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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: The Respiratory Manifestations of Systemic Haemophilus influenzae Infection
Walker SH. J Pediatr 1963;62:386-91 By the early 1960s, both encapsulated and nonencapsulated (so-called “nontypeable”) Haemophilus influenzae had been shown to be frequent colonizers of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and to be associated with respiratory tract disease in a variety of situations. The degree of respiratory tract involvement in cases of invasive H influenzae type b (Hib) infection was not well defined, however. In this article, Walker characterized the respiratory tract disease that developed in 45 patients admitted to Mercy Hospital in Baltimore with Hib meningitis and/or bacteremia. He reported that respir...
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - February 28, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Stephen J. Barenkamp Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

A novel technique for reconstruction of the posterior wall of the external auditory canal and tympanum using pedicled temporalis myofascia.
Conclusions: The procedure cleared the lesion completely and preserved the physiological function of the external auditory canal. Objective: To develop a novel surgical procedure to treat chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). To explore the merit of using pedicled temporalis myofascia (PTM) and reconstruction of the posterior wall of the external auditory canal with pedicled postauricular periosteal flap and intact skin of the external auditory canal. Methods: Forty-seven patients with CSOM were chosen. Open radical mastoidectomy was used to complete clean-up lesions; the fascia of PTM was used to repair the tympanic me...
Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica - February 27, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Yu F Tags: Acta Otolaryngol Source Type: research

Pediatricians: Watchful Waiting Best for Ear Infections (CME/CE)
(MedPage Today) -- Stricter diagnostic criteria and broader use of observation to further rein in antibiotic prescribing for acute otitis media emerged in a revision of American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)
Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics - February 25, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: news

Pediatric Ear Infection: Updated AAP Treatment GuidelinesPediatric Ear Infection: Updated AAP Treatment Guidelines
Updated AAP guidelines address the diagnosis and management of uncomplicated acute otitis media in children aged 6 months to 12 years, using more stringent diagnostic criteria. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 25, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pediatrics News Source Type: news

Pediatrics Group Issues Guidelines on Acute Otitis Media
(Source: Physician's First Watch current issue)
Source: Physician's First Watch current issue - February 25, 2013 Category: Primary Care Tags: Medical News Source Type: news

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
(Source: Clinical Otolaryngology)
Source: Clinical Otolaryngology - February 19, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Alice Zon, Geert J Heijden, Thijs MA Dongen, Martin J Burton, Anne GM Schilder Tags: What Other Journals Tell Us Source Type: research

Interleukin-10 levels predict otitis media culprit
Research shows that high serum levels of interleukin-10 indicate that the likely cause of acute otitis media is infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, as opposed to Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. (Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases)
Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases - February 18, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Anaerobes and fungi in chronic suppurative otitis media
Ibekwe AO, al Shareef Z, Benayam A (Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles)
Source: The Aspergillus Website - articles - February 12, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: news

Prevenar 13? suspension for injection (pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine) - Revised SPC
Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Section 4.1 of the SPC has been updated to give the following therapeutic indications: Active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia and acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants and children from 6 weeks to 17 years of age. Active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 50 years and older. Please see SPC link for full prescribing information. (Source: NeLM - SPC Changes)
Source: NeLM - SPC Changes - February 12, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Is nasopharyngoscopy necessary in adult‐onset otitis media with effusion?
(Source: The Laryngoscope)
Source: The Laryngoscope - February 12, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Phat T. Dang, Samuel P. Gubbels Tags: Triological Society Best Practice Source Type: research

Higher Serum Levels of Interleukin 10 Occur at Onset of Acute Otitis Media Caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae Compared to Haemophilus Influenzae and Moraxella Catarrhalis
ConclusionOur study indicates that AOM caused by Spn elicits a significantly higher IL‐10 response compared to NTHi and Mcat and may prove to be a biomarker of AOM infections by Spn. Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2013 (Source: The Laryngoscope)
Source: The Laryngoscope - February 12, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Keyi Liu, Ravinder Kaur, Anthony Almudevar, Michael E. Pichichero Tags: General Otolaryngology Source Type: research

Letter to the Editor regarding “Middle ear fluid characteristics in otitis media with effusion: Concern for fluid analysis”
The recent report on middle ear fluid characteristics in otitis media with effusion is very interesting . Dodson et al. concluded that “The best mucociliary transportability was measured in mucopurulent effusions ”. Indeed, there are many concerns on body fluid analysis including to middle ear fluid analysis in laboratory medicine. As Dodson et al. observed in their experiment, the transportability was different in the group with the first and repeated procedures. It should be noted that the fluid collection procedure is referred as a pre-analytical phase in laboratory quality cycle. The good collection technique is ve...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - February 11, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Viroj Wiwanitkit Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding: Middle ear fluid characteristics in pediatric otitis media with effusion
We are pleased that Professor Wiwanitkit is enthusiastic about this manuscript and has found this information valuable. Thank you for these kind remarks. We support his observation that specimen collection and preservation are as crucial as the analytic techniques employed for obtaining accurate data. This is particularly important when measuring the biophysical properties of small volumes of secretions as shear forces associated with collection, or degradation associated with inappropriate storage can alter the biophysical and transport properties. We have developed a specific procedure for collection and preservation of ...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - February 11, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Bruce K. Rubin, Randall Cohen, Kelley M. Dodson Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

The TIMP-1 expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children
Conclusion: It is difficult to interpret our results. Our findings did not demonstrate changes in TIMP-1 expression according to age. This may indicate that the processes of hyperplasia, hypertrophy and atrophy of adenoid are not influenced by age and support our thesis that adenoid involution is rather the effect of changes in the number of lymphoid follicles that changes in them. However there is a need for further observational studies of TIMPs and MMPs in adenoid tissue. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - February 11, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Marcin Musiatowiwcz, Mariusz Koda, Stanisław Sulkowski Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

The Cephalic Index is not different among groups of children aged 36–48 months with chronic otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media and controls
Conclusions: These results do not support the hypothesis that the Cephalic Index is different between young children with and without OM, but did document differences in Head Width and Circumference among groups. However, the large overlap in each measure for the three groups suggests that none capture sufficient information on Eustachian tube anatomy to predict disease presentation. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - February 11, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Margaretha L. Casselbrant, J. Douglas Swarts, Ellen M. Mandel, William J. Doyle Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Developing Oral Probiotics From Streptococcus salivariusDeveloping Oral Probiotics From Streptococcus salivarius
S. salivarius, the principal bacterium colonizing the oral cavity, shows promise as a probiotic for control of a variety of infections, from halitosis and dental caries to otitis media and candida. Future Microbiology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - February 7, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pathology & Lab Medicine Journal Article Source Type: news

The Impact of 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Literature Review.
CONCLUSIONS: The results from this review illustrate that PCV7 has had a significant impact on IPD across all ages through its use in pediatric immunization programs. With the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) further reductions in the incidence of IPD due to the six additional serotypes included, as well as continued protection against IPD due to PCV7 serotypes may be expected. Robust surveillance systems are essential for the evaluation of the impact of PCV13 on all-type IPD and for monitoring the evolution of non-VT IPD. PMID: 23397399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source...
Source: Advances in Therapy - February 7, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Myint TT, Madhava H, Balmer P, Christopoulou D, Attal S, Menegas D, Sprenger R, Bonnet E Tags: Adv Ther Source Type: research

Everolimus long-term safety and efficacy in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Conclusion: Everolimus therapy is safe and effective for longer term (median exposure 34.2 months) treatment of patients with TSC with SEGA. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that everolimus, titrated to trough serum levels of 5–15 ng/mL, was effective in reducing tumor size in patients with SEGA secondary to TSC for a median of 34 months. (Source: Neurology)
Source: Neurology - February 4, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Krueger, D. A., Care, M. M., Agricola, K., Tudor, C., Mays, M., Franz, D. N. Tags: Primary brain tumor, All Pediatric, All Epilepsy/Seizures, Other neurocutaneous disorders ARTICLE Source Type: research

Symptoms and Otoscopic Signs in Bilateral and Unilateral Acute Otitis Media
Bilateral acute otitis media (AOM) is considered more severe than unilateral AOM, and several guidelines recommend more active management of bilateral AOM. However, severity of symptoms and otoscopic signs of bilateral and unilateral AOM have previously not been comprehensively studied. Bilateral AOM seems to be clinically only a slightly more severe illness than unilateral AOM. When assessing AOM severity, bilaterality should not be used as a determining criterion; instead, the child’s symptoms together with otoscopic signs should also be acknowledged. (Read the full article) (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Symptoms and Otoscopic Signs in Bilateral and Unilateral Acute Otitis Media
CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral AOM seems to be a clinically only slightly more severe illness than unilateral AOM. Therefore, when assessing AOM severity, bilaterality should not be used as a determining criterion; instead, the child’s symptomatic condition together with otoscopic signs should also be taken into consideration. (Source: PEDIATRICS)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Uitti, J. M., Laine, M. K., Tahtinen, P. A., Ruuskanen, O., Ruohola, A. Tags: Surgery Article Source Type: research

Partial ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in rabbits
Six lop rabbits were presented with clinical signs of otitis media or externa. The presence of disease was confirmed by computerized tomography examination, with two rabbits suffering from bilateral disease. The rabbits were anaesthetized and underwent surgery of the affected bulla. Rabbits with bilateral disease had a minimum of 2 weeks between procedures. A single vertical incision was made over the base of the vertical canal, which was bluntly dissected free from surrounding tissue. The ventral portion of the vertical canal was removed and a lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. The mucosa at the base of the dorsal ver...
Source: The Journal of Small Animal Practice - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. Eatwell, E. Mancinelli, J. Hedley, E. Keeble, M. Kovalik, D. A. Yool Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Low dose macrolide administration for long term is effective for otitis media with effusion in children
Conclusions: The results indicate that macrolides are effective for otitis media with effusion in children. Bacterial biofilm may play an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. (Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx)
Source: Auris, Nasus, Larynx - January 31, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kaitian Chen, Xuan Wu, Guangli Jiang, Jintao Du, Hongyan Jiang Tags: Otology/Neurotology Source Type: research

Primary ciliary dyskinesia.
We present a case of 36-year-old woman with the history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiectasis. She was diagnosed with primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome based on her clinical presentation and electron microscopy findings of her bronchial biopsy. PMID: 23362165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Respiratory Care)
Source: Respiratory Care - January 29, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ciftci F, Atilla P, Muftuoglu S, Karnak D Tags: Respir Care Source Type: research

Refractory otitis media: An unusual presentation of childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis
We present a 16‐year‐old girl who, following 6 months of treatment for persistent middle ear effusion with progressive sensorineural hearing loss, developed rapidly progressing pneumonia, with pleural effusion, and multiple cavitatory lung lesions. Investigations demonstrated high titer c‐ANCA and nasal septal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cGPA. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing cGPA and the potentially life‐threatening consequences of failing to do so. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Pulmonology)
Source: Pediatric Pulmonology - January 28, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Preena Uppal, Jonny Taitz, Brynn Wainstein, Marlene Soma, Yvonne Belessis, Paul Gray Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

What is Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy?
Discussion The differential diagnosis for acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is similar to purpura and includes: Vascultitis Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) Drug induced Kawasaki disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Trauma induced Infectious Disease Meningococcemia Sepsis Dermatologic Erythema multiforme Gianotti Crosti Hemorrhagic urticaria Sweet’s syndrome Child maltreatment Neonatal lupus Learning Point Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI, also called Seidlmayer or postinfectious cockade purpura, medallion-like purpura, or Finkelstein’s disease) is an uncommon, self-limited cutaneous leukocy...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 27, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Donna M. D'Alessandro, M.D. Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Isolation and Characterization of Pigmentiphaga- like Isolates from Human Clinical Material.
Abstract Species in the genus Pigmentiphaga are Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods derived exclusively to date from environmental sources. Features of strains most like P. daeguensis or P. kullae from a case of suppurative otitis media in a 6 year old female post transplant recipient and human stool, are described. PMID: 23355312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - January 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bridger N, Drews S, Burdz T, Wiebe D, Pacheco AL, Ng B, Bernard K Tags: J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

A single-step polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nontypeable and serotypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Conclusion: Our multiplex PCR provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for detection of the 4 target organisms. Such assay would serve as a useful tool for clinicians and epidemiologists in their efforts to the proper treatment and disease management caused by these organisms. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Duangkamol Kunthalert, Kritsada Henghiranyawong, Anchalee Sistayanarain, Krissana Khoothiam Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Massilia sp. isolated from otitis media
Abstract: Common bacterial pathogens of otitis media include Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Group A streptococci. We recently isolated a gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium from a patient with otitis media following tympanocentesis. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies of effusion identified this strain (CCUG 43427AT) as Massilia sp. (99.7%). Massilia spp. have been isolated from soil, air, and immunocompromised patients. However, there are no reports of their isolation from cas...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Moo Kyun Park, Hee Bong Shin Tags: Case reports Source Type: research

Hearing 25 years after surgical treatment of otitis media with effusion in early childhood
Conclusions: Hearing 25 years after surgical treatment of chronic OME is not different from age and gender matched normal hearing. In addition, treatment modality (myringotomy or ventilation tube) has no impact on the long-term hearing level. However, atrophy is associated with a hearing loss in tubed ears, whereas myringosclerosis is associated with a hearing loss in myringotomised ears. The hearing loss associated with pathology is of limited magnitude (up to about 5dB PTA). Even though pathology does occur more frequently and more extensively in tubed ears, the effect on the hearing at the group level is too small to ha...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mojgan Khodaverdi, Gita Jørgensen, Theis Lange, Sven-Eric Stangerup, Dominika Drozdziewizc, Mirko Tos, Per Bonding, Per Caye-Thomasen Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Recurrent tube insertion for chronic otitis media with effusion in children over 6 years
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics of children above 6 years of age with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) who have required pressure equalizing tube (PET) insertions.Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all children above the age of 6 years, who underwent PET insertion due to chronic OME, between 2000 and 2009 at a tertiary care institution. Children were also divided into those with a single PET and those with ≥2 PET. Comparison of various characteristics between the two groups was undertaken.Results: 290 children were identified as havin...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Cinzia L. Marchica, Jacob Pitaro, Sam J. Daniel Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Associations between symptoms, clinical findings and the short-term prognosis among children with otitis media: A cohort study
Conclusion: Sleep problems at inclusion were the only symptom statistically significant associated with having one or more symptoms after four weeks in children between 0 and 2 years. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Christina T. Ryborg, Jens Søndergaard, Jørgen Lous, Anders Munck, Pia V. Larsen, Janus Laust Thomsen Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Allergic diseases in children with otitis media with effusion
Abstract: Objectives: Recent studies have shown that allergic diseases may be associated with the pathogenesis of recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME). We aimed to assess the relationship between OME and allergic diseases and other types of disease in children with OME. We also evaluated the between group differences in the characteristics of middle ear effusion.Materials and methods: We evaluated 370 patients diagnosed with OME between January 2007 and December 2012 and, as a control group, 100 children with no medical history of OME but who had undergone blood tests and MAST-CLA (multiple allergosorbent test – ch...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Chul Kwon, Ho Yun Lee, Myung Gu Kim, Sung Hyun Boo, Seung Geun Yeo Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

The tympanostomy tube: An ingenious invention of the mid 19th century
Abstract: The introduction of the tympanostomy tube in the treatment of otitis media with effusion in the mid 20th century completely revolutionized its therapy. Nevertheless, it was not a new idea. The aim of this research is to elucidate the origin of prosthetic middle ear ventilation in the mid 19th century. A review of primary sources revealed at least seven different models of tympanostomy tube which were manufactured between 1845 and 1875. These included: Frank's gold tube, Lincke's rubber tube, Bonnafont's silver cannula, Politzer's hard rubber drain, Miot's metallic eyelet, Voltolini's gold ring, and Bonnafont's ey...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Albert Mudry Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Immunodeficiency in patients with 49,XXXXY chromosomal variation
Abstract Boys affected with 49,XXXXY sex chromosomal variation have been described to have high incidence of recurrent otitis media and asthma, the cause of which is unknown. We hypothesized that primary immunodeficiency occurs in patients with XXXXY aneuploidy. To investigate this, 31 boys with known 49,XXXXY were evaluated through a multidisciplinary clinic. Screening history was performed using the “10 Warning Signs of primary immunodeficiency” (Jeffrey Modell Foundation), as well as by history of atopic and autoimmune conditions. Of the 31 boys, 20 had at least two warning signs of primary immunodeficiency, and fiv...
Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics - January 23, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Michael D. Keller, Teresa Sadeghin, Carole Samango‐Sprouse, Jordan S. Orange Tags: Article Source Type: research

Childhood disability in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a literature review
Conclusions: Given the burden of childhood disability, the limited literature retrieved is concerning as this is a barometer of activity and investment. Solutions addressing childhood disability will require collaboration between health, social and educational disciplines as well as an increased investment in prevention, identification and promotion of access. (Source: International Journal for Equity in Health)
Source: International Journal for Equity in Health - January 18, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Michelle DiGiacomoPatricia DavidsonPenelope AbbottPatricia DelaneyTessa DharmendraSarah McGrathJoanne DelaneyFrank Vincent Source Type: research

Dynamic properties of round window membrane in guinea pig otitis media model measured with electromagnetic stimulation.
Abstract The round window, one of two openings into the cochlea from the middle ear, plays an important role in hearing and is known to be structurally altered during otitis media. However, there have been no published studies systematically describing the changes in biomechanical properties of the round window membrane (RWM) that accompany bacterial otitis media. Here we describe the occurrence of significant changes in the dynamic properties of the RWM between normal guinea pigs and those with acute otitis media (AOM) that are detectable by electromagnetic force stimulation and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) meas...
Source: Hearing Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Audiology Authors: Gan RZ, Nakmali D, Zhang X Tags: Hear Res Source Type: research

Hospitalisation with otitis media in early childhood and cognitive function in young adult life: a prevalence study among Danish conscripts
Conclusions: Overall, we found that hospitalisation with OM in early childhood was associated with a slightly lower cognitive function in early adulthood. Hospitalisation for OM did not seem to influence the prevalence of GSCE when level of BPP was taken into account. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles - January 15, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Marie MortensenRikke NielsenNiels FiskerMette Nørgaard Source Type: research

Effect of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound on the Middle Ear in a Mouse Model of Acute Otitis Media
Abstract: We hypothesized that low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) increases vessel permeability and antibacterial drug activity in the mouse middle ear. We determined appropriate settings by applying LIFU to mouse ears with the external auditory canal filled with normal saline and performed histologic and immunohistologic examination. Acute otitis media was induced in mice with nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, and they were given ampicillin (50, 10, or 2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once daily for 3 days with or without LIFU (1.0 W/cm2, 20% duty cycle, 30 s). In the LIFU(+) groups receiving the 2- and 10-mg/kg doses, ...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - January 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Kanako Noda, Takashi Hirano, Kenji Noda, Satoru Kodama, Issei Ichimiya, Masashi Suzuki Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research

High pneumococcal serotype specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels in serum and the middle ear of children with recurrent acute otitis media receiving ventilation tubes.
Abstract Recurrent acute otitis media (AOM), frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major paediatric health problem. A reduced antibody response against pneumococcal polysaccharides may contribute to an increased susceptibility to AOM. Using a multiplex bead-based assay we measured IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels against 11 pneumococcal polysaccharides in serum samples from 166 children below 3 years of age with a history of at least 3 episodes of acute otitis media receiving ventilation tubes, and 61 healthy controls. Pneumococcal serotype specific IgG was also determined in 144 middle ear effusion samples....
Source: Vaccine - January 9, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Corscadden KJ, Kirkham LA, Thornton RB, Vijayasekaran S, Coates HL, Richmond PC, Wiertsema SP Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Cost-Effectiveness of a 10- Versus 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Denmark and Sweden.
CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, a national immunization program with PCV13 was found to be good value for money and estimated to prevent additional cases of disease among children and nonvaccinated individuals and save additional costs due to treatment of pneumococcal disease, when compared with PCV10 in Denmark and Sweden. PMID: 23312274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - January 9, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Klok RM, Lindkvist RM, Ekelund M, Farkouh RA, Strutton DR Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Speech errors in children with speech sound disorders according to otitis media history
CONCLUSION: The use of indexes was effective to indicate that substitution is the most prevalent type of error in children with speech sound disorders. The greater occurrence of speech errors observed in the picture naming task in children with otitis media history indicates that such errors are possibly associated to difficulties in phonological representation secondary to fluctuating conductive hearing loss. (Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia)
Source: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia - January 8, 2013 Category: Audiology Source Type: research

Complications of suppurative otitis media characterized
Researchers emphasize the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media followed by surgical therapy to prevent complications. (Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases)
Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases - January 7, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Effects of guidelines on adeno-tonsillar surgery on the clinical behaviour of otorhinolaryngologists in Italy
Conclusions: The recommendations first developed in Italy in a 2003 policy document and then resumed in guidelines in 2008, were not implemented by ENT units involved in the survey. The study highlights the fact that the indications for adeno-tonsillar operations are based on the overall clinical presentation (comorbidity) rather than on a single symptom. Guidelines are necessary to give coherent recommendations based on both the findings obtained through randomized controlled trials and the data collected from observational studies. (Source: BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders)
Source: BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders - January 7, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Giovanni MottaSergio MottaPasquale CassanoSalvatore ConticelloMassimo FerrettiBruno GallettiAldo GarozzoGennaro LarotondaNicola MansiEmilio MevioGaetano MottaGiuseppe QuarembaAgostino SerraVincenzo TarantinoPaolo TavorminaClaudio ViciniMaurizio VigiliDome Source Type: research

Human rhinoviruses.
Abstract SUMMARY Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and missed days of work. Advances in molecular methods have enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of HRV and have led to the characterization of three genetically distinct HRV groups, designated groups A, B, and C, within the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae. HRVs are traditionally associated with upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, and sinusitis. In recent years, the increasing imple...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - January 1, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, St George K, Walsh TJ Tags: Clin Microbiol Rev Source Type: research

Complicated coexisting pyogenic and tuberculous otitis media affecting the temporozygomatic, infratemporal, and parotid areas: Report of a rare entity.
We report an unusual case in which a 28-year-old woman presented with a long-standing history of ear discharge, hearing loss, facial weakness with ipsilateral facial swelling and cellulitis, a postauricular fistula, and an abscess of the temporozygomatic, infratemporal, and parotid areas. The pus stained positive for bacteria and acid-fast bacilli, and culture was positive for Proteus vulgaris and mycobacteria. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of tuberculous otitis media with complications was made. Computed tomography showed extensive destruction of the tympanic and mastoid part of the temporal bone, as well as lytic ...
Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal - January 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Brar T, Mrig S, Passey JC, Agarwal AK, Jain S Tags: Ear Nose Throat J Source Type: research

Nontuberculous mycobacterial otomastoiditis: A case report.
We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with left-sided chronic otitis media that had persisted for more than 1 year. It was not eradicated by standard antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement. After appropriate antibiotic therapy for nontuberculous mycobacteria was added to the therapeutic regimen, the patient improved significantly and the lesion had healed by 6 months. Based on our experience with this case, we conclude that early bacterial culture and staining for acid-fast bacilli in ear drainage material or granulation tissue should be performed when standard antimicrobial therapy fails to era...
Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal - January 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Tsai LT, Wang CY, Lin CD, Tsai MH Tags: Ear Nose Throat J Source Type: research

A novel model of spontaneous otitis media with effusion (OME) in the Oxgr1 knock-out mouse
Conclusion: Development of a murine model with genetic defect has several attractive features. The rate of OME in these animals is high at 82%. It is clear that this OME is related to histopathologic changes in the middle ear epithelium of these knock-out mice. Induction of mucus effusion is evident though the viation in dysregulation of GFM does exist in this non-challenge study condition. The underlying cause of these differences between individual animal requires further investigation. Given this, the Oxgr1−/− model is likely to be an ideal model to examine mucin regulation in MEE and potentially develop novel GPCR-...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - December 27, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Joseph E. Kerschner, Wenzhou Hong, Steven R. Taylor, John A. Kerschner, Pawjai Khampang, Kay C. Wrege, Paula E. North Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidelines on the surgical management of otitis media with effusion: Are they being followed and have they changed practice?
Conclusion: This study shows that 87.0% of children have VTs inserted in accordance with NICE guidelines providing exceptional cases are included, but only 32.2% comply with the core criteria. A significant number have surgery due to the invoking of exceptional criteria, suggesting that clinicians are personalising the treatment to each individual child. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - December 27, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Matija Daniel, Tawakir Kamani, Suliman El-Shunnar, Marie-Claire Jaberoo, Anna Harrison, Seema Yalamanchili, Laura Harrison, Wai-Sum Cho, Neil Fergie, Roger Bayston, John P. Birchall Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Editorial
Just as otitis media (OM) is one of the most prevalent childhood afflictions, it also represents one of the most common subject areas for submission to the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (IJPORL). It also represents one of the most common subject areas of articles accepted for publication. Given this we have put together a compilation of those articles, which the Senior Editors consider “seminal” OM articles over the past 24 months in IJPORL (2011–2012). We expect to update this in two-year cycles for those interested in this topic. In addition to these 5 important publications we have listed ...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - December 27, 2012 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Joseph E. Kerschner Source Type: research