a site-specific posterior colporrhaphy was performed at the time of an abdominal sacrocolpopexy. PMID: 17466678 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - May 1, 2007 Category: OBGYN Authors: Yau JL, Rahn DD, McIntire DD, Schaffer JI, Wai CY Tags: Am J Obstet Gynecol Source Type: journals

Use of synthetic mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery: a survey of attitudes and practice patterns of urogynecologistsemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
This study surveyed attitudes and practice patterns of urogynecologists regarding the use of synthetic mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery. A web-based survey was administered to members of the American Urogynecologic Society. The survey evaluated the use of the mesh for sacrocolpopexy, suburethral sling, and vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. The survey had a 30.5% response rate. One hundred one (39%) respondents were women, and 158 (61%) were men. One hundred forty-seven (56.8%) participated in fellowship training. Two hundred forty-seven (99.5%) currently perform procedures using synthetic mesh, including 93% ...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - April 25, 2007 Category: OBGYN Tags: International Urogynecology Journal Source Type: journals

National survey on the management of prolapse in the UKemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
To assess trends in the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) amongst UK practitioners, and compare practice between urogynaecologists (tertiary centres), gynaecologists with a special interest in urogynaecology and general gynaecologists.A postal questionnaire survey was sent to practising consultant gynaecologists in UK Hospitals. They included urogynaecologists in tertiary centres, gynaecologists with a designated special interest in urogynaecology and general gynaecologists. The questionnaire included case scenarios encompassing contentious issues in the surgical management of POP.Four hundred fifty-eight ...
Source: Neurourology and Urodynamics - January 29, 2007 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Swati Jha, Paul A. Moran Source Type: journals

Rectocele repair: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques including graft augmentation.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Posterior colporraphy and site-specific rectocele repair result in similar anatomic and functional outcomes. The addition of a porcine-derived graft does not improve anatomic outcomes. All 3 methods of rectocele repair result in significant improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and sexual function. PMID: 17132479 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 22, 2007 Category: OBGYN Source Type: journals

A long-term review of posterior colporrhaphy with Vypro 2 meshemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
The objective is to study the long-term outcomes of posterior colporrhaphy with composite polyglactin 910-polypropylene mesh (Vypro 2, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) utilizing an overlay technique. Seventy-eight patients involved in our previous study were contacted 3?years after their initial operation for follow-up (Lim YN, Rane A, Muller R, Int Urogynecol J 16:126?131, 2005). Thirty-seven (47%) returned for follow-up and completed a standardized questionnaire survey, whereas a further 16 (20%) returned their postal questionnaires. Mean age was 61.3 (SD 10.8)?years, and follow-up was 35.7 (SD 4.5)?months. There were stati...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - January 10, 2007 Category: OBGYN Source Type: journals

A randomized trial of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation vs general anesthesia for the vaginal correction of pelvic organ prolapseemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the feasibility of local anesthesia with IV sedation versus general anesthesia for vaginal correction of pelvic organ prolapse. Patients with pelvic organ prolapse who were scheduled for an anterior or posterior colporrhaphy, or an obliterative procedure, and who did not have a contraindication or preference to type of anesthesia were randomized to one of the two anesthesia groups. Nineteen patients were randomized to the general group and 21 patients were randomized to the local group. Mean operating room, anesthesia, and surgical time were similar in each group, and 10 pat...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - November 22, 2006 Category: OBGYN Source Type: journals

Biomesh (Pelvicol®) erosion following repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapseemail this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
We report two cases of erosion following anterior vaginal wall repair. In both cases, the operation was performed as a standard cystocele repair where the collagen Pelvicol® mesh was anchored to the pubocervical fascia. Both patients had signs of erosion shortly after the operation, and both had the mesh removed. In one patient, the vaginal epithelium healed spontaneously, whereas the other patient had a delayed healing process. The graft was rejected due to intolerance to the biomesh or an infection. Our study shows that an erosion following implantation of a biomesh may be complicated. Content TypeJournal Article ...
Source: International Urogynecology Journal - October 11, 2006 Category: OBGYN Source Type: journals

New surgical technique for the treatment of urinary incontinence in Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kaunas University of Medicine.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION. TVT operation is a minimal invasive, fast, safe and very effective surgical procedure for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence, which has to be implemented in Lithuania as a routine outpatient procedure. PMID: 17028470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Medicina (Kaunas))
Source: Medicina (Kaunas) - October 10, 2006 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: journals

Primary surgery of genital prolapse: a shift in treatment tradition.email this articleEmail this article to a colleague. save this article to My ClippingsSave this article to My Clippings. discuss this articleDiscuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. The surgery for genital prolapse seems to have changed from complete repairs towards selective repairs and posterior colporrhaphy was more often avoided in the second period. The implication of this shift in surgical treatment on pelvic floor function is not known. Further studies are needed to disclose the effect of the surgery on pelvic floor function and dysfunction in the long term. PMID: 16929416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: PubMed: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica)
Source: PubMed: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica - September 11, 2006 Category: OBGYN Authors: Crafoord K, Sydsjö A, Nilsson K, Kjølhede P Source Type: journals