Proteinuria in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Analysis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition in dogs resulting in intense pruritus, self-trauma, and papules, amongst a variety of other cutaneous lesions (Fig. 1). It has been reported that AD can affect anywhere from 3 to 15% of the canine population.1 This disease occurs in young dogs, typically less than 3 years old, and is frequently frustrating for owners, as it can be difficult to reach a diagnosis, and it may be challenging to control clinical signs in some patients. It is often difficult to definitively diagnose due to the relatively vague clinical signs that are indicative of a variety of other skin d...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marykate Tully, Jason B. Pieper Source Type: research

Agreement between cytology and histopathology for metastasis in dogs with melanomas
Melanocytic neoplasms are common in dogs. Oral malignant melanoma is the most common tumor in the oral cavity of dogs. The behavior of melanoma can be varied, and tumors may act differently based on their location, size, stage, and histopathologic features. In general, melanocytic neoplasms in haired skin tend to behave in a more benign fashion, whereas those in the oral cavity often have an aggressive metastatic course. However, anatomic location alone is not sufficient to predict biologic behavior, as it has been shown that histologically well-differentiated melanomas behave in a benign fashion, even if located within th...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Globe penetration following anesthesia for oral surgery
An elegant and contemporary approach to pain management in small animal dentistry involves the use of multimodal and preemptive analgesia. Peripheral neural block describes the use of local anesthetic agents to selectively block specific nerves, thus desensitizing certain regions of the body or head. This may form part of a multimodal approach while simultaneously contributing to pre-emptive analgesia. Easily identifiable landmarks are often used as a guide to direct needle placement. Various blocks are described in the veterinary literature for both dogs and cats. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dentistry Source Type: research

Histologic features of erythroderma in dogs with gastrointestinal disease
A unique syndrome of severe eosinophilic dermatitis with edema has been described in dogs with and without concurrent signs of gastrointestinal (GI)disease, particularly vomiting and hematochezia. Skin lesions in those dogs include deeply erythematous macules, papules, and plaques, as well as wheals and facial edema. This cutaneous syndrome in dogs has been likened to Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) in humans. It should be noted that the cellulitis in the name of this disorder refers to its clinical features of erythema and edema of the skin, which may mimic bacterial cellulitis. (Source: Advances in Small Animal ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Hypertriglyceridemia associated proteinuria in Miniature Schnauzers
Primary hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common disorder in Miniature Schnauzers. The prevalence increases with age with>75% of the breed affected by 10 years of age. Many potential sequelae of HTG have been identified in the breed, including pancreatitis, increased liver enzyme activity, and gall bladder mucocele. Recently, proteinuria was shown to have a strong positive association with HTG in Miniature Schnauzers, and evaluation of renal biopsy samples from proteinuric Miniature Schnauzers with HTG disclosed glomerular lipid thromboemboli, often in conjunction with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. (Source: Advances ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research

Renal perfusion in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment
Both hyperthyroidism and renal disease are common in elderly cats, and these diseases often occur concurrently. The prevalence of cats suffering from both diseases has been reported to be approximately 14%. The incidence of azotemia shortly after treatment of hyperthyroidism reaches 40%, suggesting unmasking of pre-existing impaired renal function. In cats with hyperthyroidism, increased serum thyroxine concentrations induce decreased vascular resistance as well as increased cardiac output, leading to increased renal blood flow and subsequently an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (Source: Advances in Small Anima...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research

Comparison of closed system transfer devices for chemotherapy delivery
Acute- and long-term health risks have been associated with occupational exposure to anti-neoplastic agents, including infertility, birth defects and some types of cancer. Human and veterinary healthcare workers risk exposure to hazardous drugs during preparation and administration through leakage or accidental spills. In the United States, an estimated 500,000 healthcare workers are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs at their workplace. Safe handling practices implemented in the 1980s have helped to reduce but not eliminate the occupational exposure of healthcare workers who handle these agents. (Source: Advances in S...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Outcome of elective cholecystectomy in dogs
Extrahepatic biliary tract surgery has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans and dogs, despite advances in surgical technique and supportive care. Reported mortality rates for dogs undergoing various types of extrahepatic biliary tract surgery range from 7 to 50%. The mortality rate for cholecystectomy alone in dogs ranges from 7 to 33.3% and in humans is approximately 30%, with a better prognosis possible when performed in response to gall bladder mucocele (GBM) versus other biliary diseases. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - June 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Does my patient have central or peripheral vestibular disease?
The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining balance.1 It coordinates movement of the head, eyes, and body so that they work together to oppose gravity and maintain correct posture. The vestibular system is composed of a peripheral portion and a central portion.2 The peripheral portion is made up of the receptor organs and an afferent cranial nerve (CN VIII) that conveys information to the brain stem. The central portion is comprised of several brainstem nuclei and processing centers and vestibular portions of the cerebellum. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Heidi Barnes Hellerdvm Source Type: research

Serum sdma as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in hyperthyroid cats
Hyperthyroidism can complicate (mask) the diagnosis of concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD), because it increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreases body muscle mass, both of which lower serum creatinine concentrations. As a result, many hyperthyroid cats with concurrent CKD only develop azotemia after successful treatment when GFR and muscle mass return to euthyroid states. Currently, no clinical test can reliably predict which hyperthyroid cats have concurrent, masked CKD. Identifying these cats may influence the choice of treatment for hyperthyroidism, as well as the care taken to minimize post-treatment ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Detection of ige-reactive proteins in hydrolysed dog foods
Adverse food reactions (AFRs) in dogs include food allergy, which has an immunological mechanism, and food intolerance, which does not. In dogs, AFRs mainly result in dermatological signs including pruritus, erythema and urticaria, and/or gastrointestinal signs including diarrhea, soft stools, and vomiting. Food-induced pruritus can exacerbate or mimic canine atopic dermatitis. Canine food allergy is confirmed by feeding an elimination (or restriction) diet (ED). In this method, a period of food elimination is followed by a challenge with regular or suspected food. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dermatology Source Type: research

Surgery followed by chop chemotherapy for cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma
Lymphoma is the most commonly diagnosed hematopoietic tumor in cats with varying forms. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most frequent primary site. Interestingly, the incidence of feline GI lymphoma (LSA) is increasing, whereas the incidence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections are decreasing within the population. Histologic classification of GI LSA is categorized into low, intermediate, and high grades, with the clinical features of intermediate and high-grade being similar in biologic characterization. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Canine intracorneal stromal hemorrhage associated with ocular and systemic disease
Hemorrhage into the cornea is an uncommon clinical finding in both human and veterinary medicine, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the physician-based literature and only one peer-reviewed veterinary medical journal article describing canine cases. This condition is reportedly associated with corneal vascularization which is a much more prevalent finding in both human beings and animals. The difference in prevalence between the conditions could be explained by special pathophysiologic circumstances. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Lack of effectiveness of tramadol for joint pain in dogs
Osteoarthritis is a common condition that affects>20% of the adult dog population, or approximately 14 million adult dogs in the United States. Tramadol, a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist that facilitates the descending serotonergic system, is commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs, despite unfavorable pharmacological findings and a lack of supportive clinical data. Two major metabolites of tramadol, O-desmethytramadol and N,O-didesmethylt ramadol, are credited with its pharmacological effects. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Orthopedics) Source Type: research

Outcome of limb fracture repair in rabbits
Bone fractures in rabbits can be serious; however, knowledge about the treatment of and prognosis for fractures in rabbits is extremely limited compared with that available for dogs and cats. To our knowledge, no published scientific reports have described the treatment and outcome of fractures in rabbits, likely because rabbits have a relatively short history as companion animals. Recently, the causes and characteristics of fractures in rabbits was reported. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - May 1, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Small Mammals Source Type: research