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Typhoid vaccine effectiveness in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - November 20, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Miscellanea Source Type: journals

Physical-chemical Characterization and Immunologic Properties of Salmonella ser. Typhi Capsular Polysaccharide-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Typhoid fever remains a serious public health problem in the developing countries, especially among young children. Recent studies showed more than 50% of typhoid cases are in children under 5 years old. Licensed vaccines, such as Salmonella ser. Typhi capsular Vi, did not confer protection against typhoid fever for this age group. Vi conjugate, prepared by binding Vi to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA), induces protective levels of antibody at as young as 2-years old. Because the lack of regulatory precedent of rEPA in licensing vaccines, we employed diphtheria toxoid (DT) as the carrier protein ...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - November 4, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cui C, Carbis R, An SJ, Jang H, Czerkinsky C, Szu SC, Clemens JD Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Effect of adjuvants on immune response and protective immunity elicited by recombinant Hsp60 (GroEL) of Salmonella typhi against S. typhi infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been reported to be dominant antigens for the host immune response to various pathogens and thus, have great potential for use in vaccination. In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi against lethal infection by S. typhi Ty2 in mice with or without adjuvants. Anti GroEL-IgG titers were significantly higher in mice immunized with either GroEL-alone or in combination with alum/Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as compared to the control. Analysis of antibody isotypes suggested predominance of Th2 type immune ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bansal A, Paliwal PK, Sagi SS, Sairam M Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: journals

Historical Data Shows Vaccines are Not what Saved UsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(NaturalNews) With all of the hype surrounding the H1N1 swine flu virus lately, everyone is very concerned with the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and rightly so. This is a very important question that we must all ask ourselves and find out what the truth is. As the debate rages on an even more important question has rarely been asked. Do vaccines even protect you from the viruses and illnesses that they claim to?If you only get your news and information from mainstream news and educational sources, then the question about whether vaccines are effective is never even raised. This lack of discussion give the percepti...
Source: NaturalNews.com - October 9, 2009 Category: Consumer Health Advice Source Type: news

Dr. Myron Levine Is Recpient of UMB's 2009 Entrepreneur of the Year AwardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
"It's been a fantastic run," Myron M. "Mike" Levine, MD, DTPH, said at his Entrepreneur of the Year presentation Oct. 1 before a packed auditorium at the University of Maryland BioPark. Thirty-five years after founding the University of Maryland School of Medicine's Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), Dr. Levine is known worldwide for his role in developing vaccines to prevent the spread of diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and Shigella dysentery. The CVD currently is working on an H1N1 vaccine, and evaluating one for malaria. In his presentation "Vaccines, Global Health, and Social Equity," Dr. Levine recapped ...
Source: University of Maryland School of Medicine News Headlines - October 2, 2009 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-specific IgA antibody responses in plasma and antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) specimens in Bangladeshi patients with suspected typhoid fever.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many currently available diagnostic tests for typhoid fever lack sensitivity and/or specificity, especially in areas of the world endemic for the disease. In order to identify a diagnostic test that better correlates with typhoid fever, we evaluated immune responses to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (serovar Typhi) in individuals with suspected typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We enrolled 112 individuals with suspected typhoid fever, cultured day 0 blood for serovar Typhi organisms, and performed Widal assays on days 0, 5, and 20. We harvested peripheral blood lymphocytes and analyzed antibody levels in supernata...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - September 8, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sheikh A, Bhuiyan MS, Khanam F, Chowdhury F, Saha A, Ahmed D, Jamil KM, Larocque RC, Harris JB, Ahmad MM, Charles R, Brooks WA, Calderwood SB, Cravioto A, Ryan ET, Qadri F Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

Overexpression, Purification, and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Porin Proteins of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi (S. Typhi).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Porin proteins of Gram-negative bacteria are outer membrane proteins that act as receptors for bacteriophages and are involved in a variety of functions like solute transport, pathogenesis, and immunity. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of typhoid fever. Porins of S. Typhi have been shown to have a potential role in diagnostics and vaccination. In the present study, the major outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpC from S. Typhi were cloned in pQE30UA vector and expressed in E. coli. The immunogenic nature of the recombinant porin proteins were evaluated by E...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - August 31, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kumar VS, Gautam V, Balakrishna K, Kumar S Tags: J Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Kinetics of the Natural, Humoral Immune Response to Salmonella Typhi in Kathmandu, Nepal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in developing countries, responsible for a conservative estimate of 17 million cases and 200,000 deaths annually. We investigated the acquisition of natural immunity to Salmonella typhi in a typhoid endemic region by testing sera from an age stratified sample of 210 healthy participants in Kathmandu, Nepal for bactericidal activity against Salmonella typhi and anti-Vi capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Bactericidal titres in childhood were significantly lower than those in newborns and adults (p<0.0001).There was an age dependant relationship with anti-Salmonella typhi...
Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology - August 25, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pulickal AS, Gautam S, Clutterbuck EA, Thorson S, Basynat B, Adhikari N, Makepeace K, Rijpkema S, Borrow R, Farrar JJ, Pollard AJ Tags: Clin vaccine Immunol Source Type: journals

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Infection with antimicrobial-resistant S Typhi strains among US patients with typhoid fever is associated with travel to the Indian subcontinent, and an increasing proportion of these infections are due to S Typhi strains with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - August 24, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lynch, M. F., Blanton, E. M., Bulens, S., Polyak, C., Vojdani, J., Stevenson, J., Medalla, F., Barzilay, E., Joyce, K., Barrett, T., Mintz, E. D. Tags: Bacterial Infections, Travel Medicine, Drug Therapy, Drug Therapy, Other, Infectious Diseases Original Contribution Source Type: journals

Vi conjugate typhoid vaccine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19717873 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - July 31, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Garg SP Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

Typhoid Fever and vaccination in India clarifications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19717870 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - July 31, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mathew JL Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

Typhoid Vaccine(s) To Give or Not to Give.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19717868 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - July 31, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kalra A, Vashishtha VM Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

One-shot vaccine offers typhoid hopeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A study in India has found that a cheap vaccine can prevent typhoid infection in pre-school children, dispelling doubts. (Source: SciDev.Net)
Source: SciDev.Net - July 30, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: info

Vi Typhoid Vaccine Proves Highly Effective In Young Children, Study SuggestsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A currently available yet underused vaccine against typhoid fever is highly effective in young children and protects unvaccinated neighbors of vaccinees, according to new research. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - July 29, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Vaccine Shows Promise Against Typhoid FeverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A typhoid vaccine proved effective in the slums of India, where it not only helped prevent infection in children who received it, but also those in close contact who were unvaccinated, a new study found. (Source: WDSU.com - Health)
Source: WDSU.com - Health - July 25, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: WDSU.com Source Type: news

Science BriefingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ancient mammal footprints; huge telescope for Hawaii; promising typhoid vaccine; jack rabbit to be studied; defoliants linked to Parkinson's; potential Alzheimer's therapy Ancient mammal footprints found (Source: Los Angeles Times - Science)
Source: Los Angeles Times - Science - July 25, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

Typhoid Vaccine Effectively Prevents Disease In Children, Study FindsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
"A typhoid vaccine proved effective in the slums of India, where it not only helped prevent infection in children who received it, but also those in close contact who were unvaccinated," according to a New England Journal of Medicine study published on Thursday, the AP/Washington Post reports (Chang, 7/22). (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - July 24, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Tropical Diseases Source Type: news

Typhoid vaccine protects kids: studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A vaccine against typhoid fever helped to protect children from as young as two from the illness, and may also help to protect those who did not receive the shots, according to a new study. (Source: CBC | Health)
Source: CBC | Health - July 23, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Vi Typhoid Vaccine Effective in Young ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a study conducted in India, use of the Vi typhoid vaccine was effective in children younger than age 5 and also helped protect unvaccinated neighbors against disease. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - July 23, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Typhoid vaccine highly effective for younger childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study found Typherix, ... (Source: Xinhuanet Chinaview Health)
Source: Xinhuanet Chinaview Health - July 23, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Health Source Type: news

Vi Typhoid Vaccine Proves Highly Effective In Young ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new study has found that a currently available yet underused vaccine against typhoid fever is highly effective in young children and protects unvaccinated neighbors of vaccinees. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - July 23, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Tropical Diseases Source Type: news

Typhoid vaccine protects younger children: studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
BOSTON (Reuters) - GlaxoSmithKline's Typherix vaccine shields children as young as 2 from typhoid fever, and widespread vaccination can even protect people who have not been given the shot, according to a study published on Wednesday. (Source: Reuters: Health)
Source: Reuters: Health - July 22, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: healthNews Source Type: news

Typhoid Vaccine Protects Younger ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
GlaxoSmithKline's Typherix vaccine shields children as young as 2 from typhoid fever, and widespread vaccination can even protect people who have not been given the shot, according to a study published on Wednesday. Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Topics: International Health, Salmonella Infections (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)
Source: MedlinePlus Health News - July 22, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: consumer

Vi typhoid vaccine proves highly effective in young childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(International Vaccine Institute) A new study has found that a currently available yet underused vaccine against typhoid fever is highly effective in young children and protects unvaccinated neighbors of vaccinees. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 22, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

University of Maryland School of Medicine Leads Early Trials of H1N1 Flu VaccineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
National Study Will Involve Up to 1,000 Volunteers [For more information about participating in clinical trials at the Center for Vaccine Development, please call 410-706-6156, or visit www.clinicaltrials.gov.] The University of Maryland School of Medicine’s Center for Vaccine Development will lead one of the nation’s first studies of an experimental vaccine designed to prevent the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. The Center for Vaccine Development is one of a nationwide network of Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the Nationa...
Source: University of Maryland School of Medicine News Headlines - July 22, 2009 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

A Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Vi Typhoid Vaccine in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Typhoid remains an important cause of illness and death in the developing world. In this phase 4 trial in Kolkata, India, 37,673 subjects were vaccinated with either Vi typhoid vaccine or hepatitis A vaccine. The Vi vaccine was approximately 61% effective in preventing typhoid infection in vaccine recipients and was 44% effective in unvaccinated members of the same clusters as the Vi-vaccine recipients, suggesting that Vi vaccination has indirect benefits for those in close contact with vaccine recipients. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - July 21, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sur, D., Ochiai, R. L., Bhattacharya, S. K., Ganguly, N. K., Ali, M., Manna, B., Dutta, S., Donner, A., Kanungo, S., Park, J. K., Puri, M. K., Kim, D. R., Dutta, D., Bhaduri, B., Acosta, C. J., Clemens, J. D. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Typhoid Vaccines Ready for ImplementationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Enteric fevers encompass typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) and paratyphoid fever caused by serotype Paratyphi A or B (S. Paratyphi). These human-restricted pathogens are acquired ... (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - July 21, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Levine, M. M. Tags: EDITORIALS Source Type: journals

CME: A Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Vi Typhoid Vaccine in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - July 21, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: journals

The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) is required by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for O-antigen production, resistance to antimicrobial peptides and in vivo fitness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) catalyses the interconversion of glucose 1-phophate and glucose 6-phosphate and contributes to glycolysis and the generation of sugar nucleotides for biosynthesis. To assess the role of this enzyme in the biology of the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium we have characterised a pgm deletion mutant in strain SL1344. Compared to SL1344, SL1344 pgm had impaired growth in vitro, was deficient in the ability to utilise galactose as a carbon source and displayed reduced O-antigen polymer length. The mutant was also more susceptible to antimicrobial peptides and showed decreas...
Source: Microbiology - July 8, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Paterson GK, Cone DB, Peters SE, Maskell DJ Tags: Microbiology Source Type: journals

Abu Dhabi group launches vaccine serviceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Abu Dhabi Health Services Company's Ambulatory Healthcare Services has announced the launch of its Travel Medicine service which offers some of the most commonly used vaccines such as Meningococcal, Yellow Fever, Typhoid, Malaria Prophylaxis, Rabies and Hepatitis A to travellers. The centres will be open Sunday through to Thursday. (Source: Healthcare)
Source: Healthcare - June 1, 2009 Category: Middle East Health Source Type: info

Inflammation Causes Mood Changes Through Alterations in Subgenual Cingulate Activity and Mesolimbic ConnectivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Inflammation-associated mood deterioration is reflected in changes in sACC activity and functional connectivity during evoked responses to emotional stimuli. Peripheral cytokines modulate this mood-dependent sACC connectivity, suggesting a common pathophysiological basis for major depressive disorder and sickness-associated mood change and depression. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - May 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Neil A. Harrison, Lena Brydon, Cicely Walker, Marcus A. Gray, Andrew Steptoe, Hugo D. Critchley Tags: Archival Reports Source Type: journals

Neural Origins of Human Sickness in Interoceptive Responses to InflammationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that peripheral infection selectively influences central nervous system function to generate core symptoms of sickness and reorient basic motivational states. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)
Source: Biological Psychiatry - May 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Neil A. Harrison, Lena Brydon, Cicely Walker, Marcus A. Gray, Andrew Steptoe, Raymond J. Dolan, Hugo D. Critchley Tags: Archival Reports Source Type: journals

[Recommendations before travelling for renal transplant patients.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Travel is now a reasonable objective of CKD patients after renal transplantation. However, immunosuppressive treatment makes them particularly susceptible to infections and may interfere with vaccinations and other drugs. Travel in countries with low health level should be strongly discouraged in the first six months after transplantation or following an acute event. Otherwise, specific consultations should be arranged to prepare the patient as soon as possible. Vaccinations should be started early before departure. Specific immunisations include vaccines against hepatitis A, typhoid, meningococcus and rabies in some c...
Source: Nephrologie & Therapeutique - April 27, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Bally S, Caillard S, Moulin B Tags: Nephrol Ther Source Type: journals

Innovative vaccine production technologies: the evolution and value of vaccine production technologies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review paper provides an overview of innovative technologies designed to produce bacterial, viral, recombinant subunit, and polysaccharide vaccines, as well as combination vaccines. Advances in this field are illustrated by vaccines against DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis), influenza, hepatitis B (HepB) and typhoid fever. In addition, technological trends regarding antigens, adjuvants, and preservatives in vaccines are discussed. The progress achieved in vaccine production technologies is especially important for improving the protection of vulnerable populations against infectious diseases. These at-risk groups...
Source: Archives of Pharmacal Research - March 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bae K, Choi J, Jang Y, Ahn S, Hur B Tags: Arch Pharm Res Source Type: journals

Existing antibacterial vaccinesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article will review the currently approved antibacterial vaccines, which are vaccines for pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, meningococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenza, cholera, typhoid, and anthrax. (Source: Dermatologic Therapy)
Source: Dermatologic Therapy - March 25, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Natalia Mendoza, Parisa Ravanfar, Anita Satyaprakah, Sivaprabha Pillai, Rosella Creed Tags: vaccines in Dermatology Source Type: journals

Deletion of the gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) alters morphology of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and decreases fitness in miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) (EC 5.3.1.1) plays a key role in central carbon metabolism yet few studies have characterized isogenic bacterial mutants lacking this enzyme and none have examined its role in the in vivo fitness of a bacterial pathogen. Here we have deleted tpiA in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and found that the mutant had an altered morphology, displaying an elongated shape compared with the wild type. In a mouse model of typhoid fever the tpiA mutant was attenuated for growth as assessed by bacterial counts in the livers and spleens of infected mice. However, this attenuat...
Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters - March 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gavin K. Paterson, Danielle B. Cone, Helen Northen, Sarah E. Peters, Duncan J. Maskell Source Type: journals

The expanding spectrum of disease due to Salmonella : An international perspectiveEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Human disease due to Salmonella infections appears to be on the rise worldwide. Despite the availability of vaccines and generally effective antibiotic therapy, salmonellosis, in the forms of gastroenteritis and enteric fever, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, especially in young children and immunocompromised hosts. In certain highly endemic areas of South and Southeast Asia, the emergence of quinolone-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella contribute to the magnitude of the problem. In the United States and Europe, a low but consistent r...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - March 10, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Current Infectious Disease Reports Source Type: journals

Dispositional Optimism and Stress-Induced Changes in Immunity and Negative Mood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Evidence suggests that optimism may be protective for health during times of heightened stress, yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, we recently showed that acute psychological stress and an immune stimulus (Typhim-Vi typhoid vaccine) synergistically increased serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and negative mood in 59 healthy men. Here we carried out further analysis of this sample to investigate the relationship between dispositional optimism and stress-induced changes in immunity and mood. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions in ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - March 6, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Brydon L, Walker C, Wawrzyniak AJ, Chart H, Steptoe A Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: journals

Observations on an outbreak of fowl typhoid in commercial laying birds in Udi, South Eastern NigeriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Observations made in an outbreak of fowl typhoid in 11,000 laying birds in Udi, South Eastern Nigeria are reported. The commercial laying flock had daily mortality of 1.8% with total mortality of 25%. Major clinical signs observed were greenish/yellowish diarrhoea and marked reduction in egg production. At necropsy, enlarged dark greenish liver and enlarged spleen were observed. Pericarditis and egg peritonitis were also evident. Pure cultures of Salmonella gallinarum were obtained from all the internal organs cultured. Histological section of the liver showed hepatitis, necrosis of the Kupffer cell...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - February 19, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Comparative Clinical Pathology Source Type: journals

Innate Immunity Mediated by MyD88 Signal Is Not Essential for Induction of Lipopolysaccharide-Specific B Cell Responses but Is Indispensable for Protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we evaluated LPS-specific adaptive immunity in innate immune-deficient mice after oral administration of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains. Of interest, identical levels of LPS-specific IgG and IgA Abs were elicited in the systemic (i.e., serum and spleen) and mucosal (i.e., fecal extract and small intestine) compartments of wild-type, TLR4(-/-), and MyD88(-/-) mice following oral vaccination with recombinant attenuated S. Typhimurium (RASV). Depletion of CD4(+) T cells during RASV vaccination completely abrogated the generation of LPS-specific Abs in MyD88(-/-) mice...
Source: Journal of Immunology - February 10, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ko HJ, Yang JY, Shim DH, Yang H, Park SM, Curtiss R, Kweon MN Tags: J Immunol Source Type: journals

Conjugate Typhoid Vaccine(s) in the Indian Context.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19242042 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - February 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mathew JL Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

Indian conjugate vi typhoid vaccine do we have enough evidence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19242041 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - February 1, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shah NK Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

Rethinking Typhoid Fever Vaccines: Implications for Travelers and People Living in Highly Endemic AreasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)
Source: Journal of Travel Medicine - January 13, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jennifer A. Whitaker, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Carlos del Rio, Srilatha Edupuganti Tags: REVIEW Source Type: journals

An optimization model for reducing typhoid cases in developing countries without increasing public spending.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article considers the investment case for using the Vi polysaccharide vaccine in developing countries from two perspectives: reducing typhoid cases and limiting new health care spending. A case study is presented using data from South and Southeast Asia; the purpose of the paper, however, is to draw broad implications that may apply to developing countries in general. Typical consumer demand functions that were developed from stated preference household surveys in South and Southeast Asia that predict probabilities of adults and children purchasing typhoid vaccinations at different prices are incorporated in a formal ...
Source: Vaccine - January 12, 2009 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lauria DT, Maskery B, Poulos C, Whittington D Tags: vaccine Source Type: journals

Genetic stability of vaccine strain Salmonella Typhi Ty21a over 25 years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The attenuated live bacterial vaccine strain Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Ty21a is the main constituent of Vivotif, the only licensed oral vaccine against typhoid fever. The strain was developed in the 1970s by chemical mutagenesis. In the course of this mutagenesis, a number of mutations were introduced into the vaccine strain. Characterisation of the vaccine strain during development as well as release of master- and working seed lots (MSL and WSL) and commercial batches is based on phenotypic assays assessing microbiological and biochemical characteristics of Ty21a. In the current study, we have analysed by DNA...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - December 31, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kopecko DJ, Sieber H, Ures JA, Fürer A, Schlup J, Knof U, Collioud A, Xu D, Colburn K, Dietrich G Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: journals

Cameroon: 600 Vulnerable Children Receive Free VaccinationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some 600 exposed children in Yaoundé December 15-16 were beneficiaries of free typhoid and meningitis vaccines from a Yaounde based humanitarian foundation christened Shemka Foundation. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - December 23, 2008 Category: African Health Source Type: news

Analysis of the role of 13 major fimbrial subunits in colonisation of the chicken intestines by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis reveals a role for a novel locus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. We describe the fimbrial gene repertoire of the predominant non-typhoidal S. enterica serovar affecting humans and the role played by each predicted major fimbrial subunit in intestinal colonisation of the primary reservoir. Our data support a role for PegA in the colonisation of poultry by S. Enteritidis and aid the design of improved vaccines. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - December 18, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Debra J Clayton, Alison J Bowen, Scott D Hulme, Anthony M Buckley, Victoria L Deacon, Nicholas R Thomson, Paul A Barrow, Eirwen Morgan, Michael A Jones, Michael Watson and Mark P Stevens Source Type: journals

Synthetic Typhoid Fever Vaccine, Safer And More Economical Approach Against A Major Infectious DiseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DelSite Inc., (OTCBB: DSII) today announced Dr. Yawei Ni, chief scientific officer, of its wholly-owned subsidiary, DelSite Biotechnologies, Inc., presented its innovative GelVac(TM) nasal powder platform for vaccine delivery and the synthetic typhoid vaccine at the 2nd Vaccines Asia Conference held November 10-13, 2008, in Beijing, China. Dr. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - November 17, 2008 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Immune System / vaccines Source Type: news

Nigeria: U.S., Army Begin Search for HIV VaccineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The United States Department of Defence and its counterpart in Nigeria has concluded arrangement to jointly fund the establishment of a laboratory that would be strictly dedicated to research on vaccine for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and typhoid fever. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs)
Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs - November 14, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

DelSite, Inc.: DelSite Presents Nasal Powder and Synthetic Typhoid Vaccine Technologies at the 2nd Vaccines Asia ConferenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IRVING, TX (MARKET WIRE) DelSite Inc., (OTCBB: DSII) today announced Dr. Yawei Ni, chief scientific officer, of its wholly-owned subsidiary, DelSite Biotechnologies, Inc., presented its innovative GelVac(TM) nasal powder platform for vaccine delivery and the synthetic typhoid vaccine at the 2nd Vaccines Asia Conference held November 10-13, 2008, in Beijing, China. (Source: Market Wire - Pharmaceuticals and Biotech)
Source: Market Wire - Pharmaceuticals and Biotech - November 13, 2008 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Pharmaceuticals and Biotech DSII Source Type: news