School racial composition, effect modification by caring teacher/staff presence, and mid/late-life depressive symptoms: findings from the Study of Healthy Aging among African Americans
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 17:kwae050. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae050. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor Black students in the United States, attending schools with a higher proportion of White students is associated with worse mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence/early adulthood. No prior studies evaluate K-12 school racial composition and later-life mental health. In a cohort of Black adults ages 50+ in Northern California who retrospectively self-reported school racial composition for grades 1, 6, 9, and 12, we assessed the association between attending a school with mostly Black students vs. not and mid/late-life...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 18, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Taylor M Mobley Eleanor Hayes-Larson Yingyan Wu Rachel L Peterson Kristen M George Paola Gilsanz M Maria Glymour Marilyn D Thomas Lisa L Barnes Rachel A Whitmer Elizabeth Rose Mayeda Source Type: research
Inflammatory, Metabolic and Endothelial Biomarkers Before and After Pregnancy Complications
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 17:kwae053. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae053. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and preterm birth (PTB) have excess cardiovascular disease compared to those with uncomplicated births, perhaps related to pre-pregnancy inflammation, dysmetabolism or endothelial dysfunction. We included 1238 women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (1985-2011) with 2215 births classified according to outcomes (term, uncomplicated births were the referent). Repeated measures ANOVA estimated pre-pregnancy, post-preg...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 18, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Baiyang Sun Erica P Gunderson Marnie Bertolet Samia H Lopa Samantha G Bryan Cora E Lewis Janet M Catov Source Type: research
Joint Effects of Indoor Air Pollution and Maternal Psychosocial Factors During Pregnancy on Trajectories of Early Childhood Psychopathology
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and psychosocial factors was associated with internalizing and externalizing child behavior trajectories. Understanding joint effects of adverse exposure mixtures will facilitate targeted interventions to prevent childhood psychopathology.PMID:38634620 | DOI:10.1093/aje/kwae046 (Source: Am J Epidemiol)
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 18, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Grace M Christensen Michele Marcus Aneesa Vanker Stephanie M Eick Susan Malcolm-Smith Shakira F Suglia Howard H Chang Heather J Zar Dan J Stein Anke H üls Source Type: research
A call for sex-positive epidemiology
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 17:kwae054. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae054. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization specifies that sexual health requires the potential for pleasurable and safe sexual experiences. Yet epidemiologic research into sexual pleasure and other positive sexual outcomes has been scant. In this commentary, we aim to support the development and adoption of sex-positive epidemiology, which we define as epidemiology that incorporates the study of pleasure and other positive features alongside sexually transmitted infections and other familiar negative outcomes. We first call epidemiologists' att...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 18, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Julia C Bond Jessie V Ford Source Type: research
The Role of Multiple Birth and Birth Complications in the Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Conception and Autism Diagnosis
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 15:kwae049. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae049. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn recent decades, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased rapidly. To assess the relationship between ART and autism diagnosis, we linked California birth records from 2000 through 2016 with contemporaneous records from the National ART Surveillance System (NASS) and autism caseload records from California's Department of Developmental Services from 2000 through November 2019. All 95,149 birth records that were successfully linked to a NASS record, indicating an ART birth, were matched 1:1 using propensity ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 17, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alix S Winter Anthony K Yartel Christine Fountain Keely Cheslack-Postava Yujia Zhang Laura A Schieve Dmitry M Kissin Peter Bearman Source Type: research
Indicators of cure for women living after uterine and ovarian cancers: a population-based study
This study aims to estimate long-term survival, cancer prevalence, and several cure indicators for Italian women with gynaecological cancers. Thirty-one cancer registries, representing 47% of the Italian female population, were included. Mixture cure models were used to estimate Net Survival (NS), Cure Fraction, Time To Cure (5-year conditional NS>95%), Cure Prevalence (women who will not die of cancer), and Already Cured (living longer than Time to Cure). In 2018, 0.4% (121,704) of Italian women were alive after corpus uteri cancer, 0.2% (52,551) after cervical, and 0.2% (52,153) after ovarian cancer. More than 90% of ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 17, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Fabiola Giudici Angela De Paoli Federica Toffolutti Stefano Guzzinati Silvia Francisci Lauro Bucchi Gemma Gatta Elena Demuru Sandra Mallone Antonella Dal Cin Adele Caldarella Francesco Cuccaro Enrica Migliore Maria Letizia Gambino Alessandra Ravaioli Anto Source Type: research
Even worse for Black girls: the longitudinal association of racial bullying with the initiation of alcohol and tobacco use
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 15:kwae047. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae047. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWe used Poisson's linear regression to examine the association between racial bullying (RB) and the initiation of alcohol and tobacco uses after nine months. Two cluster randomized controlled trials were conducted in 2019 with fifth (girls: 50.0%; 10 years old: 82.0%; White: 36.8%; Black: 58.7%; Others: 4.5%) and seventh graders (girls: 49.5%; 12 years old: 78.1%; White: 33.2%; Black: 60.4%; Others: 6.4%) from 30 public schools in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. We restricted our analyzes on two subsets of students in each ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 17, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alessandra A S Menezes Zila M Sanchez Marcelo Demarzo Leandro F M Rezende Richard Miskolci Source Type: research
Variable Selection When Estimating Effects in External Target Populations
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 15:kwae048. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae048. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExternal validity is an important part of epidemiologic research. To validly estimate effects in specific external target populations using a chosen effect measure (i.e., "transport"), some methods require that one account for all effect measure modifiers [EMMs]. However, little is known about how including other variables that are not EMMs (i.e., non-EMMs) in adjustment sets impacts estimates. Using simulations, we evaluated how inclusion of non-EMMs affected estimation of the transported risk difference (RD) by assessing impacts ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 17, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Michael Webster-Clark Rachael K Ross Alexander P Keil Robert W Platt Source Type: research
Influence of Incomplete Death Information on Cumulative Risk Estimates in United States Claims Data
We examined 1-, 3-, and 5-year inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted cumulative risks of a composite cardiovascular outcome among 34,527 initiators of telmisartan (exposure) and ramipril (referent) ages ≥55 in Optum claims from 2003 to 2020. Differences in cumulative risks of the cardiovascular endpoint due to censoring of death (cause-specific), as compared to treating death as a competing event (sub-distribution), increased with greater follow-up time and older age, where event and mortality risks were higher. Among ramipril users (selected results), 5-year cause-specific and sub-distribution cumulative risk estima...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Julie Barberio Ashley I Naimi Rachel E Patzer Christopher Kim Rohini K Hernandez M Alan Brookhart David Gilbertson Brian D Bradbury Timothy L Lash Source Type: research
Internal validation of gestational age estimation algorithms in healthcare databases using pregnancies conceived with fertility procedures
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae045. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae045. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFertility procedures recorded in healthcare databases can be used to estimate the start of pregnancy, which can serve as a reference standard to validate gestational age estimates based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. In a cohort of 17,398 pregnancies conceived by fertility procedures in MarketScan (2011-2020), we estimated gestational age at the end of pregnancy using algorithms based on (1) days since fertility procedure (the reference); (2) ICD-9/ICD-10 (before/after October 2015) codes indicating gestati...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yu-Han Chiu Krista F Huybrechts Yanmin Zhu Loreen Straub Brian T Bateman Roger Logan Sonia Hern ández-Díaz Source Type: research
Toward a clearer understanding of what works to reduce gun violence: the role of falsification strategies
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae036. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae036. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStrong epidemiologic evidence from ecologic and individual-level studies in the United States supports the claim that access to firearms substantially increases the risk of dying by suicide, homicide, and firearm accidents. Less certain is how well particular interventions work to prevent these deaths and other firearm-related harms. Given the limits of existing data to study firearm violence, and the infeasibility of conducting randomized trials of firearm access, it is important to do the best we can with the data we already have....
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sonja A Swanson Matthew Miller Source Type: research
The Impact of Adjusting for Hysterectomy Prevalence on Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Among Women Aged 30 Years and Older - United States, 2001-2019
In this study, we estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to remove the women who were not at risk of cervical cancer from the denominator and combined these estimates with the United States Cancer Statistics data. From these data, we calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates for women aged >30 years from 2001-2019, adjusted for hysterectomy prevalence. We calculated the difference between unadjusted and adjusted incidence rates and examined trends by histology, age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region using Joinpoint regression. The hysterec...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sameer V Gopalani George F Sawaya Anne F Rositch Sabitha Dasari Trevor D Thompson Jacqueline M Mix Mona Saraiya Source Type: research
Multigenerational Association Between Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Nation-Wide Prospective Cohort Study
We examined the risk of grandchild autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with grandmother smoking during pregnancy, using data from 53,562 mothers and grandmothers, and 120,267 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II using nurse reporting in 1999 of her mother's smoking. Grandchildren's ASD diagnoses were reported by the mothers in 2005 and 2009. Among grandmothers, 13,383 (25.0%) smoked during pregnancy, and 509 (0.4%) grandchildren were diagnosed with ASD. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ASD for grandmother smoking during pregnancy was 1.52 (95% confidence limit [CI]: 1.06, 2.20). Results were similar with ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Gyeyoon Yim Andrea Roberts Kristen Lyall Alberto Ascherio Marc G Weisskopf Source Type: research
Methodological examination of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Weights were incorporated for each Score component; a continuous point scale was developed in place of the Score's fully discrete cut-points; and cut-point values were changed for physical activity and red meat based on evidence-based recommendations. Exploratory aims also examined the impact of separa...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marissa M Shams-White E Christi Thompson Raymond J Carroll Jill Reedy Source Type: research
Implementation impact assessment of Uber System on mortality from traffic injuries in Brazilian capitals
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae043. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae043. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid expansion of Uber System and e-hailing apps has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. The present work aims at evaluating the impact of Uber System on the traffic injury mortality (TI) in implementation in Brazilian capitals. A quasi-experimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analised. The date of availability of Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered as the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortal...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Érika Carvalho de Aquino Renato Rodrigues Silva Otaliba Lib ânio de Morais Neto Source Type: research
