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634 records returned

School resources, resource allocation, and risk of physical assault against Minnesota educators.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate the relation between schools' resource levels (i.e., annual per student expenditures), school resource allocations, and physical assault (PA) against Minnesota's educators, a study was conducted from the two-phase Minnesota Educators' Study (MES) that incorporated school-level fiscal and demographic data from the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE). The MES examined a randomly selected cohort of employed, state-licensed kindergarten through grade 12 educators. From mailed questionnaires, response rates for both Phase I (comprehensive data collection on violent events) and Phase II (case-control) were...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Sage SK, Gerberich SG, Ryan AD, Nachreiner NM, Church TR, Alexander BH, Mongin SJ Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Child bystanding: A risk factor for injury and identifying its' determinants on midwestern agricultural operations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Although parents cannot child-proof their operations, it is important for them to understand the apparent odds of and risks associated with bystanding. Children can have injury odds similar to adults in this environment; therefore, it is necessary to examine parental factors that may be associated with children's likelihood of bystanding in high-risk work environments. PMID: 19887139 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Williams QL, Alexander BH, Gerberich SG, Nachreiner NM, Church TR, Ryan A Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Hazard scenarios of truck drivers' occupational accidents on and around trucks during loading and unloading.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present study was to establish the hazard scenarios for truck drivers during loading/unloading through analyses of text descriptions of accident processes. Focus was on accidents that were primarily related to movement/operation on and around the truck, which are particular to truck drivers. Special emphasis was placed on falls from heights, as this was shown to be the most frequent type of accident and a major cause of fractures among truck drivers. Analyses of text descriptions of 136 accidents, including 63 cases of fall from height, collected in one company over a period of three years, revealed th...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Shibuya H, Cleal B, Kines P Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The association between opioid analgesics and unsafe driving actions preceding fatal crashes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Currently, most epidemiological research into the impact of opioid analgesics on road safety has focused on the association between opioid use and traffic crash occurrence. Yet, the role of opioid analgesics on crash responsibility is still not properly understood. Therefore, we examined the impact of opioid analgesics on drivers (all had a confirmed BAC=0) involved in fatal crashes (1993-2006) using a case-control design based on data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Cases had one or more crash-related unsafe driving actions (UDA) recorded; controls had none. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of any...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Dubois S, Bédard M, Weaver B Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Comparison of empirical Bayes and full Bayes approaches for before-after road safety evaluations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The empirical Bayes (EB) approach has now gained wide acceptance among researchers as the much preferred one for the before-after evaluation of road safety treatments. In this approach, the before period crash experience at treated sites is used in conjunction with a crash prediction model for untreated reference sites to estimate the expected number of crashes that would have occurred without treatment. This estimate is compared to the count of crashes observed after treatment to evaluate the effect of the treatment. This procedure accounts for regression-to-the-mean effects that result from the natural tendency to se...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Persaud B, Lan B, Lyon C, Bhim R Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Britain's most hazardous occupation: Commercial fishing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study shows that commercial fishing is by far the most hazardous occupation in Britain. Prevention of fatal accidents should focus on increased use of personal flotation devices, reductions in lone fishing and the use of unstable, unseaworthy and badly maintained fishing vessels. PMID: 19887143 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Roberts SE Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Injury patterns in frontal crashes: The association between knee-thigh-hip (KTH) and serious intra-abdominal injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Safety belts protect occupants in frontal impacts by reducing occupant deceleration and preventing the occupant from hitting interior vehicle components likely to cause injury. However, occupants moving forward during the impact may contact the safety belt webbing across their chest and abdomen. We hypothesized that if the occupant loaded their knee-thigh-hip (KTH) region with enough force to result in injury to this region-it might prevent compression (and injury) of their abdomen by the safety belt. Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) data were used to test the association between KTH and intra-abdo...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Lee J, Conroy C, Coimbra R, Tominaga GT, Hoyt DB Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Comparison of the whiplash injury criteria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the whiplash injury criteria (IV-NIC, NIC, Nkm, Nij, and NDC) during simulated rear impacts of a new Human Model of the Neck (HUMON) with and without an active head restraint (AHR). HUMON consisted of a neck specimen mounted to the torso of BioRID II and carrying an anthropometric head stabilized with muscle force replication. HUMON was seated and secured in a Kia Sedona seat with AHR on a sled. Rear impacts (7.1 and 11.1g) were simulated with the AHR in five different positions followed by an impact with no HR. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) were determined ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Ivancic PC, Sha D Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Using hierarchical tree-based regression model to predict train-vehicle crashes at passive highway-rail grade crossings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, HTBR models are developed to predict train-vehicle crash frequencies for passive grade crossings controlled by crossbucks only and crossbucks combined with stop signs respectively, and assess how the crash frequencies change after the stop-sign treatment is applied at the crossbuck-only-controlled crossings. The study results indicate that stop-sign treatment is an effective engineering countermeasure to improve safety at the passive grade crossings. Decision makers and traffic engineers can use the HTBR models to examine train-vehicle crash frequency at passive crossings and assess the potential effectivene...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Yan X, Richards S, Su X Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Development of the BACKIE questionnaire: A measure of children's behaviors, attitudes, cognitions, knowledge, and injury experiences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Having a psychometrically sound measure that allows one to assess attitudes, cognitions, and knowledge is an essential first step to exploring the relative influence of these factors on children's risk and safety practices. PMID: 19887147 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Morrongiello BA, Cusimano M, Barton BK, Orr E, Chipman M, Tyberg J, Kulkarini A, Khanlou N, Masi R, Bekele T Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Modeling signalized intersection safety with corridor-level spatial correlations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intersections in close spatial proximity along a corridor should be considered as correlated due to interacted traffic flows as well as similar road design and environmental characteristics. It is critical to incorporate this spatial correlation for assessing the true safety impacts of risk factors. In this paper, several Bayesian models were developed to model the crash data from 170 signalized intersections in the state of Florida. The safety impacts of risk factors such as geometric design features, traffic control, and traffic flow characteristics were evaluated. The Poisson and Negative Binomial Bayesian models wi...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Guo F, Wang X, Abdel-Aty MA Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Transmission and control of an emerging influenza pandemic in a small-world airline network.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study also investigated how the small-world properties of an air transportation network facilitate the spread of influenza around the globe. The results show that, as soon as the influenza is spread to the top 50 global airports, the transmission is greatly accelerated. Under the constraint of limited resources, a strategy that first applies control measures to the top 50 airports after day 13 and then soon afterwards to all other airports may result in remarkable containment effectiveness. As the infectiousness of the disease increases, it will expand the scale of the pandemic, and move the start time of the pandemic...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Hsu CI, Shih HH Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Classification analysis of driver's stop/go decision and red-light running violation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study illustrates that the tree models are helpful to recognize and predict how drivers make stop/go decisions and partake in red-light running violations corresponding to the traffic parameters. PMID: 19887150 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Elmitiny N, Yan X, Radwan E, Russo C, Nashar D Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Accessory child safety harnesses: Do the risks outweigh the benefits?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used laboratory simulated frontal crash tests to examine the performance of accessory child safety harness systems compared to the lap-shoulder belt when used alone and when used with two common designs of Australian booster seat. The performance of the child safety harness system when misused was also investigated. The results demonstrate that the correctly used child safety harness system performed no better than the lap-shoulder system, and in fact allows for a greater risk of submarining. Furthermore, one common form of child safety harness misuse, where the harness is over-tightened causing the lap belt to ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Brown J, Wainohu D, Aquilina P, Suratno B, Kelly P, Bilston LE Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Zero-state Markov switching count-data models: An empirical assessment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a two-state Markov switching count-data model is proposed as an alternative to zero-inflated models to account for the preponderance of zeros sometimes observed in transportation count data, such as the number of accidents occurring on a roadway segment over some period of time. For this accident-frequency case, zero-inflated models assume the existence of two states: one of the states is a zero-accident count state, which has accident probabilities that are so low that they cannot be statistically distinguished from zero, and the other state is a normal-count state, in which counts can be non-negative integ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Malyshkina NV, Mannering FL Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Empirical assessment of the impact of highway design exceptions on the frequency and severity of vehicle accidents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Compliance to standardized highway design criteria is considered essential to ensure roadway safety. However, for a variety of reasons, situations arise where exceptions to standard-design criteria are requested and accepted after review. This research explores the impact that such design exceptions have on the frequency and severity of highway accidents in Indiana. Data on accidents at carefully selected roadway sites with and without design exceptions are used to estimate appropriate statistical models of the frequency and severity of accidents at these sites using recent statistical advances with mixing distribution...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Malyshkina NV, Mannering FL Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Experimental evaluation of underride analysis techniques and empirical validation of a new analytical technique.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a series of two-vehicle impact tests between a small pickup (bullet vehicle) and a large dump truck (target vehicle) were performed and studied. These tests involved a severe underride configuration in which the dump truck bed's vertical alignment was above the base of the windshield of the pickup. Coupled with these impacting surfaces was a single vertical support, a remnant of a commonly referred to ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) bumper, which caused a narrow object-type impact, but did not extend down to the pickup's bumper. Multiple prior authors' analytical and empirical relationships to predict i...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Boggess BM, Morr DR, Peterman EK, Wiechel JF Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Injury risk curves for the skeletal knee-thigh-hip complex for knee-impact loading.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Injury risk curves for the skeletal knee-thigh-hip (KTH) relate peak force applied to the anterior aspect of the flexed knee, the primary source of KTH injury in frontal motor-vehicle crashes, to the probability of skeletal KTH injury. Previous KTH injury risk curves have been developed from analyses of peak knee-impact force data from studies where knees of whole cadavers were impacted. However, these risk curves either neglect the effects of occupant gender, stature, and mass on KTH fracture force, or account for them using scaling factors derived from dimensional analysis without empirical support. A large amount of...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Rupp JD, Flannagan CA, Kuppa SM Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The effect of cycle lanes on the proximity between motor traffic and cycle traffic.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An experiment collected proximity data of motor traffic overtaking cycle traffic on roads with and without cycle lanes using an instrumented bicycle. The work enhances previous research which has considered the riding position of the cyclist and whether or not the cyclist was helmeted, while controlling for vehicle type. The analysis shows that significantly wider passing distances are adopted by motorists in the condition without a 1.45 m cycle lane, with posted speed limits of 40 mph and 50 mph with a 9.5m wide carriageway. These findings were not replicated for a similar width road with a posted speed limit of 30 mp...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Parkin J, Meyers C Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The impact of perceptual treatments on lateral control: A study using fixed-base and motion-base driving simulators.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research was carried out as part of the French national multidisciplinary research project, PREDIT-SARI. Using a driving simulator, it aimed to test the effectiveness of road treatments intended to inform drivers about the risk of losing control on rural roads with "crest vertical curves" (Landis et al., 2004). [Rosey, F., Auberlet, J.M., Bertrand, J., Plainchault, P., 2008. Impact of perceptual treatments on lateral control during driving on crest vertical curves: a driving simulator study. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40, 1515-1523, Scopus.] used a fixed-base driving simulator to test four perceptual treatments intended t...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Auberlet JM, Pacaux MP, Anceaux F, Plainchault P, Rosey F Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Work stress and driving anger in Japan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the relationship between work stress arising from effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) and driving anger in a community sample of workers in Nagoya, a mid-sized city in Japan. We hypothesised that ERI would exert a positive effect on driving anger via its influence on trait anger. The study also pioneered the use of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) in a non-western country and explored cultural differences in the experience of anger on the road. A random sample of 215 (N = 138, 64% females; N = 77, 36% males) full-time Japanese workers was obtained through random selection of one participant per household...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: McLinton SS, Dollard MF Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Collision avoidance timing analysis of DSRC-based vehicles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) has been used in prototyped vehicles to test vehicle-to-vehicle communication for collision avoidance. However, there is little study on how collision avoidance software should behave to best mitigate accident collisions. In this paper, we analyse the timing of events and how they influence software-based collision avoidance strategies. We have found that the warning strategies for collision avoidance are constrained by the timing of events such as DSRC communication latency, detection range, road condition, driver reaction and deceleration rate. With these events, we define t...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Tang A, Yip A Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The visual search patterns and hazard responses of experienced and inexperienced motorcycle riders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, an open-loop motorcycle simulator was used to examine the effects of motorcycle riding and car driving experience on hazard perception and visual scanning patterns. Three groups of participants were tested: experienced motorcycle riders who were experienced drivers (EM-ED), inexperienced riders/experienced drivers (IM-ED), and inexperienced riders/inexperienced drivers (IM-ID). Participants were asked to search for hazards in simulated scenarios, and click a response button when a hazard was identified. The results revealed a significant monotonic decrease in hazard response times as experience increased fro...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Hosking SG, Liu CC, Bayly M Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Applying Bayesian hierarchical models to examine motorcycle crashes at signalized intersections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study is to identify causal factors affecting the motorcycle crashes at both four-legged and T signalized intersections. Treating the data in time-series cross-section panels, this study explores different Hierarchical Poisson models and found that the model allowing autoregressive lag-1 dependence specification in the error term is the most suitable. Results show that the number of lanes at the four-legged signalized intersections significantly increases motorcycle crashes largely because of the higher exposure resulting from higher motorcycle accumulation at the stop line. Furthermore, the presence ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Haque MM, Chin HC, Huang H Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Rainfall effect on single-vehicle crash severities using polychotomous response models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the backward sequential logistic regression model produced the best results for predicting crash severities in rainy weather where rainfall intensity, wind speed, roadway terrain, driver's gender, and safety belt were found to be statistically significant. Our study also found that the seasonal factor was significant in clear weather. The seasonal factor is a predictor suggesting that inclement weather may affect crash severity. These findings can be used to determine the probabilities of single vehicle crash severity in rainy weather and provide quantitative support on improving road weather safety via weat...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Jung S, Qin X, Noyce DA Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Reliability of drivers in urban intersections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The concept of human reliability has been widely used in industrial settings by human factors experts to optimise the person-task fit. Reliability is estimated by the probability that a task will successfully be completed by personnel in a given stage of system operation. Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) is a technique used to calculate human error probabilities as the ratio of errors committed to the number of opportunities for that error. To transfer this notion to the measurement of car driver reliability the following components are necessary: a taxonomy of driving tasks, a definition of correct behaviour in each o...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Gstalter H, Fastenmeier W Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Do drivers become less risk-prone after answering a questionnaire on risky driving behaviour?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two studies showed that answering a questionnaire regarding self-reported risky driving behaviour and attitudes led to a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in self-reported risky driving behaviour at a follow-up some five weeks after answering the first questionnaire. In Study I participants (193 men, 18-20 years old) also reported more concern about hurting others, increased subjective probability of accidents, but less thinking about injuries at follow-up. In Study 2 (149 men, 18-19 years old) effects on attitudes at follow-up were not tested. The results are discussed in terms of the question-behaviour effect, that...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Falk B Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The stability of long-term trends in the number of traffic fatalities in a sample of highly motorised countries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper examines the stability of long-term trends in the number of traffic fatalities in eight highly motorised countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Great Britain, Australia and The United States. In all these countries, the number of traffic fatalities reached a peak around 1970-1972 and has since declined. The decline has, however, been irregular and fairly long periods of stagnation or even increase in the number of fatalities have occurred in all countries. A stable trend is defined in this paper as a trend that remains unchanged and therefore can be used to successfully predict the fut...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Elvik R Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The use of electronic pharmacy data to investigate prescribed medications and fatal motor vehicle crashes in a military population, 2002-2006.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined the association between prescribed medications and fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in an active duty military population between 2002 and 2006. Using a case-control design, MVC deaths were ascertained using a military mortality registry, and an integrated health system database provided information on health system eligibility, pharmacy transactions, and medical encounters. Cases and controls were matched on comparable observation time outside periods of deployment. Among selected categories, only one, antidepressant medications, was an independent predictor of fatal MVC (odds ratio, 3.19; 95% c...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Hooper TI, DeBakey SF, Pearse L, Pratt S, Hoffman KJ Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with traffic violations for male frequent car drivers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure. A lower digit ratio has been suggested as an index of higher testosterone relative to estrogen exposure during prenatal development. Digit ratio has been associated with a variety of psychological sex-dimorphic variables, including spatial orientation, aggression, or risk-taking behavior. The present study aimed to relate digit ratio to traffic violations for a male sample (N = 77) of frequent car drivers. Digit ratio was assessed via printout scans of the hand, and traffic offense behavior was assessed via self-reported penalty points as registered...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Schwerdtfeger A, Heims R, Heer J Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Determinants behind young motorcyclists' risky riding behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study adopts structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 683 young motorcyclists aged between 18 and 28. The results conclude three primary personality traits of young motorcyclists, namely sensation seeking, amiability and impatience. While amiable riders represent a group of relatively mature and safe riders, the sensation-seeking riders are extremely self-confident, comfortable with unsafe riding and interested in the utility gained from it. Meanwhile, the sensation-seeking ones also are highly aware of traffic conditions, which may lower the chances of getting into an accident, but the accident cou...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Wong JT, Chung YS, Huang SH Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Development of an accident duration prediction model on the Korean Freeway Systems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since duration prediction is one of the most important steps in an accident management process, there have been several approaches developed for modeling accident duration. This paper presents a model for the purpose of accident duration prediction based on accurately recorded and large accident dataset from the Korean Freeway Systems. To develop the duration prediction model, this study utilizes the log-logistic accelerated failure time (AFT) metric model and a 2-year accident duration dataset from 2006 to 2007. Specifically, the 2006 dataset is utilized to develop the prediction model and then, the 2007 dataset was e...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Chung Y Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Relative injury severity among vulnerable non-motorised road users: Comparative analysis of injury arising from bicycle-motor vehicle and bicycle-pedestrian collisions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
With the expansion of bicycle usage and limited funding and/or space for segregated pedestrian and bicycle paths, there is a need for traffic, road design and local government engineers to decide if it is more appropriate for space to be shared between either cyclists and pedestrians, or between cars and cyclists, and what restrictions need to be applied in such circumstances. To provide knowledge to aid engineers and policy makers in making these decisions, this study explored death and morbidity data for the state of New South Wales, Australia to examine rates and severity of injury arising from collisions between pe...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Chong S, Poulos R, Olivier J, Watson WL, Grzebieta R Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The association of age, sex and helmet use with the risk of death for occupants of two-wheeled motor vehicles involved in traffic crashes in Spain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The direction and magnitude of the association between age, sex and helmet use and the risk of death of an occupant of a TWMV involved in a crash changed depending on which component of risk was considered: crash severity or occupant resilience. Specifically, female sex and non-helmet use seemed to be associated with crashes of lower severity, but together with increased age they were also related with lower resilience to the energy released in the crash, and therefore with a higher risk of death after adjustment for crash severity. This should be taken into account when assessing the association of individual...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Donate-López C, Espigares-Rodríguez E, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Luna-del-Castillo Jde D, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Lardelli-Claret P Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Are biomarkers of chronic alcohol misuse useful in the assessment of DWI recidivism status?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that biomarkers of chronic patterns of heavy drinking may not be adequate to capture the multiple processes that appear to promote recidivism (e.g., binge drinking, other risky behavioural and personality features). Despite their objectivity, caution is warranted in the interpretation of a positive score on these biomarkers in DWI assessment. Longitudinal research is needed to more comprehensively explore the relationship between positive biomarkers in first-time offenders and their risk of becoming recidivists. PMID: 19887172 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Couture S, Brown TG, Tremblay J, Ng Ying Kin NM, Ouimet MC, Nadeau L Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Parental socioeconomic status and unintentional injury deaths in early childhood: Consideration of injury mechanisms, age at death, and gender.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the parental SES risk profiles of childhood injury deaths varied with the age and gender of the child, and with the injury mechanism. Therefore, reducing excess injury deaths during early childhood requires preventive efforts targeted at high-risk parents, and based on injury mechanism and on the gender and age of the child. PMID: 19887173 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Hong J, Lee B, Ha EH, Park H Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

An analysis of 6215 hospitalized unintentional injuries among children aged 0-14 in northwest China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to analyze the sorts and the external causes of hospitalized unintentional injuries among children aged 0-14 so as to learn the status of children's unintentional injuries in northwest China and then to give some references for the prevention. As many as 6215 abstracts of the discharged medical records of hospitalized children for unintentional injuries from 31 hospitals in northwest China from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2003 were analyzed, especially for the different external causes and sorts of injuries according to ages, genders and locations. We identified 2081 (33.5%) fractures, 127...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Xu Y, Shang L Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Reducing air-pollution: A new argument for getting drivers to abide by the speed limit?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We presented prevention messages that highlighted the role of speeding in increasing "crash-risk", "air-pollution", or both (Studies 1 and 2). The messages were also positively or negatively framed (Study 2). Given that women are more concerned with environmental issues than are men, we expected the following hypotheses to be validated for women. The message with the "air-pollution" argument was expected to be evaluated more positively than the "crash-risk" message (H1). The "air-pollution" and "crash-risk and air-pollution" messages were expected to be more effective than the "crash-risk" message on the behavioral intenti...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Delhomme P, Chappé J, Grenier K, Pinto M, Martha C Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Aggregate crash prediction models: Introducing crash generation concept.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this research study is to develop a series of aggregate crash prediction models (ACPM) that are consistent with the trip generation step of the conventional four-step demand models. The concept of crash generation models (CGMs) is introduced utilizing trip generation data in a generalized linear regression with the assumption of a negative binomial error structure. The relationship of crash frequencies in traffic analysis zones (TAZ) and number of trips generated by purpose is investigated. This translates into immediate checking of the impact of future trip generations on crash frequencies in comprehensiv...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 6, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Naderan A, Shahi J Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Accident modelling and prevention at ESREL 2006.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19819360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Guedes Soares C, Zio E Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

A systemic analysis of the Edge Hill railway accident.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Edge Hill railway accident occurred on Sunday 9 May 1999 in Liverpool, England. An Engineers' scrap train struck a plant quality supervisor. This paper presents the results of a systemic analysis of the accident. The methodology has been to compare the features of the Edge Hill accident with the structural organization (i.e. systems 1-5) of a Systemic Safety Management System (SSMS) model, which has been constructed by employing the concepts of systems. A number of systemic failures have come to light. The findings are related to causal factors of failure of systems 1-5 as well as missing channels of communication ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Santos-Reyes J, Beard AN Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Accident sequence analysis for sites producing and storing explosives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper presents a QRA-based approach for assessing and evaluating the safety of installations handling explosive substances. Comprehensive generic lists of immediate causes and initiating events of detonation and deflagration of explosive substances as well as safety measures preventing these explosions are developed. Initiating events and corresponding measures are grouped under the more general categories of explosion due to shock wave, explosion due to mechanical energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, and electromagnetic radiation. Generic accident sequences are developed using Event Trees. ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Papazoglou IA, Aneziris O, Konstandinidou M, Giakoumatos I Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Aviation safety and maintenance under major organizational changes, investigating non-existing accidents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this paper is to discuss the following questions: Do concurrent organizational changes have a direct impact on aviation maintenance and safety, if so, how can this be measured? These questions were part of the investigation carried out by the Accident Investigation Board, Norway (AIBN). The AIBN investigated whether Norwegian aviation safety had been affected due to major organizational changes between 2000 and 2004. The main concern was the reduction in safety margins and its consequences. This paper presents a summary of the techniques used and explains how they were applied in three airlines and by two ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Herrera IA, Nordskag AO, Myhre G, Halvorsen K Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Effect of DGPS failures on dynamic positioning of mobile drilling units in the North Sea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Basic features of differential global positioning system (DGPS), and its operational configuration on dynamically positioned (DP) mobile offshore drilling units in the North Sea are described. Generic failure modes of DGPS are discussed, and a critical DGPS failure which has the potential to cause drive-off for mobile drilling units is identified. It is the simultaneous erroneous position data from two DGPS's. Barrier method is used to analyze this critical DGPS failure. Barrier elements to prevent this failure are identified. Deficiencies of each barrier element are revealed based on the incidents and operational expe...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Chen H, Moan T, Verhoeven H Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Combining task analysis and fault tree analysis for accident and incident analysis: A case study from Bulgaria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Understanding the reasons for incident and accident occurrence is important for an organization's safety. Different methods have been developed to achieve this goal. To better understand the human behaviour in incident occurrence we propose an analysis concept that combines Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Task Analysis (TA). The former method identifies the root causes of an accident/incident, while the latter analyses the way people perform the tasks in their work environment and how they interact with machines or colleagues. These methods were complemented with the use of the Human Error Identification in System Tools ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Doytchev DE, Szwillus G Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Identification and classification of dynamic event tree scenarios via possibilistic clustering: Application to a steam generator tube rupture event.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper illustrates a method to identify and classify scenarios generated in a dynamic event tree (DET) analysis. Identification and classification are carried out by means of an evolutionary possibilistic fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm which takes into account not only the final system states but also the timing of the events and the process evolution. An application is considered with regards to the scenarios generated following a steam generator tube rupture in a nuclear power plant. The scenarios are generated by the accident dynamic simulator (ADS), coupled to a RELAP code that simulates the thermo-hydrauli...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Mercurio D, Podofillini L, Zio E, Dang VN Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Cross-analysis of hazmat road accidents using multiple databases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Road selection for hazardous materials transportation relies heavily on risk analysis. With risk being generally expressed as a product of the probability of occurrence and the expected consequence, one will understand that risk analysis is data intensive. However, various authors have noticed the lack of statistical reliability of hazmat accident databases due to the systematic underreporting of such events. Also, official accident databases alone are not always providing all the information required (economical impact, road conditions, etc.). In this paper, we attempt to integrate many data sources to analyze hazmat ...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Trépanier M, Leroux MH, de Marcellis-Warin N Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

Preliminary study on the transport of hazardous materials through tunnels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The risk associated to road and rail transportation of some hazardous materials along two routes, one including a significant portion in tunnels, and the other following the same path, but running completely in the open, is assessed. The results show that, for rail transport, no particular risk increase or mitigation is associated to the circulation of the dangerous goods through tunnels; on the contrary, for road transport, a risk increase is generally observed in the presence of tunnels. However, for LPG, the risk curve in the open lies above that in tunnels in the high frequency-low fatality zone, according to the d...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Bubbico R, Di Cave S, Mazzarotta B, Silvetti B Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The assessment of the damage probability of storage tanks in domino events triggered by fire.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An approach aimed to the quantitative assessment of the risk caused by escalation scenarios triggered by fire was developed. Simplified models for the estimation of the vessel time to failure (ttf) with respect to the radiation intensity on the vessel shell were obtained using a multi-level approach to the analysis of vessel wall failure under different fire conditions. Each vessel "time to failure" calculated by this approach for the specific fire scenario of concern was compared to a reference time required for effective mitigation actions and related to the escalation probability. The failure probability of each ves...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Landucci G, Gubinelli G, Antonioni G, Cozzani V Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals

The development of an inherent safety approach to the prevention of domino accidents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The severity of industrial accidents in which a domino effect takes place is well known in the chemical and process industry. The application of an inherent safety approach for the prevention of escalation events leading to domino accidents was explored in the present study. Reference primary scenarios were analyzed and escalation vectors were defined. Inherent safety distances were defined and proposed as a metric to express the intensity of the escalation vectors. Simple rules of thumb were presented for a preliminary screening of these distances. Swift reference indices for layout screening with respect to escalatio...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - October 13, 2009 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Cozzani V, Tugnoli A, Salzano E Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: journals