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Calorie restriction increases fatty acid synthesis and whole body fat oxidation rates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and retards the development of many chronic diseases, but the underlying metabolic signals are poorly understood. Increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reduced FA synthesis have been hypothesized to be important metabolic adaptations to CR. At metabolic steady state, however, FA oxidation must match FA intake plus synthesis; moreover, FA intake is low, not high, during CR. It is therefore not clear how FA dynamics are altered during CR. Accordingly, we measured food intake patterns, whole-body fuel selection, endogenous FA synthesis and gene expression in mice on CR. Withi...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bruss MD, Khambatta CF, Ruby MA, Aggarwal I, Hellerstein MK Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Skeletal Muscle NAMPT is Induced by Exercise in Humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In mammals, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is responsible for the first and rate-limiting step in the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). NAD(+) is an obligate co-substrate for mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a deacetylase which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), which in turn can activate mitochondrial biogenesis. Given that mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by exercise, we hypothesized that exercise would increase NAMPT expression, as a potential mechanism leading to increased mitochondrial content in muscl...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Costford SR, Bajpeyi S, Pasarica M, Albarado DC, Thomas SC, Xie H, Church T, Jubrias SA, Conley KE, Smith SR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Potential role of autophagy in modulation of lipid metabolism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway(s) by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes. It is largely implicated in determining cell death and survival, because it eliminates un-necessary, damaged, and/or potentially harmful cellular products and organelles, and is an important source for nutrients and energy production under conditions of external nutrient deficiency. As such, autophagy has been suggested to contribute to the regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism during fasting. Recently, three papers implicated a role for autophagy in cellular lipid metabolism as well. This perspec...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kovsan J, Bashan N, Greenberg A, Rudich A Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

AICAR and metformin, but not exercise, increase muscle glucose transport through AMPK- , ERK- and PDK1-dependent activation of atypical PKC.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Activators of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK, and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms. Here, in cultured L6-myotubes: AICAR- and metformin-induced activation of AMPK was required for activation of aPKC and ERK; aPKC activation involved and required phosphoinositide kinase-dependent-1 (PDK1) phosphorylation of thr-410-PKC-zeta; aPKC thr-410 phosphorylation and activation also required MEK1-dependent ERK; and glucose transport effects of AICAR and metf...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sajan MP, Bandyopadhyay G, Miura A, Standaert M, Nimal S, Longnus SL, Van Obberghen E, Hainault I, Foufelle F, Kahn CR, Braun U, Leitges M, Farese RV Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Deficiency of Electron Transport Chain in Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. The total activity of NADH-oxidase in biopsy for lean group is significantly higher than corresponding activity for obese or T2DM cohort. The specific activity of NADH-oxidase (per mg cardiolipin) and NADH-oxidase/citrate synthase and NADH-oxidase/beta-HAD ratios are reduced by 2-3 folds in both T2DM and obesity. PMID: 19887598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 3, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ritov VB, Menshikova EV, Azuma K, Wood RJ, Toledo FG, Goodpaster BH, Ruderman NB, Kelley DE Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR{gamma}) regulates the expression and Function of very low density lipoprotein receptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the role of PPARgamma in the regulation of VLDLR expression and function in vivo and in vitro. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the levels of VLDLR protein and mRNA increased in parallel to the induction of PPARgamma expression, and reached a maximum in mature adipocyte. Treatment of differentiated adipocytes with PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone upregulated VLDLR expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. In contrast, specific inhibition of PPARgamma significantly downregulated the protein level of VLDLR. Induction of VLDLR is also demonstrated in vivo in adipose t...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tao H, Aakula S, Abumrad NN, Hajri T Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Interactions Between Neurotensin and GnRH Neurons in the Positive Feedback Control of GnRH/LH Secretion in the Mouse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In female mammals, increased ovarian estradiol (E(2)) secretion triggers GnRH release from neurons in the basal forebrain, which drives LH secretion from the pituitary and subsequently induces ovulation; however, the neural circuits that activate this preovulatory GnRH/LH surge remain unidentified. Neurotensin is expressed in neurons of the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), a region thought to be critical for generating the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge. E(2) induces neurotensin (Nts) gene expression in this region, and blockade of neurotensin signaling reduces the LH surge in the rat. We postulated that neuro...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dungan Lemko HM, Naderi R, Adjan V, Jennes L, Navarro VM, Clifton D, Steiner RA Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Apelin's effects on glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation are in part mediated by a Gi and AMPK-dependent pathway. PMID: 19861585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yue P, Jin H, Aillaud-Manzanera M, Deng AC, Azuma J, Asagami T, Kundu RK, Reaven GM, Quertermous T, Tsao PS Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Endocrine pulse identification using penalized methods and a minimum set of assumptions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The detection of hormone secretion episodes is important for understanding normal and abnormal endocrine functioning, but pulse identification from hormones measured with short interval sampling is challenging. Furthermore, to obtain useable results, the model underlying hormone secretion and clearance must be augmented with restrictions based on biologically acceptable assumptions. Here, using the assumption that there are only a few time points at which a hormone is secreted, we used a modern penalized nonlinear least squares setup to select the number of secretion events. We did not assume a particular shape or freq...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vis DJ, Westerhuis JA, Hoefsloot HC, Pijl H, Roelfsema F, van der Greef J, Smilde AK Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Constitutively active calcineurin in skeletal muscle increases endurance performance and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion our results provide evidence to support the hypothesis that calcineurin activation in skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial oxidative function and energy substrate storage, which contributes to enhanced endurance exercise performance. These adaptive changes occur as a consequence of a life-long expression of a constitutively active calcineurin and mimic the response to chronic endurance training. PMID: 19861587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jiang LQ, Garcia-Roves P, de Castro Barbosa T, Zierath JR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

The effect of different patterns of growth hormone administration on the IGF axis, somatic and skeletal growth of the dwarf rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that aspects of growth are improved following introduction of infradian variation to GH treatment in a GH-deficient model. The data suggest that varying the pattern of GH doses administered to children may enhance growth performance without increasing the overall GH dose. PMID: 19861588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Westwood M, Maqsood AR, Solomon M, Whatmore AJ, Davis JR, Baxter RC, Gevers EF, Robinson IC, Clayton PE Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +30 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/10/01PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - October 1, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

VLDL-TG kinetics: a dual isotope study for quantifying VLDL-TG pool size, production rates and fractional oxidation in humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Very-low-density-lipoproteins (VLDLs) are large, complex particles containing surface proteins (e.g. ApoB100) and core lipids (e.g. cholesterol and triglycerides). Whereas ApoB100 kinetics has been thoroughly studied, accurate measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics has proven difficult due to either complex mathematics or laborious procedures. The present study was therefore designed to measure VLDL-TG kinetics by dual isotope ex-vivo labeled VLDL-TG tracers and well established kinetics equations (bolus injection or the primed-continuous infusion). Ten healthy caucasian men (age 23+/-3 years (mean+/-SD), BMI 24.7+/-1.3kg/m(2...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - September 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sorensen L, Gormsen L, Nielsen S Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

A Regulatory Role of LPCAT1 in the Synthesis of Inflammatory Lipids, PAF and LPC, in the Retina of Diabetic Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Platelet activation factor (PAF) and lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC) are potent inflammatory lipids. Elevated levels of PAF and LPC are associated with the onset of diabetic retinopathy and neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such defects remain elusive. LPCAT1 is a newly reported lysophospholipid acyltransferase implicated in anti-inflammatory response by converting LPC to PC. Intriguingly, the LPCAT1 enzyme also catalyzes the synthesis of PAF from lyso-PAF using acetyl-CoA as a substrate. The present studies investigated regulatory roles of LPCAT1 in the synthesis of inflammatory lipids duri...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - September 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cheng L, Han X, Shi Y Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

USP19 Deubiquitinating Enzyme Regulates Levels of Major Myofibrillar Proteins in L6 Muscle Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins that occurs in muscle wasting. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of enzymes mediating conjugation of ubiquitin. However, little is known about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes. We previously showed that the USP19 deubiquitinating enzyme is induced in atrophying skeletal muscle (Combaret et al. Amer. J. Physiol. 2005; 288: E693-E700). To further explore the role of USP19, we used siRNA in L6 muscle cells. Lowering USP19 by 70-90% in myotubes resulted in a 20% decrease in the rate of proteolysis and an 18% ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - September 21, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sundaram P, Pang Z, Miao M, Yu L, Wing S Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Effects of hormone-sensitive lipase-disruption on cardiac energy metabolism in response to fasting and refeeding.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased fatty acid (FA) flux and intracellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) give rise to cardiac lipotoxicity in both pathological and physiological conditions. Since hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) contributes to intracellular lipolysis in adipose tissue and heart, we investigated the impact of HSL-disruption on cardiac energy metabolism in response to fasting and refeeding. HSL-knockout (KO) mice and wildtype (Wt) littermates were fasted for 24 h followed by ~6 h of refeeding. Plasma FA concentration in Wt mice was elevated 2-fold with fasting, while KO mice lacked this elevation, resulting in 2-fold lower cardiac...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Suzuki J, Ueno M, Uno M, Hirose Y, Zenimaru Y, Takahashi S, Osuga JI, Ishibashi S, Takahashi M, Hirose M, Yamada M, Kraemer FB, Miyamori I Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Editorial: The Search for the Membrane Thyroid Hormone Receptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The 2009, Solomon Berson Award Lecture was delivered by Paul Davis, Director of the Ordway Research Institute in Albany, New York. In his invited review (5), which appears in this issue of the journal, Dr. Davis presents a compelling argument for the identity of the membrane thyroid hormone receptor, its signaling cascades and the physiologic importance of that hormone-receptor interaction. PMID: 19706783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Samson WK Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Adipose Tissue Function and Dysfunction: Organ Cross-Talk and Metabolic Risk.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
N/A. Key words: adipose tissue, visceral, cytokines, stem cells. PMID: 19706784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Giorgino F Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Comparison between Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Sensitivity/Resistance and Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp Estimates in Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Assessing insulin resistance in rodent models gives insight into mechanisms that cause type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp, the reference standard for measuring insulin sensitivity in humans and animals, is labor intensive and technically demanding. A number of simple surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity/resistance have been developed and validated primarily for use in large human studies. These same surrogates are also frequently used in rodent studies. However, in general, these indexes have not been rigorously evaluated in animals. In a recent validation stud...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Muniyappa R, Chen H, Muzumdar R, Einstein FH, Yan X, Yue LQ, Barzilai N, Quon MJ Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin resistant mouse models----Association with liver and adipose tissue effects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recombinant FGF21 has anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity effects in diabetic rodent and monkey models. Previous studies were confined to measuring steady state effects of FGF21 following subchronic or chronic administration. The current study focuses on the kinetics of biological actions of FGF21 following a single injection, and on the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying FGF21 actions. We show that FGF21 resulted in rapid decline of blood glucose levels and immediate improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in two animal models of insulin resistance (i.e., ob/ob and ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Xu J, Stanislaus S, Chinookoswong N, Lau YY, Hager T, Patel J, Ge H, Weiszmann J, Lu SC, Graham M, Busby J, Hecht R, Li YS, Li Y, Lindberg RA, Véniant MM Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Impact of type 1 diabetes on cardiac fibroblast activation: enhanced cell cycle progression and reduced myofibroblast content in the diabetic myocardium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diabetic patients are prone to developing myocardial fibrosis and suffer from decreased wound healing capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes alters cardiac fibroblast activity in the myocardium in a 6 week streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model. In vivo echocardiography indicated significant dilation of the left ventricle (LV) in the diabetic animals, while cardiac function was comparable to the normal group. We isolated cardiac fibroblasts from diabetic and control hearts and observed increased proliferation of the diabetic fibroblasts. Microarray analysis using mRNA collected ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shamhart PE, Luther DJ, Hodson BR, Koshy JC, Ohanyan V, Meszaros JG Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Differential efficacy of sstr1, 2 and 5 agonists in the inhibition of c6 glioma growth in nude mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFICACY OF SSTR1, 2 AND 5 AGONISTS IN THE INHIBITION OF C6 GLIOMA GROWTH IN NUDE MICE. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Aug 25; Authors: Barbieri F, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Aiello C, Quintero A, Lunardi G, Bajetto A, Ferrari A, Culler MD, Florio T Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) mediate antiproliferative effects. In C6 rat glioma cells, somatostatin is cytostatic in vitro via phosphotyrosine phosphatase-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2 activity, mediated by SSTR1, 2 and 5. Here we analyzed the effects of SSTR activation on C6 glioma growth in vivo and the intracellular mechanisms involved, compar...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Barbieri F, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Aiello C, Quintero A, Lunardi G, Bajetto A, Ferrari A, Culler MD, Florio T Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

TIP39/Parathyroid Hormone Type 2 Receptor Signaling is a Potent Inhibitor of Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is a member of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) family of peptide hormones that exerts its function by interacting with the PTH type 2 receptor (PTH2R). Presently, no known function has been attributed to this signaling pathway in the developing skeleton. We observed that TIP39 and PTH2R were present in the newborn mouse growth plate with the receptor localizing in the resting zone whereas ligand expression was restricted exclusively in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. By eight weeks of life PTH2R, and to a lesser degree TIP39, immunoreactivity was present in...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Panda D, Goltzman D, Juppner H, Karaplis A Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Overexpression of the Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B subunit c-Rel protects against human islet cell death in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The transcription factor NF-kappaB is known to modulate rates of apoptosis and may therefore play a role in the increased beta-cell death that occurs in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to study the expression of NF-kappaB subunits in human islet cells and whether over-expression of the NF-kappaB subunit c-Rel affects islet cell survival. We detected expression of p65, Rel-B, p50, p105, p52 and the ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) in human islet cells. Among these, only p65 and rpS3 were translocated from the cytosolic to the nuclear fraction in response to cytokines. Interestingly, rpS3 ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mokhtari D, Barbu A, Mehmeti I, Vercamer C, Welsh N Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Novel liver-specific TORC2 siRNA corrects hyperglycemia in rodent models of type 2 diabetes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion these results demonstrate the importance of TORC2 in modulating HGP in vivo, and highlight a novel, liver-specific siRNA approach for the potential treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Key words: TORC2, siRNA, Diabetes. PMID: 19706791 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 24, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saberi M, Bjelica D, Schenk S, Imamura T, Bandyopadhyay G, Li P, Vargeese C, Wang W, Bowman K, Zhang Y, Polisky B, Olefsky JM Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +40 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
40 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/20PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +30 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/13PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - August 13, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Role of the atypical protein kinase Czeta in regulation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase in cardiac and skeletal muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During metabolic stress, phosphorylation and activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) becomes a major regulator of cellular energy metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle. Despite this, the upstream regulation of AMPK in both heart and muscle is poorly understood. Recent work has implicated the atypical protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) as a regulator of AMPK in endothelial cells via phosphorylation of LKB1, an upstream AMPK kinase (AMPKK). Our goal was to determine the potential role PKCzeta plays in regulating AMPK in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Cultures of H9c2 myocytes (cardiac) and C(2)C(12) myotubes (sk...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ussher JR, Jaswal JS, Wagg CS, Armstrong HE, Lopaschuk DG, Keung W, Lopaschuk GD Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Leptin modulates ACAT1 expression and cholesterol efflux from human macrophages.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone implicated in atherosclerosis and macrophage foam cell formation. The current study was conducted to examine the effect of leptin on cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocytes/macrophages. Exogenously added leptin at 5 nM during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages for 7 days accelerated acetylated LDL (acetyl-LDL)-induced cholesteryl ester accumulation by 30-50%. Leptin did not affect endocytic uptake of acetyl-LDL; however, it increased ACAT activity 1.8-fold and ACAT-1 protein expression 1.9-fold. Among the four ACAT-1 mRNA transcripts, two shorter transcri...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hongo S, Watanabe T, Arita S, Kanome T, Kageyama H, Shioda S, Miyazaki A Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Retraction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19625678 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 25, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Enterostatin Deficiency Increases Serum Cholesterol but does not Influence Energy Homeostasis in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A pentapeptide released from procolipase, enterostatin, selectively attenuates dietary fat intake when administered peripherally or centrally. Enterostatin may act through the afferent vagus nerve and in the hypothalamus and amygdala, primarily in the central nucleus of the amygdala. To investigate the physiological role of endogenous enterostatin, we created an enterostatin-deficient, colipase-sufficient mouse (Ent(-/-)). Ent(-/-) mice are viable, normally active, and fertile. They exhibit normal growth on low-fat and high-fat diets. Furthermore, Ent(-/-) mice develop diet-induced obesity and have normal responses to ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Miller R, D'Agostino D, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Lowe ME Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Selective Regulation of Cellular and Secreted Multimeric Adiponectin by Anti-Diabetic Therapies in Humans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing factor secreted from adipose tissue, is decreased in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased in response to thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy. Changes in its secretion and assembly into higher order forms affect insulin sensitivity. To determine the relative potency of TZDs on intra-adipocyte multimerization and secretion of adiponectin we assessed the impact of in vivo low- or high-dose rosiglitazone treatment alone or combined with metformin in subjects with T2D. T2D subjects received high-dose rosiglitazone (8 mg/day), high-dose metformin (2000 mg/day), or low-dose comb...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Phillips SA, Kung J, Ciaraldi TP, Choe C, Christiansen L, Mudaliar SR, Henry RR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Obesity is mainly associated with adipose cell enlargement in adult man (hypertrophic obesity) while the formation of new fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) predominates in the prepubertal age. Adipose cell size, independent of BMI, is negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. We here review recent findings linking hypertrophic obesity with inflammation and a dysregulated adipose tissue including local cellular insulin resistance with reduced IRS-1 and GLUT-4 protein content. In addition, the number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue capable of undergoing differentiation to adi...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gustafson B, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Jenndahl L, Hammarstedt A, Smith U Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Magnitude and control of mitochondrial adp sensitivity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MAGNITUDE AND CONTROL OF MITOCHONDRIAL ADP SENSITIVITY. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul 21; Authors: Jeneson JA, Schmitz JP, van den Broek NM, van Riel NA, Hilbers P, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ The transduction function for ADP stimulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle was reconstructed in vivo and in silico to investigate the magnitude and origin of mitochondrial sensitivity to cytoplasmic ADP concentration changes. Dynamic in vivo measurements of human leg muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) content during metabolic recovery from contractions were performed by (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The cyto...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jeneson JA, Schmitz JP, van den Broek NM, van Riel NA, Hilbers P, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

TERTIARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS RECONSTITUTED BY CO-EXPRESSION OF SYSTEM A AND L TRANSPORTERS IN Xenopus OOCYTES.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The System L transporter facilitates cellular import of large neutral amino acids (AAs) such as Leu, a potent activator of the intracellular TOR pathway which signals for cell growth. System L is an AA exchanger, proposed to accumulate certain AAs by coupling to dissipation of concentration gradient(s) of exchange substrates generated by secondary active AA transporters such as System A. We addressed the hypothesis that this type of coupling (termed tertiary active transport) acts as an indirect mechanism to extend the range of AA stimulating TOR to those transported by both Systems A and L (e.g. glutamine) through dow...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Baird F, Bett K, Maclean C, Tee AR, Hundal HS, Taylor PM Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Characterization of contraction-inducible CXC chemokines and their roles in C2C12 myocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Physical exercise triggers the release of several cytokines/chemokines from working skeletal muscles, but the underlying mechanism(s) by which skeletal muscles decipher and respond to highly complex contractile stimuli remains largely unknown. In an effort to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the expressions of two contraction-inducible CXC chemokines, CXCL1/KC and CXCL5/LIX, in contracting skeletal muscle cells, we took advantage of our in vitro exercise model using highly developed contractile C2C12 myotubes which acquire properties similar to those of in vivo skeletal muscle via manipulation of Ca(2+) transie...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nedachi T, Hatakeyama H, Kono T, Sato M, Kanzaki M Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

The effects of amino acids on glucose metabolism of isolated rat skeletal muscle are independent of insulin and the mTOR/S6k pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two mechanisms have been proposed for the modulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism by amino acids. Whereas studies on humans and cultured cells suggested acute insulin desensitization via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target p70S6 kinase (S6k), investigations using native specimens of rat muscle hinted at impairment of glucose oxidation by competition for mitochondrial oxidation. To better understand these seemingly contradictory findings, we explored the effects of high concentrations of mixed amino acids on fuel metabolism and S6k activity in freshly isolated specimens of rat skeleta...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Stadlbauer K, Brunmair B, Szöcs Z, Krebs M, Luger A, Fürnsinn C Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

ERp46 is reduced by high glucose and regulates insulin content in pancreatic beta cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. ERp46 may be an important component in the phenomenon of "glucose toxicity", involved in insulin production at the post-translational level. Key words: pancreatic beta cells, glucose toxicity, proteomics, ERp46, insulin. PMID: 19622788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 20, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alberti AA, Karamessinis P, Peroulis M, Kypreou K, Kavvadas P, Pagakis S, Politis P, Charonis A Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +30 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/07/18PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 18, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +34 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
34 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/07/16PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 16, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab; +143 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
143 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab These pubmed results were generated on 2009/06/27PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - June 27, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Biochemistry, Physiology, and Genetics of GPAT, AGPAT, and Lipin Enzymes in Triglyceride Synthesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and storage in tissues such as adipose tissue and liver have an important role in metabolic homeostasis. The molecular identification of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze steps in TAG biosynthesis from glycerol-3-phosphate has revealed an unexpected number of protein isoforms of the glycerol phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), and lipin (phosphatidate phosphatase) families that appear to catalyze similar biochemical reactions. However, based on available data for a few members in which genetic deficiencies in mouse and/or human have been st...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 31, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Takeuchi K, Reue K Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Oral bovine lactoferrin improves bone status of ovariectomized mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary lactoferrin supplementation have a beneficial effect on postmenopausal bone loss by modulating bone formation and resorption. Key words: Lactoferrin, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, bone. PMID: 19336659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Endocri...)
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 31, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Blais A, Malet A, Mikogami T, Martin-Rouas C, Tome D Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Muscle inflammatory response and insulin resistance: synergistic interaction between macrophages and fatty acids leads to impaired insulin action.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we quantified macrophages immunohistochemically in vastus lateralis biopsies from 8 obese and 8 lean subjects. Our study demonstrates that macrophages infiltrate skeletal muscle in obesity and we developed an in vitro system to study this mechanistically. Myoblasts were isolated from vastus lateral biopsies and differentiated in culture. Co-culture of differentiated human myotubes with macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid, to mimic an obese environment, revealed that macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid synergistically augment cytokine and chemokine expression in myotubes, decrease IkappaBalp...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 31, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Varma V, Yao-Borengasser A, Rasouli N, Nolen GT, Phanavanh B, Starks T, Gurley CM, Simpson PM, McGehee Jr RE, Kern PA, Peterson CA Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Iodide deficiency-induced angiogenic stimulus in the thyroid occurs via HIF- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent VEGF-A secretion from thyrocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vascular supply is an obvious requirement for all organs. In addition to oxygen and nutrients, blood flow also transports essential trace elements. Iodine, which is a key element in thyroid hormone synthesis, is one of them. An inverse relationship exists between the expansion of the thyroid microvasculature and the local availability of iodine. This microvascular trace element-dependent regulation is unique and contributes to keep steady the iodide delivery to the thyroid. Signals involved in this regulation, such as VEGF-A, originate from thyrocytes as early TSH-independent responses to iodide scarcity. The question ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 31, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gerard AC, Poncin S, Audinot JN, Denef JF, Colin I Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Endothelial-specific tetrahydrobiopterin expression accelerates refractory wound healing by suppressing oxidative stress in diabetes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Refractory wound is a severe complication that leads to limb amputation in diabetes. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a key role in normal wound repair, but is uncoupled in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes due to reduced cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). We tested the hypothesis that overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis, retards NOS uncoupling and accelerates wound healing in STZ mice. Blood glucose levels were significantly increased in both male endothelial-specific GTPCH I transgenic mice (Tg-GCH via a tie-2 promoter) and the...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 31, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tie L, Li XJ, Wang X, Channon KM, Chen AF Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Sulfur Amino Acid Deficiency Upregulates Intestinal Methionine Cycle Activity and Suppresses Epithelial Growth in Neonatal Pigs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We recently showed that the developing gut is a significant site of methionine (Met) transmethylation to homocysteine and transsulfuration to cysteine (Cys). We hypothesized that sulfur amino acid (SAA) deficiency would preferentially reduce mucosal growth and antioxidant function in neonatal piglets. Neonatal pigs were enterally-fed a control diet or SAA-free diet for 7 d and then whole-body methionine and cysteine kinetics were measured using an intravenous infusion of [1-(13)C;methyl-(2)H3]-Met and (15)N-Cys. Body weight gain and plasma Met, Cys, homocysteine, taurine and total erythrocyte glutathione concentrations...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bauchart-Thevret C, Stoll B, Chacko SK, Burrin DG Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Association of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Gene Expression with Cell Cycle Progression in Granulosa Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During hormonally-induced ovarian follicle growth, granulosa cell proliferation increases and returns to baseline prior to the administration of an ovulatory stimulus. Several key genes appear to follow a similar pattern, including the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), suggesting an association between cell cycle progression and gene expression. The expression of LHCGR mRNA in granulosa cells isolated from immature rats and treated in culture with FSH increased in a time-dependent manner, while administration of the cell cycle inhibitor mimosine completely suppressed expression. While forskolin was able to induce l...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cannon JD, Seekallu S, Vandevoort CA, Chaffin CL Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Transgenic mutant D567G but not wildtype human FSH receptor overexpression provides FSH-independent and promiscuous glycoprotein hormone Sertoli cell signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have characterized the in vivo actions of human wildtype FSH receptor overexpressed in Sertoli cells of transgenic mice (TgFSHRwt) compared transgenic overexpression of the human activated mutant FSHR*D567G (TgFSHR*D567G). Testicular TgFSHRwt expression significantly elevated specific FSH binding (>2-fold, P < 0.01) relative to non-transgenic testes, similar to increased FSH binding in TgFSHR*D567G testes. Isolated TgFSHRwt Sertoli cells exhibited higher FSH-stimulated cAMP levels compared to non-Tg or TgFSHR*D567G cells, but did not display the elevated FSH-independent basal cAMP levels found in TgFSHR*D567G ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Allan CM, Lim P, Robson M, Spaliviero J, Handelsman DJ Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals

Role for malic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylation and mitochondrial malate import in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we demonstrate that while adenoviral-mediated over-expression of ME1 greatly augments GSIS in rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 cells, it does not restore MSSIS or significantly affect GSIS in mouse islets. The increase in GSIS following ME1 over-expression in INS-1 832/13 cells did not alter the ATP/ADP ratio, but was accompanied by increases in malate and citrate levels. Increased malate and citrate levels were also observed after providing INS-1 832/13 cells with the malate permeable analog dimethyl-malate (DMM). These data suggest that while ME1 over-expression augments anaplerosis and GSIS in INS-1 832/13 ce...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - March 17, 2009 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Heart E, Cline GW, Collis LP, Pongratz RL, Gray J, Smith PJ Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: journals