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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

An elevated serum miR-141 level in patients with bone-metastatic prostate cancer is correlated with more bone lesions.
Abstract The skeleton is the most common metastatic organ in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Non-invasive biomarkers that can facilitate the detection and monitoring of bone metastases are highly desirable. We designed this study to assess the expression patterns of serum miR-141 in patients with bone-metastatic PCa. Serum samples were collected to measure the miR-141 level in 56 patients, including six with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 20 with localized PCa and 30 with bone-metastatic PCa (10 with hormone-naive PCa, 10 with hormone-sensitive PCa and 10 with hormone-refractory PCa). A bone scan was perf...
Source: Asian Journal of Andrology - February 4, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Zhang HL, Qin XJ, Cao DL, Zhu Y, Yao XD, Zhang SL, Dai B, Ye DW Tags: Asian J Androl Source Type: research

B4 androgen ablation: attacking the prostate cancer stem cell
There is increasing evidence that prostate cancers in rodent models and in men contain a cellular subpopulation that displays stem cell properties. These prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) lack androgen receptor expression and are increased in castration-resistant disease. In this issue of the JCI, a study from Yoshioka et al. demonstrates that PCSCs are regulated by a pathway in which α6β4 integrin amplifies signaling through ErbB2 and c-Met receptors. Targeting this pathway provides a novel therapeutic strategy for hormone refractory prostate cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation)
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 26, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Max S. Wicha Source Type: research

EGF Induces EPLIN Protein Degradation during EMT [Protein Synthesis and Degradation]
This study elucidated a novel molecular mechanism for EGF regulation of EMT and invasiveness in PCa cells, indicating that blockade of EGF signaling could be beneficial in preventing and retarding PCa metastasis at early stages. (Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry)
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 18, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Zhang, S., Wang, X., Iqbal, S., Wang, Y., Osunkoya, A. O., Chen, Z., , Shin, D. M., Yuan, H., Wang, Y. A., Zhau, H. E., Chung, L. W. K., Ritenour, C., Kucuk, O., Wu, D. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Phase III study of 2-weekly versus 3-weekly docetaxel for castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer
Source: Lancet Oncology Area: News According to the results of a Phase III study published early online in The Lancet Oncology, a 2-weekly docetaxel regimen was well tolerated and improved time to treatment failure compared with the standard 3-weekly regimen in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The authors note that androgen deprivation is a standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer; it is not however curative and most patients develop castration-resistant disease within a median of 2 years. Several treatment options are available for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, including ...
Source: NeLM - News - January 7, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Contemporaneous comparison of open vs minimally‐invasive radical prostatectomy for high‐risk prostate cancer
Conclusions At an experienced centre, MIRP is comparable to open radical prostatectomy for HRPC with respect to surgical margin status and biochemical recurrence. (Source: BJU International)
Source: BJU International - January 1, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Phillip M. Pierorazio, Jeffrey K. Mullins, John B. Eifler, Kipp Voth, Elias S. Hyams, Misop Han, Christian P. Pavlovich, Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Alan W. Partin, Mohamad E. Allaf, Edward M. Schaeffer Tags: Urological Oncology Source Type: research

Inhibition of Constitutive Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling Attenuates Androgen Independent Signaling and Growth in (C4-2) Prostate Cancer Cells.
Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. AhR mediates the biochemical and toxic effects of a number of polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8,-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). AhR is widely known for regulating the transcription of drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the xenobiotic metabolism of carcinogens and therapeutic agents, such as cytochrome P450-1B1 (CYP1B1). Additionally, AhR has also been reported to interact with multiple signaling pathways during prostate development. Here we investigate the effect of sustained AhR signal...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - December 21, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tran C, Richmond O, Aaron L, Powell JB Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Analysis of a novel synergistic relationship between the FK506 binding protein FKBP52 and beta catenin in androgen receptor signaling pathways
Hormone-dependent cancers depend largely on folding and regulation by a chaperone-steroid receptor complex. The final stage of the receptor-chaperone complex consists of a receptor, a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) dimer, p23, and an immunophilin. Hormone-dependent prostate cancer progresses due to key interactions between the androgen receptor complex and the ligand dihydrotestosterone. While current treatments block androgen receptor-ligand interactions, these therapies are no longer effective in advanced stage, hormone independent prostate cancer (HRPC), when the receptor is activated even in miniscule levels of hormone....
Source: Cancer Research - December 17, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Storer, C., Olivares, K., Fletterick, R., Webb, P., Cox, M. Tags: Poster Session 5 - Tumor Cell and Molecular Biology: Cellular Mechanisms Source Type: research

Sensitivity and mechanisms of taxol-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma cells to Vernonia amygdalina extract.
This study shows that TAX-resistant PC-3 cells are sensitive to VA, perhaps explained by differential regulatory patterns of MAPK, c-Myc, AKT, and Pgp activities/expressions. PMID: 23238229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology)
Source: Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology - December 10, 2012 Category: Pathology Authors: Cameron KS, Howard CB, Izevbigie EB, Hill BJ, Tchounwou PB Tags: Exp Toxicol Pathol Source Type: research

Plumbagin inhibits prostate cancer development in TRAMP mice via targeting PKC{varepsilon}, Stat3 and neuroendocrine markers
Plumbagin (PL), 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, is a quinoid constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. (also known as chitrak). PL has also been found in Juglans regia (English Walnut), Juglans cinerea (whitenut) and Juglans nigra (blacknut). The roots of P. zeylanica have been used in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for more than 2500 years for the treatment of various types of ailments. We were the first to report that PL inhibits the growth and invasion of hormone refractory prostate cancer (PCa) cells [Aziz,M.H. et al. (2008) Plumbagin, a medicinal plant-derived naph...
Source: Carcinogenesis - November 30, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hafeez, B. B., Zhong, W., Mustafa, A., Fischer, J. W., Witkowsky, O., Verma, A. K. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Clinical Trials Have Shown Anti-Tumor Activity With New Targeted Therapy For Advanced Prostate Cancer
Few available treatment options exist once prostate cancer has spread to other parts of the body and has failed to respond to therapies that involve blocking the male hormone androgen. Patients with advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer usually die from the disease after 12 to 18 months, so new therapies are desperately needed... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 9, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Prostate / Prostate Cancer Source Type: news

New targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer shows anti-tumour activity in phase I clinical trials
Few available treatment options exist once prostate cancer has spread to other parts of the body and has failed to respond to therapies that involve blocking the male hormone androgen. Patients with advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer usually die from the disease after 12 to 18 months, so new therapies are desperately needed. Researchers are reporting that a new drug that specifically targets a protein found on the surface of prostate cancer cells has performed well in a phase I clinical trial, and a phase II trial has started. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 7, 2012 Category: Science Source Type: news

New Agents for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (November).
CONCLUSIONS:The advent of new agents for the management of advanced CRPC has increased the choices for patients whose options were limited. Additional experience will determine the optimal sequencing of these agents, their roles in combination therapy, and their activity in patients with earlier disease. PMID: 23136351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - November 7, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cersosimo RJ Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

New targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer shows anti-tumor activity in clinical trials
(ECCO-the European CanCer Organisation) At the 24th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics in Dublin, Ireland, researchers will report that a new drug that specifically targets a protein found on the surface of prostate cancer cells has performed well in a phase I clinical trial, and a phase II trial has started. The drug is being tested in patients with advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer, who usually die from the disease after 12 to 18 months, and who have few treatment options available. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - November 7, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Salvage Lymph Node Dissection with Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Nodal Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
Conclusions: Based on 11C/18F-choline positron emission tomography-computerized tomography as a diagnostic tool, salvage lymph node dissection is feasible for the treatment of nodal recurrence of prostate cancer. Most patients experience biochemical recurrence after salvage lymph node dissection. However, a specific population has a lasting complete prostate specific antigen response. (Source: The Journal of Urology)
Source: The Journal of Urology - October 18, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: C.A. Jilg, H.C. Rischke, S.N. Reske, K. Henne, A.-L. Grosu, W. Weber, V. Drendel, M. Schwardt, A. Jandausch, W. Schultze-Seemann Tags: Oncology: Prostate/Testis/Penis/Urethra Source Type: research

Increased expression of activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to antiandrogen resistance in prostate cancer cells by suppressing androgen receptor transactivation
Highlights: ► We developed an in vitro model LNCaP-BC of antiandrogen-resistant prostate cancer cells by long-term bicalutamide treatment. ► Increased expression of activated eNOS and NO production is acquired in bicalutamide-resistant LNCaP-BC cells. ► Clinical hormone-refractory prostate cancer also shows increased eNOS expression pattern. ► Increased NO production suppresses AR activity and contributes to antiandrogen-resistant and androgen-insensitive growth. ► Antiandrogen-resistance and suppressed AR transactivation in LNCaP-BC cells can be attenuated by inhibition of NOS activity.Abstract: Development of a...
Source: Cancer Letters - October 11, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shan Yu, Lin Jia, Yan Zhang, Dinglan Wu, Zhenyu Xu, Chi-Fai Ng, Kenneth K.W. To, Yu Huang, Franky L. Chan Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

A Management of Blunt Thoracic Trauma in an Emergency Department Observation Unit: Pre-post Observational Study: Menditto V, Gabrielli B, Marcosignori M. J Trauma 2012;72:222–8.
This study compared the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of management of blunt thoracic trauma in an Emergency Department observation unit (EDOU) vs. routine care. The study was a retrospective before-and-after study of consecutive patients with isolated blunt thoracic trauma at a high risk of pulmonary complications (HRPC-BTT: ≥ 3 isolated rib fractures, sternal fracture, single or few pulmonary contusions or minimal pneumothorax) at a Level II Trauma Center in a regional teaching hospital. The primary intervention was the implementation of an EDOU, and the measured outcomes were death rate, tube thoracostomy, re-admis...
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Dowin Boatright Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Krüppel-like factor 8 is a novel androgen receptor co-activator in human prostate cancer.
Conclusion:The results demonstrate that KLF8 is a novel AR transcriptional co-activator that is overexpressed in PCa and may play a role in progression of hormone-refractory PCa. PMID: 23023312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - October 1, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: He HJ, Gu XF, Xu WH, Yang DJ, Wang XM, Su Y Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Specific pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer metastasis.
Abstract Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a natural product that inhibits prostate cancer progression. A clinical trial on patients with recurrent prostate cancer resulted in none of the patients progressing to a metastatic stage during the period of the trial. We have previously found that, in addition to causing cell death of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells, PJ also markedly increases adhesion and decreases migration of the cells that do not die. However, because PJ is a very complex mixture of components and is found in many different formulations, it is important to identify specific components that are effec...
Source: Translational Oncology - October 1, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang L, Ho J, Glackin C, Martins-Green M Tags: Transl Oncol Source Type: research

c-Met inhibitor SU11274 enhances the response of the prostate cancer cell line DU145 to ionizing radiation.
Abstract Hormone-refractory prostate cancer shows substantial resistance to most conventional therapies including radiotherapy, constitutes a key impediment to curing patients with the disease. c-Met overexpression plays a key role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that c-Met inhibition could significantly suppress cell survival and proliferation as well as enhance the radiosensitivity of DU145 cells. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of SU11274 on DU145 cells may include the inhibition of c-Met signaling, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, im...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - September 28, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yu H, Li X, Sun S, Gao X, Zhou D Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Increased expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis of prostate cancer
Conclusions: In this study, it was discovered that the overexpression of GOLPH3 is associated with the transition of prostate cancer from hormone sensitive phase to hormone refractory phase. GOLPH3 might be an important prognostic factor of DFS and OS in patients with prostate cancer. In totality, GOLPH3 could be used as a novel candidate in devising a more effective therapeutic strategy to tackle CRPC.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1452541171722856 (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Diagnostic Pathology - September 24, 2012 Category: Pathology Authors: Xing HuaWenhai PanZhi ZhangLi RuanXiaoxiao HuangZexiao LiaoQi XianLi FangLina Yu Source Type: research

Integration of ERα-PELP1-HER2 signaling by LSD1 (KDM1A/AOF2) offers combinatorial therapeutic opportunities to circumventing hormone resistance in breast cancer
LSD1, an epigenetic modifier, and PELP1, an estrogen receptor co-activator, integrate estrogen receptor ERα and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to promote aromatase expression and hormone resistance in a preclinical model of post-menopausal breast cancer. In the previous issue of Breast Cancer Research, Cortez et al. show, for the first time, that knockdown or drug-mediated inhibition of PELP1 or LSD1 suppresses LSD1-mediated transcriptionally activating histone marks at ERα target genes, inhibits aromatase gene expression, and sensitizes hormone refractory breast cancer cells to tamoxifen or letrozole treatments...
Source: Breast Cancer Research - September 17, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Idriss Bennani-Baiti Source Type: research

Phosphorylation of the androgen receptor by PIM1 in hormone refractory prostate cancer
rabedian & S K Logan (Source: Oncogene)
Source: Oncogene - September 17, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: S HaN J IqbalP MitaR RuoffW L GeraldH LeporS S TanejaP LeeJ MelamedM J GarabedianS K Logan Tags: PIM1 AR phosphorylation prostate cancer hormone refractory Source Type: research

Integration of ERalpha-PELP1-HER2 signaling by LSD1 (KDM1A / AOF2) offers combinatorial therapeutic opportunities to circumventing hormone resistance in breast cancer
LSD1, an epigenetic modifier, and PELP1, an estrogen receptor co-activator, integrate estrogen receptor ERalpha and HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to promote aromatase expression and hormone resistance in a preclinical model of post-menopausal breast cancer. In the current issue of Breast Cancer Research, Cortez et al. show, for the first time, that knockdown or drug-mediated inhibition of PELP1 or LSD1 suppress LSD1-mediated transcriptionally activating histone marks at ERalpha target genes, inhibit aromatase gene expression, and sensitize hormone refractory breast cancer cells to tamoxifen or letrozole treatment...
Source: Breast Cancer Research - September 17, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Idriss Bennani-Baiti Source Type: research

Suppression of Acquired Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer through Depletion of Notch- and Hedgehog-Dependent Tumor-Initiating Cells
Josep Domingo-Domenech, Samuel J. Vidal, Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo, Mireia Castillo-Martin, S. Aidan Quinn, Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco, Dennis M. Bonal, Elizabeth Charytonowicz, Nataliya Gladoun, Janis de la Iglesia-Vicente, Daniel P. Petrylak, Mitchell C. Benson, Jose M. Silva, Carlos Cordon-Cardo. Acquired resistance to Docetaxel precedes fatality in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, strategies that target Docetaxel resistant cells remain elusive. Using in vitro and in viv.... (Source: Cancer Cell)
Source: Cancer Cell - September 10, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Cabazitaxel: A Novel Drug for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer.
Abstract Cabazitaxel is recently approved by FDA for the treatment of docetaxel resistant hormone-refractory prostate cancer. It has been developed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name of Jevtana. It is given in combination with prednisone/prednisolone and has passed the clinical trial over well-known drug mitoxantrone. This drug is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor, which can penetrate blood brain barrier (BBB). The FDA granted fast track designation to this drug in November 2009 and thereafter, new drug application submission was done in March 2010. Priority review to this drug was granted in April 2010 ...
Source: Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry - September 4, 2012 Category: Chemistry Authors: Malhotra M, Dhingra R, Sharma T, Deep A, Narasimhan B, Phogat P, Sharma PC Tags: Mini Rev Med Chem Source Type: research

Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for neurological recovery after surgery for metastatic spinal cord compression in prostate cancer.
Conclusion. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment of spinal cord compression in prostate cancer patients is crucial for neurological recovery. Raising awareness of the condition among patients at risk and among physicians is of outmost importance as well as improving local and regional guidelines for treatment. PMID: 22943387 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)
Source: Acta Oncologica - September 3, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Crnalic S, Hildingsson C, Bergh A, Widmark A, Svensson O, Löfvenberg R Tags: Acta Oncol Source Type: research

Preface
Barely 10 years ago, our primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer revolved completely around surgical or medical castration. Once a patient failed, there was little to offer them. The state of prostate cancer treatment has shifted dramatically over the past decade. With the FDA's approval of docetaxel for the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer, the era of nihilism toward advanced prostate cancer ended. It has been replaced by a much more complex landscape, which, while offering the promise of prolongation of life, is often confusing to both physician and patient. Instead of having nothing to offer, we ...
Source: Urologic Clinics of North America - August 31, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Adam S. Kibel Source Type: research

Population pharmacokinetic modeling of Sepantronium bromide (YM155), a small molecule survivin suppressant, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, hormone refractory prostate cancer, or unresectable stage III or IV melanoma
Conclusions The results provide the important information for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing the toxicity for sepantronium in cancer therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PHASE II STUDIESPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10637-012-9867-xAuthors Yumiko Aoyama, Clinical Pharmacology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1, Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanAtsunori Kaibara, Clinical Pharmacology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1, Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanAkitsugu Takada, Clinical Pharmacology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1, Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanTetsuya Nishimura, Clinica...
Source: Investigational New Drugs - August 15, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Investigational New Drugs Source Type: research

Poly[3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) glyceric acid] from Comfrey exerts anti-cancer efficacy against human prostate cancer via targeting androgen receptor, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
The major obstacles in human prostate cancer (PCA) treatment are the development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy leading to hormone-refractory state and the toxicity associated with chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, the identification of additional non-toxic agents that are effective against both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCA is needed. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a novel phytochemical poly[3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (p-DGA) from Caucasian species of comfrey (Symphytum caucasicum) and its synthetic derivative syn-2, 3-dihydroxy-3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) propioni...
Source: Carcinogenesis - August 13, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sangeeta, S., Gagan, D., Kumaraguruparan, R., Komal, R., Vakhtang, B., Maia, M., Lali, G., Lela, A., Karen, M., Kyriakos, P., Chapla, A., Rajesh, A. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Post-translational modifications of nuclear receptors and human disease.
Abstract Nuclear receptors (NR) impact a myriad of physiological processes including homeostasis, reproduction, development, and metabolism. NRs are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTM) that markedly impact receptor function. Recent studies have identified NR PTMs that are involved in the onset and progression of human diseases, including cancer. The majority of evidence linking NR PTMs with disease has been demonstrated for phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor �...
Source: Nucl Recept Signal - August 11, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Anbalagan M, Huderson B, Murphy L, Rowan BG Tags: Nucl Recept Signal Source Type: research

Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) targeting therapies for endocrine refractory or resistant metastatic breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall patient benefit from adding bevacizumab to first- and second-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer can at best be considered as modest. It is dependent on the type of chemotherapy used and limited to a prolongation of PFS and response rates in both first- and second-line therapy, both surrogate parameters. In contrast, bevacizumab has no significant impact on the patient-related secondary outcomes of OS or QoL, which indicate a direct patient benefit. For this reason, the clinical value of bevacizumab for metastatic breast cancer remains controversial. PMID: 22786517 [PubMed - in proces...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 9, 2012 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Wagner AD, Thomssen C, Haerting J, Unverzagt S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Inhibition of IGF-1 signaling by genistein: modulation of E-cadherin expression and downregulation of β-catenin signaling in hormone refractory PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
Abstract Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are associated with an increased risk of several different cancers, including prostate cancer. Inhibition of IGF-1 and the downstream signaling pathways mediated by the activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) may be involved in inhibiting prostate carcinogenesis. We investigated whether genistein downregulated the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway and inhibited cell growth in hormone refractory PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Genistein treatment caused a significant inhibition of IGF-1-stimulated cell growth. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that genistein...
Source: Nutrition and Cancer - August 6, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lee J, Ju J, Park S, Hong SJ, Yoon S Tags: Nutr Cancer Source Type: research

The neuropeptide 26RFa is expressed in human prostate cancer and stimulates the neuroendocrine differentiation and the migration of androgeno-independent prostate cancer cells
Conclusion: The present data indicate that 26RFa may participate to the development of CaP at the AI state by promoting the neuroendocrine differentiation and the migration of cancer cells via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. (Source: European Journal of Cancer)
Source: European Journal of Cancer - August 6, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jessy Alonzeau, David Alexandre, Lydie Jeandel, Maïté Courel, Coralie Hautot, Fatima-Zohra El Yamani, Françoise Gobet, Jérôme Leprince, Rabia Magoul, Afaf Amarti, Christian Pfister, Laurent Yon, Youssef Anouar, Nicolas Chartrel Tags: Basic and preclinical research Source Type: research

CK2 regulates ATF4 and CHOP transcription within the cellular stress response signalling pathway.
Abstract Protein kinase CK2 is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase. The protein levels along with CK2 activity are highly elevated in tumour cells where it protects cells from apoptosis. Accordingly, inhibition of CK2 is known to induce programmed cell death, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. Analysis of the different behaviour of hormone sensitive LNCaP cells and hormone refractory PC-3 cells after CK2 inhibition revealed CHOP ((C/EBP)-homologous protein) induction and therefore probably ER stress as crucial for apoptosis in the LNCaP cells. In the present study we investigated which p...
Source: Cellular Signalling - August 4, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Schneider CC, Ampofo E, Montenarh M Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Correction: YM155, a Novel Small-Molecule Survivin Suppressant, Induces Regression of Established Human Hormone-Refractory Prostate Tumor Xenografts
(Source: Cancer Research)
Source: Cancer Research - July 31, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) targeting therapies for endocrine refractory or resistant metastatic breast cancer
Source: Cochrane Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Background Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of angiogenesis. VEGF-targeting therapies have shown significant benefits and been successfully integrated in routine clinical practice for other types of cancer, such as metastatic colorectal cancer. By contrast, individual trial results in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are highly variable and their value is controversial. Objectives To evaluate the benefits (in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) and harms (toxicity) of VEGF-targeting ...
Source: NeLM - Drug Class Focused Reviews - July 30, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) targeting
Source: Cochrane Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Background Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of angiogenesis. VEGF-targeting therapies have shown significant benefits and been successfully integrated in routine clinical practice for other types of cancer, such as metastatic colorectal cancer. By contrast, individual trial results in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are highly variable and their value is controversial. Objectives To evaluate the benefits (in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)) and harms (toxicity) of VEGF-targeting therap...
Source: NeLM - Drug Class Focused Reviews - July 30, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Myb overexpression overrides androgen depletion-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and confers aggressive malignant traits: potential role in castration resistance
Myb, a cellular progenitor of v-Myb oncogenes, is amplified in prostate cancer and exhibits greater amplification frequency in hormone-refractory disease. Here, we have investigated the functional significance of Myb in prostate cancer. Our studies demonstrate Myb expression in all prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2, PC3 and DU145) examined, whereas it is negligibly expressed in normal/benign prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1 and RWPE2). Notably, Myb is significantly upregulated, both at transcript (>60-fold) and protein (>15-fold) levels, in castration-resistant (C4-2) cells as compared with androgen-dependent (...
Source: Carcinogenesis - July 3, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Srivastava, S. K., Bhardwaj, A., Singh, S., Arora, S., McClellan, S., Grizzle, W. E., Reed, E., Singh, A. P. Tags: NONE Source Type: research

Split-course RT valuable after hormone-resistant prostate cancer relapse
A split course of high-dose radiotherapy in men with progressive, hormone-refractory prostate cancer is effective and has an acceptable toxicity profile, report Australian researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Prostate Cancer)
Source: MedWire News - Prostate Cancer - June 20, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Genomic Deletion of PTEN Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Early PSA Recurrence in ERG Fusion-Positive and Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancer.
Abstract The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene is often altered in prostate cancer. To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of the different mechanisms of PTEN inactivation, we analyzed PTEN deletions in TMAs containing 4699 hormone-naÃÂ¯ve and 57 hormone-refractory prostate cancers using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. PTEN mutations and methylation were analyzed in subsets of 149 and 34 tumors, respectively. PTEN deletions were present in 20.2% (458/2266) of prostate cancers, including 8.1% heterozygous and 12.1% homozygous deletions, and were link...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - June 12, 2012 Category: Pathology Authors: Krohn A, Diedler T, Burkhardt L, Mayer PS, De Silva C, Meyer-Kornblum M, KÃÂ¶tschau D, Tennstedt P, Huang J, GerhÃÂ¤user C, Mader M, Kurtz S, Sirma H, Saad F, Steuber T, Graefen M, Plass C, Sauter G, Simon R, Minner S, Schlomm T Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

[Obesity and prostate cancer : Role of adipocytokines and clinical implications.]
[Obesity and prostate cancer : Role of adipocytokines and clinical implications.] Urologe A. 2012 Jun 7; Authors: Hoda MR, Mohammed N, Theil G, Fischer K, Fornara P Abstract Obesity is proposed as a possible risk factor for many tumors. The present review discusses the current knowledge on the clinical and biological impact of obesity on the development and progression of prostate cancer, the role of adipocyte-derived hormones (adipocytokines) in this scenario and the resulting clinical implications. In addition, the results of own experimental and clinical studies on the involvement of adipocytokines (e.g....
Source: Der Urologe. Ausg. A - June 7, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Hoda MR, Mohammed N, Theil G, Fischer K, Fornara P Tags: Urologe A Source Type: research

Ardisianone, a natural benzoquinone, efficiently induces apoptosis in human hormone‐refractory prostate cancers through mitochondrial damage stress and survivin downregulation
CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that the ardisianone induces apoptosis in human prostate cancers through mitochondrial damage stress, leading to the inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K pathway, downregulation of Bcl‐2 family members, degradation of survivin, and activation of caspase cascades. The data provide evidence supporting that ardisianone is a potential anticancer agent against HRPCs. Prostate © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Prostate)
Source: The Prostate - June 5, 2012 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Chia‐Chun Yu, Ping‐Jung Wu, Jui‐Ling Hsu, Yunn‐Fang Ho, Lih‐Ching Hsu, Yu‐Jia Chang, Hsun‐Shuo Chang, Ih‐Sheng Chen, Jih‐Hwa Guh Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Pseudolaric acid B induces apoptosis via proteasome-mediated Bcl-2 degradation in hormone-refractory prostate cancer DU145 cells.
Abstract Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a natural diterpene acid present in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tu-Jin-Pi, exerted anticancer effects on various cancer cells. However, the effect of PAB on DU145 cells, an in vitro model of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), has not been reported previously. In the study, PAB significantly suppressed proliferation of DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner without obvious cytotoxicity. IC(50) values of 0.89 ± 0.18 and 0.76 ± 0.15 μM at 48h was determined by Cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay and clone formation assay, respectively. PAB also induced DU145 cells a...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - June 1, 2012 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhao D, Lin F, Wu X, Zhao Q, Zhao B, Lin P, Zhang Y, Yu X Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Men With Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Benefit From Cabazitaxel When Docetaxel Is No Longer An Option
Cabazitaxel (trade name: Jevtana®) has been approved since March 2011 in men with metastatic prostate cancer who no longer respond to conventional therapy with hormone blockers and have already been pre-treated with the cytostatic drug docetaxel. In an early benefit assessment pursuant to the "Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products" (AMNOG), the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) examined whether cabazitaxel offers an added benefit compared with the present standard therapy... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 31, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Prostate / Prostate Cancer Source Type: news

[News] NICE guidance on cabazitaxel for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen
On May 11, 2012, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidance on cabazitaxel in combination with prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. Cabazitaxel was not considered a cost-effective use of National Health Service (NHS) resources. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)
Source: The Lancet Oncology - May 29, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anwar Jilani, Elisabeth George, Amanda I Adler Tags: News Source Type: research

NICE issues costing statement for its guidance on cabazitaxel for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer
Source: NICE Area: News The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued a costing statement to accompany its final guidance on the use of cabazitaxel for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. NICE states that the implementation of this guidance is unlikely to result in a significant change in resource use in the NHS. NICE has rejected cabazitaxel for this indications. (Source: NeLM - News)
Source: NeLM - News - May 23, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

NICE TA 255: Cabazitaxel for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen
Source: NICE Area: Evidence > Guidelines The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued final guidance rejecting cabazitaxel for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. The guidance makes the following statements (taken directly from source): . Cabazitaxel in combination with prednisone or prednisolone is not recommended for the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. . People currently receiving cabazitaxel in c...
Source: NeLM - Guidelines - May 23, 2012 Category: UK Health Source Type: news

Antiproliferative effects of zinc-citrate compound on hormone refractory prostate cancer
Conclusion Zinc-citrate compound can induce apoptotic cell death in DU145, by caspase-3 activation through up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 124-129DOI 10.1007/s11670-012-0124-9Authors Sung Hoo Hong, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137701 KoreaYong Sun Choi, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137701 KoreaHyuk Jin Cho, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea...
Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer Research - May 22, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Chinese Journal of Cancer Research Source Type: research

UK regulator rules against cabazitaxel in prostate cancer
Treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer with cabazitaxel is not a cost-effective use of National Health Service resources, say new UK guidelines. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)
Source: MedWire News - Oncology - May 20, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Final NICE guidance does not recommend the use of cabazitaxel for the 2nd line treatment of hormone refractory, metastatic prostate cancer
Source: NICE Area: News Final guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) does not recommend cabazitaxel in combination with prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. The appraisal committee considered the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £87,500 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained as the starting point for its decision. The Committee further noted that there remains considerable uncertainty in the robustness of this ICER because the utility value...
Source: NeLM - News - May 11, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news