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Immune systems and ageingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion This well-conducted scientific study looked at complex immune pathways in mice and appears to have been over-interpreted in the study’s press release and lay media reports, which suggest that these findings have important implications for seasonal flu and H1N1 vaccination. It is important that scientists study the complex mechanisms in animal and human immunity, and this early research warrants further exploration. However, given the experimental nature of this animal study, it is premature to conclude that this study is relevant to flu vaccination programmes. Links To The Headlines Elderly people succumb to ...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 19, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Older people Source Type: news

Milestone biodefense publication by Elsevier journal VaccineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Elsevier) Last week during the Vaccines for Biothreats and Emerging and Neglected Diseases Symposium in Galveston Texas, the Elsevier journal Vaccine released a supplement dedicated to vaccines for biodefense. This publication provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview on vaccines that have been developed against a diverse group of human and veterinary pathogens, including Bacillus anthracis, smallpox and blue tongue. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 19, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Impaired immune responses in the lungs of aged mice following influenza infectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Overall, alterations in APC priming and activation lead to delayed production of cytokines and chemokines in the lungs that ultimately affected the infiltration of immune cells following influenza infection. This resulted in delayed activation of the adaptive immune response and subsequent delay in clearance of virus and prolonged illness in aged animals. Since the elderly are the fastest growing segment of the population in developed countries, a better understanding of the changes that occur in the immune system during the aging process is a priority for the development of new vaccines and adjuvants to impro...
Source: Respiratory Research - November 18, 2009 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Franklin ToapantaTed Ross Source Type: journals

Detection of antibodies against genogroup GIV norovirus in carnivores.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noroviruses (NoV) resembling human GIV NoVs (Alphatron-like) have recently been detected in carnivores. By using an ELISA assay based on baculovirus-expressed capsid protein VP1 of the lion strain GGIV.2/Pistoia/387/06/ITA, NoV-specific antibodies were detected in cats (16.11%) and dogs (4.8%), demonstrating that these animals are exposed to infection by NoVs. PMID: 19923574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology)
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Di Martino B, Marsilio F, Di Profio F, Lorusso E, Friedrich KG, Buonavoglia C, Martella V Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Removal of Species Constraints in Antibody Detection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Serum antibodies from myriad species, particularly birds, can provide key information regarding transmission and territory expansion of emerging pathogens. Expedient antibody analysis is constrained by a lack of species-specific reagents, a deficiency potentially highlighted by the recent swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) outbreak. Available methodologies present difficulties that discourage thorough serologic monitoring of potential disease vectors or hosts. Rapid high throughput procedures were developed that combined serum amine labeling via biotinylation, contaminant removal, and microsphere-based immunoassays for an...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Basile AJ, Biggerstaff BJ, Kosoy OL, Junna SR, Panella NA, Powers AM, Stark LM, Nemeth NM Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Identification of immune parameters to differentiate disease states among sheep infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, immune parameters of animals naturally-infected with MAP and identified post mortem as PB, MB or AS were compared, to provide further understanding of the immunological reactivity contributing to, or resulting from, these different disease states in sheep. PB was associated with strong ex vivo MAP antigen-stimulated IFNgamma responses, pronounced increases in CD25(+) T cell frequencies in circulation, antibody production and a B cell population that expanded significantly upon ex vivo antigenic stimulation. The MB group featured the highest antibody levels and a lack of cellular immune responsiveness to MAP ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 18, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gillan S, O'Brien R, Hughes AD, Griffin JF Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

[Personal View] Yearly influenza vaccinations: a double-edged sword?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Yearly vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses is recommended for certain individuals at high risk of complications associated with influenza. It has been recommended in some countries, including the USA, that all children aged 6–59 months are vaccinated against seasonal influenza. However, it has been shown—mainly in animals—that infection with influenza A viruses can induce protective immunity to influenza A viruses of other unrelated subtypes. This so-called heterosubtypic immunity does not provide full protection, but can limit virus replication and reduce morbidity and mortality of the host. This type of ...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - November 16, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rogier Bodewes, Joost HCM Kreijtz, Guus F Rimmelzwaan Tags: Personal View Source Type: journals

Role of Wild Suids in the Epidemiology of African Swine FeverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  There is presently no vaccine to combat African swine fever (ASF), a viral hemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs that causes up to 100% morbidity and mortality in naive, commercial pig populations. In its endemic setting, ASF virus cycles between asymptomatic warthogs and soft ticks, with persistence in exotic locations being ascribed to the almost global distribution of susceptible soft tick and suid hosts. An understanding of the role played by diverse hosts in the epidemiology of this multi-host disease is crucial for effective disease control. Unlike the intensively studied Ornithodoros tick vector...
Source: EcoHealth - November 14, 2009 Category: Environmental Health Tags: EcoHealth Source Type: journals

Anti-viral properties and mode of action of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract against highly pathogenic avian Influenza virus (H5N1, H7N7) and swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: As a result of these investigations, we believe that this standard Echinacea preparation, used at the recommended dose for oral consumption, could be a useful, readily available and affordable addition to existing control options for IV replication and dissemination. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - November 13, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Stephan PleschkaMichael SteinRoland SchoopJames Hudson Source Type: journals

H1N1 (swine flu) weekly update: Nov. 4 – 10Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Here are this week’s H1N1 updates from the HealthMap team of the Children’s Hospital Informatics Program. Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Slovakia, and St. Lucia reported their first H1N1 deaths, while Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Latvia, and Armenia reported their 1st cases of H1N1. Last week, Ukraine (population 46 million) saw a first wave of H1N1 begin. Since last week’s blog, the number infected has increased at least five-fold to 1.3 million sick and 174 dead. Neighboring Slovakia and Russia tightened their borders as Ukraine’s outbreak spread. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that H1N1 has b...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - November 12, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: The HealthMap Team Tags: All posts H1N1 (swine flu) Flu vaccine HealthMap swine flu vaccine Source Type: organizations

Protection against dengue virus by non-replicating and live attenuated vaccines used together in a prime boost vaccination strategy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new vaccination strategy for dengue virus (DENV) was evaluated in rhesus macaques by priming with tetravalent purified inactivated virus (TPIV) or tetravalent plasmid DNA vaccines expressing the structural prME gene region (TDNA) then boosting 2 months later with a tetravalent live attenuated virus (TLAV) vaccine. Both vaccine combinations elicited virus neutralizing (N) antibodies. The TPIV/TLAV combination afforded complete protection against DENV 3 challenge at month 8. In a second experiment, priming with TPIV elicited N antibodies against all four serotypes (GMT 1:28 to 1:43). Boosting with TLAV led to an increa...
Source: Virology - November 12, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Simmons M, Burgess T, Lynch J, Putnak R Tags: Virology Source Type: journals

Heat shock protein 110 improves the anti-tumor effects of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope E7(49-57) in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several strategies have been used to enhance the vaccine-induced immunity of peptide vaccines and effective therapeutic benefits, including the utilization of heat shock proteins (HSP), especially the HSP70 family. HSP110 exhibits a higher binding affinity with protein and is capable of enhancing the immunogenicity of protein antigens; however, whether HSP110 can also increase the efficiency of peptide vaccine remains unclear. Here, we investigated mHSP110 as a chaperone immunoadjuvant to enhance the immune response to HPV16 oncoprotein E7-derived CTL epitope E7(49-57) in a mouse model. We developed the HSP110-E7(49-57...
Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy - November 11, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ren F, Xu Y, Mao L, Ou R, Ding Z, Zhang X, Tang J, Li B, Jia Z, Tian Z, Ni B, Wu Y Tags: Cancer Biol Ther Source Type: journals

Early tests on cervical cancer drugsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion This small study has shown that the oestrogen receptor blockers fulvestrant and raloxifene can treat cervical cancers in genetically engineered mice with this disease. Although these results suggest that the drugs may be worth investigating further for potential use in human cervical cancer, they may not represent the effects that the drugs would have in humans. As the researchers note, “Although our transgenic mouse model for HPV-associated cervical cancer recapitulates most aspects of human cervical cancer, it is obvious that further study is needed to determine whether this proposed model is relevant to h...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 10, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Medical practice Source Type: news

Partial CD4 Depletion Reduces Regulatory T Cells Induced by Multiple Vaccinations and Restores Therapeutic Efficacy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CD4+ T(reg) cells limit the efficacy of multiple vaccinations and that timed partial depletion of CD4+ T cells may reduce suppression and "tip-the-balance" in favor of therapeutic antitumor immunity. The recent failure of large phase III cancer vaccine clinical trials, wherein patients received multiple vaccines, underscores the potential clinical relevance of these findings. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):6881-90). PMID: 19903784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research)
Source: Cell Research - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lacelle MG, Jensen SM, Fox BA Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: journals

Effect of Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses to a Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccine: Outcome of a Multicenter Randomized Trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: High immune response rates for this multipeptide vaccine were achieved, but CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses were lower when administered with GM-CSF. These data challenge the value of local GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant in humans. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):7036-44). PMID: 19903780 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research)
Source: Cell Research - November 10, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Slingluff CL, Petroni GR, Olson WC, Smolkin ME, Ross MI, Haas NB, Grosh WW, Boisvert ME, Kirkwood JM, Chianese-Bullock KA Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: journals

Improvement of a recombinant antibody-based serological assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have determined the precise binding site of the recombinant detecting antibody to a conserved sequence within the 3B region of the 3ABC protein, replaced the original E-tag of the detecting antibody with two in-house tags and engineered a direct antibody-reporting enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) fusion protein. These modifications have further improved the DIVA test, providing great potential for large scale production and uptake due to its simplicity, reproducibility and low cost. PMID: 19913020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunological Methods)
Source: Journal of Immunological Methods - November 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Muller JD, Wilkins M, Foord AJ, Dolezal O, Yu M, Heine HG, Wang LF Tags: J Immunol Methods Source Type: journals

An assessment of chicken husbandry including Newcastle disease control in rural areas of Chibuto, MozambiqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study supported the efficacy of the I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine as shown by the increased average flock size and decreased incidence of chicken mortality due to Newcastle disease. The level of farmer involvement and ongoing commitment by community vaccinators suggest that the Chibuto vaccination program is likely to be sustainable in the medium- to long-term. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11250-009-9480-yAuthors Jennifer L. Harrison, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine New York NY 14853 USARobyn G. Alders, KYEEMA Foundation The International Rural Poultry Centre Brisbane Australia ...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - November 9, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical animal Health and Production Source Type: journals

A new perspective on preventing an epidemic: How H1N1 compares to SARS and the Nipah virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By Aaron Bernstein, MD, MPH, physician in Medicine at Children’s and faculty, Center for Health and the Global Environment Sometimes, the best perspectives come from far away places and few places are farther from Boston than Singapore, a small, developed, and modern island nation in southeast Asia, where I spent much of October. The distance between Boston and Singapore is more than geographic, however. While away, H1N1 influenza reclaimed the national spotlight back home. Hardly a day went by without mention of it in the news. It became the topic of conversation among doctors and patients everywhere. Well, almost e...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - November 9, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Children's Hospital Boston staff Tags: All posts H1N1 (swine flu) perspective on flu preventing epidemic SARS SARS and H1N1 Singapore flu Source Type: organizations

A new eco-perspective on preventing an epidemic: How H1N1 compares to SARS and the Nipah virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By Aaron Bernstein, MD, MPH, physician in Medicine at Children’s and faculty, Center for Health and the Global Environment Sometimes the best perspectives come from far away places and few places are farther from Boston than Singapore, a small yet highly developed island nation in southeast Asia where I spent much of October. The distance between Boston and Singapore is more than geographic, however. While I was away, H1N1 reclaimed the national spotlight back home. Not a day went by without mention of it in the news. It became the topic of conversation among doctors and patients everywhere. Well, almost everywhere. ...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - November 9, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Children's Hospital Boston staff Tags: All posts H1N1 (swine flu) perspective on flu preventing epidemic SARS SARS and H1N1 Singapore flu Source Type: organizations

Emergence of Bluetongue Serotypes in Europe, Part 2: The Occurrence of a BTV-11 Strain in BelgiumEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An EDTA-blood sample from a cow without clinical signs, which gave early birth to a newborn calf that died soon after delivery, was shown to be positive for bluetongue virus (BTV)-RNA using a group-specific real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). In-house serotype-specific RT-qPCR assays for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1), -6 and -8 all gave negative results. Subsequent assays were carried out using conventional (gel-based) RT-PCR primers for all 25 BTV serotypes and only two primer sets, both specific for BTV-11, gave bands of the expected size. The cDNAs generated were sequenced and comparisons of the genome segment 2 sequence ...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - November 9, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. De Clercq, P. Mertens, I. De Leeuw, C. Oura, P. Houdart, A. C. Potgieter, S. Maan, J. Hooyberghs, C. Batten, E. Vandemeulebroucke, I. M. Wright, N. Maan, F. Riocreux, A. Sanders, Y. Vanderstede, K. Nomikou, M. Raemaekers, A. Bin-Tarif, A. Shaw, M. He Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of DNA vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) in calves.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Four DNA vaccines against BoHV-1 were evaluated for their efficacy in calves. Twelve animals were divided into four groups which were injected with four different DNA vaccines: pVAX-tgD (Vaccine A); pVAX-tgD co-immunised with pVAX-48CpG (Vaccine B); pVAX-UbiLacI-tgD-L (Vaccine C); pVAX-UbiLacI-tgD-L co-immunised with pVAX-48CpG (Vaccine D). Three additional calves were given the plasmid vector and served as controls. Ninety days after the first vaccination all calves were challenge infected with BoHV-1. All animals developed a severe form of infections bovine rhinotracheitis. Only the calves given the pVAX-tgD co-immun...
Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. - November 9, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Petrini S, Ramadori G, Corradi A, Borghetti P, Lombardi G, Villa R, Bottarelli E, Guercio A, Amici A, Ferrari M Tags: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis Source Type: journals

GM-CSF is one of the main breast tumor-derived soluble factors involved in the differentiation of CD11b-Gr1- bone marrow progenitor cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we determined that GM-CSF was one of the tumor-derived soluble factors that induced differentiation of CD11b-Gr1- progenitor cells from within monocytic/granulocytic bone marrow cells into CD11b+Gr1+ cells. We also showed that CD11b+Gr1+ cells in FVBN202 mice consisted of CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C+ suppressive and CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ non-suppressive subsets. Previously reported variations between tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals in the function of their CD11b+Gr1+ cells were found to be due to the variations in the proportion of these two subsets. Therefore, increasing ratios of CD11b+Gr1+ cells derived from tumo...
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - November 7, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Source Type: journals

Human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - Pennsylvania, 2009.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes this case, which was the second case of human vaccinia infection related to the ORV program. Public health agencies should educate the public, and particularly pet owners, regarding potential hazards associated with handling wildlife rabies vaccine baits and should provide guidance for persons exposed to this vaccine. PMID: 19893480 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 6, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: journals

Identification of Theileria uilenbergi immunodominant protein for development of an indirect ELISA for diagnosis of ovine theileriosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Theileriosis of small ruminants in the northwest of China is a protozoan disease that restricts the development of the livestock industry. The disease is caused by infection with Theileria uilenbergi and Theilerialuwenshuni, both of which are transmitted by ixodid Heamaphysalis ticks. The development of serological tools as a means of integrated control of the disease is an urgent and important requirement. Here we describe the identification and partial recombinant expression of a T.uilenbergi immunodominant protein (TuIP), which was identified by immunoscreening of a merozoite cDNA library. Using the recombinant TuIP...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - November 6, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Liu Z, Wang Z, Yin H, Luo J, Zhang B, Kullmann B, Abdo J, Hassan D, Ahmed J, Seitzer U Tags: Int J Parasitol Source Type: journals

Questions and Answers about 2009 H1N1 in petsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
What animals can be infected with the 2009 H1N1 virus? How do companion animals become infected with 2009 H1N1? Can I get 2009 H1N1 influenza from my pet? Is there a vaccine available for my pet? (Source: CDC Swine Flu Updates)
Source: CDC Swine Flu Updates - November 5, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

WHO: Infection of Farmed Animals with the Pandemic VirusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, extensive testing by laboratories in the WHO influenza surveillance network has detected no signs that the H1N1 pandemic virus has mutated to a more virulent form. Currently licensed pandemic vaccines closely match circulating viruses and are expected to confer good protection. (Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases)
Source: PandemicFlu.gov RSS Feed for News Releases - November 5, 2009 Category: American Health Source Type: news

Demonstration of anti-tumor activity of oncolytic measles virus strains in a malignant pleural effusion breast cancer modelEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  Breast cancer is the second leading cause of malignant effusions in cancer patients. Pleural effusion indicates incurable disease with limited palliative treatment options and poor outcome. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of measles virus (MV) vaccine strain derivative against malignant pleural effusion in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model of advanced breast cancer. Both systemic intravenous (i.v.) and intrapleural (t.t.) administered virus caused massive infection and syncytia formation in the pleural tumor deposits. Intrapleural administration of 1.5 × 106 plaque-forming units...
Source: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - November 5, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Source Type: journals

Infection of farmed animals with the pandemic virusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, extensive testing by laboratories in the WHO influenza surveillance network has detected no signs that the H1N1 pandemic virus has mutated to a more virulent form. Currently licensed pandemic vaccines closely match circulating viruses and are expected to confer good protection. (Source: WHO Swine Flu)
Source: WHO Swine Flu - November 5, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

Immunological factors relating to the antitumor effect of temozolomide chemo-immunotherapy in a murine glioma model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the potential of combined treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) and the underlying immunological factors of TMZ chemo-immunotherapy in an intracranial GL26 glioma animal model. The combined treatment enhanced the tumor-specific immune responses and prolonged the survival more effectively than either single therapy in GL26 tumor-bearing animals. Apoptosis was induced in the tumor of animals by the treatment with TMZ. Calreticulin (CRT) surface exposure was detected by immunofluorescence staining in TMZ-treated GL26 cells. TMZ chemotherapy...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kim TG, Kim CH, Park JS, Park SD, Kim CK, Chung DS, Hong YK Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Twenty reasons why vitamin D is better than a swine flu vaccineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) The news is out: Vitamin D is better than the swine flu vaccine at halting H1N1 infections. In fact, without vitamin D, chances are that a vaccine won't generate much of an immune response in the first place.That's because vitamin D is essential for healthy, active immune function. That's just one of the reasons smart people are choosing vitamin D instead of the swine flu vaccine. Here are nineteen more reasons:#1 Vitamin D activates your immune system to respond to any viral exposure (not just one virus).#2 Vitamin D naturally belongs in your body.#3 Vitamin D has been functioning as medicine in the human bo...
Source: NaturalNews.com - November 3, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Determination of lesion volume by MRI and stereology in a macaque model of tuberculosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SUMMARY: Sensitive and reproducible methods are needed to measure the impact on the host following experimental challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in order to determine the degree of protection conferred by new vaccines. Here we compare how well different clinical and post-mortem measures of disease burden predict the response by the host to increasing doses of M. tuberculosis in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. The total lung and lesion volume was quantified from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) digital stacks obtained from lungs of M. tuberculosis infected animals that were formalin fixed and scanned ex-vivo. The ...
Source: Tuberculosis - November 2, 2009 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: S.A. Sharpe, E. Eschelbach, R.J. Basaraba, F. Gleeson, G.A. Hall, A. McIntyre, A. Williams, S.L. Kraft, S. Clark, K. Gooch, G. Hatch, I.M. Orme, P.D. Marsh, M.J. Dennis Source Type: journals

Advanced canine reproductive techniques: the most current approaches in breeding managementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dogs are arguably one of the most difficult species in which to manage reproduction. Their estrous cycle and reproductive physiology differ from most other domestic species. In discussing the most current assisted reproductive techniques, it is important to review the canine estrous cycle, as well as the current available methods to manipulate the estrous cycle. Accurate knowledge of breeding timing techniques including vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy, and progesterone and lutenizing hormone testing are vital to proper breeding management, as improper timing is the most frequent cause for suspected infertility. In addition, ...
Source: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research - November 1, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. O'Connor, A.M. Traas Tags: Abstracts Source Type: journals

Vaccination of healthy subjects and autoantibodies: from mice through dogs to humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vaccination against pathogenic microorganisms is one of the major achievements of modern medicine, but due to an increasing number of reports of adverse reactions the vaccination procedure has induced also considerable debate. It is well known that certain infections are involved in triggering the production of autoantibodies, which could lead to autoimmune adverse reactions in genetically predisposed subjects. Based on these findings it was assumed that vaccinations might induce similar autoimmune reactions. At present there is no clear-cut evidence that vaccinations are associated with overt autoimmune diseases but i...
Source: Lupus - November 1, 2009 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Toplak N, Avcin T Tags: Lupus Source Type: journals

Profit Driven Swine Flu Propaganda - Pump Up the Volume - Part FiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article is part five in a six-part series. Be sure to read part four at http://www.naturalnews.com/027336_swine_flu_health_propaganda.htmlIn the video commentary titled, Mild Swine Flu and Over-Hyped Vaccine, on the website for the National Vaccine Information Center, the group's co-founder and president, Barbara Loe Fisher, reports: "We are witnessing a roll-out of the largest, most expensive mass vaccination campaign in the history of our nation. A rollout that is bigger than even the polio vaccine campaigns of the 1950's.""If you or your child are injured from getting a flu swine flu shot, you are on your own," Fis...
Source: NaturalNews.com - October 30, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Influenza vaccination of children and susceptibility to pandemic fluEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases Area: News The authors of a Personal view article in Lancet Infectious Diseases note that data derived mainly from animals indicate that infection with influenza A viruses can induce protective immunity to influenza A viruses of other unrelated subtypes, i.e. heterosubtypic immunity, which does not provide full protection, but can limit virus replication and reduce morbidity and mortality of the host. They suggest that this type of immunity might be relevant to humans when a new subtype of influenza A virus is introduced into the population, such as the influenza A H1N1 virus. They postu...
Source: NeLM - Immunology and vaccination - October 30, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: organizations

Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a kidney–pancreas transplant patient after exposure to recently vaccinated dogsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report expands the spectrum of immunocompromised hosts to include renal[ndash]pancreas transplant patients who have developed infection from B. bronchiseptica, while illustrating the risks associated with animal contacts and attenuated vaccines in the immunosuppressed population. (Source: Transplant Infectious Disease)
Source: Transplant Infectious Disease - October 29, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: J.J. Gisel, L.M. Brumble, M.M. Johnson Source Type: journals

The Potential of Polyphosphazenes for Delivery of Vaccine Antigens and Immunotherapeutic Agents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Polyphosphazene polyelectrolytes are synthetic, biodegradable polymers that have shown great potential in vaccine and drug delivery applications. Numerous investigations in laboratory animals have revealed that polyphosphazenes are also potent immunological adjuvants that can dramatically enhance the magnitude, quality and duration of immune responses to a variety of bacterial and viral vaccine antigens. Evidence is accumulating that these polymers have potent adjuvant activity in large animals as well. Interestingly, polyphosphazenes can be combined with novel immune modulatory agents resulting in even more potent imm...
Source: Current Drug Delivery - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Eng NF, Garlapati S, Gerdts V, Potter A, Babiuk LA, Mutwiri GK Tags: Curr Drug Deliv Source Type: journals

Geron Corporation's Stem Cell TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Geron Corporation is a company based in Menlo Park, CA and the first biotech company in the USA to be granted permission for a clinical trial of regenerative medicine using embryonic stem cells, in humans. While permission was granted in January 2009, the trials were put on hold until last Friday (October 30, 2009) when the latest round of preclinical trials using animals revealed some side effects that warranted further investigation. According to the Geron News Release, test animals receiving the treatment, GRNOPC1, developed a higher number of cysts at the area of spinal cord injury than in previous studies. However, th...
Source: About.com Biotech Biomedical - October 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Source Type: consumer

Molecular Methods for Evaluation of Virological Status of Nonhuman Primates Challenged with Simian Immunodeficiency or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nonhuman primates represent a robust model to evaluate preclinical efficacy of HIV-1 vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Plasma and tissue viral RNA as well as tissue proviral DNA load are key parameters in assessing efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. To quantitate SIV RNA in plasma and tissues, an isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) method using real-time detection of amplified RNA with molecular beacons was developed. This assay has accuracy and reproducibility over seven orders of magnitud...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - October 27, 2009 Category: Virology Authors: Lee EM, Chung HK, Leggett J, Suschak J, Finke L, Hudacik L, Galmin L, Bowen B, Markham P, Cristillo A, Pal R Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: journals

CD1-restricted adaptive immune responses to Mycobacteria in human group 1 CD1 transgenic miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Group 1 CD1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)–restricted T cells recognize mycobacterial lipid antigens and are found at higher frequencies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)–infected individuals. However, their role and dynamics during infection remain unknown because of the lack of a suitable small animal model. We have generated human group 1 CD1 transgenic (hCD1Tg) mice that express all three human group 1 CD1 isoforms and support the development of group 1 CD1–restricted T cells with diverse T cell receptor usage. Both mycobacterial infection and immunization with Mtb lipids elicit group 1 CD1–restricted...
Source: The Journal of Experimental Medicine - October 26, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Felio, K., Nguyen, H., Dascher, C. C., Choi, H.-J., Li, S., Zimmer, M. I., Colmone, A., Moody, D. B., Brenner, M. B., Wang, C.-R. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health closes deal to acquire a significant portion of the Fort Dodge Animal Health Business from PfizerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ingelheim/Germany and St. Joseph/MO, 26 October 2009 - Boehringer Ingelheim, a global pharmaceutical group of companies, together with its U.S. animal health business Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., announced today that it has closed its deal with Pfizer to acquire a significant portion of the Fort Dodge Animal Health business. The acquisition, which includes products in the U.S., Australia, Canada and South Africa, as well as two manufacturing and research facilities located in Fort Dodge, Iowa, significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim2E8s companion animal and cattle portfolios and strengthens the co...
Source: Boehringer Ingelheim RSS-Newsfeed - October 26, 2009 Category: Research Source Type: organizations

Philippines: Ongoing aid to the most vulnerable almost a month after violent tropical stormsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In Manila and surrounding areas, tens of thousands of people are still living in very critical conditions in crowded evacuation centres or partially flooded houses, following the devastation of the storms that hit four and three weeks ago. These living conditions expose the population to waterborne and contagious diseases and close medical follow-up is critical. In the slums near a canal east of Manila and in all affected areas of Laguna Bay, MSF has been running mobile primary healthcare clinics with referrals to local hospitals. “The most frequent diseases we see are respiratory and skin infections as well as dia...
Source: MSF News - October 23, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Tags: NEWS Source Type: organizations

Harmony morality: The Heart of Morality (4a of 9 parts)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Whom do people typically admire for their moral behavior? Those driven by Bunker morality, like Osama bin Laden or Hitler? Although perverted people (e.g., Charles Manson) are sometimes admired, this is atypical (or a naïve adolescent fantasy). Most people don't want to put on the sweater of a murderer (Rozin, Markwith & McCauley, 1994). No way.Rather, people typically admire those who are courageous and humanitarian, who treat others with deep respect, and who act beyond their own interests to help others, like Jonas Salk, who invented the polio vaccine and gave it away, or Norman Borlaug, who brought about the green...
Source: Psychology Today Personality Center - October 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Darcia Narvaez, Ph.D. Tags: Evolutionary Psychology Morality Personality Relationships Social Life adolescent fantasy altruism charles manson compassion florence nightingale green revolution helpfulness Hurricane Katrina jonas salk looters love mammal Source Type: consumer

Effect of adjuvants on immune response and protective immunity elicited by recombinant Hsp60 (GroEL) of Salmonella typhi against S. typhi infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been reported to be dominant antigens for the host immune response to various pathogens and thus, have great potential for use in vaccination. In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi against lethal infection by S. typhi Ty2 in mice with or without adjuvants. Anti GroEL-IgG titers were significantly higher in mice immunized with either GroEL-alone or in combination with alum/Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as compared to the control. Analysis of antibody isotypes suggested predominance of Th2 type immune ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bansal A, Paliwal PK, Sagi SS, Sairam M Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: journals

Streptococcus suis Enolase Functions as a Protective Antigen Displayed on the Bacterial Cell SurfaceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. We conclude that S. suis enolase functions as a protective antigen displayed on the bacterial cell surface and that it can be used to develop new strategies to combat SS2 infections. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - October 22, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals

Possible hidden hazards of mass vaccination against new influenza A/H1N1: have the cardiovascular risks been adequately weighed?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract  Programs for vaccination against the new influenza A/H1N1 targeting many hundred million citizens in Europe and the USA are to be launched in the fall of this year. The USA is planning to employ a non-adjuvanted vaccine, whereas European nations are opting for inclusion of MF59, the adjuvant contained in an alternative seasonal flu vaccine, or the related adjuvant AS03 that is contained in a recently developed H5N1 vaccine. We draw attention to unappreciated hazards of using adjuvanted vaccine in Europe. Evidence from animal experiments in conjunction with clinical epidemiological data indicates tha...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - October 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: Medical Microbiology and Immunology Source Type: journals

H1N1 (swine flu) weekly update: Oct. 14 – 20Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Here are this week’s H1N1 updates from the HealthMap team of the Children’s Hospital Informatics Program. Trinidad & Tobago and Iceland have reported their first H1N1 deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the ongoing H1N1 pandemic remains a cause for concern because of its unpredictable nature, and announced that more than 4735 deaths can now be attributed to the virus. In addition, the WHO identified those most at risk and underscored the risk to the young and healthy. Doctors have been urged to treat suspect cases quickly, as the virus may cause viral pneumonia much more commonly than season...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - October 22, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: The HealthMap Team Tags: All posts H1N1 (swine flu) Flu vaccine HealthMap swine flu vaccine vaccines Source Type: organizations

FDA, FTC threaten Dr. Weil over immune-boosting supplements for H1N1 swine flu (opinion)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) In working to protect the business interests of vaccine manufactures, both the FDA and FTC have declared all-out war against any products that might offer consumers options other than vaccines. This week, that war against natural remedies reached the shores of Dr. Andrew Weil, who is perhaps the best-known alternative medicine doctor in America. In an intimidating, threatening letter jointly issued by the FTC and the FDA, these rogue government agencies threatened Dr. Weil with criminal prosecution for making true statements about his immune-boosting formula such as, "Astragalus ... is ... used traditionally ...
Source: NaturalNews.com - October 22, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Dr. Weil was right: Astragalus herb really helps fight the flu (influenza)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) The FTC and FDA are terrorizing Dr. Andrew Weil over his true statements about the immune-boosting properties of astragalus. According to the FDA, astragalus has no antiviral or antibacterial properties whatsoever and is of absolutely no use in the human body. Sound bizarre?I thought so too. That's why I asked NaturalNews researchers to assemble a collection of statements in support of Dr. Weil's astragalus statements. This medicinal herb does, indeed, boost healthy immune function and offer protection against influenza. And because it's a multifaceted, complex plant-based medicine, it's not outsmarted by one...
Source: NaturalNews.com - October 22, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Arboviruses are capable of causing encephalitis in animals and human population when transmitted by the vector or potentially via infectious aerosol. Recent re-emergence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) in South America emphasizes the importance of this pathogen to public health and veterinary medicine. Despite its importance no antivirals or vaccines against VEEV are currently available in the USA. Here we review some of the older and newer approaches aimed at generating a safe and immunogenic vaccine as well as most recent data about the mechanistic of protection in animal models of infection. PMID:...
Source: Vaccine - October 22, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Paessler S, Weaver SC Tags: vaccine Source Type: journals