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Co-Infection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and HIV: report of a case of mucosal leishmaniasis in Cochabamba, Bolivia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the first case of Leishmania/HIV co-infection reported in Bolivia. Initially hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchitis, the patient had numerous cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The patient was also diagnosed as severely immunocompromised because of HIV infection. PMID: 19815865 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 30, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Torrico F, Parrado R, Castro R, Marquez CJ, Torrico MC, Solano M, Reithinger R, García AL Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: journals

AA-amyloidosis caused by visceral leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
AA-amyloidosis in the setting of chronic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been reported in animal models but documentation in humans is unavailable. Here, we report on a Portuguese man who in 1996 was diagnosed with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and VL. Antiretroviral treatment led to sustained suppression of HIV viremia but CD4+ lymphocytes rose from 8 to only 160 cells/mL. Several courses of antimony treatment did not prevent VL relapses. Renal failure developed in 2006 and renal biopsy revealed AA-amyloidosis. The patient had cryoglobulinemia and serum immune complexes containing antibodies direct...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 30, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: de Vallière S, Mary C, Joneberg JE, Rotman S, Bullani R, Greub G, Gillmore JD, Buffet PA, Tarr PE Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: journals

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a rare case from South India of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis masquerading as lepromatous leprosy in the context of HIV infection. PMID: 19450402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Dermatol Online J)
Source: Dermatol Online J - June 27, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Mehta V, Balachandran C, Rao R, Dil SK, Indusri L Tags: Dermatol Online J Source Type: journals

Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: clinical aspects and therapeutic concernsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study enrolled 167 patients presenting different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis over an 18 month period, of which 5.6% tested HIV positive. Patients were initially treated with meglumine antimonate and resistant cases with pentamidine isethionate. There was a high rate of resistance to meglumine antimonate (28%) and a less than optimal response to prolonged systemic treatment in relapsed cases. Eight patients affected by severe and resistant forms were treated with pentamidine isethionate, with a cure rate of 87.5% after 6 months. Many atypical and severe presentations were seen, and a poor response to first-line an...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 25, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Valeska Padovese, Margherita Terranova, Luigi Toma, Gebre Ab Barnabas, Aldo Morrone Tags: Leishmaniasis Source Type: journals

Atypical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in a transmission area of Leishmania braziliensis in the state of Bahia, BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) can occur in different forms, classically categorised as cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and disseminated leishmaniasis. We analysed the presence of atypical manifestations (vegetative, verrucous, crusted and lupoid) among a cohort of patients presenting to the Health Post of Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil. Among 1396 patients diagnosed with ATL in 2005–2006, 35 patients (2.5%) presented with atypical manifestations of the disease. Of these patients, 14 were pregnant women, 2 were co-infected with HIV and 19 had no co-morbidi...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 25, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: L.H. Guimarães, P.R.L. Machado, E.L. Lago, D.J. Morgan, A. Schriefer, O. Bacellar, E.M. Carvalho Tags: Leishmaniasis Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Leishmania infection in adult HIV/AIDS patients treated in a tertiary-level care center in Brasilia, Federal District, BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: In order to estimate the magnitude of Leishmania/HIV co-infection, patients with HIV/AIDS at the Brasilia University Hospital, DF, Brazil were used as subjects in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and sixty-three patients were enrolled, seven of whom had visceral leishmaniasis (VL). One hundred and twelve patients (68.7%) were men; 155 (95.1%) had been exposed to HIV infection through unprotected sex. The median age was 37 years (range: 20–74) and the median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 314cells/μl (range: 2–1600). Symptomatic patients underwent bone marrow evaluations through direct examination of Giemsa-sta...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 25, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: César O. Carranza-Tamayo, Tália Santana Machado de Assis, Ana Teresa Basílio Neri, Elisa Cupolillo, Ana Rabello, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero Tags: Leishmaniasis Source Type: journals

Mucosal leishmaniasis: description of case management approaches and analysis of risk factors for treatment failure in a cohort of 140 patients in BrazilEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion The current first-line mucosal leishmaniasis therapy shows an adequate cure but later recurrence. HIV infection and systemic arterial hypertension should be investigated before start the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis. The authors are not part of any associations or commercial relationships that might represent conflicts of interest in the writing of this study (e.g. pharmaceutical stock ownership, consultancy, advisory board membership, relevant patents, or research funding). (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)
Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology - May 4, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Valdir Sabbaga Amato, Felipe Francisco Tuon, Rui Imamura, Raphael Abegão de Camargo, Maria Irma Duarte, Vicente Amato Neto Source Type: journals

Isolation of Leishmania amastigote protein fractions which induced lymphocyte stimulation and remission of psoriasisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A first generation polyvalent vaccine (AS1001) was manufactured with protein from several cultured leishmania species, which proved to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. To determine the effective factor, a single blind trial with four monovalent second generation vaccines (AS1002) was done in 26 subjects, which also resulted in remission of psoriasis. AS1002 vaccines were further purified, resulting in seven chromatography fractions (AS200) per species. In vitro testing of the fractions on blood lymphocytes resulted in subjects being categorized as low or high responders before treatment. Bo...
Source: Archives of Dermatological Research - March 18, 2009 Category: Dermatology Tags: ArcHIVes of Dermatological Research Source Type: journals

Prevalence of Leishmania infection in adult HIV/AIDS patients treated in a tertiary-level care center in Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to estimate the magnitude of Leishmania/HIV co-infection, patients with HIV/AIDS at the Brasilia University Hospital, DF, Brazil were used as subjects in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and sixty-three patients were enrolled, seven of whom had visceral leishmaniasis (VL). One hundred and twelve patients (68.7%) were men; 155 (95.1%) had been exposed to HIV infection through unprotected sex. The median age was 37 years (range: 20-74) and the median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 314cells/mul (range: 2-1600). Symptomatic patients underwent bone marrow evaluations through direct examination of Giemsa-stained film...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 19, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Carranza-Tamayo CO, Assis TS, Neri AT, Cupolillo E, Rabello A, Romero GA Tags: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg Source Type: journals

Unusual manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in AIDS patients from the New World.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Clinical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients are diverse. Our data emphasize possible unusual manifestations of this disease in HIV-infected patients, particularly in severely immunosuppressed cases (< 200 CD4+ cells mm(-3)). PMID: 19187345 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - February 1, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Lindoso JA, Barbosa RN, Posada-Vergara MP, Duarte MI, Oyafuso LK, Amato VS, Goto H Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: journals

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the case due to its atypical, widespread muco-cutaneous presentation masquerading as lepromatous leprosy. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)
Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology - January 16, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Chaudhary Raju G, Bilimoria Freny E, Katare S K Source Type: journals

Fighting Against Leishmaniasis: Search of Alkaloids as Future True Potential Anti-Leishmanial Agents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leishmaniasis, a group of tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of genus Leishmania, is a major health problem worldwide that affects millions of people especially in the developing nations. Generic pentavalent antimonials have been the mainstay for therapy in the endemic regions due to efficacy and cost effectiveness, but the growing incidence of their resistance has seriously hampered their use. In many cases the drugs employed for the treatment are toxic, marginally effective, given by injection and, compromised by the development of resistance. Therefore, the development of new mechanism based safe, effec...
Source: Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry - January 1, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mishra BB, Singh RK, Srivastava A, Tripathi VJ, Tiwari VK Tags: Mini Rev Med Chem Source Type: journals

Cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with visceral leishmaniasis in a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Our case demonstrated that it is better to evaluate the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients who present with cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV infection. (Source: International Journal of Dermatology)
Source: International Journal of Dermatology - December 28, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Morteza Pourahmad, Farhang Hooshmand, Masood Rahiminejad Tags: Tropical medicine rounds Source Type: journals

HIV Protease Inhibitors Active Against Leishmania SpeciesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In vitro studies show that the intracellular survival of Leishmania species that cause the opportunistic disease visceral leishmaniasis is significantly reduced by HIV-1 protease inhibitors, Canadian and Indian researchers report in the November issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Infectious Diseases Headlines)
Source: Medscape Infectious Diseases Headlines - December 4, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: info

Alkaloids: Future prospective to combat leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne parasitic disease resulting from infection of macrophages by obligate intracellular parasites of genus Leishmania, has been considered a major tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Generic pentavalent antimonials have been the mainstay for therapy in the endemic regions because of its efficacy and cost effectiveness. However, the growing incidence of resistance for the pentavalent antimony complex in endemic and non-endemic regions has seriously hampered their use in these regions. The second line drugs such as amphotericin B, paromomycin and miltefosine are the other alternat...
Source: Fitoterapia - October 31, 2008 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mishra BB, Kale RR, Singh RK, Tiwari VK Tags: Fitoterapia Source Type: journals

Chembio Diagnostics, Inc.: Chembio and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Sign Agreement for DPP(R) Oral Fluid - Whole Blood HIV TestEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MEDFORD, NY and RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL (MARKET WIRE) Chembio Diagnostics, Inc. (OTCBB: CEMI) ("Chembio" or the "Company") and the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Brazil ("FIOCRUZ") today announced the completion of a technology transfer supply and license agreement for Chembio's DPP® HIV 1-2 rapid test for use with oral fluid or whole blood samples. This product has been developed by Chembio with its patented Dual Path Platform (DPP®) technology. As previously announced in January, Chembio and FIOCRUZ also executed similar agreements for DPP® rapid tests for Leishmania and Leptospirosis, and a third agreement for...
Source: Market Wire - Pharmaceuticals and Biotech - October 2, 2008 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Pharmaceuticals and Biotech Medical and Healthcare CEMI Source Type: news

HIV, visceral leishmaniasis and Parkinsonism combined with diabetes mellitus and hyperuricaemia: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The increasing incidence of HIV/VL co-infection in India is of utmost importance. The diagnostic and management aspects of these cases are very difficult to handle particularly in an underdeveloped country like India. (Source: Cases Journal)
Source: Cases Journal - September 25, 2008 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Krishna KP Pandey, Prabhat PKS Sinha, Vidya VNRD Das, Nawin NK Kumar, Sanjiva SB Bimal, Neena NV Verma, Chandra CSL Lal and Pradeep PD Das Source Type: journals

Nephrotic syndrome complicating chronic visceral leishmaniasis: re-emergence in patients with AIDS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a patient with AIDS and refractory, relapsing visceral leishmaniasis who developed nephrotic syndrome associated with renal involvement by Leishmania in the absence of immunecomplex glomerular deposition. For the first time, the relapsing nature of renal injury in this context is documented. PMID: 18793552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Nephrology)
Source: Clinical Nephrology - July 1, 2008 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Alex S, Ru , Criado C, Fernández-Guerrero ML, de Górgolas M, Petkov V, Garcia Perez A, Egido J, Barat A, Manzarbeitia F, Caramelo C, Ortiz A Tags: Clin Nephrol Source Type: journals

Natural antibodies target virus-antibody complexes to organized lymphoid tissue.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Natural antibodies (NA) specific for infectious pathogens are found at low titer (usually <1:40) in the serum of healthy, non-immunized, individuals. Therefore, NA are part of the first line of defence against blood borne microorganisms. They directly neutralize viral infections or lyse pathogens by activating the complement cascade. In addition, recent studies highlighted their role in the pooling of infectious pathogens and other antigens to the spleen. This prevents infection of vital target organs and enhances the induction of adaptive immune responses. Specific T and B-cell responses are exclusively induced in ...
Source: Autoimmunity Reviews - June 1, 2008 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Matter MS, Ochsenbein AF Tags: Autoimmun Rev Source Type: journals

Leishmaniases in Northern Greece: seroprevalence of the infection and incidence of the disease during the period 2001–2006Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniases a growing public health concern for many countries around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in the general population and in HIV infected subjects of Northern Greece, bordering the Mediterranean basin where leishmaniasis is endemic. The clinical cases of the disease during the last 6 years (2001–2006) are also presented. A low frequency of L. infantum antibodies was found by IFA and ELISA in 1,525 healthy individuals (2.8%), aged 18–80 years, living in the 16 prefectures of Nort...
Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - May 30, 2008 Category: Microbiology Tags: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

[Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major involving the bone marrow in an AIDS patient in Burkina Faso]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DISCUSSION: L. major is the Leishmania species identified in Burkina Faso. It is responsible for typical cutaneous leishmaniasis but particular clinical forms have been described in immunodeficient patients, especially with diffuse cutaneous involvement. The spread of L. major infection to bone marrow could represent a public health problem in our country, where the HIV epidemic is still not under control, and particular vigilance is thus called for. PMID: 18457724 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)
Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie - May 1, 2008 Category: Dermatology Authors: Barro-Traoré F, Preney L, Traoré A, Darie H, Tapsoba P, Bassolé A, Sawadogo S, Niamba P, Grosshans E, Geniaux M Tags: Ann Dermatol Venereol Source Type: journals

Leishmaniasis, Suriname.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To the Editor: A 17-year-old man was seen at the Dermatology Service in Paramaribo (Suriname) with a skin condition that he had had since he was 5 years of age. The condition consisted of multiple cutaneous ulcerations, nodules, and fibrotic plaques disseminated on his face, limbs, and trunk, and subcutaneous nodules on lymph-draining tracts on his hands, arms, and legs. He had lived his entire life in an inland village, located at Brokopondo Lake (central-eastern Suriname); he had never traveled outside the country. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL, a parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania) wa...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - April 29, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: van der Meide W, de Vries H, Pratlong F, van der Wal A, Sabajo L Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: journals

The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To date, most Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection cases reported to WHO come from Southern Europe. Up to the year 2001, nearly 2,000 cases of coinfection were identified, of which 90% were from Spain, Italy, France, and Portugal. However, these figures are misleading because they do not account for the large proportion of cases in many African and Asian countries that are missed due to a lack of diagnostic facilities and poor reporting systems. Most cases of coinfection in the Americas are reported in Brazil, where the incidence of leishmaniasis has spread in recent years due to overlap with m...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - April 1, 2008 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, López-Vélez R, Moreno J Tags: Clin Microbiol Rev Source Type: journals

Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis and Uveitis in an HIV-positive PatientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorrespondenceDOI 10.1007/s15010-007-6279-5Authors A. Ramos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Dept. of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases Unit), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro San Martín de Porres 4 28035 Madrid SpainI. Cruz, Carlos III Health Institute Laboratory of Leishmania, Mycrobiology National Centre Madrid SpainE. Muñez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Dept. of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases Unit), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro San Martín de Porres 4 28035 Madrid SpainC. Salas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Dept. of Pathology, Hospital Univ...
Source: Infection - March 10, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Infection Source Type: journals

Mediterranean leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: Epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic features of 22 casesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary Twenty-two Italian HIV-infected patients developed leishmaniasis, clinically manifested as visceral (13 cases), cutaneous (2 cases) and disseminated disease (7 cases). Twenty were males and two females (mean age: 32.8 years) with a mean CD4+ cell count of 46.8/μl at diagnosis; risk factors were intravenous drug use (17 patients) and sexual behaviour (two bisexual, two homosexual, one heterosexual). All but one patient lived or travelled in hypoendemic Italian regions and other Mediterranean countries. Apart from the two patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, the clinico-pathological and biological s...
Source: Infection - February 12, 2008 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Infection Source Type: journals

Gingival leishmaniasis in an HIV-negative patient.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case involving the palate, uvula, and gingiva of an HIV-negative patient who was initially diagnosed as having paracoccidioidomycosis. The patient underwent a biopsy for parasite isolation and in situ histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The Leishmania spp. were detected in lesions of the uvula and gingiva. Despite the poor state of teeth, the gingival lesions were caused by American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). The gingival lesions presented an intense inflammatory infiltrate permeated by neutrophils. Immunohistochemistry revealed a predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate. The patient responded well to tr...
Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics - October 15, 2007 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Palmeiro MR, Rosalino CM, Quintella LP, Morgado FN, Martins AC, Moreira J, Schubach AD, Conceição-Silva F Tags: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod Source Type: journals

Interleukin-2: Lack of immune recovery and increased Leishmania DNA levels in a patient with HIV and Leishmania coinfection: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - July 31, 2007 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Interleukin-2: Lack of immune recovery and increased Leishmania DNA levels in a patient with HIV and Leishmania coinfection: case report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Page: 17 (Source: Reactions Weekly)
Source: Reactions Weekly - July 31, 2007 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: HTML Source Type: journals

Consequences of the natural propensity of Leishmania and HIV-1 to target dendritic cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent studies have shown that both Leishmania and HIV type-1 (HIV-1) hijack dendritic cell (DC) functions to escape immune surveillance using an array of elaborate strategies. Leishmania has developed a variety of adaptations to disrupt cellular defense mechanisms, whereas HIV-1 targets DCs to achieve a more efficient dissemination. The capacity of Leishmania and HIV-1 to target DCs through a common cell-surface molecule, namely DC-SIGN (dendritic cell specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin), points to a possible dangerous liaison between these two pathogens. This review explores our knowledge of how Leishmania and HIV...
Source: Trends in Parasitology - July 1, 2007 Category: Parasitology Authors: Garg R, Trudel N, Tremblay MJ Tags: Trends Parasitol Source Type: journals

[Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection in the HAART era]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic infection in Portugal, as well as in other Mediterranean basin countries, where it has become a frequent complication of HIV infection. There are several studies published about Leishmania/HIV co-infection, however some particularities of its epidemiology, pathogenesis and especially of its treatment and prophylaxis remain unclear and undefined. The authors review some aspects of this co-infection, particularly epidemiology, clinical classic manifestations and laboratory features, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis and prevention and report the casuistic of the Infectious Diseases De...
Source: Acta Medica Portuguesa - July 1, 2007 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Marques N, Cabral S, Sá R, Coelho F, Oliveira J, Saraiva da Cunha JG, Meliço Silvestre A Tags: Acta Med Port Source Type: journals

Volume 44, number 12: Clinical Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Performed on Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Samples for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients: A Single-Center, 8-Year Experience in Italy and Review of the LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. PCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and can be reliably used for rapid parasite identification at the species level. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - May 21, 2007 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Lack of immune recovery in HIV/Leishmania co-infection treated with human recombinant IL-2.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Page: 1223DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32810c8d27Authors: Bossolasco, Simona; Nozza, Silvia; Gaiera, Giovanni; Bestetti, Arabella; Lazzarin, Adriano; Cinque, Paola (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - May 18, 2007 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HTML PDF (141 K) Source Type: journals

Clinical Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Performed on Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Samples for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients: A Single-Center, 8-Year Experience in Italy and Review of the LiteratureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. PCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and can be reliably used for rapid parasite identification at the species level. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Articles)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Articles - May 7, 2007 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

CCR5 and CCR3 expression on T CD3+ lymphocytes from HIV/ Leishmania co-infected subjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to assess the expression of CCR5 and CCR3 on peripheral blood CD3+ T lymphocytes of HIV-Leishmania co-infected individuals. A total of 36 subjects were enrolled; nine had HIV-Leishmania co-infection; nine were HIV-infected without Leishmania, nine had visceral leishmaniasis without HIV co-infection and nine were healthy blood donors. HIV-Leishmania co-infected subjects showed a significantly higher rate of CCR5+CD3+ T lymphocytes in comparison with the other studied groups. The higher rate of CD3+ T-cells expressing CCR5 found in HIV-Leishmania co-infected subjects may be related to the role of Leishmani...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - April 25, 2007 Category: Microbiology Tags: Medical Microbiology and Immunology Source Type: journals

[Correction] LeishmaniasisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epidemiology, disease patterns, immunology, diagnosis, treatment and control measures of leishmaniasis are described. Various issues relating to leishmaniasis are highlighted: the relative lack of importance given to this disease compared with other infections, climate change and its possible impact on extension of endemicity of this infection, and new diagnostic tests which are improving diagnosis, especially in resource poor areas. Other important aspects discussed include the potential for newer oral therapy to change the way this disease is managed; Leishmania–HIV coinfection and groups at risk; and development o...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - February 16, 2007 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Piscopo, T. V, Mallia Azzopardi, C. Tags: Other Infectious Diseases Correction Source Type: journals

Oral ulcer as an unusual feature of visceral leishmaniasis in an AIDS patientEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a 35-year-old homemaker infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; she presented with an oral ulcer. The investigations carried out on her revealed that she was afflicted by visceral leishmaniasis, and the oral ulceration was a part of the same. This is only the second such case from the Indian subcontinent, and more significantly from a non-endemic area. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Sciences - January 27, 2007 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kumar Pramod, Sharma PK, Jain RK, Gautam RK, Bhardwaj M, Kar HK Source Type: journals

Central role of interleukin-15 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Carnevalini M, Forcina G, Zaffiri L, Massetti AP, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V To evaluate clinical and immunological parameters, interleukin (IL)-15 production and outcome of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), including HIV positive patients, we analyzed 48 cases of VL. Clinical manifestations and response to therapy were similar in VL/HIV- and VL/HIV+ patients. However, relapses were more frequent in patients with HIV infection. Low levels of IL-15 concentrations were found in HIV+ patients without VL. These levels were comparable to concentrations obtained in healthy donors. We...
Source: Acta Tropica - January 22, 2007 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

[Reviews] LeishmaniasisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epidemiology, disease patterns, immunology, diagnosis, treatment and control measures of leishmaniasis are described. Various issues relating to leishmaniasis are highlighted: the relative lack of importance given to this disease is compared with other infections, climate change and its possible effect on extension of endemicity of this infection, and new diagnostic tests that are helping better diagnosis, especially in resource-poor areas. Other important aspects discussed include the potential for newer oral treatment to change the way this disease is managed; leishmania–HIV coinfection and groups at risk; and the ...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - October 26, 2006 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Piscopo, T V, Mallia, A C Source Type: journals

CORRESPONDENCE: Leishmania major Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in HIV-Positive Patients Does Not Spread to Extralesional SitesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Archives of Dermatology)
Source: Archives of Dermatology - October 16, 2006 Category: Dermatology News Authors: Foulet, F., Cosnes, A., Dellion, S., Blum, L., Bachmeyer, C., Raguin, G., Tourte-Schaeffer, C., Deniau, M., Bretagne, S. Source Type: journals

Functional comparison of mouse CIRE/mouse DC-SIGN and human DC-SIGNEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CIRE/mDC-SIGN is a C-type lectin we originally identified as a molecule differentially expressed by mouse dendritic cell (DC) populations. Immunostaining with a CIRE/mDC-SIGN-specific mAb revealed that CIRE/mDC-SIGN is indeed on the surface of some CD4+, CD4–8– DCs and plasmacytoid pre-DCs, but not on CD8+ DCs. It has been proposed that CIRE/mDC-SIGN is the functional orthologue of human DC-SIGN (hDC-SIGN), a molecule that both enhances T cell responses and facilitates antigen uptake. We assessed if CIRE/mDC-SIGN and hDC-SIGN exhibit functional similarities. CIRE/mDC-SIGN is down-regulated upon activation, but ...
Source: International Immunology - April 28, 2006 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Caminschi, I., Corbett, A. J, Zahra, C., Lahoud, M., Lucas, K. M, Sofi, M., Vremec, D., Gramberg, T., Pohlmann, S., Curtis, J., Handman, E., van Dommelen, S. L H, Fleming, P., Degli-Esposti, M. A, Shortman, K., Wright, M. D Source Type: journals

Prevalence of visceral leishmania & HIV co-infection in Nepal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prevalence of visceral leishmania & HIV co-infection in Nepal. Indian J Med Res. 2006 Mar;123(3):473-5 Authors: Gurubacharya RL, Gurubacharya SM, Gurubacharya DL, Quinkel J, Gurubacharya VL PMID: 16778325 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian J Med Res)
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Gurubacharya RL, Gurubacharya SM, Gurubacharya DL, Quinkel J, Gurubacharya VL Source Type: journals

Drug unresponsiveness & combination therapy for kala-azar.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drug unresponsiveness & combination therapy for kala-azar. Indian J Med Res. 2006 Mar;123(3):389-98 Authors: Jha TK Pentavalent antimonials (SbV) have been successfully used for treatment of kala-azar since last six decades. Since 1970s its conventional dosages have failed to achieve with 60 per cent unresponsiveness reported with WHO regimen in Bihar (India). Pentamidine initially used as a second line of drug, acquired resistance (25%) even with prolonged dosage. Newer oral drug miltefosine is a potent antileishmanial drug with longer half-life, a property likely to acquire resistance. Paromomycin has und...
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Jha TK Source Type: journals

Leishmania/HIV co-infections in the second decade.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leishmania-HIV co-infection has been globally controlled in Southern Europe since 1997 because of highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART), but it appears to be an increasing problem in other countries such as Ethopia, Sudan, Brazil or India where both infections are becoming more and more prevalent. Most of the scientific background on Leishmania/HIV co-infection has been dropped from the Mediterranean experience and although the situations among countries are not fully comparable, it is of high importance to take advantage of this knowledge. In this review several aspects of the Leishmania/HIV co-infection are e...
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Cruz I, Nieto J, Moreno J, Cañavate C, Desjeux P, Alvar J Source Type: journals

Visceral leishmaniasis - current therapeutic modalities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Major therapeutic obstacles in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) include the alarming increase in antimonial unresponsiveness especially in Bihar, India and relapses in HIV-Leishmania co-infected patients. The therapeutic armamentarium for VL is currently plagued with several limitations as the available drugs are toxic, majority are effective only parenterally and need to be administered for extended periods. The first orally effective drug, miltefosine has been approved for treating VL. In antimony refractory zones, pentavalent antimony has been largely replaced by amphotericin B deoxycholate, but prolonge...
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Sundar S, Chatterjee M Source Type: journals

Immune responses in kala-azar.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human infection with Leishmania results in diverse clinical and immunopathological situations. The capacity of the parasites to cause this wide range of disease manifestations depends upon their ability to evade the immune defense mechanisms by performing a well-tuned orchestra of hostparasite interactions inside the macrophages. While updated knowledge focus on the key role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in protection, the survival strategies of the parasites leads to the suppression of CMI which can further be aggravated by the co-infections with HIV, tuberculosis etc. The present review describes the immune mechani...
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Saha S, Mondal S, Banerjee A, Ghose J, Bhowmick S, Ali N Source Type: journals

Pre- & post-treatment evaluation of immunological features in Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients with HIV co-infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: A different immune response was noticed in patients with co-infection of HIV and Leishmania. Anti-leishmanial drug treatment led to improvement in immunological response in co-infected patients. Further studies need to be done to see the effect of combined therapy for VL and HIV on immunological parameters in these patients. PMID: 16778304 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian J Med Res)
Source: Indian J Med Res - March 14, 2006 Category: Research Authors: Sinha PK, Bimal S, Singh SK, Pandey K, Gangopadhyay DN, Bhattacharya SK Source Type: journals