Androgen Independent Prostate CancerThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you your search results in order of date.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

511 records returned

Suppressed tumour growth and enhanced chemosensitivity by RNA interference targeting Aurora-A in the PC3 human prostate cancer modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate the inhibitory effects of Aurora-A expression in prostate cancer cells on their growth and chemosensitivity. Aurora-A expression in radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from 193 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. We then established PC3 cells in which the expression vector containing short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Aurora-A was introduced (PC3/sh-A). The growth and the sensitivity to docetaxel in PC3/sh-A were compared with those in PC3 transfected with control vector alone (PC3/C). Immunohistochemistry showed that there were various levels of Aurora-A expression in most prostat...
Source: BJU International - November 12, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Masafumi Kumano, Hideaki Miyake, Tomoaki Terakawa, Junya Furukawa, Masato Fujisawa Source Type: journals

INTS6/DICE1 inhibits growth of human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by altering the cell cycle profile and Wnt signalingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These results show for the first time a link between INTS6/DICE1 function, cell cycle regulation and cell-cell communication involving members of the Wnt signaling pathway. (Source: Cancer Cell International)
Source: Cancer Cell International - November 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stephanie FilleurJennifer HirschAline WilleMargarete SchonChristian SellMichael ShearerThomas NeliusIlse Wieland Source Type: journals

Establishment and characterization of an androgen receptor-dependent, androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP-CS10Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hormone refractoriness is a lethal event for advanced prostate cancer patients, but the mechanisms of the disease are not well elucidated, especially for the so-called "outlaw" pathways of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent, androgen-independent hormone-refractory prostate cancer.Androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells were treated with bicalutamide under an androgen-depleted condition to obtain refractory cells. In the obtained cell line, LNCaP-CS10, we analyzed the effects of androgen and bicalutamide on cell growth and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production. In addition, AR gene mutation, AR expression levels, ...
Source: The Prostate - November 10, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nobuyuki Ishikura, Hiromitsu Kawata, Ayako Nishimoto, Ryo Nakamura, Nobuya Ishii, Yuko Aoki Source Type: journals

Effect of zinc on regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that zinc decreases the survival of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by modulating the expression of IGF system components and its signaling molecules. Thus, zinc may be qualified as a potential agent for the treatment of prostate cancer. PMID: 19913001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - November 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Banudevi S, Senthilkumar K, Sharmila G, Arunkumar R, Vijayababu R, Arunakaran J Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: journals

CXC Receptor-1 Silencing Inhibits Androgen-Independent Prostate CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The CXC receptor-1 (CXCR1) is a coreceptor for interleukin-8 (IL-8) and is expressed on both normal and tumor cells. The function of CXCR1 in prostate cancer was investigated by silencing its expression, using RNA interference. We established stable cell colonies of PC-3 cells, depleted of CXCR1, using lentiviral plasmids (pLK0.1puro) generating small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CXCR1 mRNA. Stable shRNA transfectants (PLK1–PLK5) that express significantly reduced CXCR1 mRNA (≥90% down) and protein (≥43% down) or vector-only transfectants (PC-3V) were characterized. PLK cells showed reduced cell proliferation (d...
Source: Cancer Research - October 29, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shamaladevi, N., Lyn, D. A., Escudero, D. O., Lokeshwar, B. L. Tags: Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: journals

Inhibiting TNF-mediated signaling: a novel therapeutic paradigm for androgen independent prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor super family comprises of members that induce two distinct signaling cascades, leading to either cell survival or apoptosis. However, in prostate cancer (PCa), TNF-mediated prosurvival signaling is the predominant pathway that leads to cell survival and resistance to therapy. Although inhibition of TNF signaling by pharmacological agents or monoclonal antibodies has gained importance in the field of cancer therapy, toxicity to normal cells has impaired their extensive use for cancer treatment. We previously identified a natural, nontoxic compound psoralidin t...
Source: Apoptosis - October 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Weekly administration of docetaxel and epirubicin as first-line treatment for hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Androgen-independent prostate carcinoma (AICP) is one of the tumors that continue to respond poorly to chemotherapy. Recently, protocols based on the use of docetaxel have significantly improved survival for patients in this disease. In other types of neoplastic disease, combined therapy with taxanes and anthracycline derivatives has been shown to produce additive effects in terms of growth inhibition, and superior tolerability when associated with weekly administration schedules. These findings prompted us to examine the tolerability and efficacy of weekly treatment of AICP with docetaxel (DOX) plus epirubicin (EPI). ...
Source: Oncology Research - October 9, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Neri B, Molinara E, Pantaleo P, Rangan S, Crisci A, Della Melina A, Raugei A, Villari D, Nicitat G Tags: Oncol Res Source Type: journals

STEAP4 regulates focal adhesion kinase activation and CpG motifs within STEAP4 promoter region are frequently methylated in DU145, human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that STEAP4 expression is able to inhibit anchorage-independent cell growth. We also demonstrate that STEAP4 associates with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and regulate the activity of FAK through Y397 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we show that CpG sequences in STEAP4 promoter region were frequently methylated in DU145, androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Demethylation treatment induced STEAP4 expression in DU145, suggesting the possibility that STEAP4 expression in cancer cells is in part epigenetically regulated. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel function of STEAP4 and that STEAP4...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - October 1, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tamura T, Chiba J Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: journals

Induction of bicalutamide sensitivity in prostate cancer cells by an epigenetic Pur[alpha]-mediated decrease in androgen receptor levelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased androgen receptor (AR) levels support resistance to apoptosis and hormone therapy in advanced prostate cancer (PC). We recently linked the overexpression of AR in androgen-independent LNCaP cells (AI-cells) and tissues from castration-resistant patients to decreased nuclear levels of Pur-alpha (Pur[alpha]) and loss from a protein complex bound to repressor sequences (ARS) in the 5[prime]-UTR of AR. Strategies to regain control of increased AR transcription may overcome resistance of AI-cells and improve treatment outcomes.MTT, real-time PCR, Western blot, ChIP, flow cytometry, and caspase 3/7 activation measured ...
Source: The Prostate - September 29, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: XiaoMei Liu, Alejandro Gomez-Pinillos, XiaoJun Liu, Edward M. Johnson, Anna C. Ferrari Source Type: journals

The Neuroendocrine-Derived Peptide Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Stabilizing the Androgen ReceptorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that neuroendocrine-derived parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP)–mediated signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src pathways contributes to the phenotype of advanced prostate cancer by reducing AR protein turnover. PTHrP-induced accumulation of AR depended on the activity of Src and EGFR and consequent phosphorylation of the AR on Tyr534. PTHrP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of AR resulted in reduced AR ubiquitination and interaction with the ubiquitin ligase COOH terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein. These events result in increased accumulation of A...
Source: Cancer Research - September 13, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: DaSilva, J., Gioeli, D., Weber, M. J., Parsons, S. J. Tags: Molecular Biology, Pathobiology, and Genetics Source Type: journals

Anticancer Agents from the Australian Tropical Rainforest: Spiroacetals EBC-23, 24, 25, 72, 73, 75 and 76.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
EBC-23, 24, 25, 72, 73, 75 and 76 were isolated from the fruit of Cinnamomum laubatii (family Lauraceae) in the Australian tropical rainforests. EBC-23 (1) was synthesized stereoselectively, in nine linear steps in 8 % overall yield, to confirm the reported relative stereochemistry and determine the absolute stereochemistry. Key to the total synthesis was a series of Tietze-Smith linchpin reactions. The novel spiroacetal structural motif, exemplified by EBC-23 (1), was found to inhibit the growth of the androgen-independent prostate tumor cell line DU145 in the mouse model, indicating potential for the treatment of ref...
Source: Chemistry - September 10, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dong L, Schill H, Grange RL, Porzelle A, Johns JP, Parsons PG, Gordon VA, Reddell PW, Williams CM Tags: Chemistry Source Type: journals

Exogenous p27KIP1 expression induces anti-tumour effects and inhibits the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in PC3 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated whether exogenous p27 expression in the human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cell line had any effect on cell growth, and we studied the molecular mechanisms involved. p27 expression was restored in PC3 cells by plasmid delivery. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in PC3 cells transfected with p27. We also investigated the effects of p27 on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway in PC3 cells. By restoring p27 expression in PC3 cells, we observed that p27 reduced proliferation and induced arrest in G(0)/G(1)...
Source: Asian Journal of Andrology - September 6, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Chen J, Xia D, Luo JD, Wang P Tags: Asian J Androl Source Type: journals

CTEN/tensin 4 expression induces sensitivity to paclitaxel in prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently, we established paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3-TxR and DU145-TxR). To determine the mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance in PC-3-TxR cells, we compared the gene expression profiles between PC-3 and PC-3-TxR cells. Our results indicated that expression of the C-terminal tensin like protein (CTEN, tensin 4) gene was down-regulated by 10-fold in PC-3-TxR cells. We investigated the possibility that CTEN overexpression restores paclitaxel sensitivity.We investigated how knockdown and overexpression of CTEN in androgen-independent cell lines affect paclitaxel sensitivity by colony formation assay a...
Source: The Prostate - September 1, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: YouQiang Li, Atsushi Mizokami, Kouji Izumi, Kazutaka Narimoto, Takashi Shima, Jian Zhang, Jinlu Dai, Evan T. Keller, Mikio Namiki Source Type: journals

DNA methylation analysis of AR gene in androgen independent prostate cancer cell linesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms for controlling gene expression. The process of DNA methylation involves the covalent addition of a methyl group in position 5 to cytosine giving rise to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). 5mC often occurs especially in CpG dinucleotides of the promoter regulation region in many genes and gene inactivation may follow from such CpG methylation. (Source: Journal of Men's Health)
Source: Journal of Men's Health - August 31, 2009 Category: Primary Care Authors: B. Fialová, K. Trtková, Z. Kolář Tags: WCMH Abstracts Source Type: journals

Prolonging androgen sensitivity in prostate cancer – a role for COX inhibitors?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This study does not support a role for COX-2 inhibitors in prolonging androgen responsiveness in prostate cancer. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)
Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery - August 30, 2009 Category: Surgery Authors: Andrew Richards, Kevin McGeechan, Marzieh Niknam, Robert Salomon, Caroline Kurek, Qihan Dong, Manish I. Patel Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Intermittent hormone therapy and its place in the contemporary endocrine treatment of prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Castration results in dangerous and disabling side effects. Deferred hormone therapy has been shown to be associated with decreased survival. Intermittent hormone therapy (IHT) was attempted initially to reduce morbidity of treating metastatic prostate cancer with stilboestrol. Preclinical work using castrate mice with hormone sensitive prostate tumours demonstrated that pulses of testosterone delayed the onset of androgen independent growth and PSA production in these mice. This led to development of clinical treatment protocols for use in phase II trials by a number of centres in a variety of clinical scenarios...
Source: Surgical Oncology - August 27, 2009 Category: Surgery Authors: G. Shaw, R.T.D. Oliver Tags: Systemic Treatment of prostate Cancer Source Type: journals

The Neuroendocrine-Derived Peptide Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Stabilizing the Androgen Receptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that neuroendocrine-derived parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-mediated signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src pathways contributes to the phenotype of advanced prostate cancer by reducing AR protein turnover. PTHrP-induced accumulation of AR depended on the activity of Src and EGFR and consequent phosphorylation of the AR on Tyr(534). PTHrP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of AR resulted in reduced AR ubiquitination and interaction with the ubiquitin ligase COOH terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein. These events result in increased accumulation of AR and thus...
Source: Cell Research - August 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Dasilva J, Gioeli D, Weber MJ, Parsons SJ Tags: Cancer Res Source Type: journals

Expression of TRPC6 in benign and malignant human prostate tissues.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) protein in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and in prostate cancer cell lines and the association with the stage, grade and androgen responsiveness of the tumors. Immunohistochemical techniques, Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to investigate TRPC6 expression. TRPC6 protein was detected in 9 of 20 (45.0%) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases, and there was a significant difference compared with prostate cancer (129 of 149 [86.6%])(P < 0.01). TRPC6 expression was asso...
Source: Asian Journal of Andrology - August 23, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Yue D, Wang Y, Xiao JY, Wang P, Ren CS Tags: Asian J Androl Source Type: journals

Intrinsic expression of host genes and intronic miRNAs in prostate carcinoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that miRNA expression profiles may not predict intrinsic hormone-sensitive environment of PCa cells. More importantly, our data indicate the possibility of additional novel mechanisms for intronic miRNA processing in PCa cells. (Source: Cancer Cell International)
Source: Cancer Cell International - August 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kavleen SikandStephen SlaneGirish Shukla Source Type: journals

Depletion of intrinsic expression of interleukin-8 in prostate cancer cells causes cell cycle arrest, spontaneous apoptosis and increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These results show the pervasive role of IL-8 in promoting tumor cell survival, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs, regardless of the cytotoxic mechanism of antiproliferative drugs, and point to potential therapeutic significance of IL-8 depletion in men with AIPC. (Source: Molecular Cancer)
Source: Molecular Cancer - July 30, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rajendra SinghBal Lokeshwar Source Type: journals

Key Event In Prostate Cancer Progression DiscoveredEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Researchers have discovered how hormone-dependent prostate cancer advances to the incurable hormone-independent disease state. The study shows that in androgen-independent prostate cancer, androgen receptors are reprogrammed to regulate genes involved in a later phase of cell division. A small epigenetic change in a gene called UBE2C is responsible for this reprogramming. Increased expression of that gene correlated with progression to the hormone-independent phase. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - July 28, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Androgen Receptor Regulates a Distinct Transcription Program in Androgen-Independent Prostate CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Qianben Wang, Wei Li, Yong Zhang, Xin Yuan, Kexin Xu, Jindan Yu, Zhong Chen, Rameen Beroukhim, Hongyun Wang, Mathieu Lupien, Tao Wu, Meredith M. Regan, Clifford A. Meyer, Jason S. Carroll, Arjun Kumar Manrai, Olli A. Jänne, Steven P. Balk, Rohit Mehra, Bo Han, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Mark A. Rubin, Lawrence True, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Christopher Fiore, Massimo Loda, Philip W. Kantoff, X. Shirley Liu, Myles Brown. The evolution of prostate cancer from an androgen-dependent state to one that is androgen-independent marks its lethal progression. The androgen receptor (AR) is essential in both, though its func.... (Source: Cell)
Source: Cell - July 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Source Type: journals

Scientists discover key event in prostate cancer progressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Ohio State University Medical Center) Researchers at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have discovered how hormone-dependent prostate cancer advances to the incurable hormone-independent disease state. The study shows that in androgen-independent prostate cancer, androgen receptors are reprogrammed to regulate genes involved in a later phase of cell division. A small epigenetic change in a gene called UBE2C is responsible for this reprogramming. Increased expression of that gene correlated with progression to the hormone-independent phase. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - July 23, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Cyr61 downmodulation potentiates the anticancer effects of zoledronic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have analyzed the gene modulation induced by zoledronic acid (ZOL) in androgen-resistant prostate cancer PC3 cells with cDNA microarray platform to identify new molecular targets of ZOL in prostate cancer. The gene coding for cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61 (CYR61) resulted highly downregulated with a fold change of 5.58. Therefore, we have studied the effects of ZOL on CYR61 protein product, and we have found that CYR61 protein expression was decreased significantly after exposure to ZOL. The effect of ZOL on CYR61 expression was dose and time dependent was due to a reduced transcriptional activity of CYR61 promo...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - July 18, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Monica Marra, Daniele Santini, Giuseppina Meo, Bruno Vincenzi, Silvia Zappavigna, Alfonso Baldi, Maciej Rosolowski, Giuseppe Tonini, Markus Loeffler, Ruth Lupu, Santolo Rosario Addeo, Alberto Abbruzzese, Alfredo Budillon, Michele Caraglia Source Type: journals

Detection of Intracellular Granularity Induction in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by Small Molecules Using the HyperCyt(R) High-Throughput Flow Cytometry SystemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men due to the limited number of treatment strategies available for advanced disease. Discovery of effective chemotherapeutics involves the identification of agents that inhibit cancer cell growth. Increases in intracellular granularity have been observed during physiological processes that include senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy, making this phenotypic change a useful marker for identifying small molecules that induce cellular growth arrest or death. In this regard, epithelial-derived cancer cell lines appear uniquely susceptible to increased intracellular granularity...
Source: Journal of Biomolecular Screening - July 16, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Haynes, M. K., Strouse, J. J., Waller, A., Leitao, A., Curpan, R. F., Bologa, C., Oprea, T. I., Prossnitz, E. R., Edwards, B. S., Sklar, L. A., Thompson, T. A. Tags: Article Source Type: journals

Matrix Protein CCN1 Is Critical for Prostate Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays an important role in immune surveillance and preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells over normal cells, suggesting its potential in cancer therapy. However, the molecular basis for its selective killing of cancer cells is not well understood. Recent studies have identified the CCN family of integrin-binding matricellular proteins as important regulators of cell behavior, including cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. We show here that CCN1 (CYR61) supports the adhesion of prostatic carcinoma cells as an adh...
Source: Cell Research - July 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Franzen CA, Chen CC, Todorovic V, Juric V, Monzon RI, Lau LF Tags: Mol Cancer Res Source Type: journals

Primary research on chinese medicine treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Feature ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11655-009-0168-yAuthors Shu-wu Zhang, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075 ChinaShi-yi Zhou, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075 ChinaJi-chun Shao, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075 ChinaXiao-wei Qu, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 610075 China Journal Chinese Journal of Integrative MedicineOnline ISSN 1993-0402Print ISSN 1672-0415 Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Chinese Journ...
Source: Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine - July 1, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Source Type: journals

Molecular biology underlying the clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer: an update.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a broad spectrum of pathologic and molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors. Numerous mechanisms contribute to the development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy, resulting in ligand-independent reactivation of the androgen receptor, including amplification, mutation, phosphorylation, and activation of coreceptors. Multiple translocations of members of the ETS oncogene family are present in approximately half of clinically localized prostate cancers. TMPRSS2:ERG gene rearrangement appears to be an early event in prostate cancer...
Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine - June 30, 2009 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Mackinnon AC, Yan BC, Joseph LJ, Al-Ahmadie HA Tags: Arch Pathol Lab Med Source Type: journals

Key targets of hormonal treatment of prostate cancer. Part 1: the androgen receptor and steroidogenic pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this review is to provide an understanding of the mechanisms that prostate cancer cells use to bypass androgen-deprived conditions. We searched PubMed for experimental and clinical studies that describe the molecular changes that lead to CRPC. CRPC remains dependent on a functional androgen receptor (AR), AR-mediated processes, and on the availability of intraprostatic intracellular androgens. CRPCs might acquire different (molecular) mechanisms that enable them to use intracellular androgens more efficiently (AR amplification, AR protein overexpression, AR hypersensitivity), use alternative splice variant...
Source: BJU International - June 24, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: André N. Vis, Fritz H. Schröder Source Type: journals

Effects of cIAP-1, cIAP-2 and XIAP triple knockdown on prostate cancer cell susceptibility to apoptosis, cell survival and proliferationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Simultaneous knock down of the IAPs not only sensitised the PC-3 to TRAIL but also inhibited their proliferation rates and clonogenic survival. The inability to alter sensitivity to other triggers of apoptosis suggests that this effect is specific for death receptor pathways and knock down might facilitate immune-surveillance mechanisms to counter cancer progression and, in combination with therapeutic approaches using TRAIL, could represent an important treatment strategy. (Source: Molecular Cancer)
Source: Molecular Cancer - June 22, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Catherine GillCatherine DowlingAmanda O'NeillR. William Watson Source Type: journals

Hesperidin suppressed proliferations of both Human breast cancer and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated whether hesperidin affected the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)/[agr]-tubulin (MCF-7-GFP-Tubulin cells), androgen-independent PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells, and androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The results were as follows. (1) Hesperidin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7-GFP-Tubulin cells, probably not through an antimitotic mechanism. (2) Hesperidin also inhibited both basal and testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. (3) However, hesperidin did not significantly affect the cell proliferation of t...
Source: Phytotherapy Research - June 21, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Choong Jae Lee, Leslie Wilson, Mary Ann Jordan, Vy Nguyen, Jessica Tang, Gregory Smiyun Source Type: journals

Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3 via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in ursolic acid-induced DU145 cells apoptosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is currently no successful therapy for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on various tumors. We investigated the effect of UA on cell viability in the human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line DU-145, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth inhibiting effect. We demonstrated that UA induces apoptosis and the activation of caspase-3 in DU145 cells. UA also causes the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but has no effect on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases ...
Source: Biochimie - June 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang YX, Kong CZ, Wang HQ, Wang LH, Xu CL, Sun YH Tags: Biochimie Source Type: journals

Inositol hexaphosphate downregulates both constitutive and ligand-induced mitogenic and cell survival signaling, and causes caspase-mediated apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Constitutively active mitogenic and prosurvival signaling cascades due to aberrant expression and interaction of growth factors and their receptors are well documented in human prostate cancer (PCa). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are potent mitogens that regulate proliferation and survival of PCa cells via autocrine and paracrine loops involving both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and Akt-mediated signaling. Accordingly, here we assessed the effect of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) on constitutive and ligand (EGF and IGF-1)-induced biological responses and associated signali...
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis - June 17, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mallikarjuna Gu, Komal Raina, Chapla Agarwal, Rajesh Agarwal Source Type: journals

Treatment of prostate cancer cells with adenoviral vector-mediated antisense RNA using androgen-dependent and androgen-independent promotersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The present study was designed to develop a novel antisense approach to prostate cancer therapy. We constructed ODC/AdoMetDC double antisense RNA recombinant adenovirus mediated by a prostate-specific androgen-dependent promoter (pADxsi-P2-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA) or a prostate-specific androgen-independent promoter (pADxsi-P1-AdoMetDC-ODC-PolyA). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the ODC and AdoMetDC protein levels. The growth curves for each group of cells were determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect cell apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle distribution in order...
Source: Medical Oncology - June 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Medical Oncology Source Type: journals

Mammalian target of rapamycin: A new target in prostate cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Molecular targets in prostate cancer are continually being explored, especially in the poor-prognosis androgen-independent phase of the disease, for which there are currently few therapeutic options. One such target is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein. Activation of mTOR results in sequential activation of downstream molecules, which ultimately results in cell division. In this review, we consider the rationale for pursuing mTOR as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer and summarize preclinical and clinical studies of mTOR inhibition in prostate cancer. PMID: 19523861 [PubMed - as supplied by publ...
Source: Urologic Oncology - June 10, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rai JS, Henley MJ, Ratan HL Tags: Urol Oncol Source Type: journals

Inhibin-alpha subunit expression linked to advanced prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inhibin-alpha subunit has pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic effects in prostate cancer and is associated with androgen-independent metastatic disease, Australian study findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Prostate Cancer)
Source: MedWire News - Prostate Cancer - June 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Inhibin-alpha subunit expression linked to advanced prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Inhibin-alpha subunit has pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic effects in prostate cancer and is associated with androgen-independent metastatic disease, Australian study findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)
Source: MedWire News - Oncology - June 3, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Immunotherapy data may signal new era in advanced prostate cancer careEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Results of a milestone study on the use of an experimental form of immunotherapy may usher in a new era in the management of androgen-independent prostate cancer. (Source: UrologyTimes - Prostate Cancer)
Source: UrologyTimes - Prostate Cancer - June 1, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: journals

Suppression of ErbB-2 in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells enhances cytotoxic effect by gemcitabine in an androgen-reduced environmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the efficacy of combination treatments utilizing cytotoxic drugs plus inhibitors to members of the ErbB–ERK signal pathway in human prostate cancer (PCa) LNCaP C-81 cells. Under an androgen-reduced condition, 50nM gemcitabine caused about 40% growth suppression on C-81 cells. Simultaneous treatment of gemcitabine plus 10μM AG825 produced 60% suppression (p (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - May 24, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li Zhang, Jeffrey S. Davis, Stanislav Zelivianski, Fen-Fen Lin, Rachel Schutte, Thomas L. Davis, Ralph Hauke, Surinder K. Batra, Ming-Fong Lin Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: journals

Prostate cancer: Resistance is (hopefully) futileEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nature Reviews Cancer 9, 386 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrc2668 Author: Sarah Seton-Rogers Anti-androgens, such as bicalutamide, are used to treat advanced prostate cancer, but eventually the tumours become androgen independent (known as castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC). Three recent papers have identified promising new ways in which the androgen receptor (AR) might be targeted to overcome resistance. (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)
Source: Nature Reviews Cancer - May 23, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah Seton-Rogers Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: journals

Clinical research on treatment of advanced androgen independent prostate cancer with Docetaxel and ThalidomideEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion The regimen of Docetaxel combined with Thalidomide was effective and tolerable in the treatment of advanced AIPC. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10330-009-0028-4Authors Jing Tian, The People’s Hospital of Leshan Department of Oncology Leshan 614000 ChinaDonghai Teng, The People’s Hospital of Leshan Department of Urology Leshan 614000 ChinaXiangdong Shu, The People’s Hospital of Leshan Department of Oncology Leshan 614000 ChinaHong Lu, The People’s Hospital of Leshan Department of Oncology Leshan 614000 ChinaHui Chen, The People’s Hospital of Leshan Department of Oncology L...
Source: The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology Source Type: journals

Provenge Shows Survival Benefit in Prostate CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CHICAGO — Autologous active cellular immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T, the controversial investigative agent with the brand name Provenge, extended survival by a median of 4.1 months in men with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer, according to the most recent data from the IMPACT study. (Source: Internal Medicine News)
Source: Internal Medicine News - May 15, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: SUSAN BIRK Tags: Urology Source Type: journals

Osteosclerotic prostate cancer metastasis to murine bone are enhanced with increased bone formationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Spontaneous development of osteoblastic lesions of prostate cancer (PCa) in mice is modeled by orthotopic (intraprostatic) deposition of neoplastic cells followed by an extremely long latency associated with low incidence of spontaneous bone metastasis. Intracardial injection results in overt bone metastases only with osteoclastic PCa cells (i.e., PC-3). Herein, we report that androgen independent osteoblastic PCa cells readily colonize bone when in a high remodeling state. SCID/Beige mice were subjected to periods of intermittent human parathyroid hormone 1–34 (hPTH) exposure, followed by an intr...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Metastasis - May 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clinical and Experimental Metastasis Source Type: journals

Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase is overexpressed in the conditioned medium and the extract of LNCaP lineaged androgen independent cell lines and facilitates prostate cancer progressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is not responsive to androgen ablation therapy. The biomarkers of AIPC are lack. Numerous proteomics studies have focused on finding new markers of AIPC and exploring their possible functions, but little is known about the difference between conditioned medium (CM) from AIPC and androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells.We performed a proteome analysis of CM from LNCaP, C4-2, and C4-2B cells by a two dimensional electrophoresis based technology. Western blots and immunohistochemical studies were employed to explore the expression pattern of the identified protein in prostat...
Source: The Prostate - May 4, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Bo Pang, Hui Zhang, Jian Wang, Wen-Zheng Chen, Shan-Hu Li, Qing-Guo Shi, Rei-Xia Liang, Bang-Xiang Xie, Rui-Qin Wu, Xiao-Long Qian, Lan Yu, Qi-Man Li, Cui-Fen Huang, Jian-Guang Zhou Source Type: journals

Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose induces S- and G1-cell cycle arrests in prostate cancer cells targeting DNA replication and cyclin D1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have recently shown that penta-1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a naturally occurring hydrolyzable gallotannin, inhibited the in vivo growth of human androgen-independent p53-mutant DU145 prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft in athymic nude mice without adverse effect on their body weight. We have also shown that PGG induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in the DU145 cells and the androgen-dependent human p53-wild-type LNCaP cells. Here, we investigated the cell cycle effects of PGG in these and other PCa cells. Our data show that treatment with subapoptotic doses of PGG induced S-arrest, whereas higher doses of PGG in...
Source: Carcinogenesis - April 30, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hu, H., Zhang, J., Lee, H. J., Kim, S.-H., Lu, J. Tags: CANCER PREVENTION Source Type: journals

The prostatic environment suppresses growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer xenografts: An effect influenced by testosteroneEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interactions between prostate cancer cells and their surrounding stroma play an important role in the growth and maintenance of prostate tumors. To elucidate this further, we investigated how growth of androgen-dependent (AD) LNCaP and androgen-independent (AI) LNCaP-19 prostate tumors was affected by different microenvironments and androgen levels.Tumor cells were implanted subcutaneously and orthotopically in intact and castrated immunodeficient mice. Orthotopic tumor growth was followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gene expression in the tumors was evaluated by means of microarray analysis and microvessel densit...
Source: The Prostate - April 29, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Karin Jennbacken, Heléne Gustavsson, Tajana Te[scaron]an, Michael Horn, Christina Vallbo, Karin Welén, Jan-Erik Damber Source Type: journals

Id-1 expression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer is negatively regulated by androgen through androgen receptorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study discovered that Id-1 expression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer decreased immediately after androgen deprivation but increased after longer androgen deprivation both in vivo and in vitro. Id-1 expression in androgen-independent LNCaP cells was about 6 fold as that in their parental cells. As was the case with LNCaP cells, when androgen receptor (AR) was introduced into AR-negative PC-3 cells, dihydrotestosterone inhibited while flutamide increased Id-1 expression. Thus, Id-1 expression in androgen-dependent prostate cancer was negatively regulated by androgen in a receptor-dependent way. The re-increased I...
Source: Cancer Letters - April 22, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bin Xu, Yinghao Sun, Gusheng Tang, Chuanliang Xu, Linhui Wang, Yuxi Zhang, Jiatao Ji Tags: Original articles Source Type: journals

A Potential New Target For Treatment Of Hormone Refractory Prostate CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new study identifies a protein that modifies the androgen receptor (AR) and influences its ability to regulate target genes linked with the progression of prostate cancer. The research, published by Cell Press in the April 7th issue of the journal Cancer Cell, may also drive creation of new strategies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer that no longer responds to traditional anti-hormone therapies. The AR is an important mediator for the development and progression of prostate cancer, including the progression to the aggressive and often lethal androgen-independent form of the disease. "Androgen ablation therap...
Source: Cancercompass News: Prostate Cancer - April 18, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

RelB Enhances Prostate Cancer Growth: Implications for the Role of the Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Alternative Pathway in TumorigenicityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The nuclear factor-B (NF-B) classic pathway is thought to be critical for tumorigenesis, but little is known about the role of the NF-B alternative pathway in cancer development. Recently, high constitutive nuclear levels of RelB have been observed in human prostate cancer specimens with high Gleason scores. Here, we used four complementary approaches to test whether RelB contributes to tumorigenicity of prostate cancer. Inhibiting RelB in aggressive androgen-independent PC-3 cells by stable or conditional expression of a dominant-negative p100 mutant significantly reduced the incidence and growth rate of tumors. The decre...
Source: Cancer Research - April 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xu, Y., Josson, S., Fang, F., Oberley, T. D., St. Clair, D. K., Wan, X. S., Sun, Y., Bakthavatchalu, V., Muthuswamy, A., St. Clair, W. H. Tags: Priority Reports Source Type: journals

LEF1 in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer: Regulation of Androgen Receptor Expression, Prostate Cancer Growth, and InvasionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined LEF1 expression in androgen-independent cancer as well as its regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, prostate cancer growth, and invasion in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Affymetrix microarray analysis of LNCaP and LNCaP-AI (androgen-independent variant LNCaP) cells revealed 100-fold increases in LEF1 expression in LNCaP-AI cells. We showed that LEF1 overexpression in LNCaP cells resulted in increased AR expression and consequently enhanced growth and invasion ability, whereas LEF1 knockdown in LNCaP-AI cells decreased AR expression and, subsequently, growth and invasion c...
Source: Cancer Research - April 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, M., Melamed, J., Liu, X., Reiter, R., Wei, J., Peng, Y., Zou, X., Pellicer, A., Garabedian, M. J., Ferrari, A., Lee, P. Tags: Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: journals