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This page shows you the latest news and research items in this category.

MicroRNA-mediated loss of ADAR1 in metastatic melanoma promotes tumor growth
Some solid tumors have reduced posttranscriptional RNA editing by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, but the functional significance of this alteration has been unclear. Here, we found the primary RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is frequently reduced in metastatic melanomas. In situ analysis of melanoma samples using progression tissue microarrays indicated a substantial downregulation of ADAR1 during the metastatic transition. Further, ADAR1 knockdown altered cell morphology, promoted in vitro proliferation, and markedly enhanced the tumorigenicity in vivo. A comparative whole genome expression microarray analysis...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - May 26, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yael Nemlich, Eyal Greenberg, Rona Ortenberg, Michal J. Besser, Iris Barshack, Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch, Elad Jacoby, Eran Eyal, Ludmila Rivkin, Victor G. Prieto, Nitin Chakravarti, Lyn M. Duncan, David M. Kallenberg, Eitan Galun, Dorothy C. Bennett, Ninette Source Type: research

The genomic landscape of retinoblastoma: a review
Abstract Retinoblastoma is a paediatric ocular tumour that continues to reveal much about the genetic basis of cancer development. Study of genomic aberrations in retinoblastoma tumours has exposed important mechanisms of cancer development and identified oncogenes and tumour suppressors that offer potential points of therapeutic intervention. The recent development of next‐generation genomic technologies has allowed further refinement of the genomic landscape of retinoblastoma at high resolution. In a relatively short period of time, a wealth of genetic and epigenetic data has emerged on a small number of tumour samples...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - May 22, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Brigitte L Thériault, Helen Dimaras, Brenda L Gallie, Timothy W Corson Tags: Review Source Type: research

Lack of SF3B1 R625 mutations in cutaneous melanoma
Conclusions: We conclude that recurrent mutations in codon 625 ofSF3B1 as reported in uveal melanoma are not present in most types of cutaneous melanoma. This highlightsthe genetic differences between cutaneous and uveal melanoma and the need for subtype specific therapeuticapproaches.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5324677809600649 (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)
Source: Diagnostic Pathology - May 21, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Bastian SchillingNicola BielefeldAntje SuckerUwe HillenLisa ZimmerDirk SchadendorfMichael ZeschnigkKlaus Griewank Source Type: research

Near-infrared transillumination photography to detect anterior uveal melanomas through black IOLs.
Abstract PMID: 23686325 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - May 18, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yusuf IH, Peirson SN, Patel CK Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical and molecular pathology of ocular uveal melanocytoma: Evidence for somatic GNAQ mutations.
CONCLUSIONS: GNAQ mutations are present in uveal melanocytomas and in a case of transformation to melanoma, implicating GNAQ-dependent mitogen activation signals, in the pathogenesis of uveal melanocytoma. This assists in explaining why a proportion of uveal melanocytoma can transform to uveal melanoma, known to harbour high-frequency GNAQ mutations at exon 5, codon 209. PMID: 23685997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - May 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mudhar HS, Doherty R, Salawu A, Sisley K, Rennie IG Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Retinoblastoma
Media Type: Textbook Synopsis: The diagnosis and treatment of children with retinoblastoma have been incredibly successful since the past half century in improving survival and cure, eye preservation and, occasionally, functional vision in the affected eye (s). This book depicts a broad, comprehensive overview including differential diagnosis, natal/genetic testing and counseling, treatment, research, and future trends and research. It is essentially past, present and potential future of retinoblastoma. The editors enlisted 70 international specialists assumingly to ensure an unbiased book but weren’t completely success...
Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology - May 15, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zélia M. Correa Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research

Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the retina and ciliary body in dogs
We describe the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of primary intraocular primitive neuroectodermal tumors in eight dogs. Four of eight tumors exhibited histological features similar to human retinoblastomas characterized by Flexner–Wintersteiner rosettes, and fleurettes, and demonstrated variable immunoreactivity for retinal markers opsin, S‐antigen (S‐Ag) and interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein (IRBP). All dogs with tumors displaying histological and immunohistochemical features of retinal differentiation were ≤2 years of age. All tumors diagnosed as medulloepitheliomas (n = 4) ...
Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology - May 15, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Daniel P. Regan, Richard R. Dubielzig, Caroline J. Zeiss, Brad Charles, Sarah S. Hoy, E. J. Ehrhart Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Link Suggested Between Tumor Suppressors And Starvation Survival
A particular tumor suppressor gene* that fights cancer cells does more than clamp down on unabated cell division -- the hallmark of the disease -- it also can help make cells more fit by allowing them to fend off stress, says a University of Colorado Boulder study. CU-Boulder Professor Min Han said the research team was interested in how a common tumor suppressor gene known as Retinoblastoma 1, or Rb, behaved under conditions of starvation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - May 14, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer / Oncology Source Type: news

Second and subsequent tumours among 1927 retinoblastoma patients diagnosed in Britain 1951–2004
Second and subsequent tumours among 1927 retinoblastoma patients diagnosed in Britain 1951–2004 British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, May 14 2013. doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.228 Authors: A MacCarthy, A M Bayne, P A Brownbill, K J Bunch, N L Diggens, G J Draper, M M Hawkins, H C Jenkinson, J E Kingston, C A Stiller, T J Vincent & M F G Murphy (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)
Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP - May 14, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: A MacCarthyA M BayneP A BrownbillK J BunchN L DiggensG J DraperM M HawkinsH C JenkinsonJ E KingstonC A StillerT J VincentM F G Murphy Source Type: research

Autonomic cardio‐respiratory reflex reactions and superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma
ConclusionAdverse cardio‐respiratory reactions are commonly observed in SOAC for retinoblastoma. We believe that the adverse clinical signs represent an autonomic reflex response, akin to the trigemino‐cardiac or oculo‐respiratory reflexes, and all patients should be considered at‐risk. Reactions occur only during second or subsequent procedures and can be life‐threatening. The routine use of intravenous atropine does not seem to have altered the incidence or severity of these reactions. Anesthetists and interventional neuroradiologists involved in SOAC must be vigilant to ensure adverse reactions, when they deve...
Source: Pediatric Anesthesia - May 13, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Trudie J. Phillips, Simon P. McGuirk, Hardeep K. Chahal, Judith Kingston, Fergus Robertson, Stefan Brew, Derek Roebuck, John L. Hungerford, Jane Herod Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Replication modes of Maize streak virus mutants lacking RepA or the RepA-pRBR interaction motif.
Abstract The plant-infecting mastreviruses (family Geminiviridae) express two distinct replication-initiator proteins, Rep and RepA. Although RepA is essential for systemic infectivity, little is known about its precise function. We therefore investigated its role in replication using 2D-gel electrophoresis to discriminate the replicative forms of Maize streak virus (MSV) mutants that either fail to express RepA (RepA(-)), or express RepA that is unable to bind the plant retinoblastoma related protein, pRBR. Whereas amounts of viral DNA were reduced in two pRBR-binding deficient RepA mutants, their repertoires of r...
Source: Virology - May 13, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ruschhaupt M, Martin DP, Lakay F, Bezuidenhout M, Rybicki EP, Jeske H, Shepherd DN Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Autonomic cardio-respiratory reflex reactions and superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.
CONCLUSION: Adverse cardio-respiratory reactions are commonly observed in SOAC for retinoblastoma. We believe that the adverse clinical signs represent an autonomic reflex response, akin to the trigemino-cardiac or oculo-respiratory reflexes, and all patients should be considered at-risk. Reactions occur only during second or subsequent procedures and can be life-threatening. The routine use of intravenous atropine does not seem to have altered the incidence or severity of these reactions. Anesthetists and interventional neuroradiologists involved in SOAC must be vigilant to ensure adverse reactions, when they develop, are...
Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia - May 13, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Phillips TJ, McGuirk SP, Chahal HK, Kingston J, Robertson F, Brew S, Roebuck D, Hungerford JL, Herod J Tags: Paediatr Anaesth Source Type: research

A case-control study of paternal occupational exposures and the risk of childhood sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma
Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential role of paternal occupational exposures to non-welding metals and perhaps pesticides in the aetiology of childhood retinoblastoma. (Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine)
Source: Occupational and Environmental Medicine - May 8, 2013 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Abdolahi, A., van Wijngaarden, E., McClean, M. D., Herrick, R. F., Allen, J. G., Ganguly, A., Bunin, G. R. Tags: Other exposures Workplace Source Type: research

p53 modulates HPV DNA amplification [Microbiology]
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) amplify in differentiated strata of a squamous epithelium. The HPV E7 protein destabilizes the p130/retinoblastoma susceptibility protein family of tumor suppressors and reactivates S-phase reentry, thereby facilitating viral DNA amplification. The high-risk HPV E6 protein destabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor and many other host proteins. However, the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 7, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Kho, E.-Y., Wang, H.-K., Banerjee, N. S., Broker, T. R., Chow, L. T. Tags: Inaugural Articles Biological Sciences Source Type: research

RB goes mitochondrial [Perspectives]
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor RB is well known for its capacity to restrict cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle by controlling the transcription of cell cycle genes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Hilgendorf and colleagues (pp. 1003–1015) have identified a novel tumor suppressor function for RB independent of its role as a transcriptional regulator, in which RB directly activates the apoptosis regulator Bax at the mitochondria to promote cell death. (Source: Genes and Development)
Source: Genes and Development - May 7, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Attardi, L. D., Sage, J. Tags: Cell Death, Cancer and Disease Models Perspectives Source Type: research

The retinoblastoma protein induces apoptosis directly at the mitochondria [Research Papers]
The retinoblastoma protein gene RB-1 is mutated in one-third of human tumors. Its protein product, pRB (retinoblastoma protein), functions as a transcriptional coregulator in many fundamental cellular processes. Here, we report a nonnuclear role for pRB in apoptosis induction via pRB's direct participation in mitochondrial apoptosis. We uncovered this activity by finding that pRB potentiated TNFα-induced apoptosis even when translation was blocked. This proapoptotic function was highly BAX-dependent, suggesting a role in mitochondrial apoptosis, and accordingly, a fraction of endogenous pRB constitutively associated ...
Source: Genes and Development - May 7, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hilgendorf, K. I., Leshchiner, E. S., Nedelcu, S., Maynard, M. A., Calo, E., Ianari, A., Walensky, L. D., Lees, J. A. Tags: Research Papers Source Type: research

In vivo high-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of choroidal melanoma in rabbits: imaging features and histopathologic correlations.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation between in vivo sonographic tumour volume/size and histologic tumour size in our rabbit choroidal melanoma model. HF-CE-US corresponds to MVD and blood volume. PMID: 23645822 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - May 4, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kang SJ, Zhang Q, Patel SR, Berezovsky D, Yang H, Wang Y, Grossniklaus HE Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Cell cycle regulation score predicts relapse‐free survival in non‐germinal centre diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients treated by means of immunochemotherapy
ConclusionThe prognosis of non‐GC DLBCL patients is progressively impaired with the accumulation of damage in different cell cycle–regulating pathways. (Source: European Journal of Haematology)
Source: European Journal of Haematology - May 3, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Anna Kaisa Pasanen, Kirsi‐Maria Haapasaari, Jenni Peltonen, Ylermi Soini, Esa Jantunen, Risto Bloigu, Taina Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen, Outi Kuittinen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Local treatment failure after globe-conserving therapy for choroidal melanoma.
Abstract Local treatment failure after globe-conserving therapy for choroidal melanoma is a surgical complication with significant morbidity to the vision and eye. Few reports in the literature have addressed this complication exclusively. A review of the published literature with reference to local treatment failure in the management of choroidal melanoma was performed to make known the potential differences in failure rates between treatment modalities and methods. A search of the literature regarding local treatment failure was performed to identify relevant studies using combinations of the following keywords o...
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - May 3, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chang MY, McCannel TA Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

FDA advisers recommend against Delcath's cancer therapy
(Reuters) - A panel of advisers to the U.S. health regulator unanimously recommended against approving Delcath Systems Inc's cancer therapy for a rare form of eye cancer that spreads to the liver, saying it was too risky. (Source: Reuters: Health)
Source: Reuters: Health - May 2, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: healthNews Source Type: news

Gene Expression Profiling versus TNM Classification
We respectfully wish to draw attention to the way in which the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was applied by Onken et al in their validation of a multigene prognostic assay in patients with uveal melanoma. (Source: Ophthalmology)
Source: Ophthalmology - May 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tero Kivelä, Emma Kujala Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Late effects of orbital enucleation and radiation on maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation: A clinical report
The retinoblastoma is one of the most common tumors of the eye diagnosed in childhood. The treatment for patients with retinoblastoma includes surgical removal of the lesion along with adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. If the tumor is controlled, these treatments can have secondary adverse effects pertaining to the growth and development of orofacial structures in young patients. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who underwent enucleation followed by radiation therapy and adjunctive chemotherapy to treat the primary diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This therapy resulted in a comb...
Source: Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry - May 1, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Supanut Tummawanit, Binit Shrestha, Sita Thaworanunta, Theerathavaj Srithavaj Source Type: research

Outlook For Minority, Uninsured Pediatric Retinoblastoma Patients Worsened By Delays In Diagnosis
When the eye cancer retinoblastoma is diagnosed in racial and ethnic minority children whose families don't have private health insurance, it often takes a more invasive, potentially life-threatening course than in other children, probably because of delays in diagnosis, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center (DF/CHCC) researchers report at the 26th annual meeting of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology being held in Miami, April 24-27... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - April 26, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Eye Health / Blindness Source Type: news

GNA11 and N‐RAS mutations: alternatives for MAPK pathway activating GNAQ mutations in primary melanocytic tumours of the central nervous system
Conclusions: In primary melanocytic tumours of the CNS, GNA11 and N‐RAS mutations represent a mechanism of MAPK pathway activation alternative to the common GNAQ mutations. On the other hand, BRAFV600E mutations and activating KIT mutations seem to be absent or very rare in these tumours. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - April 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Gessi, J. Hammes, L. Lauriola, E. Dörner, J. Kirfel, G. Kristiansen, A. zur Muehlen, D. Denkhaus, A. Waha, T. Pietsch Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Ipilimumab in pretreated metastastic uveal melanoma patients. Results of the Dutch Working group on Immunotherapy of Oncology (WIN-O).
PMID: 23607756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)
Source: Acta Oncologica - April 23, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kelderman S, van der Kooij MK, van den Eertwegh AJ, Soetekouw PM, Jansen RL, van den Brom RR, Hospers GA, Haanen JB, Kapiteijn E, Blank CU Tags: Acta Oncol Source Type: research

Tumor-related lipid exudation and associated tumor-related complications after plaque radiotherapy of posterior uveal melanoma.
Conclusions. Tumor-related lipid exudation following plaque radiotherapy of posterior uveal melanoma is associated with major intraocular complications and portends poor prognosis for final visual acuity and eye retention. These findings provide evidence for the presence of 2 distinct pathogenic mechanisms, one radiation-induced and one tumor-related, in development of postradiation complications in eyes with posterior uveal melanoma. PMID: 23483500 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology - April 22, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mashayekhi A, Tuncer S, Shields CL, Shields JA Tags: Eur J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

RB1 in cancer: Different mechanisms of RB1 inactivation and alterations of pRb pathway in tumorigenesis
Abstract Loss of RB1 gene is considered either a causal or an accelerating event in retinoblastoma. A variety of mechanisms inactivates RB1 gene, including intragenic mutations, loss of expression by methylation and chromosomal deletions, with effects which are species–and cell type‐specific. RB1 deletion can even lead to aneuploidy thus greatly increasing cancer risk. The RB1gene is part of a larger gene family that includes RBL1 and RBL2, each of the three encoding structurally related proteins indicated as pRb, p107, and p130, respectively. The great interest in these genes and proteins springs from their ability to...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - April 18, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Riccardo Di Fiore, Antonella D'Anneo, Giovanni Tesoriere, Renza Vento Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

MicroRNA-495 inhibits proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells by downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Conclusions: This study revealed miR-495 is down-regulated in glioma tissues. Furthermore, miR-495 regulated CDK6 expression and involved in glioma cell growth inhibition, which indicated the possible role of miR-495 in tumor progression. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)
Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology - April 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shu-Mei ChenHua-Chien ChenShu-Jen ChenChiung-Yin HuangPin-Yuan ChenTai-Wei WuLy-Ying FengHong-Chieh TsaiTai-Ngar LuiChuen HsuehKuo-Chen Wei Source Type: research

Presence and distribution of l‐kynurenine aminotransferases immunoreactivity in human cataractous lenses
Conclusions: Presence of l‐kynurenine aminotransferases in extracellular matrix (ECM) during human cataract formation suggests that products of l‐kynurenine pathway might be involved in mechanisms of cataractogenesis. (Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - April 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Robert Rejdak, Agnieszka Oleszczuk, Carmen Rummelt, Waldemar A. Turski, Tomasz Choragiewicz, Katarzyna Nowomiejska, Katarzyna Ksiazek, Sebastian Thaler, Tomasz Zarnowski, Etsuo Okuno, Pawel Grieb, Eberhart Zrenner, Friedrich Kruse, Anselm G. M. Junemann Source Type: research

Findings of perinatal ocular examination performed on 3573, healthy full-term newborns
Conclusion Ocular examination of healthy newborns leads to the detection of a significant number of ocular pathologies. The most commonly discovered ocular abnormality during examination of the newborns in this study is retinal haemorrhage. The long-term impact of these findings is unknown. Although presumed by some to benign, neonatal retinal haemorrhages due to birth trauma could be involved in altering visual development. Further work, including prospective examination of newborns with long-term follow-up, is needed and supported by our findings. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - April 16, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Li, L.-H., Li, N., Zhao, J.-Y., Fei, P., Zhang, G.-m., Mao, J.-b., Rychwalski, P. J. Tags: Open access Original articles - Clinical science Source Type: research

Prognosis of choroidal melanoma and the result of ruthenium brachytherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy in Korean patients
Conclusions Choroidal melanomas in Korean patients tend to grow vertically with a relatively large apical height and a small LBD. The prognosis of choroidal melanomas overall as well as prognosis after Ru brachytherapy were similar to those seen in previous studies with Caucasian patients. The enucleation rate after brachytherapy seems to be higher in Korean patients, for which a greater initial tumour height seems to be partly responsible. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology - April 16, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kwon, H. J., Ko, J. S., Kim, M., Lee, C. S., Lee, S. C. Tags: Original articles - Clinical science Source Type: research

AMPK Is Necessary to Maintain Glioblastoma Proliferation
In this study, we examined the role of AMPK in a mouse model of astrocytoma driven by oncogenic H-RasV12 and/or with PTEN deletion based on the common constitutive activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT cascades in human astrocytomas. We also evaluated the activity and role of AMPK in human glioblastoma cells and xenografts. AMPK was constitutively activated in astrocytes expressing oncogenic H-RasV12 in parallel with high cell division rates. Genetic deletion of AMPK or attenuation of its activity in these cells was sufficient to reduce cell proliferation. The levels of pAMK were always related to the levels of phosph...
Source: Cancer Research - April 15, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rios, M., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., Prieto, A., Fraga, M., Costoya, J. A., Senaris, R. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

Retinoblastoma with unusual association of postaxial polydactyly.
Conclusions: Postaxial polydactyly should be considered as an association of retinoblastoma. PMID: 23640512 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology - April 15, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mishra D, Ranjan P, Sinha BP, Baijal V, Bhadauria M Tags: Eur J Ophthalmol Source Type: research

Genetic Modulation of the Iris Transillumination Defect: A Systems Genetics Analysis using the Expanded Family of BXD Glaucoma Strains.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 23582180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research)
Source: Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research - April 13, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Swaminathan S, Lu H, Williams RW, Lu L, Jablonski MM Tags: Pigment Cell Melanoma Res Source Type: research

A systematic review of time to diagnosis in children and young adults with cancer
Conclusions Within the childhood and young adult population, TTD for cancer varies between diagnostic groups and with age at diagnosis in the majority of studies. In order that clear conclusions can be drawn from early diagnosis research in children and young adults, specific criteria identifying circumstances in which delay has occurred should accompany a defined time line to diagnosis or treatment in every study. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - April 12, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lethaby, C. D., Picton, S., Kinsey, S. E., Phillips, R., van Laar, M., Feltbower, R. G. Tags: Oncology, Neurooncology Original article Source Type: research

UCLA researchers find potential link between auto pollution, some childhood cancers
Scientists from UCLA's Fielding School of Public Health led by Julia Heck, an assistant researcher in the school's epidemiology department and a member of UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, have found a possible link between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and several childhood cancers. The results of their study — the first to examine air pollution from traffic and a number of rarer childhood cancers — were presented on April 9 in an abstract at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in Washington, D.C. For the study, the UCLA researchers utilized data on 3,...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - April 9, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

A palliative approach for rehabilitation of a pediatric patient with retinoblastoma
Himanshi Aggarwal, Pradeep Kumar, Raghuwar Dayal Singh, Sanjiv Kumar GuptaIndian Journal of Palliative Care 2013 19(1):67-70Retinoblastoma is a highly malignant neoplasm. Most of the cases are usually far advanced at the time of detection, requiring enucleation to salvage the child's life. However, the cosmetic rehabilitation of these patients should always be an integral part of their treatment, which helps in their re-integration in the society. This paper presents a case of 5-year-old patient who had undergone enucleation of her left eye due to retinoblastoma. A multidisciplinary approach, including ophthalmologi...
Source: Indian Journal of Palliative Care - April 8, 2013 Category: Palliative Care Authors: Himanshi AggarwalPradeep KumarRaghuwar Dayal SinghSanjiv Kumar Gupta Source Type: research

Non-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNA
Nature advance online publication 07 April 2013. doi:10.1038/nature12065 Authors: Muhammed Murtaza, Sarah-Jane Dawson, Dana W. Y. Tsui, Davina Gale, Tim Forshew, Anna M. Piskorz, Christine Parkinson, Suet-Feung Chin, Zoya Kingsbury, Alvin S. C. Wong, Francesco Marass, Sean Humphray, James Hadfield, David Bentley, Tan Min Chin, James D. Brenton, Carlos Caldas & Nitzan Rosenfeld Cancers acquire resistance to systemic treatment as a result of clonal evolution and selection. Repeat biopsies to study genomic evolution as a result of therapy are difficult, invasive and may be confounded by intra-tumour heterogeneity. Recent...
Source: Nature AOP - April 7, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Muhammed MurtazaSarah-Jane DawsonDana W. Y. TsuiDavina GaleTim ForshewAnna M. PiskorzChristine ParkinsonSuet-Feung ChinZoya KingsburyAlvin S. C. WongFrancesco MarassSean HumphrayJames HadfieldDavid BentleyTan Min ChinJames D. BrentonCarlos CaldasNitzan Ro Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Non-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNA
Brenton, Carlos Caldas & Nitzan Rosenfeld Cancers acquire resistance to systemic treatment as a result of clonal evolution and selection. Repeat biopsies to study genomic evolution as a result of therapy are difficult, invasive and may be confounded by intra-tumour heterogeneity. Recent studies have shown that genomic alterations in solid cancers can be characterized by massively parallel sequencing of circulating cell-free tumour DNA released from cancer cells into plasma, representing a non-invasive liquid biopsy. Here we report sequencing of cancer exomes in serial plasma samples to track genomic evolution of m...
Source: Nature - April 7, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Muhammed MurtazaSarah-Jane DawsonDana W. Y. TsuiDavina GaleTim ForshewAnna M. PiskorzChristine ParkinsonSuet-Feung ChinZoya KingsburyAlvin S. C. WongFrancesco MarassSean HumphrayJames HadfieldDavid BentleyTan Min ChinJames D. BrentonCarlos CaldasNitzan Ro Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Cell cycle regulation score predicts relapse‐free survival in non‐germinal center diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients treated by means of immunochemotherapy
ConclusionThe prognosis of non‐GC DLBCL patients is progressively impaired with the accumulation of damage in different cell cycle –regulating pathways.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: European Journal of Haematology)
Source: European Journal of Haematology - April 6, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Anna Kaisa Pasanen, Kirsi‐Maria Haapasaari, Jenni Peltonen, Ylermi Soini, Esa Jantunen, Risto Bloigu, Taina Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen, Outi Kuittinen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

E2f2 induces cone photoreceptor apoptosis independent of E2f1 and E2f3
& R Bremner (Source: Cell Death and Differentiation)
Source: Cell Death and Differentiation - April 5, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: D ChenY ChenD ForrestR Bremner Tags: retinoblastoma E2f p53 cone photoreceptor retina Source Type: research

Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study on the Postoperative Treatment of Unilateral Retinoblastoma After Primary Enucleation [Pediatric Oncology]
Conclusion The survival rate of 100% was excellent, including 57% of patients who received no adjuvant therapy, suggesting that chemotherapy could be de-escalated in some patients, especially those with massive choroidal involvement. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - April 5, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Aerts, Sastre-Garau, Savignoni, Lumbroso-Le Rouic, Thebaud-Leculee, Frappaz, Coze, Thomas, Gauthier-Villars, Levy-Gabriel, Brisse, Desjardins, Doz Tags: Retinoblastoma Pediatric Oncology Source Type: research

Opposing regulation of Sox2 by cell-cycle effectors E2f3a and E2f3b in neural stem cells.
Abstract The mechanisms through which cell-cycle control and cell-fate decisions are coordinated in proliferating stem cell populations are largely unknown. Here, we show that E2f3 isoforms, which control cell-cycle progression in cooperation with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), have critical effects during developmental and adult neurogenesis. Loss of either E2f3 isoform disrupts Sox2 gene regulation and the balance between precursor maintenance and differentiation in the developing cortex. Both isoforms target the Sox2 locus to maintain baseline levels of Sox2 expression but antagonistically regulate Sox2 level...
Source: Cell Stem Cell - April 4, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Julian LM, Vandenbosch R, Pakenham CA, Andrusiak MG, Nguyen AP, McClellan KA, Svoboda DS, Lagace DC, Park DS, Leone G, Blais A, Slack RS Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

MiR-223/Ect2/p21 signaling regulates osteosarcoma cell cycle progression and proliferation.
In this study we found that miRNA-223 was downregulated in both osteosarcoma patients' tumor tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines. Overexpression of miRNA-233 greatly inhibited the proliferation of Saos-2 cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed the arrest of cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. Further mechanistic study indicated that Ect2 was directly targeted by miR-223. Downregulation of Ect2 by miR-223 induces the expression of p21, p27 and the phospharylation of retinoblastoma, which are involved in the G1 block. We concluded that miR-223 functions as a tumor suppresser in osteosarcoma and miR-223/Ect2/p...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - April 3, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xu J, Yao Q, Hou Y, Xu M, Liu S, Yang L, Zhang L, Xu H Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

Coactivation by pRB and E2F1
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRB is conventionally regarded as an inhibitor of the E2F family of transcription factors. Conversely, pRB is also recognized as an activator of tissue-specific gene expression along various lineages including osteoblastogenesis. During osteoblast differentiation, pRB directly targets Alpl and Bglap, which encode the major markers of osteogenesis alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Surprisingly, p130 and repressor E2Fs were recently found to cooccupy and repress Alpl and Bglap in proliferating osteoblast precursors before differentiation. This raises the further question of whe...
Source: Cancer Research - April 2, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Flowers, S., Xu, F., Moran, E. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Source Type: research

Novel MEK inhibitor trametinib and other retinoblastoma gene (RB)‐reactivating agents enhance efficacy of 5‐fluorouracil on human colon cancer cells
Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has become more complicated and diversified with the appearance of molecular‐targeting agents. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) has been a mainstay of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, but it is still unknown whether the combining of 5‐FU with novel molecular‐targeting agents is effective. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5‐FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5‐FU's efficacy. We therefore hypothesized that RB‐reactivating agents could enhance the efficacy of 5‐FU, because the RB‐reactivating agents could suppress the function of tran...
Source: Cancer Science - April 2, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Motoki Watanabe, Yoshihiro Sowa, Mayumi Yogosawa, Toshiyuki Sakai Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

[Comment] Role of MYCN in retinoblastoma
The discovery of proto-oncogenes transformed our insight into mechanisms of cancer. Subsequently, identification of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) heralded the notion that malignant disease has a hereditary basis, by showing that both germinal and somatic acquisition of mutations in a tumour-suppressor gene causes tumorigenesis. Indeed, analysis of the latency of tumour onset had predicted—even before the culprit gene was found—that retinoblastoma would arise either through a single hit in the remaining normal allele in hereditary disease or by mutations in both alleles of individuals with acquired retinoblastoma. (Sour...
Source: The Lancet Oncology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dean W Felsher Tags: Comment Source Type: research

[Articles] Characterisation of retinoblastomas without RB1 mutations: genomic, gene expression, and clinical studies
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene might initiate retinoblastoma in the presence of non-mutated RB1 genes. These unilateral RB1+/+MYCNA retinoblastomas are characterised by distinct histological features, only a few of the genomic copy-number changes that are characteristic of retinoblastoma, and very early age of diagnosis. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)
Source: The Lancet Oncology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Diane E Rushlow, Berber M Mol, Jennifer Y Kennett, Stephanie Yee, Sanja Pajovic, Brigitte L Thériault, Nadia L Prigoda-Lee, Clarellen Spencer, Helen Dimaras, Timothy W Corson, Renée Pang, Christine Massey, Roseline Godbout, Zhe Jiang, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Tags: Articles Source Type: research

A Multidisciplinary Approach for Management of Postenucleation Socket Syndrome with Dermis‐Fat Graft and Ocular Prosthesis: A Clinical Report
This article reports on a patient suffering from severe postenucleation socket syndrome after enucleation of the bulbus with postoperative irradiation of the orbit due to retinoblastoma and its subsequent management by a dermal‐fat graft and ocular prosthesis. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the usefulness of dermal‐fat grafting as a safe and stable orbital volume replacement following enucleation. (Source: Journal of Prosthodontics)
Source: Journal of Prosthodontics - April 1, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Himanshi Aggarwal, Kamleshwar Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Habib A. Alvi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Can augmented trabeculectomies cause iatrogenic melanoma?
We describe a patient who developed extraocular extension of a uveal amelanotic melanoma 14 months following a trabeculectomy augmented with mitomycin C. A 59 year old female was referred with a 3 month history of elevated intraocular pressure of her right eye. The patient had fair skin, blue irides and a history of a level 1 melanoma removal from her right upper arm 21 years prior to presentation. On examination BCVA was R 6/10 and L 6/5. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were right 33mmHg and left 14mmHg. Her right pupil was noted to be mid‐dilated and fixed from previous injury (Figure 1.), while the left was normal. Gonios...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - April 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jenna Besley, Graham A Lee, Kevin Whitehead, Peter Shah Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research