Sex ‐dependent differences in ethanol inhibition of mouse lateral orbitofrontal cortex neurons
In this study, we show that OFC neurons from female mice are less sensitive to ethanol as compared to males and display a reduced rebound in excitability during withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure. AbstractBiological differences between males and females likely influence responses to alcohol and the propensity to engage in excessive drinking. In both humans and rodents, females escalate alcohol use and develop addiction ‐like behaviors faster than males, while males exhibit more severe withdrawal symptoms during abstinence. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet known but may reflect fundamental dif...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 23, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sudarat Nimitvilai, Marcelo F. Lopez, John J. Woodward Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Shifts in the functional topography of frontal cortex ‐striatum connectivity in alcohol use disorder
We developed a novel fMRI analysis approach for assessing peak connectivity shifts along frontostriatal connectivity gradients. In patients with alcohol ‐use disorder, the right orbitofrontal cortex (rOFC) showed a connectivity shift towards ventral striatal regions and reduced variability, suggesting a “clamping” of the rOFC to the ventral striatum. Striatal peak connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus, the medial frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the right inferior frontal gyrus was found to be associated with clinical self‐report questionnaires. AbstractFrontostriatal circuits are centrally invo...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 23, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Martin Fungisai Gerchen, Alena Rentsch, Martina Kirsch, Falk Kiefer, Peter Kirsch Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

PI3K activation within ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulates the expression of drug ‐seeking in two rodent species
A history of behaviorally contingent or noncontingent cocaine experience increased indices of PI3K activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Neuropharmacological inhibition of vmPFC PI3K activity reversed a cocaine ‐conditioned place‐preference in mice and blocked incubated cocaine‐seeking in rats. AbstractPhosphatidylinositide 3 ‐kinases (PI3Ks) are intracellular signal transducer enzymes that recruit protein kinase B (aka Akt) to the cell membrane, the subsequent activation of which regulates many cellular functions. PI3K/Akt activity is up‐regulated within mesocorticolimbic structures in anim...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 18, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Karen K. Szumlinski, Alexis W. Ary, Christina B. Shin, Melissa G. Wroten, Justin Courson, Bailey W. Miller, Micaela Ruppert ‐Majer, John W. Hiller, John R. Shahin, Osnat Ben‐Shahar, Tod E. Kippin Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ethanol ‐induced alterations in endocannabinoids and relevant neurotransmitters in the nucleus accumbens of fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout mice
Extracellular endocannabinoids and neurotransmitters were measured by in vivo microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout (FAAH KO) and wild ‐type (WT) mice during an ethanol challenge in EtOH‐naive and repeated (r) EtOH–treated mice. EtOH challenge caused a sustained increase in 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) levels in EtOH‐naive WT mice but not in FAAH KO mice. In contrast, 2‐AG levels were decreased following EtOH challen ge in (r)EtOH‐treated mice in both genotypes. AbstractDeletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), enzyme responsible for degrading endocannabin...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Francisco J. Pav ón, Antonia Serrano, David G. Stouffer, Ilham Polis, Marisa Roberto, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Rémi Martin‐Fardon, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Loren H. Parsons Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study
A dual probe microdialysis study was designed to characterize GABA and dopamine (DA) release in the basal ganglia of cannabinoid ‐dependent Wistar rats. Whereas chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212 (WIN) resulted in increased basal GABA release, the D2 agonist receptor‐mediated control of GABA and DA release elicited by quinpirole was similar in both cannabinoid‐dependent and non dependen t animals. However, quinpirole did induce a greater number of more stereotypies in cannabinoid‐dependent animals, indicating a dysregulated behavioral response. AbstractDisruption of motor behavior ...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Margarita Moreno, Juan Decara, Francisco Javier Pavon, David G. Stouffer, Scott Edwards, Antonia Serrano, Juan Su árez, Loren H. Parsons, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Stress responding and stress ‐related changes in cue reactivity in heavy smokers, problem gamblers, and healthy controls
In conclusion, individuals with a substance and a behavioral addiction share common patterns of reactivity to stress. However, while the stressor enhanced cue‐related craving in smokers, it generally had the opposite effect on gamblers. Further research is necessary to elucidate the complicated patterns of similarities and differences that underlie substance and behavioral addict ions. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - November 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Stephanie E. Wemm, Zhimin Cao, Liqiao Han, Edelgard Wulfert Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

GABAB receptor positive allosteric modulators with different efficacies affect neuroadaptation to and self ‐administration of alcohol and cocaine
Conditioned rewarding effects of morphine were blunted, while those of the stimulants methamphetamine and mephedrone normal, in δ‐GABAA receptor knockout mice with deficient extrasynaptic tonic inhibition. Would selective antagonists of the extrasynaptic GABAA receptors decrease the development of opioid addiction? AbstractDrugs of abuse induce widespread synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons. Such drug ‐induced neuroadaptations may constitute an initial cellular mechanism eventually leading to compulsive drug‐seeking behavior. To evaluate the impact of GABAB receptors on addiction ‐related ...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Elena Miguel, Olga Vekovischeva, Katja Kuokkanen, Marja Vesajoki, Nelli Paasikoski, Janne Kaskinoro, Mikko Myllym äki, Mira Lainiola, Sanna K. Janhunen, Petri Hyytiä, Anni‐Maija Linden, Esa R. Korpi Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

ARC and BDNF expression after cocaine self ‐administration or cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in adolescent and adult male rats
Recreational drug use peaks during adolescence, but rats taking cocaine as adolescents have lower levels of cue ‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking than adults, possibly explained by greater brain plasticity. Activity‐regulated cytoskeletal‐associated gene (Arc) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA expression in prelimbic cortex was generally higher in rats that initiated intravenous cocaine self‐administration as adolescents, compared with adults, as measured with in situ hybridization at three time points: after cocaine self‐administration and after 1‐ or 60‐day forced abstinence from co...
Source: Addiction Biology - November 12, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Chen Li, Alexandria C. White, Terri Schochet, Jacqueline F. McGinty, Kyle J. Frantz Tags: SPECIAL ISSUE Source Type: research

Overexpression of ASIC1A in the nucleus accumbens of rats potentiates cocaine ‐seeking behavior
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - November 6, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Andrea L. Gutman, Caitlin V. Cosme, Maria F. Noterman, Wensday R. Worth, John A. Wemmie, Ryan T. LaLumiere Source Type: research

Varenicline and nabilone in tobacco and cannabis co ‐users: effects on tobacco abstinence, withdrawal and a laboratory model of cannabis relapse
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 31, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Evan S. Herrmann, Ziva D. Cooper, Gillinder Bedi, Divya Ramesh, Stephanie Collins Reed, Sandra D. Comer, Richard W. Foltin, Margaret Haney Source Type: research

Special issue honoring the legacy of Loren H. Parsons
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 31, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Marisa Roberto, Fernando Rodr íguez de Fonseca Source Type: research

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate ∆9‐THC dependence: Mouse and human studies
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 31, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Giulia Donvito, Pretal P. Muldoon, Kia J. Jackson, Urslan Ahmad, Nur T. Zaveri, J. Michael McIntosh, Xiangning Chen, Aron H. Lichtman, M. Imad Damaj Source Type: research

A dual ‐process exploration of binge drinking: Evidence through behavioral and electrophysiological findings
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 29, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: S éverine Lannoy, Valérie Dormal, Joël Billieux, Mélanie Brion, Fabien D'Hondt, Pierre Maurage Source Type: research

DRD2 methylation is associated with executive control network connectivity and severity of alcohol problems among a sample of polysubstance users
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 29, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarah L. Hagerty, Sophie L. YorkWilliams, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, Barbara J. Weiland, Amithrupa Sabbineni, Sara K. Blaine, Angela D. Bryan, Kent E. Hutchison Source Type: research

Ethanol consumption following mild traumatic brain injury is related to blood ‐brain barrier permeability
Addiction Biology, EarlyView. (Source: Addiction Biology)
Source: Addiction Biology - October 18, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Piotr Poznanski, Anna Lesniak, Michal Korostynski, Mariusz Sacharczuk Source Type: research