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Stage migration and increasing proportion of favorable-prognosis metastatic renal cell carcinoma patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk model classifies patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by 5 pretreatment features as favorable, intermediate, and poor risk. The number of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center patients in each risk group was examined by year of treatment to analyze stage migration.The distribution of risk groups was examined retrospectively in 789 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center patients with metastatic RCC treated in a first-line therapy clinical trial from 1975 to 2007. Date of treatment onset was divided into 6 cohorts between 1975 and 2007 (1975-1980, 1981-1985, 198...
Source: Cancer - November 17, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sujata Patil, Nicole Ishill, John Deluca, Robert J. Motzer Source Type: journals

Abnormalities of thyroid function in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib: A prospective evaluation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to characterize features of thyroid dysfunction in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who were treated with sorafenib. We performed a prospective observational study including 69 Japanese patients who were diagnosed as having metastatic RCC refractory to cytokine therapy and subsequently treated with sorafenib for at least 12 weeks. Thyroid function was assessed before and every 4 weeks after the initiation of sorafenib treatment. Of the 69 patients, 23 (33.3%) did not show any biochemical thyroid abnormality, while the remaining 46 (67.7%) developed hypothyroidism....
Source: Urologic Oncology - November 12, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Miyake H, Kurahashi T, Yamanaka K, Kondo Y, Muramaki M, Takenaka A, Inoue TA, Fujisawa M Tags: Urol Oncol Source Type: journals

NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer UpdatedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
to Include Pazopanib for Advanced Disease; Free Webinar Discusses Updates The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer have been updated to incorporate the recently approved therapy pazopanib as a treatment option for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. In conjunction with this update, NCCN presents a series of free webinars scheduled for the week of November 9, 2009, hosted by an NCCN Guidelines Panel Member to review the information that supported modification of the NCCN Guidelines. FORT WASHINGTON, PA — Following the recent FDA approval of pazopanib (Votrient™, GlaxoSmithKline) for advanced renal cell ...
Source: Kidney Cancer Association - November 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: organizations

General Model of Inflammation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dysfunctions in the immune system, due to genetics, disease or environmental factors, can cause bacterial colonization and chronic inflammation. In cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections can initiate inflammation of the airway. We propose a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to describe interactions between macrophages, both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and bacteria. Small changes in parameters governing inflammatory cytokine production and macrophage sensitivity to cytokines result in dramatically different model behaviors. When the immune sy...
Source: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology - October 23, 2009 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Herald MC Tags: Bull Math Biol Source Type: journals

Notes from the 8th International SymposiumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Patient advocates generously volunteered their time to take notes at the recent 8th International Kidney Cancer Symposium, in Chicago. These notes are intended to capture the essence of this important medical meeting and convey it in a way that is useful to patients, survivors, and their families. The first installment sumarizes the Saturday morning session. Integration of Surgical and Systemic Therapy in Metastatic RCC This session was opened by Dr. Bradley Leibovich who presented two cases on which the audience voted on methods to integrate surgery with systemic treatment int...
Source: Kidney Cancer Association - October 14, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: organizations

The role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article discusses the history of the discovery of Th17 cells, the potential mechanisms of action of IL-17 in autoimmunity, and perspectives for IL-17-targeted cytokine therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11926-009-0052-yAuthors Sarah L. Gaffen, University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Journal Current Rheumatology ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6307Print ISSN 1523-3774 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 5 / October, 2009 (Source: Current Rheumatology Reports)
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - October 6, 2009 Category: Rheumatology Tags: Current Rheumatology Reports Source Type: journals

Interleukin -6 subfamily cytokines and rheumatoid arthritis: Role of antagonists.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many cytokines have been implicated in the inflammatory pathways that characterise rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related inflammatory diseases of the joints. These include members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines, several of which have been detected in excess in the synovial fluid from RA patients. What makes the IL-6 group of cytokines a family is their common use of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor subunit, to which they bind with different affinities. Several strategies have been developed to block the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6 subfamily cytokines. These include the application of monoc...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - October 1, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jazayeri JA, Carroll GJ, Vernallis AB Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: journals

Lack of specific {gamma}-retroviral vector long terminal repeat promoter silencing in patients receiving genetically engineered lymphocytes and activation upon lymphocyte restimulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Retroviral transduction of tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) genes into lymphocytes redirects T cells to lyse tumors. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of these lymphocytes has mediated objective responses in patients with metastatic cancer. From 2004 to 2006, more than 40 patients were treated with autologous gene-modified lymphocytes expressing a melanoma antigen-specific TCR at the National Cancer Institute. Eighteen such patients were analyzed for persistence and gene expression in vivo. In addition, the impact of epigenetic silencing and of lymphocyte restimulation was studied. Although gene-modified lymphocyt...
Source: Blood - October 1, 2009 Category: Hematology Authors: Burns, W. R., Zheng, Z., Rosenberg, S. A., Morgan, R. A. Tags: Gene Therapy Source Type: journals

Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with and without prior cytokine therapy, a subanalysis of TARGETEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Before the development of targeted therapies, administration of cytokines (e.g., interleukin-2, interferon-α) was the primary systemic treatment option for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Sorafenib, an oral targeted, multikinase inhibitor, significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in the Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial (TARGET), a large (N = 903) phase III, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma resistant to standard therapy. This analysis of a patient subgroup from TARGET e...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 16, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Medical Oncology Source Type: journals

Cytokine and anti-cytokine therapy in asthma: ready for the clinic?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asthma is a common disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Up to 10% of these patients have asthma that is refractory to current therapy. This group have a disproportionate use of health care resources attributed to asthma, have significant morbidity and mortality and therefore represent an unmet clinical need. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous condition that is characterized by typical symptoms and disordered airway physiology set against a background of airway inflammation and remodelling. The inflammatory process underlying asthma is co-ordinated by a cytokine network. Modulating this network with biologica...
Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology - September 11, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Desai D, Brightling C Tags: Clin Exp Immunol Source Type: journals

Steering orally induced deviation of xenogeneic immunity with exogenous cytokines in rats fed porcine proteins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to determine if rat cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and antibody (Ab) to discordant porcine xenoantigens could be suppressed by oral administration of porcine protein with adjunct systemic cytokine therapy. Based on principles of oral tolerance, it was hypothesized that: a. Feeding proteins from porcine blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) would induce a type 2 response, inhibiting CMI and type 1 Ab (associated with xenograft rejection) but increasing the amount of type 2 Ab. b. IL-4, a type 2 cytokine would exaggerate type 2 bias, enhancing immune deviation. c. IFN-gamma, a type 1 cytokine was expec...
Source: Transplant Immunology - September 10, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Bridle BW, Wilkie BN, Jevnikar AM, Mallard BA Tags: Transpl Immunol Source Type: journals

Successful structure-based design of recent p38 MAP kinase inhibitors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inflammation is a complex immune response to cellular and tissue damage caused by physical, chemical, immunological, or microbial stimuli [1]. Prior to the successful launch of the anti-cytokine biologics [2-4], therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease were associated with severe side effects. Although biological agents have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the high costs and inconvenient dosing regimens would greatly benefit from novel safe and effective orally active inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor ...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - August 21, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Karcher SC, Laufer SA Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: journals

Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Intranodal Autologous Tumor Lysate-Dendritic Cell Vaccine with Aldesleukin (Interleukin 2) and IFN-{alpha}2a Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and immunologic responses observed in this trial suggest an interaction between DC vaccination and cytokine therapy. Our data support the hypothesis that modulation of inflammatory, regulatory, and angiogenic pathways are necessary to optimize therapeutic benefit in renal cell carcinoma patients. Further exploration of this approach is warranted. PMID: 19622576 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - July 20, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schwaab T, Schwarzer A, Wolf B, Crocenzi TS, Seigne JD, Crosby NA, Cole BF, Fisher JL, Uhlenhake JC, Mellinger D, Foster C, Szczepiorkowski ZM, Webber SM, Schned AR, Harris RD, Barth RJ, Heaney JA, Noelle RJ, Ernstoff MS Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: journals

Cytokine and anti-cytokine therapy in asthma: ready for the clinic?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asthma is a common disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Up to 10% of these patients have asthma that is refractory to current therapy. This group have a disproportionate use of health care resources attributed to asthma, have significant morbidity and mortality and therefore represent an unmet clinical need. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous condition that is characterized by typical symptoms and disordered airway physiology set against a background of airway inflammation and remodelling. The inflammatory process underlying asthma is co-ordinated by a cytokine network. Modulating this network with biological th...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology - July 14, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: D. Desai, C. Brightling Tags: Review Articles Source Type: journals

How Can Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Help to Define an Overall Management Strategy?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For many years, therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was limited to a single line of cytokine therapy with either interferon or interleukin-2. Relatively recently, the novel targeted agents bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib and temsirolimus have each demonstrated activity in patients with mRCC that is refractory to cytokine therapy. Based on phase III trial data of patients who have received no prior therapy for mRCC, targeted agents have now rapidly replaced cytokines or, in the case of bevacizumab, are used in combination with interferon as first-line therapy for mRCC. Thus, second-line therapy for mRCC...
Source: Oncology - July 12, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Melichar B Tags: Oncology Source Type: journals

Anti-cytokine therapeutics: history and update.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anti-cytokine therapy has promoted a revolution in the treatment of several inflammatory disorders during the past 10 years. Despite their medical and commercial success, they exhibit several drawbacks: difficulties of production, excessive costs, and a few side-effects. A promising alternative to the passive infusion of monoclonal antibodies or soluble cytokine receptors is the use of the active anti-cytokine immune therapy (ACIT). Surprisingly, clinical studies suggested the interest of this approach during the late 1980's, even before the advent of anti-cytokine passive immunotherapy. In this review, we first explai...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - June 27, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ratsimandresy RA, Rappaport J, Zagury JF Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: journals

Hope for rosacea: Cytokinin treatment offers patients a new therapeutic optionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel therapeutic approach with Pyratine-XR appears to be a helpful adjunct in the treatment of rosacea. This topical cytokine therapy offers patients another effective option for rosacea and is a much welcomed addition in the dermatologic armamentarium. (Source: Modern Medicine)
Source: Modern Medicine - June 2, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: info

Use of Cytokine Therapy in Primary ImmunodeficiencyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Of the six cytokine therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, five of them have been used in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). In some applications, clear benefits have been demonstrated, while in others, effects have been more marginal. The most compelling current applications of cytokine therapy in PID are those of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in severe congenital neutropenia and interferon gamma in chronic granulomatous disease. Despite encouraging results with interleukin-2 in common variable immunodeficiency and select other indications, its use in PID is n...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - May 16, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology Source Type: journals

Interferon-alpha treatment may negatively influence disease progression in melanoma patients by hyperactivation of STAT3 proteinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the possibility that a growth-promoting STAT3 protein might be activated by interferon-alpha in melanoma cells. We examined 24 primary cultures established from node metastases of melanoma patients who were monitored in a 5-year clinical follow-up. The patients differed in the course of disease and survival end-points. Using Western blot analyses, we show that interferon-alpha stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y705) residue in 17% of cases. These over-reactive cell populations originated from patients who had the shortest disease-free intervals. A significant correlation was ...
Source: European Journal of Cancer - April 21, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: L. Humpoliková-Adámková, J. Kovařík, L. Dušek, L. Lauerová, V. Boudný, V. Fait, M. Fojtová, E. Krejčí, A. Kovařík Tags: Experimental oncology Source Type: journals

Optimal management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an algorithm for treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been changed by the introduction of targeted agents. Consideration of individual patient factors, such as previous treatment and prognostic risk, e.g. according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk criteria), can assist in ensuring that patients receive appropriate targeted therapies. Available clinical evidence shows sunitinib to be the reference standard of care for the first-line treatment of mRCC in patients at favourable or intermediate prognostic risk according to MSKCC criteria. Combined treatment with bevacizumab plus interferon-[alph...
Source: BJU International - April 21, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Joaquim Bellmunt, Per Flodgren, Jan Roigas, Stéphane Oudard Source Type: journals

Harnessing innate and adaptive immunity for adoptive cell therapy of renal cell carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The development of immunotherapies for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been the subject of research for several decades. In addition to cytokine therapy, the benefit of various adoptive cell therapies has again come into focus in the past several years. Nevertheless, success in fighting this immunogenic tumor is still disappointing. RCC can attract a multitude of different effector cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells, γδ T cells, NK-like T cells, peptide-specific T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Based on intensive re...
Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine - March 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Journal of Molecular Medicine Source Type: journals

Serum sickness, encephalitis and other complications of anti-cytokine therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The introduction of biological therapies has greatly advanced the therapeutic armamentarium of the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. At present, three anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents (infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab pegol) and one anti-adhesion cytokine (natalizumab) have been approved and have shown efficacy in luminal and/or fistulizing Crohn's disease and/or in ulcerative colitis. Although the overall benefit/risk ratio for the anti-TNF agents is positive, of particular concern has been the problem of immunogenicity ascribed to the formation of antibodies to these m...
Source: Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology - March 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Vermeire S, Van Assche G, Rutgeerts P Tags: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol Source Type: journals

Interferon-alpha treatment may negatively influence disease progression in melanoma patients by hyperactivation of STAT3 protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the possibility that a growth-promoting STAT3 protein might be activated by interferon-alpha in melanoma cells. We examined 24 primary cultures established from node metastases of melanoma patients who were monitored in a 5-year clinical follow-up. The patients differed in the course of disease and survival end-points. Using Western blot analyses, we show that interferon-alpha stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y705) residue in 17% of cases. These over-reactive cell populations originated from patients who had the shortest disease-free intervals. A significant correlation was ...
Source: European Journal of Cancer - February 14, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Humpoliková-Adámková L, Kovařík J, Dušek L, Lauerová L, Boudný V, Fait V, Fojtová M, Krejčí E, Kovařík A Tags: Eur J Cancer Source Type: journals

Genetic Deficiency of Complement Isoforms C4A or C4B Predicts Improved Survival of Metastatic Renal Cell CarcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Improved survival is seen in patients with C4A or C4B deficiency and renal cell carcinoma treated with cytokine therapy with or without surgery. These data support our hypothesis that patients with renal cell carcinoma who have autoimmune genotypes have favorable outcomes resulting from autoimmune mechanisms directed to the tumor. (Source: The Journal of Urology)
Source: The Journal of Urology - February 9, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Ghazal I. Zafar, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Wei Wei, Marcella M. Johnson, Julie A. Ellerhorst Tags: Oncology: Adrenal/Renal/Upper Tract/Bladder Source Type: journals

Targeting the immune system in cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The concept of cancer immunotherapy provides a fresh perspective as it is not associated with many of the drawbacks of conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. When fully activated the immune system has immense potential as is evident from mis-matched transplanted organs undergoing rapid immunological attack and rejection. However, the development of immune strategies for cancer therapy has been associated with challenges of their own. Early attempts at cancer vaccination were carried out in an empirical manner that did not always lead to reproducibility. This led to a search of tumor asso...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - February 1, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chaudhuri D, Suriano R, Mittelman A, Tiwari RK Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Sorafenib induces therapeutic response in a patient with metastatic collecting duct carcinoma of kidney.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of a patient with CDC responding to sorafenib treatment. Therefore, the role of sorafenib in the management of metastatic CDC needs prospective evaluation. PMID: 19209019 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)
Source: Onkologie - February 1, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ansari J, Fatima A, Chaudhri S, Bhatt RI, Wallace M, James ND Tags: Onkologie Source Type: journals

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and other immunomodulatory therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in SOT recipients despite major advances in immunosuppressive and antimicrobial regimens. Immunomodulatory cytokines provide a potential means to augment the host immune response to infection. This review will focus on cytokine therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of infections in solid organ transplant recipients, and will speculate on the potential for further advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: In kidney and liver transplant recipients, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used successfully to reverse ganci...
Source: Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation - December 1, 2008 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Page AV, Liles WC Tags: Curr Opin Organ Transplant Source Type: journals

Comprehensive biomarker monitoring in cytokine therapy: heterogeneous, time-dependent, and persisting immune effects of interleukin-10 application in psoriasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report systemic immunological effects of IL-10 therapy in 10 psoriasis patients during a 7-week treatment period followed by a 7-week observation period. IL-10 was given s.c. at 8 microg/kg/day or 20 microg/kg/3x/week, and a broad range of immunological biomarkers was analyzed in an extended kinetics (17 time-points) before, during, and after IL-10 therapy. Besides the expected anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., inhibition of LPS-induced cytokine secretion), we found unexpected effects, such as activation of NK cells and an increase in parameters, indicating proinflammatory activity (C-reactive protein and soluble IL-2R)....
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - November 26, 2008 Category: Hematology Authors: Döcke WD, Asadullah K, Belbe G, Ebeling M, Höflich C, Friedrich M, Sterry W, Volk HD Tags: J Leukoc Biol Source Type: journals

Molecular biomarkers for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Implications for prognosis and therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, COX-2 and CAIX seem to be important predictors of outcome in patients with metastatic RCCs and might enhance the prognostic information obtained from pathology specimens. PMID: 18976937 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Urologic Oncology)
Source: Urologic Oncology - October 29, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Kim HS, Kim WS, Park SH, Jung CW, Choi HY, Lee HM, Jeon SS, Ha H, Hwang IG, Lee S, Lim HY Tags: Urol Oncol Source Type: journals

Targeted therapy for advanced renal cell cancer: cytokines and beyond.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the past 20 years cytokines have been the mainstay of treatment for advanced renal cell cancer (RCC), despite low response rates achieved and the high toxicity profile observed. The recent advances in molecular biology and the greater understanding of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-hypoxia-induced gene pathway have paved the way for a plethora of novel agents that selectively inhibit key molecular events which allow the malignant process to continue. The high specificity of targeted agents should allow sparing of healthy cells thereby making them less toxic and well tolerated. However, n...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - September 11, 2008 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Papaetis GS, Karapanagiotou LM, Pandha H, Syrigos KN Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: journals

Cytokine therapy in cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy , October 2008, Vol. 8, No. 10, Pages 1495-1505. Background: Cytokines provide important intercellular signals in inflammation, immunity and tumor and endothelial cell biology. Several cytokines have therapeutic potential when delivered exogenously alone or in combinations with chemotherapy or other ... (Source: Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy: Table of Contents)
Source: Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy: Table of Contents - September 8, 2008 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: article Source Type: journals

Lapatinib versus hormone therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: A randomized Phase III clinical trial Ravaud A, Hawkins R, Gardner JP, von der Maase H, Zantl N, Harper P, Rolland F, Audhuy B, Machiels JP, Pétavy F, Gore M, Schöffski P, El-Hariry I, Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Lapatinib was well tolerated with equivalent overall efficacy to HT in advanced RCC patients who had experienced disease progression while receiving cytokines, and the study supports that lapatinib prolonged OS relative to HT in patients with 3+ EGFR status determined by IHC. PMID: 18774480 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Urologic Oncology)
Source: Urologic Oncology - September 1, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Trump DL Tags: Urol Oncol Source Type: journals

Immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In 1992, high-dose bolus interleukin (IL)-2 was granted Food and Drug Administration approval based on its ability to produce durable complete responses in a small number of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the substantial toxicity and limited efficacy that is associated with IL-2 has narrowed its application to highly selected patients treated at specialized centers. In recent years, the relative merits of low- and high-dose cytokine regimens have been clarified by the results of 4 randomized trials. Taken together, these studies suggest that high-dose IV bolus IL-2 is superior in terms of...
Source: Cancer Journal - September 1, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: McDermott DF, Atkins MB Tags: Cancer J Source Type: journals

Prospective Comparison of Sorafenib and Sunitinib for Second-Line Treatment of Cytokine-Refractory Kidney Cancer Patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Both TKIs showed comparable clinical benefits. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk groups can help determine which patients might benefit from alternative drug treatments. PMID: 18714170 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)
Source: Oncology - August 20, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Herrmann E, Bierer S, Gerss J, Köpke T, Hertle L, Wülfing C Tags: Oncology Source Type: journals

MIF in autoimmunity and novel therapeutic approaches.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multipotent cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Since anti-cytokine therapy is considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy, selective targeting of MIF with either anti-MIF antibody or specific chemical MIF inhibitors might offer new therapeutic avenues for these disorders. Considering the unique relationship between MIF and glucocorticoids, therapeutic antagonism of MIF could also represent an effective approach for steroid-sparing therapies in patients with refractory autoimmune diseases. PMID: 18721909 [...
Source: Autoimmunity Reviews - August 19, 2008 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stosic-Grujicic S, Stojanovic I, Nicoletti F Tags: Autoimmun Rev Source Type: journals

Renal cell carcinoma: the translation of molecular biology into new treatments, new patient outcomes, and nursing implications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the biologic basis of RCC has led to therapies that are transforming the goals for treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic disease and increasing time to progression with manageable side effects. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Counseling patients and managing treatment-related side effects of therapy are critical interventions for healthcare professionals caring for patients with RCC. Evolving treatments for metastatic disease are providing better options for patients and changing disease management. PMID: 18591174 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Oncology Nursing Forum)
Source: Oncology Nursing Forum - July 1, 2008 Category: Nursing Authors: Moldawer NP, Figlin R Tags: Oncol Nurs Forum Source Type: journals

Current status of debulking nephrectomy in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) has an established role against metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in properly selected patients and offers a survival advantage when performed prior to cytokine therapy. With the emergence of new, effective targeted molecular therapies for mRCC, well-designed prospective trials are needed to clarify the biologic effects of CN to determine when and for whom CN should be performed in the context of targeted systemic therapy. Consequently, a thorough characterization of the systemic effects afforded by CN is imperative for developing individualized treatment strategi...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 24, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Current Oncology Reports Source Type: journals

The current role of immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapeuticsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The migration from cytokine therapy to the use of recently approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and targeted therapeutic strategies may deprive some patients of a chance for long-term survival, as many clinicians now see these new agents as “easy fixes’ for treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC). New developments pertaining to the mechanism, patient selection, predictive biomarkers, and administration of interleukin-2 mandate a reassessment of the clinical landscape and the clinical trial information upon which our current practices are based. Recalibration of the scales that we use to weigh the var...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 24, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Current Oncology Reports Source Type: journals

The future of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Single agent or combination?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The past 3 years have delivered positive phase 3 trial results for sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, and bevacizumab in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The benefit of these therapies has been best defined as either first-line therapy or following cytokine therapy in patients with clear cell RCC. In light of the differences in the molecular targets of each agent, there is reason to believe that sequential single-agent therapy or regimens combining these agents could extend the benefits observed in the reported randomized trials. However, to date, few data have been reported supporting either strategy. ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 24, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Current Oncology Reports Source Type: journals

Conference report: Lapatinib demonstrates equivalent efficacy to hormone therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study 416 patients with advanced RCC who had experienced disease progression after first-line cytokine therapy were randomised to lapatinib 1,250 mg daily or HT with megestrol acetate or tamoxifen. The primary end point, median time to progression (TTP) was 15.3 weeks for lapatinib and 15.4 weeks for HT (HR= 0.94; P = 0 .60). Median OS was 46.9 weeks for lapatinib and 43.1 weeks for HT (HR = 0.88; P = 0.29). In a biomarker analysis of patients with EGFR-over expressed tumours (n = 241) median TTP was 15.1 weeks for lapatinib and 10.9 weeks for HT (HR = 0.76; P =0 .06), and median OS was 46.0 weeks for lapatinib...
Source: NeLM news - Cancer - June 11, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: 8.3.2 Progestogens, Cancer: Kidney, Renal medicine Source Type: organizations

Physiological functions of tumor necrosis factor and the consequences of its pathologic overexpression or blockade: Mouse models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
TNF is an exciting cytokine which has helped to establish many paradigms in immunology. Although TNF itself has found only very limited use in the clinic, anti-cytokine therapy, which targets this single molecule, has enjoyed astounding success in treatment of a growing number of human diseases. However, since TNF mediates unique physiologic functions, in particular those related to host defense, TNF blockade may result in unwanted consequences. Much of our understanding about TNF intrinsic functions in the body, as well as about consequences of its overexpression and ablation, is based on studying phenotypes of variou...
Source: Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews - May 23, 2008 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kruglov AA, Kuchmiy A, Grivennikov SI, Tumanov AV, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA Tags: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev Source Type: journals

[Genitourinary Cancer] Lapatinib Versus Hormone Therapy in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase III Clinical TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Lapatinib was well tolerated with equivalent overall efficacy to HT in advanced RCC patients who had experienced disease progression while receiving cytokines, and the study supports that lapatinib prolonged OS relative to HT in patients with 3+ EGFR status determined by IHC. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 8, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ravaud, Hawkins, Gardner, von der Maase, Zantl, Harper, Rolland, Audhuy, Machiels, Petavy, Gore, Schoffski, El-Hariry Tags: Genitourinary Cancer Source Type: journals

[General Thoracic Surgery] Extension of survival by resection of asynchronous renal cell carcinoma metastases to mediastinal lymph nodesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Resection of renal cell carcinoma mediastinal lymph node metastases is safe, appears to extend survival, and should be considered an important component of treating patients with renal cell carcinoma who have asynchronous mediastinal lymph node metastases. (Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - May 1, 2008 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Whitson, B. A., Groth, S. S., Andrade, R. S., Garrett, L., Dudek, A. Z., Jessurun, J., Maddaus, M. A. Tags: Mediastinum General Thoracic Surgery Source Type: journals

A Large Open Label, Non-Comparative, Phase III Study Of The Multi-Targeted Kinase Inhibitor Sorafenib In European PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
UroToday.com - Dr. Verzoni presented a trial to collect safety and efficacy data on sorafenib from a large and broad study population reflecting clinical practice. This nonrandomized, open-label study included male and female patients, aged â¥18, with an ECOG PS 0 2 and a life expectancy >2 months. Patients had to be unsuitable for or have failed prior cytokine therapy. Controlled, asymptomatic brain metastases were allowed. (Source: Cancer / Oncology News From Medical News Today)
Source: Cancer / Oncology News From Medical News Today - April 6, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

The role and target potential of protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are attractive targets for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Activated via gain-of-function point mutations or overexpression, several PTPases have been identified as critical oncogenic molecules in human malignancies that may be targeted with small chemical inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy. Tumor suppressor PTPases have also been discovered as contributing factors in cancer development that may be targeted via intervention of downstream signaling events for therapeutic purposes. In addition, PTPases have been identified as key negative regulators of c...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 29, 2008 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Current Oncology Reports Source Type: journals

An Antibiotic-Responsive Mouse Model of Fulminant Ulcerative ColitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Paul Allen and colleagues describe the development of a mouse model of fulminant ulcerative colitis with multiple genetic hits in immune regulation which can be moderated by anti-cytokine therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. (Source: PLoS Medicine)
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 25, 2008 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: journals

Papillary renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathological characteristics in 40 patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion PRCCs include two distinct morphological types of tumor and type-2 PRCCs tends to have unfavorable features in comparison with type-1 PRCCs. These results support the clinical basis for the need to perform morphological subtyping of PRCCs when clinically evaluating such patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10157-008-0041-xAuthors Takeo Kosaka, Keio University School of Medicine Department of Urology 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanShuji Mikami, Keio University School of Medicine Department of Pathology 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku To...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - March 7, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology Source Type: journals

Establishing the role of cytokine therapy in advanced renal cell carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BJU International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Tribute to Professor Pieter De Mulder, from Martin Gore Pieter and I were often pitted against each other in debates at international meetings on the role of cytokine therapy. The truth is that there was little disagreement between us, but we both ... (Source: BJU International)
Source: BJU International - February 15, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: article Source Type: journals

Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia (Alopecia Areata) in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autoimmune alopecia (alopecia areata) is considered to be triggered by a collapse of immune privilege in hair follicles. Here we confirmed that infiltrating CD4 T lymphocytes around hair follicles of patients with alopecia areata were primarily CCR5-positive with few CCR4-positive cells, suggesting a dominant role of Th1 cells in the alopecic lesion. Given this finding, we sought to elucidate the effect of cytokine therapy in C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse model of alopecia areata, by applying recombinant interleukin-4 and neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma antibody. We found that local injections of both interleukin-4 and neut...
Source: Am J Pathol - February 2, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Nakamura M, Jo JI, Tabata Y, Ishikawa O Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: journals

Economic evaluation of sunitinib malate in second-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Finland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this cost-effectiveness analysis, sunitinib is potentially cost-effective as a second-line treatment of mRCC compared with the treatment currently practiced in Finnish hospitals. The ICER (euro/QALY gained) obtained in the present study was less than the value considered suitable for novel oncology treatments. PMID: 18343276 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - February 1, 2008 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Purmonen T, Martikainen JA, Soini EJ, Kataja V, Vuorinen RL, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: journals