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Embryonal carcinoma in a cryptorchid testis of a 3-year oldEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The undescended testis is at an increased risk of malignant transformation. Almost all such tumours occur in the second to fourth decades of life and are usually seminomas. A case of a mixed germ-cell tumour with yolk sac and embryonal carcinoma components arising in one of the hitherto uncorrected bilateral cryptorchid testes of a 3-year old child is presented. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00383-009-2528-2Authors Mainak Deb, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. John’s Medical College Hospital Johnnagara Bangalore...
Source: Pediatric Surgery International - November 14, 2009 Category: Surgery Tags: Pediatric Surgery International Source Type: journals

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the pineal region in an adult.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant embryonal tumor most often occurring in the posterior fossa in children younger than 3 years of age. Adult cases of AT/RT are very rare, and 27 cases with a diagnosis of either AT/RT or (malignant) rhabdoid tumor have been reported to date. The authors report an adult case of an AT/RT occurring in the pineal region with molecular cytogenetic and immunohistochemical confirmation. A 33-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of headache and blurred vision progressing to diplopia, and was admitted emergently due to deteriorating mental status. An MR...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - November 13, 2009 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Takei H, Adesina AM, Mehta V, Powell SZ, Langford LA Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: journals

Heterozygous germ-line mutations in the NBN gene predispose to medulloblastoma in pediatric patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The NBN (NBS1) gene belongs to a group of double-strand break repair genes. Mutations in any of these genes cause genome instability syndromes and contribute to carcinogenesis. NBN gene mutations cause increased tumor risk in Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) homozygotes as well as in NBN heterozygotes. NBS patients develop different types of malignancies; among solid tumors, medulloblastoma (MB), an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum, has been reported most frequently. The majority of medulloblastomas occur sporadically, some of them manifest within familial cancer syndromes. Several signaling pathway...
Source: Acta Neuropathologica - November 11, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Acta Neuropathologica Source Type: journals

Malignant pilomatricoma in a soft-coated Wheaten TerrierEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 3-year-old, castrated male, soft-coated Wheaten Terrier was presented for evaluation of mild lameness, fecal incontinence, lumbosacral pain, and lack of anal tone. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a large (8 × 6 × 5 cm) mass invading and expanding the pelvic bones, sacrum, and associated structures. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass contained many neoplastic cells with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and rare spindle and inflammatory cells. The neoplastic cells were 12[ndash]16 [mu]m in diameter, round to cuboidal, basaloid in appearance, and arranged both individually and in loosely cohesive cluste...
Source: Veterinary Clinical Pathology - November 3, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Karen Jackson, Lore Boger, Michael Goldschmidt, Raquel M. Walton Source Type: journals

Wnt pathway reprogramming during human embryonal carcinoma differentiation and potential for therapeutic targetingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: During induced differentiation of human EC cells, the Wnt signalling pathway is reprogrammed and canonical Wnt signalling induced. Specific species regulating non-canonical Wnt signalling conferred growth inhibition when targeted for repression in these EC cells. Notably, FZD7 repression significantly inhibited growth of human EC cells and is a promising therapeutic target for TGCTs. (Source: BMC Cancer)
Source: BMC Cancer - October 29, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Grace SnowAllison KasperAlexander BuschElisabeth SchwarzKatherine EwingsThomas BeeMichael SpinellaEthan DmitrovskySarah Freemantle Source Type: journals

Mouse models of CNS embryonal tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are devastating cancers in children, consisting of medulloblastomas, CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. One of the reasons that CNS embryonal tumors remain difficult to treat is their rarity, which makes conducting clinical trials for these tumors difficult. Recent advances of molecular biology have led us to identify molecular and genetic causality of brain tumors. Based on the genetic alterations found in humans, multiple models of human CNS embryonal tumors have been generated in genetically engineered mice. T...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - October 26, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Tumor Pathology Source Type: journals

Fusion of EWSR1 with the DUX4 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy region resulting from t(4;22)(q35;q12) in a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe here a case of embryonal RMS in a 19-year-old female patient. The conventional cytogenetic analysis showed a t(4;22)(q35;q12) translocation as the sole cytogenetic change. Complementary fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the translocation breakpoints were located in the EWSR1 gene at 22q12 and the region of the DUX4 and FSHMD1A at 4q35. This constitutes a novel example of the high frequency of EWSR1 rearrangements in various types of sarcomas as well as of its ability to fuse with a large variety of partner genes. Because DUX4 is involved in myogenic differentiation and cell-cycle control, ...
Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics - October 19, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Nicolas Sirvent, Martine Trassard, Nathalie Ebran, Rita Attias, Florence Pedeutour Tags: Original articles Source Type: journals

Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Clinical Stage IS Testis CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Patients with clinical stage IS are at significant risk for metastatic disease and can be successfully treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, thereby sparing chemotherapy in most of them. Retroperitoneal recurrence is essentially eliminated when retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is performed in this select patient group. (Source: The Journal of Urology)
Source: The Journal of Urology - October 16, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Stephen B. Williams, Graeme S. Steele, Jerome P. Richie Tags: Oncology: Prostate/Testis/Penis/Urethra Source Type: journals

Cripto-1 Is Required for Hypoxia to Induce Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cripto-1 is a membrane-bound protein that is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells and in human tumors. In the present study, we investigated the effect of low levels of oxygen, which occurs naturally in rapidly growing tissues, on Cripto-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and in human embryonal carcinoma cells. During hypoxia, Cripto-1 expression levels were significantly elevated in mES cells and in Ntera-2 or NCCIT human embryonal carcinoma cells, as compared with cells growing with normal oxygen levels. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha directly regulated Cripto-1 expression ...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - October 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bianco C, Cotten C, Lonardo E, Strizzi L, Baraty C, Mancino M, Gonzales M, Watanabe K, Nagaoka T, Berry C, Arai AE, Minchiotti G, Salomon DS Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: journals

Telomerase activity and hepatic functions of rat embryonic liver progenitor cell in nanoscaffold-coated model bioreactor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Presently, there is growing interest on telomerase activity in all cells (somatic cells, stem cells, cancerous cells and others) since this activity is associated with cellular changes such as proliferation, differentiation, immortalization, cell injury and ageing. Telomerase activity is absent in most of the somatic cells but present in over 90% of cancerous cells and other immortalized cell lines. In our present study, we cultured a rat embryonal liver progenitor cell line RLC-18 in a self-assembly nanostructured scaffold-coated bioreactor (NCB), collagen-coated plates (CCP) and uncoated plates (UP), and evaluated ch...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - October 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Giri S, Nieber K, Acikgöz A, Pavlica S, Keller M, Bader A Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: journals

Molecular networks involved in mouse cerebral corticogenesis and spatio-temporal regulation of Sox4 and Sox11 novel antisense transcripts revealed by transcriptome profilingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We report validated gene expression profiles that have implications for understanding the association between differentially expressed transcripts, novel targets and related disorders pertaining to cerebral corticogenesis. The study reports, for the first time, spatio-temporally regulated Sox4 and Sox11 antisense transcripts in brain, neural stem/progenitor cells and P19 cells suggesting they have an important role in cerebral corticogenesis and neuronal/glial cell differentiation. (Source: Genome Biology)
Source: Genome Biology - October 1, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: King-Hwa LingChelsee HewittTim BeissbarthLavinia HydeKakoli BanerjeePike-See CheahPing CannonChristopher HahnPaul ThomasGordon SmythSeong-Seng TanTim ThomasHamish Scott Source Type: journals

Emerging role of notch signaling in epidermal differentiation and skin cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Signaling mediated by the Notch receptor governs tissue development during embryonal organogenesis, while in adult tissues it contributes to maintenance of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, control by the Notch pathway of stem cell self-renewal and multi-potency points to an expanding role of Notch signaling in the progression of solid tumors. Notch and its ligands are abundantly expressed in the epidermis, where Notch signaling functions as a molecular switch that intervenes in cell transition between different skin layers during the epidermal differentiation process. More recent find...
Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy - September 29, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Panelos J, Massi D Tags: cancer Biol Ther Source Type: journals

Disrupting Polyamine Homeostasis as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neuroblastoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MYC genes are deregulated in a plurality of human cancers. Through direct and indirect mechanisms, the MYC network regulates the expression of > 15% of the human genome, including both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs. This complexity has complicated efforts to define the principal pathways mediating MYC's oncogenic activity. MYC plays a central role in providing for the bioenergetic and biomass needs of proliferating cells, and polyamines are essential cell constituents supporting many of these functions. The rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ODC, is a bona fide MYC target, as are other regulatory en...
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - September 28, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Evageliou NF, Hogarty MD Tags: Clin cancer Res Source Type: journals

Lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase in human testis and in germ cell neoplasmsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial lipase (EL, LIPG) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and protein expression in normal human testis and testicular germ cell tumours (GCT). Both EL and LPL were expressed in normal seminiferous tubules and in the interstitial compartment. EL mRNA and protein were found in all germ cells as well as in Sertoli and Leydig cells. EL mRNA was abundant in pre-invasive carcinoma in situ (CIS) cells and GCTs, and EL protein was present in the cytoplasm of these cells. LPL mRNA was also relatively abundant in germ cells, Sertoli cells, CIS cells and GCTs. The LPL protein, however, ...
Source: International Journal of Andrology - September 22, 2009 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: J. E. Nielsen, M. L. Lindegaard, L. Friis-Hansen, K. Almstrup, H. Leffers, L. B. Nielsen, E. Rajpert-De Meyts Source Type: journals

Lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase in human testis and in germ cell neoplasms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial lipase (EL, LIPG) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and protein expression in normal human testis and testicular germ cell tumours (GCT). Both EL and LPL were expressed in normal seminiferous tubules and in the interstitial compartment. EL mRNA and protein were found in all germ cells as well as in Sertoli and Leydig cells. EL mRNA was abundant in pre-invasive carcinoma in situ (CIS) cells and GCTs, and EL protein was present in the cytoplasm of these cells. LPL mRNA was also relatively abundant in germ cells, Sertoli cells, CIS cells and GCTs. The LPL protei...
Source: International Journal of Andrology - September 22, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nielsen JE, Lindegaard ML, Friis-Hansen L, Almstrup K, Leffers H, Nielsen LB, Rajpert-De Meyts E Tags: Int J Androl Source Type: journals

Integrating human stem cell expansion and neuronal differentiation in bioreactorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The culture systems developed herein are robust and represent one-step-forward towards the development of integrated bioprocesses, bridging stem cell expansion and differentiation in fully controlled bioreactors. (Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Biotechnology - Latest articles - September 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Margarida SerraCatarina BritoEunice CostaMarcos SousaPaula Alves Source Type: journals

The RNA-binding protein RBM3 is required for cell proliferation and protects against serum deprivation-induced cell death.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hypoxia and other adverse conditions are commonly encountered by rapidly growing cells. The RNA-binding protein RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3), which is transcriptionally induced by low temperature and hypoxia, has recently been implicated in survival of colon cancer cells by mechanisms involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signalling. Immunohistochemically, we found strong RBM3 expression in a variety of malignant and proliferating tissues but low expression in resting and terminally differentiated cells. RBM3 expression in fibroblasts and human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells subjected to serum deprivation or contac...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 17, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Wellmann S, Truss M, Bruder E, Tornillo L, Zelmer A, Seeger K, Bührer C Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: journals

Hep G2 is a hepatoblastoma-derived cell lineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is an embryonal malignancy of hepatocellular origin and the most common primary liver tumor of childhood, often presenting in the first years of life . Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare tumor associated with much worse prognosis and aggressive behavior than HB and significantly less responsive to chemotherapy. It may occur as early as 1 year of age and in children may not be preceded by cirrhosis. Distinguishing between these tumors is sometimes difficult, especially in older children, so our laboratory is developing molecular genetic tests and has used the well-established cell line Hep G2 f...
Source: Human Pathology - September 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Dolores López-Terrada, Sau Wai Cheung, Milton J. Finegold, Barbara B. Knowles Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Aortic Aneurysm and Orchitis Due to Wegener's GranulomatosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) with involvement of the abdominal aorta, testis, peripheral nerve system, and skin. A 51-year-old man presented at our outpatient clinic with lower back pain. He had a history of smoking, hypertension, and an embryonal carcinoma of the left testis, treated 13 years ago with orchidectomy and chemotherapy. One month earlier, he underwent a partial orchidectomy of the right testis due to testicular swelling. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 3.8cm wide aneurysm of the distal part of the aorta with inflammation. One week later he was admitted to the hospital with num...
Source: Annals of Vascular Surgery - September 11, 2009 Category: Surgery Authors: R.C. Minnee, G.E.L. van den Berk, J.O. Groeneveld, J. van Dijk, K. Turkcan, M.J. Visser, A.C. Vahl Tags: Case Report Abstracts Source Type: journals

A Novel Splice Variant of GLI1 That Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Migration and InvasionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The family of GLI zinc finger transcription factors regulates the expression of genes involved in many important cellular processes, notably embryonal development and cellular differentiation. The glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) isoform, in particular, has attracted much attention because of its frequent activation in many human cancers and its interactions with other signaling pathways, such as those mediated by K-RAS, transforming growth factor-β, epidermal growth factor receptor, and protein kinase A. Here, we report the identification of a novel truncated GLI1 splice variant, tGLI1, with an in-frame ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 30, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lo, H.-W., Zhu, H., Cao, X., Aldrich, A., Ali-Osman, F. Tags: Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: journals

Morbidity of open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer: contemporary perioperative dataEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To review differences between primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (P-RPLND) and RPLND after chemotherapy (PC-RPLND) in a contemporary series of patients with testicular cancer, to validate the proposed low morbidity. Patients who had undergone RPLND at our institution in 2001[ndash]2008 were identified and their clinical charts reviewed; in all, 190 were identified and perioperative data obtained. Of the 190 patients who had RPLND, 98 (52%) and 92 (48%) had P- and PC-RPLND, respectively. Histology of the orchidectomy specimen consisted of embryonal carcinoma in 146 (76%) patients, also including lymphovascular in...
Source: BJU International - August 28, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Stephen B. Williams, David W. McDermott, Dock Winston, Eamonn Bahnson, Alexander M. Berry, Graeme S. Steele, Jerome P. Richie Source Type: journals

Heparanase activity in alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: implications for tumor invasion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time HPSE expression and activity in RMS and highlight its involvement in tumor cell invasion as revealed by shRNA silencing. Moreover, HPSE expression in RMS patients is significantly higher with respect to healthy subjects. Further studies are warranted to assess possible relationships between HPSE and clinical behaviour in RMS. (Source: BMC Cancer)
Source: BMC Cancer - August 27, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Valentina MasolaClaudio MaranEvelyne TassoneAngelica ZinAngelo RosolenMaurizio Onisto Source Type: journals

A JNK inhibitor SP600125 induces defective cytokinesis and enlargement in P19 embryonal carcinoma cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
While analyzing the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in neurogenesis in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, we noticed that treatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, increased the cell size markedly. SP600125-induced enlargement of P19 cells was time- and dose-dependent. The increased cell size in response to SP600125 was also detected in B6mt-1 embryonic stem cells. SP600125 treatment inhibited cell growth and increased DNA contents, indicating the inhibition of cell proliferation resulting from endoreduplication. Concurrently, the gene expression of p21, a regulator of G2/M arrest as well as G1 arrest, was increased in...
Source: Cell Biochemistry and Function - August 25, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kohei Nakaya, Ryo Ooishi, Masayuki Funaba, Masaru Murakami Source Type: journals

A Novel Splice Variant of GLI1 That Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The family of GLI zinc finger transcription factors regulates the expression of genes involved in many important cellular processes, notably embryonal development and cellular differentiation. The glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) isoform, in particular, has attracted much attention because of its frequent activation in many human cancers and its interactions with other signaling pathways, such as those mediated by K-RAS, transforming growth factor-beta, epidermal growth factor receptor, and protein kinase A. Here, we report the identification of a novel truncated GLI1 splice variant, tGLI1, with an in-fram...
Source: Cell Research - August 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lo HW, Zhu H, Cao X, Aldrich A, Ali-Osman F Tags: cancer Res Source Type: journals

RAS signaling dysregulation in human embryonal RhabdomyosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common childhood solid tumor, resulting from dysregulation of the skeletal myogenesis program. Two major histological subtypes occur in childhood RMS, embryonal and alveolar. While chromosomal rearrangements account for the majority of alveolar tumors, the genetic defects underlying the pathogenesis of embryonal RMS remain largely undetermined. A few studies performed on small series of embryonal tumors suggest that dysregulation of RAS function may be relevant to disease pathogenesis. To explore further the biological and clinical relevance of mutations with perturbing consequences on RAS signa...
Source: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer - August 12, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Simone Martinelli, Heather P. McDowell, Silvia Delle Vigne, George Kokai, Stefania Uccini, Marco Tartaglia, Carlo Dominici Source Type: journals

The muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 blocks human rhabdomyosarcoma growth in xenotransplanted mice by promoting myogenic differentiationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many microRNAs (miRNAs), posttranscriptional regulators of numerous cellular processes and developmental events, are downregulated in tumors. However, their role in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. In this work, we examined the role of the muscle-specific miRNAs miR-1 and miR-206 in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a soft tissue sarcoma thought to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors. We have shown that miR-1 was barely detectable in primary RMS of both the embryonal and alveolar subtypes and that both miR-1 and miR-206 failed to be induced in RMS cell lines upon serum deprivation. Moreover, reexpression of miR-206 in...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - August 4, 2009 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Riccardo Taulli, Francesca Bersani, Valentina Foglizzo, Alessandra Linari, Elisa Vigna, Marc Ladanyi, Thomas Tuschl, Carola Ponzetto Source Type: journals

Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection In Patients With High Risk Testicular CancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
UroToday.com - We performed a retrospective review of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) patients with high risk features (30% embryonal carcinoma, with or without lymphovascular invasion) and compared primary (P-RPLND) versus post-chemotherapy (PC-RPLND) patients. The average percent embryonal carcinoma between P-RPLND vs. PC-RPLND was 75.3 vs. 71.2%, respectively. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - August 3, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Urology / Nephrology Source Type: news

Coordinate Galpha13 and Wnt6-beta-catenin signaling in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells is required for primitive endoderm differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we found that expression of either p115RhoGEF or a constitutively active, GTPase-deficient form of RhoA(L63) promoted primitive, but not parietal, endoderm formation. The overexpression of Galpha13(Q226L) or p115RhoGEF, but not Rho(L63), caused beta-catenin to translocate to the nucleus. Surprisingly, the stimulation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway was accompanied by nuclear beta-catenin and primitive endoderm formation, even when a dominant negative was used to block the signaling axis at the level of p115RhoGEF or when ROCK activity was inhibited using the pharmacological agent Y-27632. Together, results i...
Source: Biochemistry and Cell Biology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Krawetz R, Kelly GM Tags: Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: journals

Polycomb CBX7 Promotes Initiation of Heritable Repression of Genes Frequently Silenced with Cancer-Specific DNA HypermethylationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Epigenetic silencing of genes in association with aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation has emerged as a significant mechanism in the development of human cancers. Such genes are also often targets of the polycomb group repressive complexes in embryonic cells. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) has been best studied in this regard. We now examine a link between PRC1 and cancer-specific gene silencing. Here, we show a novel and direct association between a constituent of the PRC1 complex, CBX7, with gene repression and promoter DNA hypermethylation of genes frequently silenced in cancer. CBX7 is able to complex with ...
Source: Cancer Research - July 28, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mohammad, H. P., Cai, Y., McGarvey, K. M., Easwaran, H., Van Neste, L., Ohm, J. E., O'Hagan, H. M., Baylin, S. B. Tags: Molecular Biology, Pathobiology, and Genetics Source Type: journals

Establishment and characterization of a cancer cell line derived from an aggressive childhood liver tumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hepatoblastoma is a rare malignancy of childhood. The scarcity of adequate cell models has limited our understanding of this tumor. Here we describe and characterize a new human liver tumor cell line, Hep293TT, derived from an aggressive childhood hepatoblastoma.Hep293TT cells were established using primary tumor tissues from a 5-year-old Caucasian female child. This cell line has been maintained for more than 34 months and over 20 subcultures, and was characterized by histopathology, ELISA, genotype, cytogenetics, CGH array, immunohistochemistry, and molecular sequence analyses.Cells were confirmed to originate from paren...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - July 26, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tina T.-L. Chen, Dinesh Rakheja, Jaclyn Y. Hung, Peter J. Hornsby, Piotr Tabaczewski, Marcio Malogolowkin, James Feusner, Frank Miskevich, Roger Schultz, Gail E. Tomlinson Source Type: journals

Necdin: A multi functional protein with potential tumor suppressor role?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Necdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family of proteins was first identified in mouse stem cells of embryonal carcinoma origin induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid. The human gene maps to chromosome 15q11. This imprinted region is implicated in the pathogenesis of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder, where NDN is one of multiple genes silenced by deletion, maternal uniparental disomy or translocation. Due to this association, much interest has focused on the role of NDN in neuronal development and differentiation. However, a considerable number of studi...
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis - July 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Emma J. Chapman, Margaret A. Knowles Source Type: journals

Aurora B expression in post-puberal testicular germ cell tumoursEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis Aurora B expression in post-puberal testicular germ cell tumours (22 seminomas, 2 teratomas, 15 embryonal carcinomas, 5 mixed germinal tumours with a prominent yolk sac tumour component and 1 choriocarcinoma). The Aurora B protein expression was detected in all intratubular germ cell tumours, seminomas and embryonal carcinomas analysed but not in teratomas and yolk sac carcinomas. The immunohistochemical data were further confirmed by Western blot analysis. In addition, the kinase Aurora B was vigorously expressed in GC-1 cells line derived from murine sperma...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - July 21, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Francesco Esposito, Silvana Libertini, Renato Franco, Antonella Abagnale, Luigi Marra, Giuseppe Portella, Paolo Chieffi Source Type: journals

High risk NSGCT: case for surveillanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Nonrisk adapted active surveillance is the preferred management strategy for all CS I NSGCT patients including those at high-risk, providing near 100% cure rate with reduced overall treatment burden. Approximately half of the high-risk patients will be spared unnecessary treatment with little or no increase risk. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Topic PaperDOI 10.1007/s00345-009-0453-6Authors David Michael Kakiashvili, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology 610 University Avenue, Suite 3-130 Toro...
Source: World Journal of Urology - July 18, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: World Journal of Urology Source Type: journals

Expression of an Exogenous Human Oct-4 Promoter Identifies Tumor-Initiating Cells in OsteosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We explored the nature of the tumor-initiating cell in osteosarcoma, a bone malignancy that predominately occurs in children. Previously, we observed expression of Oct-4, an embryonal transcriptional regulator, in osteosarcoma cell cultures and tissues. To examine the relationship between Oct-4 and tumorigenesis, cells from an osteosarcoma biopsy (OS521) were stably transfected with a plasmid containing the human Oct-4 promoter driving a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter to generate the transgenic line OS521Oct-4p. In culture, only ~24% of the OS521Oct-4p cells were capable of activating the transgenic Oct-4 promote...
Source: Cancer Research - July 14, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Levings, P. P., McGarry, S. V., Currie, T. P., Nickerson, D. M., McClellan, S., Ghivizzani, S. C., Steindler, D. A., Gibbs, C. P. Tags: Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: journals

The pluripotency transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 is strongly expressed in intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified and seminomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this finding suggests that KLF4 may be an important factor for the maintenance of the developmental and the tumorigenic potential of IGCNU as well as for the malignancy of seminoma. (Source: Molecular Human Reproduction)
Source: Molecular Human Reproduction - July 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Godmann, M., Gashaw, I., Eildermann, K., Schweyer, S., Bergmann, M., Skotheim, R.I., Behr, R. Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Hypoxia and pluripotency in embryonic and embryonal carcinoma stem cell biology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Low oxygen availability (hypoxia) is a hallmark of rapidly proliferating tumors and has been suggested to be a characteristic of the embryonic and adult stem cell niche. The idea of relating cancer to stem cells is increasingly popular due to the identification of specific cancer stem cells sharing the typical plasticity and motility of pluripotent stem cells. Hypoxia plays a critical role in early embryonic development and in tumor progression, participating in processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Some of the molecular pathways that have been shown to mediate these hypoxi...
Source: Differentiation - July 12, 2009 Category: Research Authors: Silván U, Díez-Torre A, Arluzea J, Andrade R, Silió M, Aréchaga J Tags: Differentiation Source Type: journals

Management of primary intracranial germ cell tumorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare and usually localized in the pineal and the suprasellar regions. They are divided into the following histologic types: germinoma, teratoma (mature, immature, malignant), choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), and mixed tumors. Clinically, they are manifested with ocular signs or signs of obstructive hydrocephalus. Localized germinomas are treated with radiation therapy and exhibit a relatively good prognosis. Chemotherapy is reserved for disseminated germinomas. Mature teratomas are treated with surgery. The rest ...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - July 9, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Journal of Neuro-Oncology Source Type: journals

Expression of an Exogenous Human Oct-4 Promoter Identifies Tumor-Initiating Cells in Osteosarcoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We explored the nature of the tumor-initiating cell in osteosarcoma, a bone malignancy that predominately occurs in children. Previously, we observed expression of Oct-4, an embryonal transcriptional regulator, in osteosarcoma cell cultures and tissues. To examine the relationship between Oct-4 and tumorigenesis, cells from an osteosarcoma biopsy (OS521) were stably transfected with a plasmid containing the human Oct-4 promoter driving a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter to generate the transgenic line OS521Oct-4p. In culture, only approximately 24% of the OS521Oct-4p cells were capable of activating the transge...
Source: Cell Research - July 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Levings PP, McGarry SV, Currie TP, Nickerson DM, McClellan S, Ghivizzani SC, Steindler DA, Gibbs CP Tags: cancer Res Source Type: journals

Osteolytic bone destruction resulting from relapse of a testicular tumour 23 years after inguinal orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: a case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This case emphasizes the need for a life-long follow-up of patients with primary metastatic testicular cancer. (Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports)
Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports - June 30, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: journals

Primary hepatic embryonal sarcoma masquerading as metastatic ovarian cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Primary liver tumors should be considered in differential diagnoses in patients with ovarian cancer who subsequently present with liver tumors. This is particularly important when there is no direct evidence of recurrence of ovarian cancer. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)
Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology - June 22, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Peter KullarChristopher StonardNeville JamiesonEmmanuel HuguetRaaj PraseedomAsif Jah Source Type: journals

A protein–protein interaction of stress-responsive myosin VI endowed to inhibit neural progenitor self-replication with RNA binding protein, TLS, in murine hippocampusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have shown preferential expression of both mRNA and corresponding protein for myosin VI (Myo6) in the murine hippocampus within 24 h after the extreme traumatic experience, water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS), prior to a drastic decrease in neural progenitor proliferation in the dentate gyrus. Myosin (Myo6) protein levels were significantly increased in hippocampus within 24 h after flashback experience in mice previously exposed to WIRS. Myo6 protein was ubiquitously distributed in discrete mouse brain regions with exceptionally high expression in olfactory bulb, whereas Myo6 protein was expressed in cultured rat a...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - June 21, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Takeshi Takarada, Keisuke Tamaki, Toru Takumi, Masato Ogura, Yuma Ito, Noritaka Nakamichi, Yukio Yoneda Source Type: journals

Fanconi anemia and biallelic BRCA2 mutation diagnosed in a young child with an embryonal CNS tumorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor often arises sporadically; however, in a subgroup of patients, there exist familial conditions such as Fanconi anemia with biallelic BRCA2 mutation that predispose patients to developing medulloblastoma. Biallelic inactivation of BRCA2 in Fanconi anemia has been previously described in only 11 patients with medulloblastoma in the literature to date. Here we report two siblings diagnosed with central nervous system embryonal tumors at an early age in association with biallelic BRCA2 inactivation, including the first reported case of a spinal cord primitive neu...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - June 15, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mariko D. DeWire, David W. Ellison, Zoltan Patay, Peter J. McKinnon, Robert P. Sanders, Amar Gajjar Source Type: journals

Diferuloylmethane augments the cytotoxic effects of piplartine isolated from Piper chaba.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Natural compound based anticancer drug discovery is gaining interest against a wide variety of tumors. E-piplartine (trans-piplartine), a natural compound isolated from Piper chaba roots is examined against rat histiocytoma (BC-8), mouse embryonal carcinoma (PCC4), mouse macrophages (P388D1 and J774), and human neuroblastoma (IMR32) tumor cells. While Z-piplartine (cis-piplartine) failed to induce cytotoxicity (even at higher concentrations, 50muM), E-piplartine induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity (2-24muM) in different tumor cells. The combinatorial treatment of piplartine with diferuloylmethane (curcumin), an anti-...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - June 5, 2009 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jyothi D, Vanathi P, Mangala Gowri P, Rama Subba Rao V, Madhusudana Rao J, Sreedhar AS Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: journals

Results of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy in patients with pure seminoma in the orchidectomy specimen but elevated serum α-fetoproteinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To determine the incidence of necrosis, teratoma, and active cancer in specimens at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) after chemotherapy in patients who presented with a pure seminoma primary tumour and an elevated serum [alpha]-fetoprotein (AFP) level at diagnosis who underwent surgery. A retrospective review of the Indiana University testis cancer database from 1980 to 2004 was performed to identify all patients with metastasic germ cell cancer, pure seminoma in the orchidectomy specimen, and an elevated AFP level. In all, 42 patients were identified; two with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer in the contralat...
Source: BJU International - June 5, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Matthew Peterson, Stephen Beck, Richard Bihrle, Lawrence Einhorn, Richard Foster Source Type: journals

Identification of ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 in human seminoma, in embryonal carcinoma and in their adjacent intratubular germ cell neoplasiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion A variable ERbeta expression was previously reported in testicular germ cell tumours and, particularly, an ERbeta down-regulation was evidenced in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Conversely, the current study has clearly identified ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 in the neoplastic cells of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, as well as in the malignant cells of their common pre-invasive precursor, intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Therefore, our findings suggest that ERbeta1 together with a possible ERbeta2 contribute, can mediate estrogen action in both early and late neoplastic testicular germ cells, not confirming the pr...
Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology - June 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vittoria RagoFrancesco RomeoFrancesca GiordanoAurora FerraroSebastiano AndoAmalia Carpino Source Type: journals

Living donor liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a case of BWS in a girl with unresectable hepatoblastoma, who received a planned LVDT following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. This is the first case report of liver transplantation for patients with BWS. Tumor surveillance after transplantation would be necessary to detect possible recurrence of the original disease and development of other malignancies. (Source: Pediatric Transplantation)
Source: Pediatric Transplantation - June 1, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Kazunari Sasaki, Mureo Kasahara, Akinari Fukuda, Takanobu Shigeta, Hideaki Tanaka, Satoshi Nakagawa, Kazumasa Mitsui, Ryoko Harada, Atsuko Nakagawa Source Type: journals

News From The Journal Of Clinical Investigation, May 26, 2009Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ONCOLOGY: Targeting the more lethal form of the cancer rhabdomyosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive muscle cancer that mostly affects children. The most common forms of RMS are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). Although ARMS is less common than ERMS, it is associated with a much higher rate of mortality. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 28, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: cancer / Oncology Source Type: news

New Hope To Treat Lethal Cancer RhabdomyosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive muscle cancer that mostly affects children. The most common forms of Rhabdomyosarcoma are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). Although alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is less common than ERMS, it is associated with a much higher rate of mortality. (Source: Huliq Health News)
Source: Huliq Health News - May 26, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: harminka Tags: Health cancer Rhabdomyosarcoma Source Type: news

Focusing On The More Lethal Form Of The Cancer RhabdomyosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive muscle cancer that mostly affects children. The most common forms of RMS are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). Although ARMS is less common than ERMS, it is associated with a much higher rate of mortality. A therapy tailored to the ARMS form of RMS is therefore badly needed. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 26, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: cancer / Oncology Source Type: news

Targeting the more lethal form of the cancer rhabdomyosarcomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Journal of Clinical Investigation) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) are the most common forms of an aggressive muscle cancer that mostly affects children. Although ARMS is less common than ERMS, it is associated with a much higher rate of mortality. New research, showing that the protein ILK promotes the growth of ARMS cells but suppresses the growth of ERMS cells, provides hope that developing a therapy tailored to the ARMS form of the cancer might be possible. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - May 26, 2009 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news