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Relations of proactive and reactive dimensions of aggression to overt and covert narcissism in nonclinical adolescentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the relations of proactive and reactive aggression with overt and covert manifestations of narcissism were examined in a sample of 674 Italian high school students (mean age=15.5 years, SD=2.1 years). Overt narcissism was positively related to both proactive and reactive subtypes of aggression, whereas covert narcissism related only to reactive aggression. Vanity, Authority, Exhibitionism, and Exploitativeness were the components of overt narcissism related to Proactive Aggression (all remained unique correlates when controlling for Reactive Aggression), whereas Reactive Aggression was associated with the Ex...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 14, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Andrea Fossati, Serena Borroni, Nancy Eisenberg, Cesare Maffei Source Type: journals

Psychopathy and Axis I psychiatric disorders among criminal offenders: relationships to impulsive and proactive aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationships of impulsive aggression (IA) and proactive aggression (PA) to psychopathy and symptoms of several Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Axis I disorders in a sample of criminal offenders. Results replicated prior findings from community samples of a broad relationship between psychopathology and IA. PA was related only to psychopathy. An interaction was found whereby IA was associated with impulsive-antisocial traits of psychopathy only for individuals with moderate to high levels of generalized anxiety. Results indicate that assessing and treating several Axis I disorders in offenders may...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marc T. Swogger, Zach Walsh, Rebecca J. Houston, Sarah Cashman-Brown, Kenneth R. Conner Source Type: journals

Alcohol-related violence defined by ultimate goals: a qualitative analysis of the features of three different types of violence by intoxicated young male offendersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Based upon a functional approach to understanding aggression, we aimed to identify the occurrence of and to describe the features of three types of alcohol-related violence defined a priori by ultimate goals: (1) violence in pursuit of nonsocial profit-based goals, (2) violence in pursuit of social dominance goals, and (3) violence as defence in response to threat. A sample of 149 young men with offences of violence that were alcohol related was interviewed. Cases were classified and detailed information from the first ten cases in each class (N=30) was subjected to thematic analysis. Intoxicated violence in pursuit of non...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mary McMurran, Mary Jinks, Kevin Howells, Richard C. Howard Source Type: journals

Chronic passive exposure to aggression escalates aggressiveness of rat observersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to investigate this question by using a simple animal model to test the behavioral effect of chronic passive exposure to aggression. Our results indicate that observer rats that had been passively exposed to aggression for 10 min per day for 23 consecutive days exhibited more aggressive behavior than controls or those groups undergoing a single exposure to passive aggression. Furthermore, aggression levels in the group of 23-day chronic exposure to aggression lasted 16 days after the recovery from exposure to aggression. These data suggest that the development of aggression in this model occurred through a...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hideo Suzuki, Louis R. Lucas Source Type: journals

Pornography and attitudes supporting violence against women: revisiting the relationship in nonexperimental studiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether nonexperimental studies revealed an association between men's pornography consumption and their attitudes supporting violence against women. The meta-analysis corrected problems with a previously published meta-analysis and added more recent findings. In contrast to the earlier meta-analysis, the current results showed an overall significant positive association between pornography use and attitudes supporting violence against women in nonexperimental studies. In addition, such attitudes were found to correlate significantly higher with the use of sexually violent pornogra...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gert Martin Hald, Neil M. Malamuth, Carlin Yuen Source Type: journals

The influence of violent and nonviolent computer games on implicit measures of aggressivenessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the causal relationship between playing violent video games and increases in aggressiveness by using implicit measures of aggressiveness, which have become important for accurately predicting impulsive behavioral tendencies. Ninety-six adults were randomly assigned to play one of three versions of a computer game that differed only with regard to game content (violent, peaceful, or abstract game), or to work on a reading task. In the games the environmental context, mouse gestures, and physiological arousal - as indicated by heart rate and skin conductance - were kept constant. In the violent game soldiers had ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Matthias Bluemke, Monika Friedrich, Joerg Zumbach Source Type: journals

Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research suggests that rumination increases anger and aggression. Mindfulness, or present-focused and intentional awareness, may counteract rumination. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relations between mindfulness, rumination, and aggression. In a pair of studies, we found a pattern of correlations consistent with rumination partially mediating a causal link between mindfulness and hostility, anger, and verbal aggression. The pattern was not consistent with rumination mediating the association between mindfulness and physical aggression. Although it is impossible with the current nonexperimental data to...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 22, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ashley Borders, Mitch Earleywine, Archana Jajodia Source Type: journals

Identifying and changing the normative beliefs about aggression which lead young Muslim adults to join extremist anti-Semitic groups in PakistanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two studies investigated the role of beliefs about the acceptability of aggression ("normative beliefs") against Jews in determining who would join an extremist group. In Study 1, students in a university in Pakistan (N=144) completed self-report attitude measures, and were subsequently approached by a confederate who asked whether they wanted to join an extremist anti-Semitic organization. Normative beliefs about aggression against Jews were very strong predictors of whether participants agreed to join. In Study 2, participants (N=92) were experimentally assigned to either a brief educational intervention, designed to imp...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 29, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Naumana Amjad, Alex M. Wood Source Type: journals

Do aggression and rule-breaking have different interpersonal correlates? A study of antisocial behavior subtypes, negative affect, and hostile perceptions of othersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is mounting evidence that physical aggression and nonaggressive, rule-breaking delinquency constitute two separable though correlated subtypes of antisocial behavior. Even so, it remains unclear whether these behavioral subtypes have meaningfully different interpersonal correlates, particularly as they are subsumed within the same broad domain of antisocial behavior. To evaluate this, we examined whether hostile perceptions of others (assessed via exposure to a series of neutral unknown faces) were linked to level and type of antisocial behavior aggression vs. rule-breaking, and moreover, whether this association per...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: S. Alexandra Burt, Amy J. Mikolajewski, Christine L. Larson Source Type: journals

Exploring a taxonomy for aggression against women: can it aid conceptual clarity?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The assessment of aggression against women is demanding primarily because assessment strategies do not share a common language to describe reliably the wide range of forms of aggression women experience. The lack of a common language impairs efforts to describe these experiences, understand causes and consequences of aggression against women, and develop effective intervention and prevention efforts. This review accomplishes two goals. First, it applies a theoretically and empirically based taxonomy to behaviors assessed by existing measurement instruments. Second, it evaluates whether the taxonomy provides a common langua...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah Cook, Dominic Parrott Source Type: journals

Social learning, sexual and physical abuse, and adult crimeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This research examines the relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse and the types of crimes committed by male adult offenders. We use the method of discriminant prediction to determine whether independent and dependent variables are related in ways that theories predict. Our analyses of data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities suggest that offenders model specific behaviors to which they have been exposed. Male offenders who were sexually abused as a child are more likely to commit sexual offenses, particularly sexual offenses against children, than nonsexual offenses. Of...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Richard B. Felson, Kelsea Jo Lane Source Type: journals

When a man hits a woman: moral evaluations and reporting violence to the policeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We use experimental data from a nationally representative sample to examine whether gender and the victim's relationship to the offender affect attitudes about the seriousness of the offense and whether the offense should be reported to the police. We find that respondents are particularly likely to condemn men's assaults on women, and to favor reporting them. The pattern appears to reflect both greater moral condemnation of men's assaults on women and the belief that the victims of these assaults are in greater danger. In general, moral judgments and attitudes toward reporting do not depend on the gender, age, level of ed...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 9, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Richard B. Felson, Scott L. Feld Source Type: journals

Socio-economic, socio-political and socio-emotional variables explaining school bullying: a country-wide multilevel analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Why do some countries, regions and schools have more bullying than others? What socio-economic, socio-political and other larger contextual factors predict school bullying? These open questions inspired this study with 53.316 5th- and 9th-grade students (5% of the national student population in these grades), from 1,000 schools in Colombia. Students completed a national test of citizenship competencies, which included questions about bullying and about families, neighborhoods and their own socio-emotional competencies. We combined these data with community violence and socio-economic conditions of all Colombian municipalit...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - September 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Enrique Chaux, Andrés Molano, Paola Podlesky Source Type: journals

Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9-10 years (N=1,241) and 11-14 years (N=874). Reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors were rated by parents. The stability in reactive aggression was due to genetic and nonshared environmental influences, ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - August 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Catherine Tuvblad, Adrian Raine, Mo Zheng, Laura A. Baker Source Type: journals

Hostility- and gender-related differences in oscillatory responses to emotional facial expressionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the effects of hostility and gender on the perception of angry, neutral, and happy faces and on the oscillatory dynamics of cortical responses elicited by these presentations were investigated using time-frequency decomposition by means of wavelet transforms. Feelings of hostility predisposed subjects to perceive happy and neutral faces as less friendly. This effect was more pronounced in women. In hostile subjects, presentation of emotional facial expressions also evoked stronger posterior synchronization in the theta and diminished desynchronization in the alpha band. This may signify a prevalence of emoti...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - August 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gennady G. Knyazev, Andrey V. Bocharov, Jaroslav Yu. Slobodskoj-Plusnin Source Type: journals

Continuity and change in social and physical aggression from middle childhood through early adolescenceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
For a sample followed from age 9-13 (N=281), this investigation examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression as measured by teacher ratings. Trajectories for both forms of aggression were estimated first separately, then jointly. Mean levels of both social and physical aggression decreased over time for the overall sample, but with high variability of individual trajectories. Subgroups followed high trajectories for both social and physical aggression. Joint estimation yielded six trajectories: low stable, low increasers, medium increasers, medium desisters, high desisters, and high increasers. Me...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - July 21, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marion K. Underwood, Kurt J. Beron, Lisa H. Rosen Source Type: journals

Relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression use in a noncriminal populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Psychopathy has long been associated with increased use of direct aggression and violence, especially among male inmates. Little research has, of yet, considered the relation between psychopathy and indirect forms of aggression. The current research sought to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression in a noncriminal sample. The results indicated that there was a strong relationship between psychopathic traits and indirect aggression, with strong correlations between indirect aggression and both factor 1 (coldheartedness) and factor 3 (impulsive antisociality). This association remained signi...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - July 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gemma C. Warren, Jane Clarbour Source Type: journals

Examining psychopathic tendencies in adolescence from the perspective of personality theoryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study sought to clarify the personality correlates of psychopathic tendencies in adolescents using the Antisocial Process Screening Device [APSD; Frick and Hare, 2001] and a youth adapted version of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire [Patrick et al., 2009, unpublished]. A combination of self- and parent-reports on the APSD (n=229) revealed that the three-facet model of psychopathic tendencies in youth was characterized by a similar constellation of personality traits as the psychopathic construct in adulthood [e.g., Hall, Benning and Patrick, 2004]. Specifically, low anxiety and trait aggression characteri...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - July 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Naomi Sadeh, Edelyn Verona, Shabnam Javdani, Lacy Olson Source Type: journals

Development and validation of the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior QuestionnaireEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is converging evidence that physical aggression, rule-breaking, and social aggression constitute meaningfully distinct, if somewhat overlapping, components of the broader construct of antisocial behavior. Indeed, these subtypes appear to have different developmental trajectories, demographic correlates, and personological underpinnings. They also demonstrate important etiological distinctions. One potential limitation to accumulating additional scientific insights into the correlates and origins of these three types of antisocial behavior is the lack of an efficient self-report assessment in the public domain. We dev...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - July 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: S. Alexandra Burt, M. Brent Donnellan Source Type: journals

The relationship between pain tolerance and trait aggression: effects of sex and gender roleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The literature on pain and aggression has indicated that pain elicits aggression. However, research has generally examined pain as a situational variable and focused less on the dispositional ability of an individual to tolerate pain. The dearth of research on pain tolerance and aggression appears to contradict the existing theory on the aggression-eliciting effect of pain, in that studies have found a positive relationship between pain tolerance and aggression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between pain tolerance and aggression is moderated by sex and whether the positive relationship...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - July 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dennis E. Reidy, Katie Dimmick, Kate MacDonald, Amos Zeichner Source Type: journals

Violent phenotype in SAL mice is inflexible and fixed in adulthoodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed at investigating whether this adulthood violent phenotype as seen previously in the SAL mice is fixed and hence behaviorally inflexible right from day 1 of the experiment or consequential, i.e., subject to gradual change from functional aggression to violence. The functionally hyper-aggressive strains namely TA and NC900 strains served as controls for the study. Methodologically, behavioral (in)flexibility was studied using the overall sequential structure of agonistic behavior. In particular, intra-individual variations in the overall agonistic behavior as well as offensive, pre- and post-offensive behavi...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - June 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Deepa Natarajan, Han de Vries, Sietse F. de Boer, Jaap M. Koolhaas Source Type: journals

School-based integrated and segregated interventions to reduce aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The goal of the study was to assess two types of school-based interventions - a class intervention (integrated) and a small group counseling (segregated) intervention for highly aggressive children - and to determine which is more efficacious in reducing individual and classroom aggression, lessening internalizing and externalizing behavior, and increasing positive classroom relationships. The study, conducted in Israel, included 904 children from 13 schools. In each school, one age level was selected and divided randomly into three experimental conditions: psychoeducational class intervention, small group counseling, and ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - May 24, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zipora Shechtman, Miriam Ifargan Source Type: journals

Effects of physical and verbal aggression, depression, and anxiety on drinking behavior of married partners: a prospective and retrospective longitudinal examinationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is one of the first to examine the change over time in alcohol use for marital partners as related to marital aggression and internalizing symptoms. Our results shed light on areas of marital functioning (aggression, internalizing, alcohol use) that have not been investigated in conjunction with each other in a longitudinal design. Aggr. Behav. 35:1-17, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Aggressive Behavior)
Source: Aggressive Behavior - May 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Margaret K. Keiley, Peggy S. Keller, Mona El-Sheikh Source Type: journals

Rough-and-tumble play and the regulation of aggression: an observational study of father-child play dyadsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study addressed the hypothesis that the frequency of father-child RTP is related to the frequency of physically aggressive behavior in early childhood. This relationship was expected to be moderated by the dominance relationship between father and son during play. Eighty-five children between the ages of 2 and 6 years were videotaped during a free-play session with their fathers in their homes and questionnaire data was collected about father-child RTP frequency during the past year. The play dyads were rated for the degree to which the father dominated play interactions. A significant statistical interaction revealed...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - May 10, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joseph L. Flanders, Vanessa Leo, Daniel Paquette, Robert O. Pihl, Jean R. Séguin Source Type: journals

Case study of a one-sided attack by multiple troop members on a nontroop adolescent male and the death of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An adolescent wild male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), following Kinkazan A troop, was attacked one-sidedly by multiple members of the troop. The victim was identified as PI, and was estimated to be seven±one year old. The aggressive interaction was recorded by video camera until the end. Although at least 16 troop members approached PI more than once, only three males (one adult, two adolescents) of A troop attacked him. PI kept crouching throughout the attack, then escaped to the shore and dived into the sea. The interaction continued for more than one hour. PI was found dead a few hours after the end of interaction...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - May 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Masaki Shimada, Takeharu Uno, Naofumi Nakagawa, Shiho Fujita, Kosei Izawa Source Type: journals

Toward a refined view of aggressive fantasy as a risk factor for aggression: interaction effects involving cognitive and situational variablesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Over three decades of research have established a positive connection between fantasizing about aggression and enacting aggression. Such findings have provided strong evidence against the catharsis view of aggressive fantasy. However, little attention has been paid to the potentially nuanced nature of the link between fantasy aggression and actual aggression. In the present article, we examined the influence of four variables in the aggressive fantasy-aggressive behavior link: gender, exposure to violence, fantasy absorption, and level of fantasy about harm befalling loved ones and the self (dysphoric fantasy). Using data ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - April 18, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Craig E. Smith, Kurt W. Fischer, Malcolm W. Watson Source Type: journals

Personality traits and endocrine response as possible asymmetry factors of agonistic outcome in karate athletesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, personality traits might be an important factor asymmetry between athletes influencing both the probability of winning or losing an agonistic interaction and the different anticipatory endocrine response to the incipient fight. Aggr. Behav. 35:1-10, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Aggressive Behavior)
Source: Aggressive Behavior - April 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stefano Parmigiani, Harold Dadomo, Alessandro Bartolomucci, Paul F. Brain, Andrea Carbucicchio, Cosimo Costantino, Pier F. Ferrari, Paola Palanza, Riccardo Volpi Source Type: journals

Group membership, group norms, empathy, and young children's intentions to aggressEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed the effect of ingroup norms and empathy on 6 and 9-year-old children's (N=161) attitudes and aggressive intentions toward outgroup members. Prior to an intergroup drawing competition against an outgroup, participants' empathy was measured, and they were randomly assigned to a simulated group with a norm of direct or indirect aggression, or no aggression norm. Results indicated participants' attitudes were less positive toward the outgroup vs. the ingroup, and that both direct and indirect aggressive intentions were displayed toward the outgroup. Most importantly, the ingroup was liked less when it had a...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - March 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Drew Nesdale, Ella Milliner, Amanda Duffy, Judith A. Griffiths Source Type: journals

Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a gr...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - March 23, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: J. P. Maxwell, A. J. Visek Source Type: journals

Effects of sex, status, and mating cues on expected aggressive responsesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of sex, status, and mating cues on expected aggression was examined via three scenario-based studies in which participants imagined themselves in a situation with a same-sex instigator of a provocation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a scenario, which included one of two levels of status of instigator (high, low), one of two levels of attractiveness of the instigator (unattractive, attractive), and one of two levels of provocation (apology, insult). Sex and dispositional aggressivity were also included in a full factorial design. Based on evolutionary psychology ideas, we anticipated that status ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - March 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heather K. Terrell, Julie A. Patock-Peckham, Craig T. Nagoshi Source Type: journals

Male-male combats in a polymorphic lizard: residency and size, but not color, affect fighting rules and contest outcomeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we staged asymmetric resident-intruder encounters in males of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis, a species showing three discrete morphs (white, yellow, and red) to investigate the effects of asymmetries in color morph, residency, and size between contestants on the outcome of territorial contests. We collected aggression data by presenting each resident male with three intruders of different color morph, in three consecutive tests conducted in different days, and videotaping their interactions. The results showed that simple rules such as residency and body size differences could determine the outcome...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - March 16, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Roberto Sacchi, Fabio Pupin, Augusto Gentilli, Diego Rubolini, Stefano Scali, Mauro Fasola, Paolo Galeotti Source Type: journals

Effects of realism on extended violent and nonviolent video game play on aggressive thoughts, feelings, and physiological arousalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compared the effects that playing a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min has on such variables. For the purpose of this study, realism was defined as the probability of seeing an event in real life. Participants (N=74; 39 male, 35 female) played either a realistic violent, unrealistic violent, or nonviolent video game for 45 min. Aggressive thoughts and aggressive feelings were measured four times (every 15 min), whereas arousal was measured continuously. The results showed that, though playing any violent game stimulated aggressive thoughts, playing a more realistic violen...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - March 15, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christopher P. Barlett, Christopher Rodeheffer Source Type: journals

How long do the short-term violent video game effects last?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
How long do the effects of the initial short-term increase in aggression and physiological arousal last after violent video game play? Study 1 (N=91) had participants complete pre- and postvideo game measures of aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and heart rate. Then, participants completed Time 3 measures after 4 min or 9 min of delay. Study 2 employed a similar procedure, but had participants (N=91) complete the hot sauce paradigm to assess aggressive behavior after a 0, 5, or 10 min delay. First, results indicated that aggressive feelings, aggressive thoughts, aggressive behavior, and heart rate initially increas...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - February 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christopher Barlett, Omar Branch, Christopher Rodeheffer, Richard Harris Source Type: journals

Continuity of aggression from childhood to early adulthood as a predictor of life outcomes: implications for the adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent modelsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using data from the Columbia County Longitudinal Study, a 40-year longitudinal study following an entire county's population of third-grade students from age 8 to 48, we examine questions about the long-term consequences of aggressive and antisocial behavior in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We found moderate levels of continuity of aggression from age 8 to 48 both for males and for females. Contrary to what some have proposed, we found that continuity of aggressiveness is owing to not only the high-aggressive participants staying high but also owing to the low-aggressive participants staying low. Compared wi...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - February 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: L. Rowell Huesmann, Eric F. Dubow, Paul Boxer Source Type: journals

Life success of males on nonoffender, adolescence-limited, persistent, and adult-onset antisocial pathways: follow-up from age 8 to 42Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A random sample of 196 males, drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, was divided into four groups of offenders using information from government registers of convictions between ages 21 and 47, from local police registers searched at age 21, from a Self-Report Delinquency Scale administered at age 36, from a Life History Calendar for ages 15-42, and from personal interviews at ages 27, 36, and 42. The groups were: persistent offenders (offences before and after age 21; 29% of the men); adolescence-limited offenders (offences before age 21; 27%); adult-onset offenders (offences ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - February 1, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lea Pulkkinen, Anna-Liisa Lyyra, Katja Kokko Source Type: journals

Predictors and outcomes of persistent or age-limited registered criminal behavior: a 30-year longitudinal study of a Swedish urban populationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study uses data from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation, where an entire school-grade cohort of children in a middle-size Swedish city (n[sim]1.300) has been followed from ages 10 to 43 and 48 for women and men, respectively. Our findings indicate that the patterns of offending across the life-course differ between genders, where males seem to initiate their offending earlier than females. Further, there are very few women on a persistent offending-trajectory. Focusing on precursors to as well as consequences of offending as indexed in official registers, our results indicate that ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - January 30, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lars R. Bergman, Anna-Karin Andershed Source Type: journals

Development of adolescence-limited, late-onset, and persistent offenders from age 8 to age 48Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article investigates the life success at ages 32 and 48 of four categories of males: nonoffenders, adolescence-limited offenders (convicted only at ages 10-20), late-onset offenders (convicted only at ages 21-50), and persistent offenders (convicted at both ages 10-20 and 21-50). In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 South London males have been followed up from age 8 to 48 in repeated personal interviews. There was considerable continuity in offending over time. Persistent offenders had the longest criminal careers (averaging 18.4 years), and most of them had convictions for violence. Persistent offen...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - January 27, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David P. Farrington, Maria M. Ttofi, Jeremy W. Coid Source Type: journals

Desensitization to media violence over a short period of timeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the desensitization to violence over a short period of time. Participants watched nine violent movie scenes and nine comedy scenes, and reported whether they enjoyed the violent or comedy scenes and whether they felt sympathetic toward the victim of violence. Using latent growth modeling, analyses were carried out to investigate how participants responded to the different scenes across time. The findings of this study suggested that repeated exposure to media violence reduces the psychological impact of media violence in the short term, therefore desensitizing viewers to media violence. As a result,...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - January 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kostas A. Fanti, Eric Vanman, Christopher C. Henrich, Marios N. Avraamides Source Type: journals

Introduction: the unusualness and contribution of life span longitudinal studies of aggressive and criminal behaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No Abstract (Source: Aggressive Behavior)
Source: Aggressive Behavior - January 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David P. Farrington, Lea Pulkkinen Source Type: journals

Reduction of appeasement-related affect as a concomitant of diazepam-induced aggression: evidence for a link between aggression and the expression of self-conscious emotionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aggressive responding following benzodiazepine ingestion has been recorded in both experimental and client populations, however, the mechanism responsible for this outcome is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify an affective concomitant linked to diazepam-induced aggression that might be responsible for this relationship. Thirty males (15 diazepam and 15 placebo) participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm while covertly being videotaped. The videotapes were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System with the goal of identifying facial expression differences between the two groups. Relative to placebo par...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - December 18, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Patricia S. Wallace, Stuart P. Taylor Source Type: journals

Cross-sectional study of violence in emerging adulthoodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Theories of emerging adulthood, the evolutionary perspective, and the presence of turning points in the lives of 19-25-year olds were examined in relation to serious perpetrated violence for a cross-sectional sample of men and women (n=14,098) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), Wave III. Perpetrated, self-reported violence included armed robbery, gang fighting, using a weapon in a fight, pulling a knife or gun on someone, or shooting or stabbing someone. Results showed that 11.3% of emergent adults had perpetrated at least one of these behaviors in the past year. Hierarchical logistic r...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - December 11, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robert F. Marcus Source Type: journals

Androgen dynamics in the context of children's peer relations: an examination of the links between testosterone and peer victimizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined testosterone levels in relation to peer victimization (bullying) in a sample of 151 boys and girls aged 12-13. Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone and verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their nonbullied counterparts. Similar trends were evident comparing social and physical bullying with testosterone. Sex differences are discussed in terms of empirically validated differences in coping styles, as girls tend to internalize, whereas boys tend to externalize, their abuse. Aggr. Behav. 3...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tracy Vaillancourt, Denys deCatanzaro, Eric Duku, Cameron Muir Source Type: journals

Exposure to violent video games and aggression in German adolescents: a longitudinal analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationship between exposure to violent electronic games and aggressive cognitions and behavior was examined in a longitudinal study. A total of 295 German adolescents completed the measures of violent video game usage, endorsement of aggressive norms, hostile attribution bias, and physical as well as indirect/relational aggression cross-sectionally, and a subsample of N=143 was measured again 30 months later. Cross-sectional results at T1 showed a direct relationship between violent game usage and aggressive norms, and an indirect link to hostile attribution bias through aggressive norms. In combination, exposure to ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 19, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ingrid Möller, Barbara Krahé Source Type: journals

Aggressive and prosocial children's emotion attributions and moral reasoningEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
were investigated. Participants were 235 kindergarten children (M=6.2 years) and 136 elementary-school children (M=7.6 years) who were selected as aggressive or prosocial based on (kindergarten) teacher ratings. The children were asked to evaluate hypothetical rule violations, attribute emotions they would feel in the role of the victimizer, and justify their responses. Compared with younger prosocial children, younger aggressive children attributed fewer negative emotions and were more likely to provide sanction-oriented justifications when evaluating rule violations negatively. Furthermore, age-, gender- and context-eff...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 5, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tina Malti, Luciano Gasser, Marlis Buchmann Source Type: journals

Relationships between individualism-collectivism, gender, and direct or indirect aggression: a study in China, Poland, and the USEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Direct and indirect aggression were studied in college students from China (women n=122; men n=97), a highly collectivistic culture; the US (women n=137; men n=136), a highly individualistic culture; and Poland (women n=105; men n=119), a culture with intermediate levels of collectivism and individualism. Consistent with a hypothesis derived from national differences in relative levels of collectivism and individualism, both direct and indirect aggression were higher in the US than in Poland and higher in Poland than in China. The theoretical implication of these results and directions for future research were discussed. A...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 4, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gordon Forbes, Xiaoying Zhang, Krystyna Doroszewicz, Kelly Haas Source Type: journals

Countries with fewer males have more violent crime: marriage markets and mating aggressionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Violent crimes (murders, rapes, and assaults) are substantially higher in countries with a relative scarcity of men according to research using INTERPOL data [Barber, 2000a]. This is a paradox given that males are more criminally violent and likely reflects increased direct mating competition. The present research sought to confirm and extend Barber's [2000a] finding, using murder data from the United Nations and homicides from World Health Organization that are of higher quality than the INTERPOL data, and using more rigorous controls. In addition to level of economic development, control variables included, income inequa...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - November 4, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nigel Barber Source Type: journals

Does cost-benefit analysis or self-control predict involvement in bullying behavior by male prisoners?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The main aim of this study is to assess whether lack of self-control or the perceived costs and benefits of aggression provide the better predictors of bullying behavior and victimization, and direct aggression perpetration, in a sample of 122 male British prisoners. We also assessed whether bullying was associated with height and weight. Zero-order correlations showed that perceived benefits, self-control, and perceived costs were most closely associated with perpetration of bullying, and that lack of self-control was weakly associated with victimization. Height and weight were unrelated to bullying or victimization. In a...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John Archer, Natalie Southall Source Type: journals

Analysis of recent incidents of on-field violence in sport: legal decisions and additional considerations from psychologyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article focuses on two recent incidents of serious on-field violence in sports and the legal consequences for those involved. The two incidents occurred in Dutch football (soccer) and became infamous owing to the nature of the violent incidents and widespread media coverage. The legal outcomes of these two incidents are described, and some of the difficulties that legal authorities face in considering assaults on the sports field are discussed. A new way of categorizing such violent incidents and the motivation behind them, based on an established psychological theory [reversal theory, Apter, 1982, 2001] is proposed. ...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John H. Kerr Source Type: journals

Y haplogroups and aggressive behavior in a Pakistani ethnic groupEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Studies show that personality dimensions such as aggression are influenced by genetic factors and that allelic variants located on the Y chromosome influence such behavior. We investigated polymorphisms on the male-specific region of the human Y chromosome in 156 unrelated males from the same ethnic background, who were administered the Punjabi translation of the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire that measures four aspects that constitute aggressive behavior, i.e. physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. A value of .85 for Cronbach's coefficient [alpha] indicates considerable internal consistency...
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: S. Shoaib Shah, Q. Ayub, S. Firasat, F. Kaiser, S. Q. Mehdi Source Type: journals

Social status and shaming experiences related to adolescent overt aggression at schoolEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study confirms the importance of further evaluation of the role of perceived social status and shaming experiences in the understanding of aggressive behavior. Moreover, the results indicate the need for different kinds of status measures when investigating the associations between status and behavior in adolescent populations. The results may have important implications for the prevention of bullying at school as well as other deviant aggressive behavior among adolescents. Aggr. Behav. 34:1-13, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Aggressive Behavior)
Source: Aggressive Behavior - October 17, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cecilia Åslund, Bengt Starrin, Jerzy Leppert, Kent W. Nilsson Source Type: journals