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Recent Advances in the Nutrition and Metabolism of Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:1-14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_1.ABSTRACTDomestic dogs (facultative carnivores) and cats (obligate carnivores) have been human companions for at least 12,000 and 9000 years, respectively. These animal species have a relatively short digestive tract but a large stomach volume and share many common features of physiological processes, intestinal microbes, and nutrient metabolism. The taste buds of the canine and feline tongues can distinguish sour, umami, bitter, and salty substances. Dogs, but not cats, possess sweet receptors. α-Amylase activity is either absent or very low in canine and ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Characteristics of the Digestive Tract of Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:15-38. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_2.ABSTRACTAs for other mammals, the digestive system of dogs (facultative carnivores) and cats (obligate carnivores) includes the mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory digestive organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). These carnivores have a relatively shorter digestive tract but longer canine teeth, a tighter digitation of molars, and a greater stomach volume than omnivorous mammals such as humans and pigs. Both dogs and cats have no detectable or a very low activity of salivar...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Wenliang He Erin D Connolly Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

The Use of Diets in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Gastrointestinal Diseases in Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:39-53. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_3.ABSTRACTThe nutritional health of dogs and cats is important to pet owners around the world. Nutrition is inextricably linked to the health of the gastrointestinal system and vice versa. Gastrointestinal signs, such as vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, or weight loss, are one of the most common reasons that dog and cat owners make non-routine appointments with veterinarians. Those patients are evaluated systematically to identify and/or rule out the causes of the symptoms. Some causes of chronic diarrhea are within the gastrointestinal tract while others are s...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Nancy H Ing Joerg M Steiner Source Type: research

Characteristics of Nutrition and Metabolism in Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:55-98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_4.ABSTRACTDomestic dogs and cats have evolved differentially in some aspects of nutrition, metabolism, chemical sensing, and feeding behavior. The dogs have adapted to omnivorous diets containing taurine-abundant meat and starch-rich plant ingredients. By contrast, domestic cats must consume animal-sourced foods for survival, growth, and development. Both dogs and cats synthesize vitamin C and many amino acids (AAs, such as alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine), but have a limited ability to form de novo arginine...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Peng Li Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Beyond the Bowl: Understanding Amino Acid Requirements and Digestibility to Improve Protein Quality Metrics for Dog and Cat Foods
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:99-134. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_5.ABSTRACTThe determination of amino acid (AA) requirements for mammals has traditionally been done through nitrogen (N) balance studies, but this technique underestimates AA requirements in adult animals. There has been a shift toward researchers using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique for the determination of AA requirements in humans, and recently in dogs. However, the determination of AA requirements specific to adult dogs and cats at maintenance is lacking and the current requirements outlined by the National Research Council are base...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Pawanpreet Singh Sydney Banton Guido Bosch Wouter H Hendriks Anna K Shoveller Source Type: research

Functions and Metabolism of Amino Acids in the Hair and Skin of Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:135-154. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_6.ABSTRACTThe hair and skin of domestic cats or dogs account for 2% and 12-24% of their body weight, respectively, depending on breed and age. These connective tissues contain protein as the major constituent and provide the first line of defense against external pathogens and toxins. Maintenance of the skin and hair in smooth and elastic states requires special nutritional support, particularly an adequate provision of amino acids (AAs). Keratin (rich in cysteine, serine and glycine) is the major protein both in the epidermis of the skin and in the hair. ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Erin D Connolly Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Functions and Metabolism of Amino Acids in Bones and Joints of Cats and Dogs
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:155-175. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_7.ABSTRACTThe bone is a large and complex organ (12-15% of body weight) consisting of specialized connective tissues (bone matrix and bone marrow), whereas joints are composed of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, synovial joint capsules and membranes, and a synovial joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Maintaining healthy bones and joints is a dynamic and complex process, as bone deposition (formation of new bone materials) and resorption (breakdown of the bone matrix to release calcium and phosphorus) are the continuous processes to determine bone balanc...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Arianna N Lopez Fuller W Bazer Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Roles of Nutrients in the Brain Development, Cognitive Function, and Mood of Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:177-202. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_8.ABSTRACTThe brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e.g., dopamine, norep...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Nutrition and Aging in Dogs and Cats
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:203-215. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_9.ABSTRACTAging is often associated with chronic inflammation and declining health. Both veterinarians and owners of aging dogs and cats are interested in nutritional solutions and strategies to prevent signs of age-related disease, increase longevity, and improve quality of life. Physiological decreases in muscle mass, decreased immunity, and a decrease in sense acuity are some of the changes often seen in otherwise healthy senior pets; however, there may also be an increase in risk for pathologies such as renal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neopl...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Jonathan Stockman Source Type: research

Association Between Household Location (Urban versus Rural) and Fundamental Care Provided to Domestic Dogs (Canis Familiaris) in Northern Ireland
In conclusion, the results of this study have shown a number of differences in basic care and perception of dogs kept in city locations and on farm locations. Further studies are required to understand the provision of health care and fulfilments of all welfare needs of the dogs kept on farms.PMID:38625531 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_10 (Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Violetta Naughton Teresa Grzelak Patrick J Naughton Source Type: research

Analysis of Gizzerosine in Foodstuffs by HPLC Involving Pre-column Derivatization with o-Phthaldialdehyde
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1446:237-250. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_11.ABSTRACTGizzerosine [2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid] is a toxic amino acid formed from histamine and lysine at high temperatures, and may be present in foodstuffs (e.g., fishmeal and meat-bone meal) for animals including cats and dogs. Here we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, and automated method for the analysis of gizzerosine in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) involving pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (instead of the usual 2-mercaptoetha...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - April 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Peng Li Guoyao Wu Source Type: research

Immunoprecipitation Methods to Isolate Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Complexes (mRNP)
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;3234:1-15. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_1.ABSTRACTThroughout their life cycle, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) associate with proteins to form ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs). Each mRNA is part of multiple successive mRNP complexes that participate in their biogenesis, cellular localization, translation and decay. The dynamic composition of mRNP complexes and their structural remodelling play crucial roles in the control of gene expression. Studying the endogenous composition of different mRNP complexes is a major challenge. In this chapter, we describe the variety of protein-centric immunoprecipitation methods ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 20, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Hassan Hayek Lauriane Gross Fatima Alghoul Franck Martin Gilbert Eriani Christine Allmang Source Type: research

Purification of In Vivo or In Vitro-Assembled RNA-Protein Complexes by RNA Centric Methods
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;3234:17-29. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_2.ABSTRACTThroughout their entire life cycle, RNAs are associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with highly dynamic compositions and very diverse functions in RNA metabolism, including splicing, translational regulation, ribosome assembly. Many RNPs remain poorly characterized due to the challenges inherent in their purification and subsequent biochemical characterization. Therefore, developing methods to isolate specific RNA-protein complexes is an important initial step toward understanding their function. Many...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 20, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Aur élie Janvier Hassan Hayek Fatima Alghoul Lauriane Gross Christine Allmang Franck Martin Gilbert Eriani Source Type: research

Peptide-Based Mass Spectrometry for the Investigation of Protein Complexes
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;3234:31-40. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_3.ABSTRACTIn the last two decades, biological mass spectrometry has become the gold standard for the identification of proteins in biological samples. The technological advancement of mass spectrometers and the development of methods for ionization, gas phase transfer, peptide fragmentation as well as for acquisition of high-resolution mass spectrometric data marked the success of the technique. This chapter introduces peptide-based mass spectrometry as a tool for the investigation of protein complexes. It provides an overview of the main steps for sample pr...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 20, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Gianluca Degliesposti Source Type: research

Probing Protein Complexes Composition, Stoichiometry, and Interactions by Peptide-Based Mass Spectrometry
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;3234:41-57. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-52193-5_4.ABSTRACTThe characterization of a protein complex by mass spectrometry can be conducted at different levels. Initial steps regard the qualitative composition of the complex and subunit identification. After that, quantitative information such as stoichiometric ratios and copy numbers for each subunit in a complex or super-complex is acquired. Peptide-based LC-MS/MS offers a wide number of methods and protocols for the characterization of protein complexes. This chapter concentrates on the applications of peptide-based LC-MS/MS for the qualitative, quantita...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 20, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Gianluca Degliesposti Source Type: research