Advances in Biochemical Engineering BiotechnologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Traditional Chinese Biotechnology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The earliest industrial biotechnology originated in ancient China and developed into a vibrant industry in traditional Chinese liquor, rice wine, soy sauce, and vinegar. It is now a significant component of the Chinese economy valued annually at about 150 billion RMB. Although the production methods had existed and remained basically unchanged for centuries, modern developments in biotechnology and related fields in the last decades have greatly impacted on these industries and led to numerous technological innovations. In this chapter, the main biochemical processes and related technological innovations in traditional...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - November 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xu Y, Wang D, Fan WL, Mu XQ, Chen J Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Surface Acoustic Wave Atomizer and Electrostatic Deposition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new methodology for fabricating thin film or micro patters of organic/bio material using surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer and electrostatic deposition is proposed and characteristics of atomization techniques are discussed in terms of drop size and atomization speed. Various types of SAW atomizer are compared with electrospray and conventional ultrasonic atomizers. It has been proved that SAW atomizers generate drops as small as electrospray and have very fast atomization speed. This technique is applied to fabrication of micro patterns of proteins. According to the result of immunoassay, the specific activity of...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - October 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yamagata Y Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Sensors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
With recent advances in nanotechnology, development of nanomaterial bioconjugates is growing exponentially towards eventual translation into biomolecular recognition layers on surfaces. Label-free monitoring of biorecognition events is also key-technology and provides a promising platform, which is simple, cost-effective, and requires no external modification to biomolecules. In this review, we describe the application of nanomaterials, mainly metal nanoparticles, and -specific applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based label-free approaches. PMID: 19826778 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances i...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - October 13, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Saito M, Hiep HM, Nagatani N, Tamiya E Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development of the molecular biology of bacteriophage such as T4, lambda and filamentous phages was described and the process that the fundamental knowledge obtained in this field has subsequently led us to the technology of phage display was introduced. PMID: 19714316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - August 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Onodera K Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Environmental Biotechnology in China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Environmental biotechnology has emerged as an important measure to tackle the environmental pollution as China experiences great economic success. Over the past decade, much emphasis has been paid to the following fields in environmental biotechnology: microbial degradation of toxic and organic chemicals, bio-treatment of wastewater, waste recycling. The Chinese researchers have done a lot of work to understand the natural degradation processes for organic and toxic compounds and finally to clean these compounds from polluted environments. For the treatment of wastewater, many new processes were proposed and optimized ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - August 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu SJ, Liu L, Chaudhry MT, Wang L, Chen YG, Zhou Q, Liu H, Chen J Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Application of Fluorescent Sensor Molecules for Cellular Imaging.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cellular imaging has achieved many new biological findings, among them GFP and other fluorescent proteins and small molecule based fluorescent sensors have been widely used, especially in the last decade. The design concept and application of chemical sensors are described, these being FRET based sensors and Zn(2+) sensors.Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been used extensively as the designing principle for fluorescent sensor molecules. One of the most significant advantages of designing sensor molecules with FRET modulation is that it can enable ratiometric measurement in living cells, which reduces t...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - July 31, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kikuchi K Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Discovery and Utilization of Biocatalysts for Chiral Synthesis: An Overview of Chinese Scientists Research and Development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The importance of chiral issues in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been widely recognized not only by pharmacologists, but also by chemists, chemical engineers and administrators. In fact, the worldwide sales of single-enantiomer drugs have exceeded US $150 billion. Among them the contribution rate of biocatalysis technology is ever increasing (up to 15-20%). This chapter will focus on the biocatalytic synthesis of chiral compounds useful for pharmaceutical industry. Diverse enzymes, such as oxidoreductases, epoxide hydrolases, nitrilases/nitrile hydratases and hydroxy nitrile lyases which were isolated from vari...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - July 20, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yu HL, Xu JH, Lu WY, Lin GQ Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Hybrid and Disposable Facilities for Manufacturing of Biopharmaceuticals: Pros and Cons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Modern biotechnology has grown over the last 35 years to a maturing industry producing and delivering high-value biopharmaceuticals that yield important medical and economical benefits. The constantly increasing need for biopharmaceuticals and significant costs related to time-consuming R&D work makes this industry risky and highly competitive. This trend is confirmed by the important number of biopharmaceuticals that are actually under development at all stages by all major pharmaceutical industry companies. A consequence of this evolution is an increasing need for development and manufacturing capacity. The build...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - July 20, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ravisé A, Cameau E, De Abreu G, Pralong A Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Optical Inline Measurement Procedures for Counting and Sizing Cells in Bioprocess Technology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To observe and control cultivation processes, optical sensors are used increasingly. Important parameters for controlling such processes are cell count, cell size distribution, and the morphology of cells. Among turbidity measurement methods, imaging procedures are applied for determining these process parameters. A disadvantage of most previously developed imaging procedures is that they are only available offline which requires sampling. On the other hand, available imaging inline probes can so far only deliver a limited number of process parameters. This chapter presents new optical procedures for the inline determi...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - July 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Rudolph G, Lindner P, Bluma A, Joeris K, Martinez G, Hitzmann B, Scheper T Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Droplet Handling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When quantitative analysis or quantitative chemical synthesis is performed using a micrototal analysis system (microTAS), the technologies for precise metering, transporting, and mixing of droplets are required. In this chapter, several technologies for the handling of droplets are described. For metering, dispensing and transporting of droplets, pneumatic and electrokinetic forces are used. Separation of cells and particles is also performed by electrical operation. Other handling technique, such as ultrasonic or centrifugal force applications, are also reviewed. Robotic synthesis devices or high throughput screening ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 22, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Torii T Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Whole-Cell Bioreporters for the Detection of Bioavailable Metals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Whole-cell bioreporters are living microorganisms that produce a specific, quantifiable output in response to target chemicals. Typically, whole-cell bioreporters combine a sensor element for the substance of interest and a reporter element coding for an easily detectable protein. The sensor element is responsible for recognizing the presence of an analyte. In the case of metal bioreporters, the sensor element consists of a DNA promoter region for a metal-binding transcription factor fused to a promoterless reporter gene that encodes a signal-producing protein.In this review, we provide an overview of specific whole-ce...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hynninen A, Virta M Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Cell-Based Genotoxicity Testing : Genetically Modified and Genetically Engineered Bacteria in Environmental Genotoxicology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Genotoxicity test systems that are based on bacteria display an important role in the detection and assessment of DNA damaging chemicals. They belong to the basic line of test systems due to their easy realization, rapidness, broad applicability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Since the development of the Salmonella microsomal mutagenicity assay by Ames and coworkers in the early 1970s, significant development in bacterial genotoxicity assays was achieved and is still a subject matter of research. The basic principle of the mutagenicity assay is a reversion of a growth inhibited bacterial strain, e.g., due ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Reifferscheid G, Buchinger S Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Monitoring Mammalian Cell Cultivations for Monoclonal Antibody Production Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a process monitoring and process supervision technique is reviewed in the context of biomanufacturing.An industrial pilot-plant mammalian cell cultivation process has been chosen to illustrate the use of on-line in-situ NIR monitoring by means of an immersion transflectance NIR probe.NIR calibration development must be performed carefully and should incorporate a number of steps to obtain a properly validated model which exhibits long-term robustness and is independent of process scale. A description of such good modelling practises is given. In general, NIR can be as accurate as the...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Henriques JG, Buziol S, Stocker E, Voogd A, Menezes JC Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

On-Chip Detection of Cellular Activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The use of on-chip cellular activity monitoring for biological/chemical sensing is promising for environmental, medical and pharmaceutical applications. The miniaturization revolution in microelectronics is harnessed to provide on-chip detection of cellular activity, opening new horizons for miniature, fast, low cost and portable screening and monitoring devices. In this chapter we survey different on-chip cellular activity detection technologies based on electrochemical, bio-impedance and optical detection. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-on-chip technologies are mentioned and reviewed. PMID: 19543705 [PubMed...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Almog R, Daniel R, Vernick S, Ron A, Ben-Yoav H, Shacham-Diamand Y Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration by Cell Therapy and Myocardial Tissue Engineering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Congestive heart failure, which often occurs progressively following a myocardial infarction, is characterized by impaired myocardial perfusion, ventricular dilatation, and cardiac dysfunction. Novel treatments are required to reverse these effects - especially in older patients whose endogenous regenerative responses to currently available therapies are limited by age. This review explores the current state of research for two related approaches to cardiac regeneration: cell therapy and tissue engineering. First, to evaluate cell therapy, we review the effectiveness of various cell types for their ability to limit ven...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 18, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wu J, Zeng F, Weisel RD, Li RK Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Optical Instrumentation for Bioprocess Monitoring.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this chapter the optical sensors for oxygen, pH, carbondioxide and optical density (OD) which are essential for bioprocess monitoring are introduced, their measurement principles are explained and their realization and applications are shown. In addition sensors for ethanol and GFP are presented. With the exception of the optical density sensor all others employ certain fluorophores that are sensitive to the designated parameter. These fluorophores along with their optical properties, the sensing mechanisms and their mathematical formulations are described. An important part of this chapter covers the development of...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 15, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lam H, Kostov Y Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Disposable Bioreactors: Maturation into Pharmaceutical Glycoprotein Manufacturing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Modern biopharmaceutical development is characterised by deep understanding of the structure activity relationship of biological drugs. Therefore, the production process has to be tailored more to the product requirements than to the existing equipment in a certain facility. In addition, the major challenges for the industry are to lower the high production costs of biologics and to shorten the overall development time. The flexibility for providing different modes of operation using disposable bioreactors in the same facility can fulfil these demands and support tailor-made processes.Over the last 10 years, a huge and...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 11, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Brecht R Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Large Scale Production of Stem Cells and Their Derivatives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stem cells have been envisioned to become an unlimited cell source for regenerative medicine. Notably, the interest in stem cells lies beyond direct therapeutic applications. They might also provide a previously unavailable source of valuable human cell types for screening platforms, which might facilitate the development of more efficient and safer drugs. The heterogeneity of stem cell types as well as the numerous areas of application suggests that differential processes are mandatory for their in vitro culture. Many of the envisioned applications would require the production of a high number of stem cells and their ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 10, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zweigerdt R Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Fiber-Optic Based Cell Sensors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Different whole cell fiber optic based biosensors have been developed to detect the total effect of a wide range of environmental pollutants, providing results within a very short period. These biosensors are usually built from three major components, the biorecognition element (whole-cells) intimately attached to a transducer (optic fiber) using a variety of techniques (adsorption, covalent binding, polymer trapping, etc). Even with a great progress in the field of biosensors, there is still a serious lack of commercial applications, capable of competing with traditional analytical tools. PMID: 19499206 [PubMed - ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Eltzov E, Marks RS Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Dynamic Visualization of Cellular Signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Our understanding of cellular signaling is critically dependent on our ability to visualize and quantify specific signaling events with high spatial and temporal resolution in the cellular context. Over the past decade or so, biosensors based on fluorescent proteins and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have emerged as one major class of fluorescent probes that are capable of tracking a variety of cellular signaling events, such as second messenger dynamics and enzyme activation/activity, in time and space. Here we review recent advances in the development of such biosensors and some biological insights rev...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 5, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ni Q, Zhang J Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Embryonic Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization and Culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells isolated from the mammalian blastocyst. Traditionally, these cells have been derived and cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) supportive layers, which allow their continuous growth in an undifferentiated state. However, for any future industrial or clinical application hESCs should be cultured in reproducible, defined, and xeno-free culture system, where exposure to animal pathogens is prevented. From their derivation in 1998 the methods for culturing hESCs were significantly improved. This chapter wills discuss hESC characterization and the basic methods for their d...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - June 3, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Amit M, Itskovitz-Eldor J Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Transport Advances in Disposable Bioreactors for Liver Tissue Engineering.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating diagnosis with an overall survival of approximately 60%. Liver transplantation is the therapy of choice for ALF patients but is limited by the scarce availability of donor organs. The prognosis of ALF patients may improve if essential liver functions are restored during liver failure by means of auxiliary methods because liver tissue has the capability to regenerate and heal. Bioartificial liver (BAL) approaches use liver tissue or cells to provide ALF patients with liver-specific metabolism and synthesis products necessary to relieve some of the symptoms and to promote liver ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 28, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Catapano G, Patzer JF, Gerlach JC Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Secondary Metabolites from Higher Fungi: Discovery, Bioactivity, and Bioproduction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Medicinal higher fungi such as Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum have been used as an alternative medicine remedy to promote health and longevity for people in China and other regions of the world since ancient times. Nowadays there is an increasing public interest in the secondary metabolites of those higher fungi for discovering new drugs or lead compounds. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal higher fungi involves a multifaceted approach combining mycological, biochemical, pharmacological, metabolic, biosynthetic and molecular techniques. In recent years, many new secondary metabolites from highe...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 26, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhong JJ, Xiao JH Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Microbial Transformation of Nitriles to High-Value Acids or Amides.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Biotransformation of nitriles mediated by nitrile-amide converting enzymes has attracted considerable attention and developed tremendously in the recent years in China since it offers a valuable alternative to traditional chemical reaction which required harsh conditions. As a result, an upsurge of these promising enzymes (including nitrile hydratase, nitrilase and amidase) has been taking place. This review aims at describing these enzymes in detail. A variety of microorganisms harboring nitrile-amide converting activities have been isolated and identified in China, some of which have already applied with moderate suc...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 26, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chen J, Zheng RC, Zheng YG, Shen YC Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Bacteriophage-Based Pathogen Detection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Considered the most abundant organism on Earth, at a population approaching 10(31), bacteriophage, or phage for short, mediate interactions with myriad bacterial hosts that has for decades been exploited in phage typing schemes for signature identification of clinical, food-borne, and water-borne pathogens. With over 5,000 phage being morphologically characterized and grouped as to susceptible host, there exists an enormous cache of bacterial-specific sensors that has more recently been incorporated into novel bio-recognition assays with heightened sensitivity, specificity, and speed. These assays take many forms, rang...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ripp S Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Electronic Interfacing with Living Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The direct interfacing of living cells with inorganic electronic materials, components or systems has led to the development of two broad categories of devices that can (1) transduce biochemical signals generated by biological components into electrical signals and (2) transduce electronically generated signals into biochemical signals. The first category of devices permits the monitoring of living cells, the second, enables control of cellular processes. This review will survey this exciting area with emphasis on the fundamental issues and obstacles faced by researchers. Devices and applications that use both prokaryo...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Fleming JT Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Live Cell Optical Sensing for High Throughput Applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes the uses of live cell optical sensing for probing cell biology and ligand pharmacology, with an emphasis of resonant waveguide grating biosensor cellular assays for high throughput applications. PMID: 19475370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Fang Y Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Application of Microbial Bioreporters in Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bioreporters have been widely acknowledged to represent new and novel approaches in applied microbiology. Despite a plethora of constructions covering a diverse range of detection devices and host organisms, genuine applications are rare. Here, their application in the areas of general environmental microbiology, analytical detection and bioremediation are summarised and critically considered. Future applications require a more integrated approach such that those constructing bioreporters are aware of the needs of the end-user. A decade ago, predictions were made of the pivotal role of bioreporters and our future relia...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Diplock EE, Alhadrami HA, Paton GI Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Surface Functionalization for Protein and Cell Patterning.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The interaction of biological systems with synthetic material surfaces is an important issue for many biological applications such as implanted devices, tissue engineering, cell-based sensors and assays, and more generally biologic studies performed ex vivo. To ensure reliable outcomes, the main challenge resides in the ability to design and develop surfaces or artificial micro-environment that mimic 'natural environment' in interacting with biomolecules and cells without altering their function and phenotype. At this effect, microfabrication, surface chemistry and material science play a pivotal role in the design of ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Colpo P, Ruiz A, Ceriotti L, Rossi F Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Sensors in Disposable Bioreactors Status and Trends.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For better control of productivity and product quality, detailed monitoring of various parameters is required. Since disposable bioreactors become more and more important for biotechnological applications, adequate sensors for this type of reactor are necessary. The required properties of sensors used in disposable reactors differ from those of sensors for multiuse reactors. For example, sensors which are in direct contact with the medium must be inexpensive, but do not need a long life-time, since they can be used only once.This chapter gives an overview on the state of the art and future trends in the field of sensor...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Glindkamp A, Riechers D, Rehbock C, Hitzmann B, Scheper T, Reardon KF Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Environmental Applications of Photoluminescence-Based Biosensors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For monitoring and treatment of soil and water, environmental scientists and engineers require measurements of the concentration of chemical contaminants. Although laboratory-based methods relying on gas or liquid chromatography can yield very accurate measurements, they are also complex, time consuming, expensive, and require sample pretreatment. Furthermore, they are not readily adapted for in situ measurements.Sensors are devices that can provide continuous, in situ measurements, ideally without the addition of reagents. A biosensor incorporates a biological component coupled to a transducer, which translates the in...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Reardon KF, Zhong Z, Lear KL Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Disposable Bioreactors for Plant Micropropagation and Mass Plant Cell Culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19475375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ducos JP, Terrier B, Courtois D Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Recent Developments in Biodesulfurization of Fossil Fuels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19475378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xu P, Feng J, Yu B, Li F, Ma C Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Use of Orbital Shaken Disposable Bioreactors for Mammalian Cell Cultures from the Milliliter-Scale to the 1,000-Liter Scale.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Driven by the commercial success of recombinant biopharmaceuticals, there is an increasing demand for novel mammalian cell culture bioreactor systems for the rapid production of biologicals that require mammalian protein processing. Recently, orbitally shaken bioreactors at scales from 50 mL to 1,000 L have been explored for the cultivation of mammalian cells and are considered to be attractive alternatives to conventional stirred-tank bioreactors because of increased flexibility and reduced costs. Adequate oxygen transfer capacity was maintained during the scale-up, and strategies to increase further oxygen transfer r...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - May 21, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhang X, Stettler M, Sanctis DD, Perrone M, Parolini N, Discacciati M, Jesus MD, Hacker D, Quarteroni A, Wurm F Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Approaches to High-Performance Preparative Chromatography of Proteins.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preparative liquid chromatography is widely used for the purification of chemical and biological substances. Different from high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of many different components at minimized sample loading, high-performance preparative chromatography is of much larger scale and should be of high resolution and high capacity at high operation speed and low to moderate pressure drop. There are various approaches to this end. For biochemical engineers, the traditional way is to model and optimize a purification process to make it exert its maximum capability. For high-performance separations...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Sun Y, Liu FF, Shi QH Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Large Scale Culture of Ginseng Adventitious Roots for Production of Ginsenosides.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is one of the most famous oriental medicinal plants used as crude drugs in Asian countries, and now it is being used worldwide for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Among diverse constituents of ginseng, saponins (ginsenosides) have been found to be major components responsible for their biological and pharmacological actions. On the other hand, difficulties in the supply of pure ginsenosides in quantity prevent the development of ginseng for clinical medicines. Cultivation of ginseng in fields takes a long time, generally 5-7 years, and needs extensive effort regarding quality co...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Paek KY, Murthy HN, Hahn EJ, Zhong JJ Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Characterization, Modeling and Application of Aerobic Granular Sludge for Wastewater Treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently extensive studies have been carried out to cultivate aerobic granular sludge worldwide, including in China. Aerobic granules, compared with conventional activated sludge flocs, are well known for their regular, dense, and strong microbial structure, good settling ability, high biomass retention, and great ability to withstand shock loadings. Studies have shown that the aerobic granules could be applied for the treatment of low- or high-strength wastewaters, simultaneous removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and decomposition of toxic wastewaters. Thus, this new form of activate sludge, like anaer...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu XW, Yu HQ, Ni BJ, Sheng GP Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Disposables in Downstream Processing.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Disposable equipment has been used for many years in the downstream processing industry, but mainly for filtration and buffer/media storage. Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of disposable concepts for chromatography, replacing steel and glass fixed systems with disposable plastic modules that can be discarded once exhausted, fouled or contaminated. These modules save on cleaning and validation costs, and their reduce footprints reduce buffer consumption, water for injection, labor and facility space, contributing to an overall reduction in expenditure that lowers the cost of goods. Th...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Gottschalk U Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Adult Stem and Progenitor Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The discovery of adult stem cells in most adult tissues is the basis of a number of clinical studies that are carried out, with therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells as a prime example. Intense scientific debate is still ongoing as to whether adult stem cells may have a greater plasticity than previously thought. Although cells with some features of embryonic stem cells that, among others, express Oct4, Nanog and SSEA1 are isolated from fresh tissue, it is not clear if the greater differentiation potential is acquired during cell culture. Moreover, adult more pluripotent cells do not have all pluripotent characte...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Geraerts M, Verfaillie CM Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Approaches to Optimizing Animal Cell Culture Process: Substrate Metabolism Regulation and Protein Expression Improvement.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some high value proteins and vaccines for medical and veterinary applications by animal cell culture have an increasing market in China. In order to meet the demands of large-scale productions of proteins and vaccines, animal cell culture technology has been widely developed. In general, an animal cell culture process can be divided into two stages in a batch culture. In cell growth stage a high specific growth rate is expected to achieve a high cell density. In production stage a high specific production rate is stressed for the expression and secretion of qualified protein or replication of virus. It is always critic...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhang Y Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Bag Bioreactor Based on Wave-Induced Motion: Characteristics and Applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Today wave-mixed bag bioreactors are common devices in modern biotechnological processes where simple, safe and flexible production has top priority. Numerous studies that have been published on ex vivo generation of cells, viruses and therapeutic agents during the last 10 years have confirmed their suitability and even superiority to stirred bioreactors made from glass or stainless steel for animal as well as plant cell cultivations. In these studies the wave-mixed bag bioreactors enabled middle to high cell density and adequate productivity in laboratory and pilot scale. This mainly results from low-shear conditions ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Eibl R, Werner S, Eibl D Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Application of Disposable Bag-Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering and for the Production of Therapeutic Agents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to increase process efficiency, many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have introduced disposable bag technology over the last 10 years. Because this technology also greatly reduces the risk of cross-contamination, disposable bags are preferred in applications in which an absolute or improved process safety is a necessity, namely the production of functional tissue for implantation (tissue engineering), the production of human cells for the treatment of cancer and immune system diseases (cellular therapy), the production of viruses for gene therapies, the production of therapeutic proteins, and veteri...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 17, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Eibl R, Eibl D Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

On the Design of Low-Cost Fluorescent Protein Biosensors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19347267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tolosa L Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Isolation and Enrichment of Stem Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19347268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology)
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - April 4, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Bosio A, Huppert V, Donath S, Hennemann P, Malchow M, Heinlein UA Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Transdifferentiation of Stem Cells: A Critical View.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recently a large amount of new data on the plasticity of stem cells of various lineages have emerged, providing new perspectives especially for the therapeutic application of adult stem cells. Previously unknown possibilities of cell differentiation beyond the known commitment of a given stem cell have been described using keywords such as "blood to liver," or "bone to brain." Controversies on the likelihood, as well as the biological significance, of these conversions almost immediately arose within this young field of stem cell biology. This chapter will concentrate on these controversies and focus on selected exampl...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 28, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Gruh I, Martin U Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

A Novel Nonviral Gene Delivery System: Multifunctional Envelope-Type Nano Device.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this review we introduce a new concept for developing a nonviral gene delivery system which we call "Programmed Packaging." Based on this concept, we succeeded in developing a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND), which exerts high transfection activities equivalent to those of an adenovirus in a dividing cell. The use of MEND has been extended to in vivo applications. PEG/peptide/DOPE ternary conjugate (PPD)-MEND, a new in vivo gene delivery system for the targeting of tumor cells that dissociates surface-modified PEG in tumor tissue by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and exerts significant transfection ...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 28, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Kogure K, Harashima H Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Totipotency, Pluripotency and Nuclear Reprogramming.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mammalian development commences with the totipotent zygote which is capable of developing into all the specialized cells that make up the adult animal. As development unfolds, cells of the early embryo proliferate and differentiate into the first two lineages, the pluripotent inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. Pluripotent cells can be isolated, adapted and propagated indefinitely in vitro in an undifferentiated state as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). ESCs retain their ability to differentiate into cells representing the three major germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm or any of the 200+ cell types present in t...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mitalipov S, Wolf D Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Electrospray Deposition of Biomolecules.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This chapter describes the basic physics underlying the newly emerging technique of electrospray deposition (ESD) as applied to biological macromolecules. Fabrication of protein films and microarrays are considered as the most important applications of this technology. All the major stages in the ESD process (solution electrification, formation of a cloud of charged microdroplets, transformation of microdroplets into ions and charged clusters, deposition, and neutralization) are discussed to reveal the physical processes involved, such as space charge effects, dissipation of energy upon landing and neutralization mecha...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Morozov VN Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Development of Fundamental Technologies for Micro Bioreactors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This chapter reviews the development of fundamental technologies required for microchip-based bioreactors utilizing living mammalian cells and pressure driven flow. The most important factor in the bioreactor is the cell culture. For proper cell culturing, continuous medium supply from a microfluidic channel and appropriate modification of the channel surface to accommodate cell attachment is required. Moreover, the medium flow rate should be chosen carefully, because shear stress affects cell activity. The techniques presented here could be applied to the development of micro bioreactors such as microlivers, pigment p...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Sato K, Kitamori T Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals

A Review on: Atomic Force Microscopy Applied to Nano-mechanics of the Cell.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since its introduction in 1986, AFM has been applied to biological studies along with its widespread use in physics, chemistry and engineering fields. Due to its dual capabilities of imaging nano-materials with an atomic level resolution and of directly manipulating samples with high precision, AFM is now considered an indispensable instrument for nano-technological researchers especially in physically oriented fields. In biology in general, however, and in biotechnology in particular, its usefulness must be critically examined and, if necessary as it certainly is, further explored from a practical point of view. In th...
Source: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology - March 27, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ikai A Tags: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol Source Type: journals