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Preface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19773064 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Prévost G Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 1: Ecology and life history evolution of frugivorous Drosophila parasitoids.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parasitoids and their hosts are linked by intimate and harmful interactions that make them well suited to analyze fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes with regard to life histories evolution of parasitic association. Drosophila aspects of what parasitoid Hymenoptera have become model organisms to study aspects that cannot be investigated with other associations. These include the genetic bases of fitness traits variations, physiology and genetics of resistance/virulence, and coevolutionary dynamics leading to local adaptation. Recent research on evolutionary ecology of Drosophila parasitoids were performed...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Fleury F, Gibert P, Ris N, Allemand R Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 2: Decision-making dynamics in parasitoids of Drosophila.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drosophilids and their associated parasitoids live in environments that vary in resource availability and quality within and between generations. The use of information to adapt behavior to the current environment is a key feature under such circumstances and Drosophila parasitic wasps are excellent model systems to study learning and information use. They are among the few parasitoid model species that have been tested in a wide array of situations. Moreover, several related species have been tested under similar conditions, allowing the analysis of within and between species variability, the effect of natural selecti...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Thiel A, Hoffmeister TS Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 3: Dynamic use of fruit odours to locate host larvae individual learning, physiological state and genetic variability as adaptive mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This chapter presents a series of behavioral studies designed to document how Leptopilina spp. learn fruit odours in order to find and explore host-infested fruits. Experimental analyses of conditioned responses explored individual learning, physiological changes and genetic variability as adaptive mechanisms of the host searching behavior. Both oriented walking and substrate probing can be easily observed and quantified in laboratory devices. We studied walking in a four-arm olfactometer and probing in an agar substrate in response to olfactory stimulation by fruit odours. We analyzed the odour learning process and th...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Kaiser L, Couty A, Perez-Maluf R Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 4: The role of melanization and cytotoxic by-products in the cellular immune responses of Drosophila against parasitic wasps.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cellular innate immune response of several species of Drosophila terminates with the encasement of large foreign objects within melanotic capsules comprised of several layers of adhering blood cells or hemocytes. This reaction is manifested by various Drosophila hosts in response to infection by endoparasitic wasps (i.e., parasitoids). Creditable assessments of the factor(s) causing, or contributing to, parasite mortality have long been considered as cytotoxic elements certain molecules associated with enzyme-mediated melanogenesis. However, observations that warrant additional or alternative considerations are tho...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Nappi A, Poirié M, Carton Y Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 5: Virulence factors and strategies of Leptopilina spp.: selective responses in Drosophila hosts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To ensure survival, parasitic wasps of Drosophila have evolved strategies to optimize host development to their advantage. They also produce virulence factors that allow them to overcome or evade host defense. Wasp infection provokes cellular and humoral defense reactions, resulting in alteration in gene expression of the host. The activation of these reactions is controlled by conserved mechanisms shared by other invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Application of genomics and bioinformatics approaches is beginning to reveal comparative host gene expression changes after infection by different parasitic wasps. We anal...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Lee MJ, Kalamarz ME, Paddibhatla I, Small C, Rajwani R, Govind S Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 6: Variation of Leptopilina boulardi success in Drosophila hosts: what is inside the black box?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Interactions between Drosophila hosts and parasitoid wasps are among the few examples in which occurrence of intraspecific variation of parasite success has been studied in natural populations. Such variations can originate from three categories of factors: environmental, host and parasitoid factors. Under controlled laboratory conditions, it is possible to focus on the two last categories, and, using specific reference lines, to analyze their respective importance. Parasitoid and host contributions to variations in parasite success have largely been studied in terms of evolutionary and mechanistic aspects in two Droso...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Dubuffet A, Colinet D, Anselme C, Dupas S, Carton Y, Poirié M Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 7: Immune resistance of Drosophila hosts against Asobara parasitoids: cellular aspects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immunity of Drosophila relies on a variety of defenses cooperating to fight parasites and pathogens. The encapsulation reaction is the main hemocytic response neutralizing large parasites like endophagous parasitoids. The diversity of the mechanisms of immunoevasion evolved by Asobara parasitoids, together with the wide spectrum of Drosophila host species they can parasitize, make them ideal models to study and unravel the physiological and cellular aspects of host immunity. This chapter summarizes what could be learnt on the cellular features of the encapsulation process in various Drosophila spp., and also on the...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Eslin P, Prévost G, Havard S, Doury G Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 8: Components of Asobara venoms and their effects on hosts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hymenoptera of the Asobara genus are endophagous parasitoids of Drosophila larvae. In these apocrita insects whose venom gland is associated with the female reproductive tract, the wasp venom is injected into the host along with the parasitoid egg during oviposition. We conducted a comparative study of the venom apparatuses from three Asobara spp.: the European Asobara tabida, the Asiatic A. japonica and the African A. citri. Light and electron microscopy of venom glands, together with the biochemical analysis of their contents, revealed important differences between Asobara spp. In addition, the physiological effects ...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Moreau SJ, Vinchon S, Cherqui A, Prévost G Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 9: Strategies of avoidance of host immune defenses in Asobara species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Eggs and larvae of endophagous parasitoids face the host's immunity reaction once they penetrate the insect host's hemocele. In order to overcome the host's immune barrier, endoparasitoids have developed various strategies. Conformer parasitoids hide and/or get protected from the attack by the host's immunity cells without interfering with the host's immune system. Differently, regulator parasitoids directly attack the host's hemocytes, therefore totally inhibiting the immunity reaction of encapsulation in the parasitized host. Female wasps may also discriminate immunoreactive hosts from nonreactive, permissive ones be...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Prévost G, Doury G, Mabiala-Moundoungou AD, Cherqui A, Eslin P Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 10: Evolution of host resistance and parasitoid counter-resistance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
By their nature, parasitoids will exert a selection pressure on their hosts to evolve a mechanism through which to resist parasitoid attack. In turn, such a resistance mechanism will lead to parasitoids evolving counter-resistance. In this chapter, we present an overview of the research on the (co)evolutionary interaction between Drosophila and their parasitoids, with the main focus on the cellular immune response of D. melanogaster, and the counter-resistance mechanism of one of its main parasitoids, Asobara tabida. A key aspect of this interaction is the existence of genetic variation: in the field, host resistance a...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Kraaijeveld AR, Godfray HC Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 11: Local, geographic and phylogenetic scales of coevolution in Drosophila-parasitoid interactions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this chapter, we describe the geographically widespread genetic fixation of traits involved in Drosophila-parasitoid immune interactions and the situations where such fixation is not observed. We then discuss how the three classes of coevolutionary dynamics that can occur at the local scale (coevolutionary escalation, coevolutionary alternation and coevolutionary polymorphism), the geographic mosaic of selection, and the phylogenetic constraints may explain such evolutionary patterns and drive diversification in the interactions. Most Drosophila parasitoid traits involved in virulence are host-species specific. Dire...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Dupas S, Dubuffet A, Carton Y, Poirié M Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 12: Drosophila-parasitoid communities as model systems for host-Wolbachia interactions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Wolbachia bacteria are cytoplasmic endosymbionts that infect a wide range of arthropod and nematode hosts. They are transmitted from mother to offspring via the eggs (vertical transmission) and enhance their transmission to the next generation by manipulating the reproductive system of their hosts. These manipulations occur in many forms, such as the induction of cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, male killing and parthenogenesis induction. Wolbachia is estimated to occur in up to 66% of all insect species, but the greatest diversity of reproductive manipulations is found in the order of the Hymenoptera. Studie...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Vavre F, Mouton L, Pannebakker BA Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 13: A virus-shaping reproductive strategy in a Drosophila parasitoid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Insect parasitoids are often infected with heritable viruses. Some of them, such as polydnaviruses, have evolved toward an obligatory relationship with the parasitoid because they are necessary to protect the parasitoid egg from the host immune reaction. However, recent and past discoveries have revealed the presence of facultative inherited viruses in parasitoids for which no clear phenotypic effect was observed. In this chapter, we present how such an inherited virus was recently discovered in the Drosophila parasitoid, Leptopilina boulardi. We show that this virus is responsible for an increase in the superparasitis...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - September 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Varaldi J, Patot S, Nardin M, Gandon S Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Preface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19622406 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Rollinson D, Hay SI Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 1. The biology of the caecal trematode Zygocotyle lunata.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This chapter examines the significant studies on the caecal paramphistomid Zygocotyle lunata from mainly 1941 to 2008. This digenean is one of two paramphistomid species in the family Zygocotylidae. Z. lunata has an almost global distribution being found in the wild in numerous waterfowl and various species of ruminants. It infects planorbid snails in the genera Helisoma and Biomphalaria. Because it may involve concurrent infections with Schistosoma mansoni in species of Biomphalaria snails, there is an interest in Z. lunata as a potential control agent against S. mansoni. Z. lunata may have some impact as a pathogen o...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Fried B, Huffman JE, Keeler S, Peoples RC Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 2. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fascioliasis, caused by liver fluke species of the genus Fasciola, has always been well recognized because of its high veterinary impact but it has been among the most neglected diseases for decades with regard to human infection. However, the increasing importance of human fascioliasis worldwide has re-launched interest in fascioliasis. From the 1990s, many new concepts have been developed regarding human fascioliasis and these have furnished a new baseline for the human disease that is very different to a simple extrapolation from fascioliasis in livestock. Studies have shown that human fascioliasis presents marked h...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 3. Recent advances in the biology of echinostomes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This chapter examines the significant literature on the biology of echinostomes. The members of the family Echinostomatidae are medically and veterinary-important parasitic flatworms that invade humans, domestic animals and wildlife and also parasitize in their larval stages numerous invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts. All echinostomes possess a complicated lifecycle expressed by: (i) alternation of seven generations known as the adult, egg, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria and metacercaria, and (ii) inclusion of three host categories known as the definitive host and first and second intermediate host...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Toledo R, Esteban JG, Fried B Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 4. Peptidases of trematodes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among human and veterinary parasitic diseases the trematodiases (e.g. schistosomiasis, fascioliasis) represent a problem of global importance with vast social, economic and public health impacts, especially in developing countries. Therefore, host-parasite (host-trematode) interactions represent a key topic in many research laboratories, and modern approaches and technologies allow us to study the molecular basis of these interactions. As a consequence, key molecules produced by trematodes in order to ensure parasite invasion and survival within a hosts can be characterized. Trematode peptidases certainly belong to suc...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Kasný M, Mikes L, Hampl V, Dvorák J, Caffrey CR, Dalton JP, Horák P Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 5. Potential contribution of sero-epidemiological analysis for monitoring malaria control and elimination: historical and current perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anti-malarial antibody responses represent an individual's history of exposure to the disease and, as age sero-conversion rates, reflect cumulative malaria exposure in a population. As such these antibody responses are an alternate measure of malaria transmission intensity and have potential in evaluating changes in exposure. This approach was used in the 1970s to evaluate malaria control and eradication attempts in a variety of different ecological settings. These historical studies provided a wealth of information on how serological data might be used to interpret control measures. However they were limited by a lack...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - July 25, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Drakeley C, Cook J Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Preface.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19289187 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Webster JP Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 1 HLA-Mediated Control of HIV and HIV Adaptation to HLA.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic provides a rare opportunity to examine in detail the initial stages of a host-pathogen co-evolutionary struggle in humans. The genes encoding the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules have a critical influence in the success or failure of the immune response against HIV. The particular HLA class I molecules expressed by each individual defines the type of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response that is made against the virus. This chapter describes the role of HLA class I and the CTL response in controlling HIV replication, and discusses the extent to which HIV ha...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Payne RP, Matthews PC, Prado JG, Goulder PJ Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 2 an evolutionary perspective on parasitism as a cause of cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For the past half-century, the dominant paradigm of oncogenesis has been mutational changes that disregulate cellular control of proliferation. Parasitic causes of cancer were first incorporated into this paradigm by suggesting mechanisms through which parasitism might increase mutational damage, such as generation of mutagenic compounds during immunological activity. The growing recognition of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced oncogenesis and the difficulty of generating oncogenic mutations without first having large populations of dysregulated cells, however, suggests that pathogens, particularly viruses, ...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Ewald PW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 3 invasion of the body snatchers the diversity and evolution of manipulative strategies in host-parasite interactions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parasite-induced alteration of host behaviour is a widespread transmission strategy among pathogens. Understanding how it works is an exciting challenge from both a mechanistic and an evolutionary perspective. In this review, we use key examples to examine the proximate mechanisms by which parasites are known to control the behaviour of their hosts. Special attention is given to the recent developments of post-genomic tools, such as proteomics, for determining the genetic basis of parasitic manipulation. We then discuss two novel perspectives on host manipulation (mafia-like strategy and exploitation of host compensato...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Lefèvre T, Adamo SA, Biron DG, Missé D, Hughes D, Thomas F Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 4 evolutionary drivers of parasite-induced changes in insect life-history traits from theory to underlying mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many hosts are able to tolerate infection by altering life-history traits that are traded-off one against another. Here the reproductive fitness of insect hosts and vectors is reviewed in the context of theories concerning evolutionary mechanisms driving such alterations. These include the concepts that changes in host reproductive fitness are by-products of infection, parasite manipulations, host adaptations, mafia-like strategies or host compensatory responses. Two models are examined in depth, a tapeworm/beetle association, Hymenolepis diminuta/Tenebrio molitor and malaria infections in anopheline mosquitoes. Parasi...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Hurd H Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 5 ecological immunology of a tapeworms' interaction with its two consecutive hosts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Host-parasite interactions in parasites with complex life cycles have recently gained much interest. Here, we take an evolutionary ecologist's perspective and analyse the immunological interaction of such a parasite, the model tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus, with its two intermediate hosts, a cyclopoid copepod and the three-spined stickleback. We will be focussing especially on the parallel links between the different phases during an infection in the different hosts; the immunological interactions between host(s) and parasite; and their impact on parasite establishment, growth, host manipulation and parasite virulen...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Hammerschmidt K, Kurtz J Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 6 Tracking Transmission of the Zoonosis Toxoplasma gondii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite that infects many host species and has colonised a wide range of habitats. Review of the parasite's life cycle demonstrates that it has become adapted to exploit multiple routes of transmission through a sexual cycle in the definitive host and asexually, through carnivory, and by vertical transmission. These alternative routes may operate synergistically to enhance transmission, but they might also provide a vehicle for selection leading to partitioning of strains in the environment. Genetic analysis has shown that parasite population structure varies globally. In South...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Smith JE Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 7 parasites and biological invasions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is considerable current interest in the role that parasites can play in biological invasions. This review looks at the fate of parasites during a biological invasion and at their impact on native and invasive hosts, and asks whether parasites can mediate invasion success. An introduced species may lose its parasites as a result of the introduction and such release from its natural enemies may be an important factor determining invasion success. In addition, an introduced species may acquire parasites from its new environment or it may introduce novel parasites to hosts in the new range. As a result of local adapt...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Dunn AM Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 8 zoonoses in wildlife integrating ecology into management.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Zoonoses in wildlife not only play an important ecological role, but pose significant threats to the health of humans, domestic animals and some endangered species. More than two-thirds of emerging, or re-emerging, infectious diseases are thought to originate in wildlife. Despite this, co-ordinated surveillance schemes are rare, and most efforts at disease control operate at the level of crisis management. This review examines the pathways linking zoonoses in wildlife with infection in other hosts, using examples from a range of key zoonoses, including European bat lyssaviruses and bovine tuberculosis. Ecologically bas...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Mathews F Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 9 Understanding the Interaction Between an Obligate Hyperparasitic Bacterium, Pasteuria penetrans and its Obligate Plant-Parasitic Nematode Host, Meloidogyne spp.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pasteuria penetrans is an endospore-forming bacterium, which is a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. that are economically important pests of a wide range of crops. The life cycle of the bacterium and nematode are described with emphasis on the bacterium's potential as a biocontrol agent. Two aspects that currently prohibit the commercial development of the bacterium as a biocontrol agent are the inability to culture it outside its host and its host specificity. Vegetative growth of the bacterium is possible in vitro; however, getting the vegetative stages of the bacterium to enter sporogenesis has b...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Davies KG Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 10 host-parasite relations and implications for control.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper considers the various measures available to control several of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). To develop the optimum methods for controlling the parasites that cause these NTDs, knowledge of the life cycles of both the parasites and their vectors are essential. Each NTD requires its own strategy for control based on detailed knowledge of the life cycle, and vector control, chemotherapy, better water supplies and better hygiene are all components that may be appropriate. For some diseases, improved drugs are urgently required, for some the tools are available for elimination, while uniquely guinea wo...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Fenwick A Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 11 Onchocerca-Simulium Interactions and the Population and Evolutionary Biology of Onchocerca volvulus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parasite-vector interactions shape the population dynamics of vector-borne infections and contribute to observed epidemiological patterns. Also, parasites and their vectors may co-evolve, giving rise to locally adapted combinations or complexes with the potential to stabilise the infection. Here, we focus on Onchocerca-Simulium interactions with particular reference to the transmission dynamics of human onchocerciasis. A wide range of simuliid species may act as vectors of Onchocerca volvulus, each exerting their own influence over the local epidemiology and the feasibility of controlling/eliminating the infection. Fir...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Basáñez MG, Churcher TS, Grillet ME Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 12 microsporidians as evolution-proof agents of malaria control?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Despite our efforts at malaria control, malaria remains one of our most serious and deadly diseases. The failure of control stems in part from the parasite's intense transmission in many areas and from the emergence and spread of resistance of the malaria parasites and their mosquito vectors against most of the chemicals used to attack them. New methods for control are desperately needed. However, new methods will be useful only if they are effective (i.e., decrease transmission substantially) and evolutionarily sustainable (i.e., evolution-proof, in that they prevent evolution from eroding efficacy). We suggest micros...
Source: Advances in Parasitology - March 18, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Koella JC, Lorenz L, Bargielowski I Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 1 introduction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940418 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 2 an introduction to malaria parasites.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940419 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 3 the early years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940420 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 4 show me the money.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940421 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 5 in vivo and in vitro models.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940422 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 6 malaria pigment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940423 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 7 chloroquine and hemozoin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940424 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 8 isoenzymes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 9 The Road to the Plasmodium falciparum Genome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940426 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 10 carbohydrate metabolism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940427 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 11 pyrimidines and the mitochondrion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940428 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 12 the road to atovaquone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940429 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 13 the ring road to the apicoplast.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940430 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 14 ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic Acid synthesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940431 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 15 de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and folates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940432 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 16 salvage of purines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940433 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals

Chapter 17 polyamines.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18940434 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Parasitology)
Source: Advances in Parasitology - October 24, 2008 Category: Parasitology Authors: Sherman IW Tags: Adv Parasitol Source Type: journals