African Health Sciences
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Eligibility for HIV/AIDS treatment among adults in a medical emergency setting at an urban hospital in Uganda
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Conclusion: The burden of HIV infection in the medical emergency unit is high and majority of the patients who required ART had no prior HIV/AIDS care. We recommend scale up of HIV/AIDS care in acute care settings in order to increase access to ART.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Damalie NakanjakoDaniel J. KyabayinzeHarriet Mayanja-KizzaElly KatabiraMoses R. Kamya Source Type: journals
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus in a population of pregnant women and commercial sex workers in South Western Nigeria
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Conclusion: Routine screening for HTLV infection may go a long way to understanding the epidemiology of HTLV infection in Nigeria and subsequently provide tools for its prevention and control.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: J. C. ForbiA. B. Odetunde Source Type: journals
Anti-retroviral therapy induced diabetes in a Nigerian
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Conclusion: Awareness and high index of suspicion is required to identify the metabolic complications of ART.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Adamu G BakariFatima Sani-BelloMohammed S ShehuAhmed MaiIbrahim S AliyuIbrahim I Lawal Source Type: journals
The challenge of re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis at two teaching and referral hospitals in Uganda
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Conclusions Re-treatment pulmonary TB is frequent at the two teaching and referral hospitals. A contribution to re-treatment prevention should entail more rigorous management of new TB cases, particularly at lower levels of care.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Norbert AnyamaSimon SseguyaAlphonse OkweraWael A El-NaggarFred MpagiErisa Owino Source Type: journals
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori from patients in Ile-Ife, South-west, Nigeria
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Conclusions: Our findings suggest that H. pylori strains isolated within our study environment have acquired resistance to all the commonly prescribed antibiotics. On the basis of the findings it would be necessary to re-evaluate the eradication treatment regime in our setting.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Oladiipo A. AboderinAbdul R. AbduBabatunde 'Wumi OdetoyinIruka N. OkekeOladejo O. LawalDennis A. NdububaAugustine E. AgbakwuruAdebayo Lamikanra Source Type: journals
Drug sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from septic post-operative wounds in a regional referral hospital in Uganda
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Conclusion: Since a high proportion of samples had positive cultures, infection control is recommended as a strategy to minimise spread of resistant organisms. It is recommended that gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime be used in preference to ampicillin and amoxycillin for treatment of septic wounds. There is need to develop national surveillance of antibiotic- resistant organisms.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: J. R. AnguzuD. Olila Source Type: journals
Antibacterial activity of Thonningia sanguinea against some multi-drug resistant strains of Salmonella enterica
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Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea can provide an alternative therapy for the treatment of salmonellosis, mainly for typhoid fever caused by MDR strains of S Typhi. The extract also inhibits S.Hadar a MDR emerging strain in Ivory Coast.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: J D N'guessanA CoulibalyA A RamanouO C OkouA J DjamanF Guede-Guina Source Type: journals
Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes
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Conclusion: We suggest that wounds to be treated with honey should be investigated i.e with a swab for the microorganisms present on the wound and their sensitivity to the honey before commencing honey treatment. This will help in carefully selecting wounds that might do well with honey treatment not withstanding other properties of honey that aid wound healing.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Peter B. OlaitanOlufemi E. AdelekeIyabo O. Ola Source Type: journals
Burkitt's lymphoma in Africa, a review of the epidemiology and etiology
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African Health Sciences 7(3): 166-175 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) was first described in Eastern Africa, initially thought to be a sarcoma of the jaw. Shortly it became well known that this was a distinct form of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma. The disease has given insight in all aspects of cancer research and care. Its peculiar epidemiology has led to the discovery of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and its importance in the cause of several viral illnesses and malignancies. The highest incidence and mortality rates of BL are seen in Eastern Africa. BL affects mainly children, and boys are more susceptible than girls. Evidence for a causal...
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Jackson OremEdward Katongole MbiddeBo LambertSilvia de SanjoseElisabete Weiderpass Source Type: journals
A community-based investigation of the avoidable factors of maternal mortality in Nigeria: the pilot experience
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Conclusions: The pilot raised a number of fundamental issues related to the process of designing the research instrument, identifying and recruiting Data Collectors, training and supervision of Data Collectors and the research project, gaining access to respondents and obtaining support and approval from gatekeepers. This paper highlights the lessons learned and reports practical issues that occurred during pilot study.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Adetoro A. AdegokeTaiwo O. LawoyinMartins O. OgundejiAnn M. Thomson Source Type: journals
Presence of lupus anticoagulant in an asymptomatic Nigerian
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Conclusion: From literature review this is the first report of LA in an asymptomatic adult Nigerian; the importance of this finding is discussed.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Edeghonghon E. OlayemiGodwin N. Bazuaye Source Type: journals
Chloroquine has not disappeared
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African Health Sciences 7(3): 185-186 Chloroquine (CHQ), an antimalarial, is also used as an anti-inflammatory drug for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces the frequency of organ involvement and disease flares, and relieves skin and joint symptoms. CHQ reduces the immunologically-mediated inflammation of the joints. HCQ and combination therapies have a significant benefit on synovitis, pain and physical disability on RA. We advocate the investment of resistance Plasmodium prevalence determinations in countries beset by malaria, and to match thereafter the quantity of...
Source: African Health Sciences - December 5, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Ross G. CooperTapiwanashe Magwere Source Type: journals
From HIV AIDS, TB to H. pylori and other infections in Africa
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African Health Sciences 7(3): 123-123
Source: African Health Sciences - September 1, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: James K Tumwine Source Type: journals
Cyclosporiasis: an emerging public health concern around the world and in Africa
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Conclusions: Although many aspects of this disease and its transmission remain an enigma, the situation has been rapidly changing since the disease first came to medical attention in the 1970s.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Robert M. KaranjaWangeci GateiNjeri Wamae Source Type: journals
Organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis in Nigerian women as determined by PCR-DGGE and 16S rRNA gene sequence
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Conclusions: The findings indicate further diversity in the etiological agents associated with BV, and raise the question as to whether diagnosis and management of this condition needs to be re-evaluated in countries like Nigeria. There is some controversy over the clinical importance of BV, as it was once regarded as a disease caused by Gardnerella and presenting as an odourous discharge condition, but is now diagnosed without necessarily the presence of these organisms or signs. With the incidence of BV aligned to an increased risk of HIV in a country ravaged by this virus, the effective eradication of BV can only be ach...
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Kingsley C AnukamGregor Reid Source Type: journals
Primary school children's perspectives on common diseases and medicines used: implications for school healthcare programmes and priority setting in Uganda
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Conclusion: The healthcare needs and priorities of children in primary school are infectious diseases which they could readily identify.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Grace AkelloRia ReisEmilio OvugaCharles B. RwabukwaliConsolata KabonesaAnnemiek Richters Source Type: journals
Epidemiological factors that promote the development of severe malaria anaemia in children in Ibadan.
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African Health Sciences 7(2): 80-85 Background: Effective control and management of severe malaria cases depends on a clear understanding of the local epidemiological factors and specific clinical manifestations of the disease in the different endemic regions. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of severe malaria and epidemiological factors that affect the development of malaria anaemia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among children below 5 years of age, at the Adeoyo State Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Questionnaires and case histories were taken from patients clinically diagnosed of malaria....
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Chiaka I AnumuduChristian MF OkaforVictor NgwumohaikeKA AfolabiRoseangela I NwubaMark Nwagwu Source Type: journals
Effect of HIV-1 infection on malaria treatment outcome in Ugandan patients
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Conclusions: Adherence to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis should be reinforced in HIV positive patients and it should be reassessed if these patients present with acute episodes of malaria.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Pauline Byakika-KibwikaEdward DdumbaMoses Kamya Source Type: journals
Expansion of HIV-1 screening and anti-retroviral treatment programs in a resource-poor setting: results from a faith-based organization in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Conclusions: Comprehensive HIV/AIDS care has been significantly expanded at FAFH, a free and holistic medical center in Jos, Nigeria. Cumulative data from the first year of this PEPFAR-funded ART program indicated that promising outcomes are achievable through delivery of care at this faith-based medical center.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Hillary LumChristian IsicheiMercy Isichei-WakiliRobert Redfield Source Type: journals
Functional adrenal insufficiency among critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus in a resource-limited setting
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Conclusion: The diagnosis of FAI should be considered in severely ill patients with stage IV HIV disease using rifampicin or those found to have unexplained eosinophilia. Further studies to determine benefits of corticosteroids in critically ill HIV patients are needed in this setting.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: David B MeyaElly KatabiraMarcel OtimAllan RonaldRobert ColebundersDenise NjamaHarriet Mayanja-KizzaChristopher C WhalenMerle Sande Source Type: journals
Neonatal nutrition and later outcomes of very low birth weight infants at Kenyatta national hospital.
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Conclusion: Nutritionally enhanced enteral feeds during the first month of life appear to have reduced post-discharge morbidity and improved neurological outcomes at two years in VLBW infants.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Fred N WereNimrod O Bwibo Source Type: journals
Cardiorespiratory changes during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Conclusions: Mild to moderate hypoxia is common during endoscopic procedures and of no serious consequence. However severe hypoxia is less common. We recommend a non-invasive monitoring in patients with age greater than 50 years and procedure longer than 27 minutes.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: B.B. OsinaikeA AkereT.O. OlajumokeE.O. Oyebamiji Source Type: journals
Family Medicine may be helpful in improving health care delivery in sub-Saharan Africa
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African Health Sciences 7(2): 120-121 Efforts to introduce and integrate the discipline of family medicine in sub-Saharan Africa have remained slow due to failure to understand what role and benefit such physicians can play in the existing health care systems in the region. An attempt is made here to explain reasons for this trend and suggest ways to overcome it.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 26, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Richard Ssenyonga Source Type: journals
Effects of pirimiphos-methyl (an organophosphate insecticide) on the fertility of adult male rats
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African Health Sciences 7(1): 3-9 Background: Organophosphate insecticides represent one of the most widely used classes of pesticides with high potential for human exposure in both rural and residential environments. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the effects of pirimiphos-methyl (0, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpirimidin-4-yl O, O-dimethyl phosphorothioate), an organophosphothioate pesticide, on male rat reproductive performances. Methods: A total of 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each and orally treated with 0, 41.67, 62.5 or 125 mg/kg of pirimiphos-methyl for 90 days. Results: ...
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Ferdinand NgoulaPierre WatchoMarie-Chantal DongmoAugustave KenfackPierre KamtchouingJoseph Tchoumboue Source Type: journals
Uterine sarcomas in Port Harcourt, Nigeria A 12-year clinico-pathologic study
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Conclusion: Uterine Sarcomas are rare world wide; most common above the age of 50 years, with variable clinical presentations and associated with high morbidity and mortality rate.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: D Seleye-FubaraS. A. Uzoigwe Source Type: journals
Botulinum toxin treatment for anal fissure
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Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injection is an effective alternative for surgery for treatment of uncomplicated idiopathic anal fissure. Surgery should be offered to patients who do not improve with Botulinum toxin injection and to those with complicated anal fissure.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Mohamed M. RadwanKhalil RamdanIsmail Abu-AzabFikri M. Abu-Zidan Source Type: journals
Prevalence of chlamydia in patients attending gynecological clinics in south eastern Nigeria
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Conclusion: Proper screening of patients to include Chlamydia should be encouraged at all levels of medical diagnosis in the country so as to proffer treatment. Otherwise the infection will remain a silent epidemic, as is the case currently.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: L E. OkororDE AgbonlahorF I EsumehP I Umolu Source Type: journals
False teeth ebiino and millet disease oburo in Bushenyi district of Uganda
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Conclusions: The frequency of the perceived diseases false teeth and millet disease is high and may be attributed to low access to preventive and curative health services.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Fred NuwahaJoseph OkwareTimbyetaho HanningtoneMwebaze Charles Source Type: journals
Substitution of Malachite Green with Nigrosin - Eosin Yellow Stain in the Kato-Katz method: microscopical appearance of the helminth eggs
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Conclusion: The present publication shows microscopic appearance of the helminth eggs using the Odongo-Aginya modification.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Emmanuel I. Odongo-AginyaNarcis KabatereineSiefert LudwigHenry WabingaAlan FenwickAntonio Montresor Source Type: journals
Genital tuberculosis presenting as pyrexia of undetermined origin
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African Health Sciences 7(1): 37-38 A case of Genital tuberculosis in a female patient is presented. The key presenting features in this lady were chronic weight loss, colicky lower abdominal pains, fever, and amenorrhea. The fact that tuberculosis is still very much around and could present in unpredictable ways is emphasised.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Adamu G BakariGeoffrey C OnyemelukweMichael A AkolawoleSalihu B MuazuAbdullahi J Randawa Source Type: journals
The burden of high blood pressure and related risk factors in urban Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidences from Douala in Cameroon
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African Health Sciences 7(1): 38-44 Objective: To provide the current burden of high blood pressure and related risk factors in urban setting in Cameroon. Methods: We used the WHO STEPS approach for Surveillance of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors to collect data from 2,559 adults aged 15-99 years, residing at Cite des Palmiers in Douala, Cameroon. Results: The level of education was low with up to 60% of participants totalizing less than primary school. Smoking habits were 6 times more frequent in men (p
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Andre Pascal KengnePaschal Kum AwahLeopold FezeuJean Claude Mbanya Source Type: journals
Cigarette smoking prevalence among school-going adolescents in two African capital cities: Kampala Uganda and Lilongwe Malawi
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Conclusions: Adolescents are increasingly being exposed to tobacco and tobacco-related advertisements in Lilongwe, Malawi and Kampala, Uganda. There is need to enhance tobacco prevention efforts in developing nations.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Adamson S. MuulaLillian Mpabulungi Source Type: journals
Management of human bites of the face in Enugu, Nigeria
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Conclusion: We conclude that human bites still remain common in our environment. These sometimes need reconstruction due to loss of parts. Minimal debridement with primary closure/reconstruction of human bites of the face; when presented early, gives a good result.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Peter B. OlaitanAntonia O. UduezueGodwin C. UgwuezeIheuko S. OgbonnayaUche J. Achebe Source Type: journals
Examining the actions of faith-based organizations and their influence on HIV/AIDS-related stigma: A case study of Uganda
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Conclusions: Uganda's program continues to face challenges, including perceptions among the general population that HIV/AIDS is a cause for secrecy. By virtue of their networks and influence, respondents believe that FBOs are well-positioned to contribute to breaking the silence about HIV/AIDS which undermines prevention, care and treatment efforts.
Source: African Health Sciences - June 14, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Erasmus Otolok-TangaLynn AtuyambeColleen K. MurphyKarin E. RingheimSara Woldehanna Source Type: journals
Editorial
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African Health Sciences 7(1): 2-2
Source: African Health Sciences - March 1, 2007 Category: African Health Authors: Michael G Kawooya Source Type: journals
Chronic renal failure at the Olabisi Onabanjo university teaching hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria
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Conclusion: Chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetes mellitus are the commonest causes of chronic renal failure in Nigeria. Most of the patients presented late. Cardiovascular complications and infections were responsible for a greater morbidity among the patients.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: C Olutayo AlebiosuOlugbenga O AyodeleAdigun AbbasA Ina Olutoyin Source Type: journals
Plasma cholesterol and related lipid levels of seemingly healthy public service employees in Kampala, Uganda
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Conclusions: In all the cut off points used, each analyte had a significant percentage of public service employees at risk of CVD. It is therefore concluded that hypercholesterolaemia and other dyslipidemias exist among seemingly healthy public service employees in Kampala, Uganda, and this needs urgent intervention at both individual and national levels.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: G. S. BimenyaJ. K. OkotH. NangosaS. A. AngumaW. Byarugaba Source Type: journals
Dental caries in 12-year-old suburban Nigerian school children
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Conclusion: The findings in this study for the caries prevalence in 12 year - old suburban Nigerian schoolchildren was as low as in developed countries of central Europe and lower than the global standard according to WHO references for the year 2000.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: CA Adekoya - SofoworaWO NasirAO OginniM Taiwo Source Type: journals
Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
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Conclusion: A sustainable antibiotic susceptibility surveillance programme coupled with good infection control practices and rational antibiotics use will reduce infection rate, ensure better therapeutic success and prolong the efficacy of available antimicrobials.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: Kenneth C. IregbuOlufumilayo Y. ElegbaIretiola B. Babaniyi Source Type: journals
Reproductive health knowledge, beliefs and determinants of contraceptives use among women attending family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria
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Conclusion: Though respondents were knowledgeable about benefits of family planning, there is the need for continuous education of women about reproductive health issues and integration of men's participation in family planning programme to increase utilization of family planning services in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: O.A. MoronkolaM.M. OjediranA. Amosu Source Type: journals
Oral fecal parasites and personal hygiene of food handlers in Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Conclusion: There is need to enact food handling policies and implementation of such policies ensured in order to reduce transmission of oral faecal parasites.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: O.A. IdowuS.A. Rowland Source Type: journals
Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Conclusions: The level of knowledge about STDs (ability to identify tracer STDs, to describe symptoms associated with STDs and their mode of transmission) is poor with regard to the students' levels of education. Female students are more vulnerable to STDs compared to male counterparts. Mass media is still the more effective means of educating the students on STDs.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: Kennedy D. MwambeteZephania Mtaturu Source Type: journals
Gunshot injuries in Calabar, Nigeria: an indication of increasing societal violence and police brutality
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Conclusion/recommendations: The police should be cautious with guns;they and the Government should be alert to the menace of robbery, political violence, cultism and communal clashes. Good Governance, creation of employment, eradication of corruption and political violence may help.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: A.M. UdosenA.U. EtiumaG.A. UgareO.O. Bassey Source Type: journals
Disability associated with low back pain in Mulago Hospital, Kampala Uganda
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Conclusion: Our results confirm that low back pain is a significant cause of disability affecting the productive middle years of adult life and causes significant disruption of daily activities including sleep and sex. The cost of lost work time, compensation and treatment for our setting is a knowledge gap that should be filled by further study. There is need for a community-based study to ascertain extent of the problem in at a wider population level.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: M GalukandeS MuwaziB D Mugisa Source Type: journals
Abnormal haemoglobin variants, ABO and Rh blood groups among student of African descent in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Conclusion: There is a gradual decline in the prevalence of abnormal haemoglobin variants in our black population. The frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups however appeared to be stable and consistent with previous published data.
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: Zaccheaus Awortu Jeremiah Source Type: journals
Early undergraduate research experience at Makerere University Faculty of Medicine: a tool for promoting medical research
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Conclusion: Early, guided undergraduate research experience can be used to promote research within the Faculty of Medicine Makerere University. Running Head: Research Undergraduates Makerere
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: I. G. MunabiE. T. KatabiraJ Konde-Lule Source Type: journals
Focussed Assessment Sonograph Trauma (FAST) and CT scan in blunt abdominal trauma: surgeon's perspective
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African Health Sciences 6(3): 187-190 Background: Diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma is a real challenge even for experienced trauma surgeons. Diagnostic tools that help the treating doctor in optimum management of blunt abdominal trauma include; Focussed Assessment Sonography for Trauma (FAST), Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) and CT scan. Objectives: the aim of this communication is to define the recent role of FAST and CT scan of the abdomen in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma. Findings and conclusions: FAST is useful as the initial diagnostic tool for abdominal trauma to detect intraabdominal fluid. With prop...
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: Mohamed M. RadwanFikri M. Abu-Zidan Source Type: journals
Approach to foreign body ingestion, method determines outcome
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African Health Sciences 6(3): 191-191
Source: African Health Sciences - December 3, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: Omer AshrafMuhammed ArshadAtif Afzal Source Type: journals
African Health Sciences
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6(2): 66-66
Source: African Health Sciences - September 26, 2006 Category: African Health Source Type: journals
Editor's Choice
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African Health Sciences 6(2): 67-67
Source: African Health Sciences - September 26, 2006 Category: African Health Authors: James K Tumwine Source Type: journals
