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Smoking prevalence, cigarette consumption and advice received from physicians: Change between 1996 and 2006 in Geneva, Switzerland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Over these 10years, smoking prevalence, nicotine dependence levels and the frequency of quit attempts remained stable, but smokers' motivation to quit increased. We observed a growing social gap in smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Smoking cessation advice was seldom received during medical visits. PMID: 19919891 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 31, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Etter JF Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Biological markers of problem drinking in homeless patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: The combined AI is a relatively efficient measure of current drinking in homeless populations. PMID: 19917520 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 30, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Thiesen H, Hesse M Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

The effect of chewing gum on self-reported nicotine withdrawal: Is it the flavor, the act of chewing, or both?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A healthy alternative that has been shown to lessen the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms during brief periods of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 3-4h) is confectionary chewing gum (Cohen and colleagues, 1997, 1999, & 2001). The current study sought to build upon this line of research by examining the impact of chewing gum on nicotine withdrawal severity over an extended period of nicotine abstinence (e.g., 24h) while also identifying the specific attributes of chewing gum that may be responsible for the reported decreases in withdrawal. Specifically, the acts of chewing, flavor, as well as the combination of the...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 23, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Cortez-Garland M, Cohen LM, Vanderveen JW, Cook K Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Decision-making and facial emotion recognition as predictors of substance-use initiation among adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, adolescents who initiate drug use present vulnerability in the form of bias towards negative emotion but not toward decisions that involve risk. PMID: 19914005 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 23, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ernst M, Luckenbaugh DA, Moolchan ET, Temple VA, Jenness J, Korelitz KE, London ED, Kimes AS Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Exploring the boundary between health protective and hazardous drinking in a community cohort.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study did not provide support for a definition of HED that could divide protective from hazardous alcohol consumption. PMID: 19910124 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Murray RP, Tyas SL, Snow W, Ekuma O, Bond R, Barnes GE Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

The motivational context for mandated alcohol interventions for college students by gender and family history.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: If motivational factors influence receptivity and response to mandated interventions, then these finding suggest that greater attention to enhancing motivation to change in male students is warranted. PMID: 19914002 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Carey KB, Demartini KS Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Web-based alcohol prevention for incoming college students: A randomized controlled trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the two most widely adopted EIs, AlcoholEdu and The Alcohol eCHECKUP TO GO (e-Chug), in reducing both alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in incoming college students. To do so, we conducted a 3-group randomized trial (N=82) comparing AlcoholEdu and e-Chug to an assessment-only control group. Compared to the assessment-only control group, participants in the AlcoholEdu and e-Chug groups reported lower levels of alcohol use across multiple measures at 1-month follow-up. Participants who received AlcoholEdu showed significantly fewer lower alcohol-r...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Hustad JT, Barnett NP, Borsari B, Jackson KM Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Cannabis use and delinquent behaviors in a non-clinical sample of adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of cannabis to the prediction of delinquent behaviors. Participants were 615 high-school students who completed self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that cannabis use was a significant independent predictor of delinquent behaviors after adjustment for alcohol use, psychopathological and socio-familial variables. Cannabis use was associated with greater numbers of delinquent behaviors among adolescents with higher scores on psychopathic traits or depressive symptoms. PMID: 19896278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sourc...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Chabrol H, Rodgers RF, Sobolewski G, van Leeuwen N Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Smoking cessation aids and strategies among former smokers in Canada.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that men and women use different approaches to quit smoking. Our findings provide new insight which could be used to target cessation programs to the individuals where they are most likely to be effective. PMID: 19896279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ismailov RM, Leatherdale ST Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV criteria for hallucinogen abuse and dependence in adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of hallucinogen abuse and dependence empirically do not reflect two discrete conditions in adolescents. Trends and problems related to hallucinogen use among girls and whites should be examined further to inform the designs of effective gender-appropriate and culturally sensitive prevention programs. PMID: 19896773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wu LT, Pan JJ, Yang C, Reeve BB, Blazer DG Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Underreporting of use of cocaine and marijuana during the third trimester of gestation among pregnant adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of the use of drugs during pregnancy is significant despite consistent evidence about the compromise of the neurobehavioral development of the newborns that are exposed to drugs during the prenatal period, drug use is frequently not reported. Therefore, more sensitive methods of detection should be used so that appropriate medical and psychosocial interventions can be implemented for the mothers as well as for their children. PMID: 19896774 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bessa MA, Mitsuhiro SS, Chalem E, Barros MM, Guinsburg R, Laranjeira R Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

College students' perceptions of class year-specific drinking norms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study documents and examines college students' perceptions of the drinking behavior of peers from varying class years (i.e., freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior). A sample of 522 college students estimated the drinking behavior of peers within their own specific class year, as well as across the three other class years. Participants in each class year overestimated the drinking of students in their own class year as well as the drinking of students in the three other class years. These within class year-specific perceived norms associated with drinking for freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. Poisson regr...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Pedersen ER, Neighbors C, Labrie JW Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Guilty until proven innocent: A qualitative study of the management of chronic non-cancer pain among patients with a history of substance abuse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DISCUSSION: Applying the chronic disease model to comorbid addiction and CNCP would ensure a health and social care system that makes it difficult to stigmatise patients experiencing these conditions and would facilitate the prescribing of opioid pain medication to patients who could benefit. PMID: 19897313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 22, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Baldacchino A, Gilchrist G, Fleming R, Bannister J Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Exploring productivity outcomes from a brief intervention for at-risk drinking in an employee assistance program.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brief intervention (BI) research has traditionally examined alcohol and drug use outcomes; however it is unknown whether BIs can also impact on-the-job productivity. This exploratory study examines changes in workplace productivity and related costs for clients receiving a BI for at-risk drinking in the employee assistance program (EAP). Participants were 44 clients attending the EAP for behavioral health concerns, screened for at-risk drinking, assigned to BI+Usual Care (n=25) or UC alone (n=19), and who completed 3-month follow-up. Absenteeism, presenteeism, and productivity costs were derived as outcomes. At follow-...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 20, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Osilla KC, Dela Cruz E, Miles JN, Zellmer S, Watkins K, Larimer ME, Marlatt GA Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Perceived parental reactions and peer respect as predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the importance of perceived parental reactions to, and peer respect for, cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Particular attention was given to the relative importance of these variables compared with the more widely examined influences of perceived parental and peer support. Our final models explained 44% of the variance in cigarette smoking and 46% in alcohol use. Most of the explained variance in both cigarette smoking and alcohol use was accounted for by only three variables: peer use, perceived parental reaction to use, and perceived respect from peers if using. Our findings indicate that perceived p...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 20, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kristjansson AL, Sigfusdottir ID, James JE, Allegrante JP, Helgason AR Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Modifiable risk factors of ecstasy use: Risk perception, current dependence, perceived control, and depression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to determine whether these four modifiable risk factors could predict ecstasy use after controlling for socio-demographic covariates and recent polydrug use. Data from 601 ecstasy users in the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded TriCity Study of Club Drug Use, Abuse and Dependence were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Participants were interviewed twice within a 2-week period using standardized instruments. Thirteen percent (n=80) of the participants reported using ecstasy between the two interviews. Low risk perception, high PBC-obtaining (an estimated ecstasy procurement time <24h)...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - October 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Leung KS, Ben Abdallah A, Copeland J, Cottler LB Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

The relationship between motivational structure, sense of control, intrinsic motivation and university students' alcohol consumption.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to determine how sense of control and intrinsic motivation are related to university students' motivational structure and alcohol consumption. Participants were 94 university students who completed the Personal Concerns Inventory, Shapiro Control Inventory, Helplessness Questionnaire, Intrinsic-Extrinsic Aspirations Scale, and Alcohol Use Questionnaire. Results showed that sense of control and intrinsic motivation were positively correlated with adaptive motivation and negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. Mediational analyses indicated that adaptive motivation fully mediated the rel...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 30, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Shamloo ZS, Cox WM Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Disparity between the perceived alcohol-related attitudes of parents and peers increases alcohol risk in college students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although peer norms have been found to be a particularly strong correlate of alcohol consumption by college students, research suggests that parents also have a significant impact on the behaviors of their children, even after their child has departed for college. The current study investigated the effect of disparity between the perceived approval of alcohol (injunctive norms) of parents and closest friends on college student drinking and consequences, and explored gender differences in this effect. It found that injunctive disparity was significantly correlated with individual drinking and related consequences over a...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 29, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Cail J, Labrie JW Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Gender, smoking status, and risk behavior attitudes explain adolescents' patterns of nicotine replacement therapy use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Treatment studies provide minimal support for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with youth; however, survey studies suggest that adolescents use NRT, and may engage in inappropriate use. The current study sought to examine patterns of NRT use and risk factors for use to further aid smoking cessation efforts including prevention of potential misuse. In-school surveys assessing socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with NRT use, gum or patch, were completed by 4078, predominantly African American, high school students. Approximately 5% of students reported former or current use of NRT products: 42% gum, 29...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 25, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Dalton WT, Klesges LM, Henderson L, Somes G, Robinson L, Johnson KC Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

A prospective study of persistence in the prediction of smoking cessation outcome: Results from a randomized clinical trial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research has had mixed success in identifying pretreatment variables which can be used to guide treatment and enhance outcome. A critical first step in the process is to identify variables that reliably predict outcome. Some recent studies, largely retrospective, have found mixed evidence on the relationship between task persistence and smoking outcome measures. In the present study, we use data from a randomized clinical trial (N=241) to prospectively investigate the ability of persistence to predict outcome. Findings from multivariate analyses did not support our hypotheses: persistence did not predict outcome. We di...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 21, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kalman D, Hoskinson R, Sambamoorthi U, Garvey AJ Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Correlates of smoking cessation self-efficacy in a community sample of smokers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, using a large community sample of smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation treatment program, evaluated potential associations between self-efficacy to quit smoking and demographic (e.g., age, race), smoking-related (e.g., rate, cessation history, past use of treatments), and psychosocial (e.g., stress, cue reactivity, self-medication smoking) variables. The results indicated that Hispanic-American smokers, relative to smokers of other racial/ethnic groups, report significantly lower self-efficacy to quit smoking when facing internal stimuli (e.g., feeling depressed), as do smokers who report that they have litt...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 18, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Martinez E, Tatum KL, Glass M, Bernath A, Ferris D, Reynolds P, Schnoll RA Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Heritability of cannabis initiation in Dutch adult twins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies exploring the heritability of cannabis initiation have been carried out in the United States, Australia and United Kingdom. In the present study we assess cannabis initiation in The Netherlands, where the use of cannabis in small amounts is permitted. The sample included 3115 twins with a mean age of 27.4years (SD 4.7) who are registered with the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). Individual differences in cannabis initiation showed moderate genetic influences (44%). The remaining variance was explained by environmental influences shared by twins (31%) and by unique environmental factors (24%). Compared ...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 11, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Vink JM, Wolters LM, Neale MC, Boomsma DI Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Sexual and injecting risk behaviours among regular ecstasy users.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Substance users may be at a heightened risk for the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne viral infections (BBVI) through injecting drug use or risky sexual behaviours. The current study aimed to investigate the engagement in BBVI-risk behaviours among a sentinel group of regular ecstasy users in Australia, with a particular focus on sexual practices and describe the occurrence of BBVI testing among this group. Participants were regular ecstasy users recruited across Australia in 2007 who were administered a structured interview that contained questions regarding substance use, sexual behaviours and occurrence of B...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 10, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Dunn M, Day C, Bruno R, Degenhardt L, Campbell G Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

A cognitive model for the intergenerational transference of alcohol use behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A family history of alcoholism has shown to be one of the greatest consistent risk factors in the intergenerational transference of alcohol problems. Whereas a large number of studies have attempted to identify the processes responsible for this interfamilial transfer, the mechanisms remain unclear. Family, twin and adoption studies, and environmental theories have resulted in a number of unanswered questions regarding the extent that these factors influence the transmission of alcohol behavior. Recently, cognitive theories have suggested that the observation of parental drinking habits contributes to the child's belie...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 10, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Campbell JM, Oei TP Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

PTSD contributes to teen and young adult cannabis use disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PTSD contributes to the etiology of CUD among teenagers making the transition to young adulthood beyond the effects of deviant peers, the TLI (Transmissible Liability Index, a measure of risk for SUD), and demographic factors. PMID: 19773127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 10, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Cornelius JR, Kirisci L, Reynolds M, Clark DB, Hayes J, Tarter R Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Childhood trauma and health outcomes in adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the prevalence of childhood traumatic events (CTEs) among adults with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) and mental health problems (MHPs) and assesses the relation between cumulative CTEs and adult health outcomes. Adults with SUDs/MHPs (N=402) were recruited from residential treatment programs and interviewed at treatment admission. Exposures to 9 types of adverse childhood experiences were summed and categorized into 6 ordinal levels of exposure. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence and range of exposure to CTEs in comparison with a sample from primary health care. Logis...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 10, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wu NS, Schairer LC, Dellor E, Grella C Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Drinking motives, drinking restraint and drinking behaviour among young adults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Motives to drink alcohol are widely thought to be the proximal cognitive factors involved in the decision to consume alcohol beverages. However it has also been argued that the ability to restrain drinking may be a more proximal predictor of drinking behaviour. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between drinking motives, drinking restraint and both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in a sample of young adults. A sample of 221 young adults (aged 17-34years) completed self-report measures assessing drinking behaviour, motives for drinking and drinking restraint. Multiple regression analys...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - September 10, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Lyvers M, Hasking P, Hani R, Rhodes M, Trew E Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

The high prevalence of substance use disorders among recent MDMA users compared with other drug users: Implications for intervention.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Seven out of ten recent MDMA users report experiencing an SUD in the past year. Adults who have recently used MDMA should be screened for possible SUDs to ensure early detection and treatment. PMID: 19361931 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Wu LT, Parrott AC, Ringwalt CL, Patkar AA, Mannelli P, Blazer DG Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Use of tobacco products among rural older adults: prevalence of ever use and cumulative lifetime use.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tobacco use is a well-documented contributor to morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. Information on the comprehensive use of tobacco products is lacking, particularly smokeless tobacco in its various forms. Data from 635 older (>/=60 years) African American, American Indian and White adults in rural North Carolina were analyzed to assess current and lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipe, snuff and chewing tobacco. Participants were classified as being current, former or never users of each product. Lifetime use of each product was determined by asking about typical intensity of use per day and length ...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bell RA, Arcury TA, Chen H, Anderson AM, Savoca MR, Kohrman T, Quandt SA Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Mental health and rape history in relation to non-medical use of prescription drugs in a national sample of women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examined prevalence and correlates of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), with particular emphasis on lifetime history of rape and PTSD as risk associates. Interviews conducted via telephone using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing technology, resulting in a nationally representative sample of 3001 non-institutionalized, civilian, English or Spanish speaking women (aged 18-86 years) residing in households with a telephone. Demographic characteristics, rape history, general health/mental health, and substance abuse variables were assessed. NMUPD was assessed by asking if, in the past y...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: McCauley JL, Amstadter AB, Danielson CK, Ruggiero KJ, Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Predictors of alcohol use prior to deployment in National Guard Soldiers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relative contribution of these factors in predicting drinking among National Guard soldiers prior to deployment to a combat zone. Members of a National Guard Brigade Combat Team (N=515) completed questionnaires assessing drinking behaviors in the past year (frequency, quantity, binge, and total drinking), as well as demographic, personality, and mental health variables. As a group, demographic and personality variables significantly predicted all drinking outcomes. Negative emotionality and disconstraint were independent predictors of all drinking variables. Younger age predicted higher quantity of ...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Ferrier-Auerbach AG, Kehle SM, Erbes CR, Arbisi PA, Thuras P, Polusny MA Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Brief screens for detecting alcohol use disorder among 18-20 year old young adults in emergency departments: Comparing AUDIT-C, CRAFFT, RAPS4-QF, FAST, RUFT-Cut, and DSM-IV 2-Item Scale.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Two items from the DSM-IV criteria for AUD performed best for identifying ED-treated older adolescents with alcohol use disorders. The FAST and AUDIT-C performed well, but are longer and more difficult to score in the hectic environment of the Emergency Department. PMID: 19398161 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Kelly TM, Donovan JE, Chung T, Bukstein OG, Cornelius JR Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Illicit use of pharmaceutical opioids among young polydrug users in Ohio.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study, conducted in Columbus, Ohio, identified the predictors of current (past 30 day) illicit use of pharmaceutical opioids among young individuals (n=402) with a history of MDMA/ecstasy use who were recruited in 2002-2003 using respondent-driven sampling. To be eligible, participants had to be 18-30 years old, not involved in a drug abuse treatment, and report MDMA/ecstasy use at least once in the past 6 months. About 81% reported lifetime, and more than 31% reported current illicit use of pharmaceutical opioids. Logistic regression analysis revealed that illicit use of pharmaceutical tranquilizers and pharmaceutica...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Daniulaityte R, Falck RS, Wang J, Carlson RG Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

A Quick Drinking Screen for identifying women at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two previous studies comparing the Quick Drinking Screen (QDS) with the Timeline Followback (TLFB) found that these two instruments yielded similar reports of alcohol use for clinical and nonclinical populations of problem drinkers. The current study evaluated the correspondence between these two drinking measures with women at risk of an Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy (AEP). Participants were 355 women who voluntarily participated in a research study during 2005 through 2007 designed to prevent AEPs. All women were screened by phone for eligibility using the QDS and approximately 2 weeks later completed a 3-month TLFB by m...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Dum M, Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Heinecke N, Voluse A, Johnson K Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Patterns of cortisol and craving by menstrual phase in women attempting to quit smoking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the relationship between craving and cortisol concentrations by menstrual phase during ad libitum smoking and investigates the impact of this relationship on time to relapse. Five assessments of cortisol concentrations and craving levels were collected the day before smoking cessation in female smokers (n=38) during either the follicular (n=21; F) or luteal (n=17; L) phase. Craving at wake-up was significantly greater in the F phase than the L phase (2.5+/-1.9 vs. 1.1+/-1.4; p=0.018; respectively). Decreased levels of morning cortisol concentrations and a greater decline from morning to the nadir level...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Allen AM, Allen SS, Widenmier J, Al'absi M Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Troubled parents, motivated adolescents: predicting motivation to change substance use among runaways.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, predictors of motivation for changing substance use were examined among 140 shelter-recruited adolescents and their parents/primary caretakers. Several findings were noteworthy. A perceived negative family environment increased parents' and adolescents' depressive symptoms, which increased adolescent's motivation to change. Also, greater severity of adolescent substance use predicted higher motivation to change. Consideration of the family environment and parent problems when addressing motivation for changing substance use among these adolescents might be important foci for motivational interventions and fu...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Slesnick N, Bartle-Haring S, Erdem G, Budde H, Letcher A, Bantchevska D, Patton R Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Depressive symptoms predict smoking status among pregnant women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study assessed self-reported psychopathology in women who spontaneously quit or continued smoking after learning that they are pregnant and examined whether any potential differences remained after control for confounding variables. All participants (77 smokers and 50 spontaneous quitters) completed 3 assessments of psychological functioning prior to enrollment in either smoking cessation or relapse prevention studies. Assessments included the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); and the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Smokers and spontaneous quitters differed on sociodemographic and...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Linares Scott TJ, Heil SH, Higgins ST, Badger GJ, Bernstein IM Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Multiple trajectories of peer and parental influence and their association with the development of adolescent heavy drinking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19423232 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Martino SC, Ellickson PL, McCaffrey DF Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Testing gender effects on the mechanisms explaining the association between post-traumatic stress symptoms and substance use frequency.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examines gender differences in the mechanisms that explain the association between PTSD symptoms and substance use frequency in a sample of 182 urban substance users. Specifically, the current study examined gender differences in the role of two potential explanatory variables, namely, difficulties controlling impulsive behavior when distressed (IMP), and a lack of emotional awareness and clarity (AW/CLAR). Multiple-group path modeling (across males and females) was used to examine gender differences in the path coefficients from PTSD symptoms to IMP and AW/CLAR, and from these latter variables to dru...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bornovalova MA, Ouimette P, Crawford AV, Levy R Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Smoking trajectories, health, and mortality across the adult lifespan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study extends research on the association between smoking behavior and chronic disease by following a cohort from the time of initiation of regular smoking patterns into old age and by examining the association of lifetime smoking trajectories with chronic disease and mortality. Participants consisted of 232 males selected from the Harvard classes of 1942-1944 and followed biennially through 2003. Five distinct smoking trajectories were identified based on the age at which participants quit daily smoking. Participants following smoking trajectories with later cessation had a higher likelihood of developing lung diseas...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Frosch ZA, Dierker LC, Rose JS, Waldinger RJ Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Does readiness to change predict subsequent alcohol consumption in medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We studied whether readiness to change predicts alcohol consumption (drinks per day) 3 months later in 267 medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use. We used 3 readiness to change measures: a 1 to 10 visual analog scale (VAS) and two factors of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale: Perception of Problems (PP) and Taking Action (TA). Subjects with the highest level of VAS-measured readiness consumed significantly fewer drinks 3 months later [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57 (0.36, 0.91) highest vs. lowest tertile]. Greater PP was associated with more drinking ...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bertholet N, Cheng DM, Palfai TP, Samet JH, Saitz R Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Psychometric properties of the Peer Proficiency Assessment (PEPA): a tool for evaluation of undergraduate peer counselors' motivational interviewing fidelity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite the expanding use of undergraduate student peer counseling interventions aimed at reducing college student drinking, few programs evaluate peer counselors' competency to conduct these interventions. The present research describes the development and psychometric assessments of the Peer Proficiency Assessment (PEPA), a new tool for examining Motivational Interviewing adherence in undergraduate student peer delivered interventions. Twenty peer delivered sessions were evaluated by master and undergraduate student coders using a cross-validation design to examine peer based alcohol intervention sessions. Assessment...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Mastroleo NR, Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Ray AE Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Initiation of alcohol use in early adolescence: links with exposure to community violence across time.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used a cross-lagged structural equation model to examine the prospective relationships between alcohol use initiation and witnessing community violence and victimization in early adolescence. A sample of 603 boys and girls provided two waves of data 16 months apart. After controlling for continuity in alcohol use and violence exposure, early initiation of alcohol use predicted later victimization in the community. Witnessing community violence increased and victimization decreased the risk of subsequent alcohol use. Prevention programs targeting early alcohol initiation may result in decreased victimization, whi...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Mrug S, Windle M Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Alcohol use and comorbid anxiety, traumatic stress, and hopelessness among Hispanics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study provides evidence of the need for further investigation of stress, trauma, anxiety, hopelessness, and alcohol abuse in Mexican American residents and to inform future prevention and treatment efforts to improve both the physical and mental health of this population. PMID: 19443127 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Blume AW, Resor MR, Villanueva MR, Braddy LD Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Randomized controlled trial of the ACTION smoking cessation curriculum in tobacco-growing communities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that ACTION has promise as a relatively effective adolescent cessation program, although the overall limited effectiveness of cessation programs for adolescents must be acknowledged. PMID: 19446402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Stein-Seroussi A, Stockton L, Brodish P, Meyer M Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Mono- and polysubstance dependent subjects differ on social factors, childhood trauma, personality, suicidal behaviour, and comorbid Axis I diagnoses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Polysubstance dependence is common among the groups studied and may be associated with certain socio-demographic, developmental, and personality factors. PMID: 19446962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Addictive Behaviors)
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Martinotti G, Carli V, Tedeschi D, Di Giannantonio M, Roy A, Janiri L, Sarchiapone M Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Gender differences in 16-year trends in assault- and police-related problems due to drinking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the frequency and predictors of physical assault and having trouble with the police due to drinking over 16 years among women and men who, at baseline, were untreated for their alcohol use disorder. Predictors examined were the personal characteristics of impulsivity, self-efficacy, and problem-solving and emotional-discharge coping, as well as outpatient treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation. Women and men were similar on rates of perpetrating assault due to drinking, but men were more likely to have had trouble with the police due to drinking. Respondents who, at baseline, were more im...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Timko C, Moos BS, Moos RH Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Gender and dating relationship status moderate the association between alcohol use and sex-related alcohol expectancies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Young adulthood can be a period where the development of intimacy and dating relationships coincide with alcohol experimentation. The current study was designed to examine how dating relationship status is associated with drinking behavior. Additionally, although the relationship between sex-related alcohol expectancies and drinking has been established, the current study extends this research by investigating how gender and dating relationship status moderate the association between these expectancies and drinking behavior. A sample of 1932 college students who were single and not actively dating, single and actively ...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Pedersen ER, Lee CM, Larimer ME, Neighbors C Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Are non-fatal opioid overdoses misclassified suicide attempts? Comparing the associated correlates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper aimed to determine whether non-fatal opioid overdose and suicide attempts are distinct behaviours by examining the histories of 1500 opioid-dependent individuals. This paper utilised data collected as part of a large retrospective case-control study. Unintentional non-fatal opioid overdoses were more common than suicide attempts (58% vs. 32%). Overall, the correlates associated with a history of attempted suicide only and non-fatal opioid overdose only were different. Drug-related risk behaviours (including high impulsivity, injection of opioids, sedative dependence) were associated with non-fatal opioid ove...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Maloney E, Degenhardt L, Darke S, Nelson EC Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals

Marijuana discontinuation, anxiety symptoms, and relapse to marijuana.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present investigation examined the role of anxiety symptoms immediately following substance abuse treatment in the relation between frequency of pre-treatment marijuana use and relapse to marijuana use at 12-months post-treatment among 1288 male patients who used marijuana within the 3 months prior to admission to treatment. Consistent with expectation, more frequent marijuana use at intake predicted more anxiety symptoms at discharge. Anxiety symptoms at discharge predicted relapse to marijuana use at 12-month follow-up, but did not mediate the relation between intake marijuana use and relapse. Results are discuss...
Source: Addictive Behaviors - June 27, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Bonn-Miller MO, Moos RH Tags: Addict Behav Source Type: journals