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Why bird flu has not caused a pandemicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bird flu viruses would have to make at least two simultaneous genetic mutations before they could be transmitted readily from human to human, according to new research. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 21, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Comparative physiology of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier: the unique avian solutionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two opposing selective pressures have shaped the evolution of the structure of the blood-gas barrier in air breathing vertebrates. The first pressure, which has been recognized for 100 years, is to facilitate diffusive gas exchange. This requires the barrier to be extremely thin and have a large area. The second pressure, which has only recently been appreciated, is to maintain the mechanical integrity of the barrier in the face of its extreme thinness. The most important tensile stress comes from the pressure within the pulmonary capillaries, which results in a hoop stress. The strength of the barrier can be attributed to...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 20, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: West, J. B. Tags: Review Article Source Type: journals

Public Health Significance of Virus Mutation detected in NorwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has informed WHO of a mutation detected in three H1N1 viruses. The viruses were isolated from the first two fatal cases of pandemic influenza in the country and one patient with severe illness. (Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases)
Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases - November 20, 2009 Category: American Health Source Type: news

WHO Updates International H1N1 Flu SituationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As of 15 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6770 deaths. (Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases)
Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases - November 20, 2009 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Modelling the impact of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) on UK paediatric intensive care demandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Contingency measures for children needing paediatric intensive care are needed to absorb the likely increase in activity expected due to pandemic influenza this winter. Because of variations in provision by region, the role of paediatric retrieval services will be especially important. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - November 20, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ercole, A, Menon, D K, O'Donnell, D R Tags: Influenza, TB and other respiratory infections, Child health, Neonatal and paediatric intensive care, Paediatric intensive care Short reports Source Type: journals

Public health significance of virus mutation detected in NorwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has informed WHO of a mutation detected in three H1N1 viruses. The viruses were isolated from the first two fatal cases of pandemic influenza in the country and one patient with severe illness. (Source: WHO Swine Flu)
Source: WHO Swine Flu - November 20, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

Inovio Biomedical Universal Flu Vaccines Demonstrate Broadly Protective Immune Responses Against Multiple Seasonal & Pandemic Influenza Viruses in Pre-Clinical StudiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inovio's SynConTM Universal Flu Vaccines Provide 100% Protection in Ferrets against Death and Sickness in a Challenge Study with the Pandemic H1N1 Virus SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov 20, 2009 - Inovio Biomedical Corporation (NYSE Amex:INO), a... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)
Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials - November 20, 2009 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: clinical trials

Avian influenza - situation in Egypt - update 24Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Ministry of Health of Egypt has reported a new confirmed human case of avian influenza A(H5N1). (Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks)
Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks - November 20, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 75Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As of 15 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6750 deaths. (Source: WHO Swine Flu)
Source: WHO Swine Flu - November 20, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

Bird flu human-to-human spread unlikelyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
LONDON, Nov. 20 (UPI) -- Bird flu would need two simultaneous mutations to spread from human to human, British and U.S. researchers say. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)
Source: Health News - UPI.com - November 20, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experimentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Balancing school closure against "business as usual" and obtaining sufficient stocks of effective vaccine are more important factors in determining the economic impact of an influenza pandemic than is the disease itself. Prophylactic absence from work in response to fear of infection can add considerably to the economic impact. (Source: BMJ Online First)
Source: BMJ Online First - November 20, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Smith, R. D, Keogh-Brown, M. R, Barnett, T., Tait, J. Tags: Infectious diseases, Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy) RESEARCH Source Type: journals

The economic impact of pandemic influenzaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: BMJ Online First)
Source: BMJ Online First - November 20, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Maynard, A., Bloor, K. Tags: Infectious diseases, Health policy, Immunology (including allergy), Pain (neurology), Adult intensive care, Health economics, Health service research EDITORIALS Source Type: journals

[Editorial] Hajj and 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
More than 2·5 million Muslims from over 160 countries will be going on Hajj—a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia—this year during Nov 25–30. Such a mass gathering, with up to seven people per m2, increases the risk of spreading infectious diseases, particularly the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1. (Source: LANCET)
Source: LANCET - November 20, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: The Lancet Tags: Editorial Source Type: journals

[Public Health] Establishment of public health security in Saudi Arabia for the 2009 Hajj in response to pandemic influenza A H1N1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mass gatherings of people challenge public health capacities at host locations and the visitors' places of origin. Hajj—the yearly pilgrimage by Muslims to Saudi Arabia—is one of the largest, most culturally and geographically diverse mass gatherings in the world. With the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 and upcoming Hajj, the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MoH) convened a preparedness consultation in June, 2009. Consultants from global public health agencies met in their official capacities with their Saudi Arabian counterparts. The MoH aimed to pool and share public health knowledge about mass gatherings, and revie...
Source: LANCET - November 20, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: ZA Memish, SJN McNabb, F Mahoney, F Alrabiah, N Marano, QA Ahmed, J Mahjour, RA Hajjeh, P Formenty, FH Harmanci, H El Bushra, TM Uyeki, M Nunn, N Isla, M Barbeschi, the Jeddah Hajj Consultancy Group Tags: Public Health Source Type: journals

Potential economic impact of pandemic flu in the UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: BMJ Area: News Economic modelling suggests that pandemic flu could reduce UK gross domestic product (GDP) by between 0.5% (£8.4bn) and 4.3% (£73.2bn) or more, depending on the severity of the pandemic and on people's reaction; significant factors are whether schools are closed, and whether people choose prophylactic absence from work; adequate vaccination could reduce the maximum impact to about 1% of GDP. Pandemic flu would have both direct and indirect costs: this paper reports an attempt to model the indirect effect on the UK economy of pandemic flu according to various scenarios, including severit...
Source: NeLM - News - November 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Pandemic Influenza May Hurt Economy in United KingdomEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although pandemic influenza may only decrease the gross domestic product by up to 4.3 percent in the United Kingdom, school closures and absenteeism from work due to government regulations or fear of infection may negatively impact the economy and potentially increase the effect of the recession, according to a study published Nov. 19 in BMJ. (Source: Modern Medicine)
Source: Modern Medicine - November 20, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: info

Swine Flu Deception and Disinformation ExposedEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion - a recombinant strain produced from Bird Flu live viruses and a seasonal or Swine Flu strain can create a virus with morbidity (high widespread death rate).Last August, an international microbiologist in California, Joseph Moshe, called anti-vaccination activist Dr. A. True Ott, warning him of a bioweapon at Baxter's facilities in Ukraine that could be used to create a pandemic. Dr. Ott divulged this on Deagle's radio show after Moshe was forcefully apprehended.The Ukrainian IncidentUp until the 29th of October, there were only two non-lethal swine flu cases reported within Ukraine's 46 million population. Very...
Source: NaturalNews.com - November 19, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Researchers identify why bird flu did not cause a pandemicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bird flu has so far failed to cause a pandemic because at least two simultaneous genetic mutations in the virus are required before it can be transmitted readily from human to human, latest research suggests. (Source: HealthcareRepublic Independent Nurse News)
Source: HealthcareRepublic Independent Nurse News - November 19, 2009 Category: Nursing Source Type: news

Differentiation of two distinct clusters among currently circulating influenza A(H1N1)v viruses, March-September 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Analysis of all complete genome sequences of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus available as of 10 September 2009 revealed that two closely related but distinct clusters were circulating in most of the affected countries at the same time. The characteristic differences are located in genes encoding the two surface proteins - haemagglutinin and neuraminidase - and four internal proteins - the polymerase PB2 subunit, nucleoprotein, matrix protein M1 and the non-structural protein NS1. Phylogenetic inference was demonstrated by neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees analyses of the involved genes and by t...
Source: Eurosurveillance latest news - November 19, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

New research helps explain why bird flu has not caused a pandemicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research suggests human to human transmission of H5 influenza viruses is unlikely - News Release (Source: Imperial College News)
Source: Imperial College News - November 19, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: organizations

Swine flu vaccine uptakeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several newspapers have reported that pregnant women and other vulnerable people are refusing to have the swine flu vaccine. The Times reported that a poll of GPs found that only 46% of people who were offered the vaccine have accepted it, and one doctor estimated that only 5% of pregnant women have had it. The news reports are based on a “snapshot” survey of 107 GPs. The survey asked how likely they were to hit the government’s target of vaccinating at least half of their patients who are under 65 and in high-risk groups this winter. GPs were also asked to estimate how many of the people who were offered the vacci...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 18, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Swine flu Source Type: news

Tissue persistence of fumonisin B1 in ducks and after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Toxicity and persistence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in liver, kidney and muscle were investigated in ducks fed 5, 10 and 20mg FB1+FB2/kg feed during force-feeding. Mortality and signs of toxicity were only obtained with 20mg/kg, whereas an increased Sa/So ratio was observed from 5mg/kg on. Persistence of FB1 was only found in liver (16 and 20 microg FB1/kg liver in ducks fed 10 and 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg feed, respectively). Toxicokinetic studies were conducted by the intravenous route (IV, single dose: 10mg FB1/kg body weight) and the oral route (single dose: 100mg FB1/kg body weight), in growing ducks and in ducks during force-...
Source: Chemico-Biological Interactions - November 18, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tardieu D, Bailly JD, Benlashehr I, Auby A, Jouglar JY, Guerre P Tags: Chem Biol Interact Source Type: journals

New research helps explain why bird flu has not caused a pandemicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Imperial College London) Bird flu viruses would have to make at least two simultaneous genetic mutations before they could be transmitted readily from human to human, according to research published today in PLoS ONE. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 18, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Visual fields, eye movements, and scanning behavior of a sit-and-wait predator, the black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Foraging mode influences the dominant sensory modality used by a forager and likely the strategies of information gathering used in foraging and anti-predator contexts. We assessed three components of visual information gathering in a sit-and-wait avian predator, the black phoebe (Sayornis nigricans): configuration of the visual field, degree of eye movement, and scanning behavior through head-movement rates. We found that black phoebes have larger lateral visual fields than similarly sized ground-foraging passerines, as well as relatively narrower binocular and blind areas. Black phoebes moved thei...
Source: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Physiology Tags: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Source Type: journals

Protocol: Transmission and prevention of influenza in Hutterites: Zoonotic transmission of influenza A: swine & swine workersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the study design and methods being used to assess influenza A transmission between swine workers and pigs. We hypothesize that transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans, transmission of human influenza viruses to swine, and reassortment of human and swine influenza A viruses is occurring. The project is part of a Team Grant; all Team Grant studies include active surveillance for influenza among Hutterite swine farmers in Alberta, Canada. This project also includes non-Hutterite swine farms that are experiencing swine respiratory illness. Methods: Nurses conduct active surveillance for influen...
Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles - November 18, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Margaret RussellJulia KeenlisideRichard WebbyKevin FonsecaPam SinghLorraine MossMark Loeb Source Type: journals

Antiviral Treatment for Patients Hospitalized with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - November 18, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Uyeki, T. Tags: OTHER POINTS OF VIEW Source Type: journals

Effectiveness of hair bundle motility as the cochlear amplifier.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effectiveness of hair bundle motility in mammalian and avian ears is studied by examining energy balance for a small sinusoidal displacement of the hair bundle. The condition that the energy generated by a hair bundle must be greater than energy loss due to the shear in the subtectorial gap per hair bundle leads to a limiting frequency that can be supported by hair-bundle motility. Limiting frequencies are obtained for two motile mechanisms for fast adaptation, the channel re-closure model and a model that assumes that fast adaptation is an interplay between gating of the channel and the myosin motor. The limiting ...
Source: Biophysical Journal - November 18, 2009 Category: Physics Authors: Sul B, Iwasa KH Tags: Biophys J Source Type: journals

Visually mapping avian flu may help H1N1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
COLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. 17 (UPI) -- U.S. researchers linked several powerful computer systems to analyze enormous amounts of genetic data on the H5N1 virus, also known as avian flu. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)
Source: Health News - UPI.com - November 17, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Scientists put interactive flu tracking at public's fingertipsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
New methods of studying avian influenza strains and visually mapping their movement around the world will help scientists more quickly learn the behavior of the pandemic H1N1 flu virus, Ohio State University researchers say. The researchers linked many powerful computer systems together to analyze enormous amounts of genetic data collected from all publicly available isolated strains of the H5N1 virus -- the cause of avian flu. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - November 17, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

NOVAVAX Completes First Stage Of Enrollment In Pivotal H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Study In The Country Of MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) announced that enrollment has been completed in the first stage of a two-stage clinical study of its novel 2009 H1N1 virus-like-particle (VLP) pandemic influenza unadjuvanted vaccine in the country of Mexico. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Swine Flu Source Type: news

NOVAVAX Completes First Stage Of Enrollment In Pivotal H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Study In The Country Of MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) announced that enrollment has been completed in the first stage of a two-stage clinical study of its novel 2009 H1N1 virus-like-particle (VLP) pandemic influenza unadjuvanted vaccine in the country of Mexico. An independent data and safety monitoring board has reviewed preliminary safety data from the first half of this cohort and recommended that this first stage continue as planned. (Source: Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today)
Source: Immune System / Vaccines News From Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Swine Flu Source Type: news

Scientists Put Interactive Flu Tracking At Public's FingertipsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
New methods of studying avian influenza strains and visually mapping their movement around the world will help scientists more quickly learn the behavior of the pandemic H1N1 flu virus, Ohio State University researchers say. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Swine Flu Source Type: news

Scientists Put Interactive Flu Tracking At Public's FingertipsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
New methods of studying avian influenza strains and visually mapping their movement around the world will help scientists more quickly learn the behavior of the pandemic H1N1 flu virus, Ohio State University researchers say. The researchers linked many powerful computer systems together to analyze enormous amounts of genetic data collected from all publicly available isolated strains of the H5N1 virus - the cause of avian flu. (Source: Bird Flu / Avian Flu News From Medical News Today)
Source: Bird Flu / Avian Flu News From Medical News Today - November 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Swine Flu Source Type: news

Seasonal, Avian, and Novel H1N1 Influenza: Prevention and Treatment Modalities (December).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Influenza subtypes continue to change, causing disease in animals and humans. Utilization of immunization and antiviral treatment options are available to prevent, treat, and contain the spread of this infection. PMID: 19920156 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - November 17, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sym D, Patel PN, El-Chaar GM Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: journals

Somalia: Who Confirms First Cases of H1N1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The first cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 have been confirmed in Somalia, according to the UN World Health Organization (WHO). (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - November 16, 2009 Category: African Health Source Type: news

NOVAVAX Completes First Stage Of Enrollment In Pivotal H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Study In The Country Of MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX ) announced today that enrollment has been completed in the first stage of a two-stage clinical study of its novel 2009 H1N1 virus-like-particle (VLP) pandemic influenza unadjuvanted vaccine in the country of Mexico. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)
Source: Pharmaceutical Online News - November 16, 2009 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Thailand is free of bird flu: officialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BANGKOK, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Thailand is now free of the ... (Source: Xinhuanet Chinaview Health)
Source: Xinhuanet Chinaview Health - November 16, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Health Source Type: news

H1N1 "super flu" plague in Ukraine spark concern, conspiracy theories about originsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) Here's what we know with some degree of certainty about the H1N1 virus in Ukraine right now: nearly 300 people have died from the viral strain, and over 65,000 people have been hospitalized (the actual numbers are increasing by the hour). The virus appears to be either a highly aggressive mutation of the globally-circulating H1N1 strain, or a combination of three different influenza strains now circulating in Ukraine. Some observers suspect this new "super flu" might be labeled viral hemorrhagic pneumonia (meaning it destroys lung tissue until your lungs bleed so much that you drown in your own fluid), but th...
Source: NaturalNews.com - November 16, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Scientists put interactive flu tracking at public's fingertipsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Ohio State University) New methods of studying avian influenza strains and visually mapping their movement around the world will help scientists more quickly learn the behavior of the pandemic H1N1 flu virus, Ohio State University researchers say. The researchers linked many powerful computer systems together to analyze enormous amounts of genetic data collected from all publicly available isolated strains of the H5N1 virus -- the cause of avian flu. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 16, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

[Reflection and Reaction] Influenza vaccination of childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this issue of The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Rogier Bodewes and colleagues state that influenza vaccination is beneficial for infants and young children, but at the same time they urge re-evaluation of vaccine recommendations because the inactivated vaccine available at present does not induce heterosubtypic immunity and might make infants more susceptible to pandemic influenza. Although there are numerous immunological mechanisms related to infection with influenza to be discovered, we feel that the conclusions should be put into perspective. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 16, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Terho Heikkinen, Ville Peltola Tags: Reflection and Reaction Source Type: journals

[Reflection and Reaction] Influenza A H1N1 diagnostics: the first, the fastest, and the most reliableEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The recent emergence of pandemic influenza A H1N1 demands prompt development of well-optimised and well-evaluated diagnostic methods, permitting rapid risk assessment and measures for counteracting the spread of infection and allowing epidemiological surveillance. The perfect diagnostic method is highly specific to A H1N1 and yet robust enough to cope with small genetic changes, it should also be rapid and yet suited to high throughput analyses in case substantial demands are placed on laboratories during a pandemic. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 16, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Barbara Biere, Brunhilde Schweiger, Andreas Nitsche Tags: Reflection and Reaction Source Type: journals

[Newsdesk] Responding to the renewed H1N1 pandemicEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The end of influenza season in the southern hemisphere has provided some insight into what effect pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 might have during the northern hemisphere influenza season. The high proportion of deaths among pregnant women and people infected with HIV was notable, with severe illness also associated with pregnancy and a range of comorbidities (eg, chronic lower respiratory and metabolic diseases and obesity). (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 16, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Onisillos Sekkides Tags: Newsdesk Source Type: journals

[Personal View] Yearly influenza vaccinations: a double-edged sword?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Yearly vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses is recommended for certain individuals at high risk of complications associated with influenza. It has been recommended in some countries, including the USA, that all children aged 6–59 months are vaccinated against seasonal influenza. However, it has been shown—mainly in animals—that infection with influenza A viruses can induce protective immunity to influenza A viruses of other unrelated subtypes. This so-called heterosubtypic immunity does not provide full protection, but can limit virus replication and reduce morbidity and mortality of the host. This type of ...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 16, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rogier Bodewes, Joost HCM Kreijtz, Guus F Rimmelzwaan Tags: Personal View Source Type: journals

Pandemic influenza: human rights, ethics and duty to treatEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article aims to highlight the legal, ethical and professional aspects that might be relevant to anaesthesiologists in the case of a high-lethality infectious disease such as a severe pandemic influenza. The epidemiology, the role of anaesthesiologists and possible threats to the profession and colleagueship within medical specialties relevant to anaesthesiologists are reviewed. During historical plague epidemics, some doctors have behaved like 'deserters'. However, during the Spanish influenza, physicians remained at their jobs, although many perished. In surveys, more than half of the health-care workers have reporte...
Source: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica - November 16, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: I. PAHLMAN, H. TOHMO, H. GYLLING Source Type: journals

Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A virusesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We hypothesize that the genomic strand of segment 8 of encodes a novel influenza A virus protein. The persistence and conservation of this genomic strand ORF for almost a century in human influenza A viruses provides strong evidence that it is translated into a polypeptide that enhances viral fitness in the human host. This has important consequences for the interpretation of experiments that utilize mutations in the NS1 and NEP genes of segment 8 and also for the consideration of events that may alter the spread and/or pathogenesis of swine and avian influenza A viruses in the human population. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - November 16, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Monica CliffordJames TwiggChris Upton Source Type: journals

QTL mapping for two commercial traits in farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we conducted genome-wide scans for two commercially important traits, inventory head length (which is highly correlated with growth rate) and number of scale rows (SR, a skin quality trait), for the existence of QTL in a commercial population of saltwater crocodiles at Darwin Crocodile Farm, Northern Territory, Australia. To account for the uncommonly large difference in sex-specific recombination rates apparent in the saltwater crocodile, a duel mapping strategy was employed. This strategy employed a sib-pair analysis to take advantage of our full-sib pedigree structure, together with a half-sib analysis to...
Source: Animal Genetics - November 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Miles LG, Isberg SR, Thomson PC, Glenn TC, Lance SL, Dalzell P, Moran C Tags: Anim Genet Source Type: journals

Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Pintails constitute an important host of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Genetic, molecular, and antigenic characteristics of H5 and H7 AIVs, which we isolated from northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Japan, were analyzed and found to be linked to various ecological features, chiefly in terms of gene geography, as shaped by various migratory aquatic host species. Although all the isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity (LP), we explored gene predispositions that may potentially underlie tentative transition to high pathogenicity (HP). Evolutionarily, the HA and NA genes of the is...
Source: Virus Genes - November 14, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Virus Genes Source Type: journals

Pre‐ and Postexposure Use of Human Monoclonal Antibody against H5N1 and H1N1 Influenza Virus in Mice: Viable Alternative to OseltamivirEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. New strategies to prevent and treat influenza virus infections are urgently needed. A recently discovered class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing an unprecedented spectrum of influenza virus subtypes may have the potential for future use in humans. Here, we assess the efficacies of CR6261, which is representative of this novel class of mAbs, and oseltamivir in mice. We show that a single injection with 15 mg/kg CR6261 outperforms a 5‐day course of treatment with oseltamivir (10 mg/kg/day) with respect to both prophylaxis an...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - November 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article BRIEF REPORT Source Type: journals

Notes from the Field: Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus at a Large Public University in Delaware, April–May 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. pH1N1 spread rapidly through the University of Delaware community with a surge in illness over a 2‐week period. Although initial cases appear to be associated with travel to Mexico, a rapid increase in cases was likely facilitated by increased student interactions during Greek Week. No protective effect from receiving seasonal influenza vaccine was identified. Although severe illness was rare, the outbreak caused a substantial burden and challenge to the university health care system. Preparedness efforts in universities and similar settings should include enhancing health care surge capacity. (Source: Cli...
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - November 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals

Economic Value of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Vaccination during PregnancyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Maternal influenza immunization is a highly cost‐effective intervention at disease rates and severity that correspond to both seasonal influenza epidemics and occasional pandemics. These findings justify ongoing efforts to optimize influenza vaccination during pregnancy from an economic perspective. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - November 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals