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Mechanisms of Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) Mediated Stimulation of Intestinal Apical Cl-/OH- Exchange.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent bioactive phospholipid, is a natural component of food products like soy and egg yolk. LPA modulates a number of epithelial functions and has been shown to inhibit cholera toxin induced diarrhea. Anti-diarrheal effects of LPA are known to be mediated by inhibiting chloride secretion. However, the effects of LPA on chloride absorption in the mammalian intestine are not known. The present studies examined the effects of LPA on apical Cl(-)/OH(-) exchangers known to be involved in chloride absorption in intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were treated with LPA and Cl(-)/OH(-) ex...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 12, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Singla A, Dwivedi A, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Ramaswamy K, Dudeja PK Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

A Model of the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intestinal edema remains a serious clinical problem and novel approaches to study its pathophysiology are needed. It was our aim to develop a long term stable isolated perfused rat small bowel preparation permitting analysis of vascular, luminal, interstitial and lymphatic compartments and to demonstrate the utility of this model by studying the effects of the pro-inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). A temperature-controlled chamber with an integrated balance was designed to perfuse isolated intestines through the mesenteric artery and the gut lumen. Steroids or oxygen carriers were not needed. Funct...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 12, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lautenschläger I, Dombrowsky H, Frerichs I, Kuchenbecker SC, Bade S, Schultz H, Zabel P, Scholz J, Weiler N, Uhlig S Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Synergistic Anti-Fibrotic Efficacy of Statin and Protein Kinase C Inhibitor in Hepatic Fibrosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, simultaneous treatment with statin and PKC inhibitor synergistically enhanced the anti-fibrotic efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models of hepatic fibrosis and may therefore have therapeutic implication for reducing hepatic fibrosis. PMID: 19910526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 12, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Yang JI, Yoon JH, Bang YJ, Lee SH, Lee SM, Byun HJ, Myung SJ, Kim W, Lee HS Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Relationship between gene expression of duodenal iron transporters and iron stores in hemochromatosis subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENE EXPRESSION OF DUODENAL IRON TRANSPORTERS AND IRON STORES IN HEMOCHROMATOSIS SUBJECTS. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Nov 5; Authors: Nelson JE, Mugford VR, Kilcourse E, Wang R, Kowdley KV To test the hypothesis that differences in duodenal iron absorption may explain the variable phenotypic expression among HFE C282Y homozygotes, we have compared relative gene expression of duodenal iron transporters among C282Y homozygotes (HH) with and without iron overload. Duodenal biopsy samples were analyzed using real time PCR for expression of DMT1, FPN1, DCYTB and HEPH relative ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Nelson JE, Mugford VR, Kilcourse E, Wang R, Kowdley KV Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Mounting evidence against the role of ICC in neurotransmission to smooth muscle in the gut.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
How nerves transmit their signals to regulate activity of smooth muscle is of fundamental importance to autonomic and enteric physiology, clinical medicine and therapeutics. A traditional view of neurotransmission to smooth muscles has been that motor nerve varicosities release neurotransmitters that act on receptors on smooth muscles to cause their contraction or relaxation via electromechanical and phamacomechanical signaling pathways in the smooth muscle. In recent years, an old hypothesis that certain interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) may transduce neural signals to smooth muscle cells has been resurrected. This la...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Goyal RK, Chaudhury A Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Peripheral peptide YY inhibits propulsive colonic motor function through Y2 receptor in conscious mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Peptide YY (PYY) antisecretory effect on intestinal epithelia is well established while less is known about its actions to influence colonic motility in conscious animals. We characterized changes in basal and stimulated colonic motor function induced by PYY-related peptides in conscious mice. PYY(3-36), PYY and neuropeptipde Y (NPY) (8 nmol/kg) injected intraperitoneally (ip) inhibited fecal pellet output (FPO)/h during novel environment stress by 90%, 63% and 57% respectively while the Y(1) preferring agonists, [Pro(34)]PYY and [Leu(31),Pro(34)]NPY had no effect. Corticotrophin-releasing factor 2 receptor antagonist ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wang L, Gourcerol G, Yuan PQ, Wu SV, Million M, Larauche M, Taché Y Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Food restriction, refeeding, and gastric fill fail to affect emesis in musk shrews.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nausea and emesis are common side effects of gastrointestinal disease. Reports indicate that ghrelin and endocannabinoids, agents that stimulate appetite, also reduce emesis evoked by chemotherapy treatment, which suggests that stimulation of feeding inhibits the emetic system. In the following study we conducted a more direct test of this hypothesis by determining the impact of manipulating the motivation to eat on emesis, using food restriction and refeeding. Emesis was induced in musk shrews, a commonly used animal model for emesis research, using the cancer chemotherapy agent cisplatin (20 mg/kg, ip), nicotine (2 m...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Horn CC, Still L, Fitzgerald C, Friedman MI Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Liver fibrosis causes down-regulation of miRNA-150 and miRNA-194 in hepatic stellate cells and their over-expression causes decreased stellate cell activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) results in their proliferation and in the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which leads to hepatic fibrosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate various cell functions, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Hence, we have analyzed the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in HSC isolated from sham-operated and bile duct-ligated rats. Expression of two miRNAs, miRNA-150 and miRNA-194, was reduced in HSC isolated from fibrotic rats compared with sham-operated animals. These two miRNAs were over-expressed in LX-2 cells and their abil...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - November 5, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Venugopal SK, Jiang J, Kim TH, Li Y, Wang SS, Torok NJ, Wu J, Zern MA Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Divergent Effects of Amygdala Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Regulation of Visceral and Somatic Pain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Elevated amygdala activity and increased responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been observed in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Recently, we demonstrated that corticosterone (CORT) placed on the amygdala induced anxiety-like behavior coupled with decreased thresholds for visceral and somatic pain in rats. Moreover, these studies suggested that the effects of CORT were dependent on both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR); however, the specific contributions of these receptors to the interaction between corticosteroids and the amygdala are still unclear....
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Myers B, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Roles of Stem Cell Factor on the Depletion of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Colon of Diabetic Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stem cell factor (SCF) on ICC depletion in the colon of diabetic mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were treated by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), and those displayed sustained high blood glucose were selected as diabetes mellitus (DM) models. Six groups of mice were used: three groups of normal non-diabetic mice (untreated and treated with IgG or SCF antibody), and three gourps of diabetic mice (untreated and treated with vehicle or SCF. Changes of the ICC quantities were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ICC morphologies were observed with...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lin L, Xu LM, Zhang W, Ge YB, Tang YR, Zhang HJ, Li XL, Chen JD Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase limits calcium-dependent chloride secretion across colonic epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neuroimmune agonists induce epithelial Cl(-) secretion through elevations in intracellular Ca(2+) or cAMP. Previously, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and subsequent ERK MAPK activation limits secretory responses to Ca(2+)-, but not cAMP-dependent agonists. Although c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs are also expressed in epithelial cells, their role in regulating transport function is unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role for JNK in regulating Cl(-) secretion in T(84) colonic epithelial cells. Western blot analysis revealed that a prototypical Ca(2+)-dependent ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Donnellan F, Keating N, Geoghegan P, Murray FE, Harvey BJ, Keely SJ Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

A role for Campylobacter jejuni-induced enteritis in inflammatory bowel disease?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are T cell-mediated diseases that are characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the intestinal tract. The pathogenesis of IBD involves the complex interaction between the intestinal microflora, host genetic and immune factors, and environmental stimuli. Epidemiological analyses have implicated acute bacterial enteritis as one of the factors that may incite or exacerbate IBD in susceptible individuals. In this review, we examine how interactions between the common enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, the host intestinal epithelium...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kalischuk LD, Buret AG Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Kupffer cell activation is a causal factor for hepatic insulin resistance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Our study clearly shows that hepatic macrophage response participates to the onset of high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and may therefore represent an attractive target for prevention and treatment of diet- and obesity-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 19875703 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lanthier N, Molendi-Coste O, Horsmans Y, van Rooijen N, Cani PD, Leclercq IA Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

IL-22 is involved in liver regeneration after hepatectomy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: These data suggest that IL-22 is involved in liver regeneration and this may be due to interaction with IL-6- and TGF-alpha cascades. PMID: 19875704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ren X, Colletti LM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 has a Major Role in Mediating Visceral Pain in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The excitatory ion channel transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) is prominently expressed by primary afferent neurons and is a mediator of inflammatory pain. Inflammatory agents can directly activate (e.g. hydroxynonenal [HNE], prostaglandin metabolites) or indirectly sensitize (e.g. agonists of protease-activated receptor [PAR(2)]) TRPA1 to induce somatic pain and hyperalgesia. However, the contribution of TRPA1 to visceral pain is unknown. We investigated the role of TRPA1 in visceral hyperalgesia by measuring abdominal visceromotor responses (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) after intracolonic administra...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 29, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Cattaruzza F, Spreadbury I, Miranda-Morales M, Grady EF, Vanner SJ, Bunnett NW Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Neurotransmission in Lower Esophageal Sphincter of W/Wv Mutant Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To address the controversy surrounding the role of interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in nitrergic neurotransmission to gastrointestinal smooth muscle, circular smooth muscle from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of W/W(v) wild-type and mutant (ICC-deficient) mice were studied using intracellular and tension recordings in vitro. Resting membrane potential (MP) was more negative and the spontaneous unitary potentials diminished in mutant mice. In wild-type mice, nerve stimulation induced a biphasic inhibitory junction potential (IJP) consisting of a fast initial IJP followed by a long-lasting slow IJP (LSIJP). The IJ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Zhang Y, Carmichael SA, Wang XY, Huizinga JD, Paterson WG Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Inflammatory cells regulate p53 and caspases in acute pancreatitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The inflammatory response during pancreatitis regulates necrotic and apoptotic rates of parenchymal cells. Neutrophil depletion using anti-polymorphonuclear serum (anti-PMN) increases apoptosis in experimental pancreatitis but the mechanism has not been determined. Our study was designed to investigate signaling mechanisms in pancreatic parenchymal cells regulating death responses with neutrophil depletion. Rats were neutrophil depleted with anti-PMN treatment. Then cerulein pancreatitis was induced, followed by measurements of apoptosis signaling pathways. There was greater activation of executioner caspases-3 in the ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Nakamura Y, Do JH, Yuan J, Odinokova IV, Mareninova OA, Gukovskaya AS, Pandol SJ Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Neurophysiologic evaluation of convergent afferents innervating the human esophagus and area of referred pain on the anterior chest wall.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Noxious stimuli in the esophagus cause pain that is referred to the anterior chest wall due to convergence of visceral and somatic afferents within the spinal cord. We sought to characterize the neurophysiologic responses of these convergent spinal pain pathways in man studying 12-healthy subjects over 3-visits (V1, V2 and V3). Esophageal pain thresholds (Eso-PT) were assessed using electrical stimulation and anterior chest wall pain thresholds (ACW-PT) using a contact heat thermode. Esophageal evoked potentials (EEP) were recorded from the vertex following 200-electrical stimuli and anterior chest wall evoked potentia...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - October 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Hobson AR, Chizh B, Hicks K, Aziz Q, Worthen S, Lawerence P, Dewit O, Boyle Y, Dukes G Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Urotensin II modulates hepatic fibrosis and portal hemodynamic alterations in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The influence of circulating urotensin II (UII) on liver disease and portal hypertension is unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether UII executes a pathogenetic role in the development of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. UII was administered by continuous infusion over 4 wk in 20 healthy rats divided into three treatment groups, controls (saline, n = 7), low dose (UII, 1 nmol.kg(-1).h(-1), n = 8), and high dose (UII, 3 nmol.kg(-1).h(-1), n = 5). Hemodynamic parameters and morphometric quantification of fibrosis were assessed, and profibrotic cytokines and fibrosis markers were assayed in hepatic tissue. UII induc...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 30, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kemp W, Kompa A, Phrommintikul A, Herath C, Zhiyuan J, Angus P, McLean C, Roberts S, Krum H Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Shedding gloomy light into the black box of the Ussing chamber.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19797238 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 30, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lucas ML Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Retraction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19797239 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 30, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Effect of meal volume and caloric load on postprandial gastric function: Studies under physiological conditions by fiber optic pressure measurement and MRI.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that gastric wall stress (passive strain and active tone) provides the driving force for gastric emptying, but distal resistance to gastric outflow regulates further passage of nutrients. The distinct 'early phase' of gastric emptying with relatively rapid passage of nutrients into the small bowel, regulated by meal volume but not its nutrient composition, ensures that the delivery of nutrients is related to calorie load. PMID: 19779010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kwiatek M, Menne D, Steingoetter A, Goetze O, Forras-Kaufman Z, Kaufman E, Fruehauf H, Boesiger P, Fried M, Schwizer W, Fox M Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Secretagogue stimulation enhances NBCe1 (electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter) surface expression in murine colonic crypts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC) is located in the basolateral membrane of the gastrointestinal epithelium, where it imports HCO(3)(-) during stimulated anion secretion. Having previously demonstrated secretagogue activation of NBC in murine colonic crypts, we now asked whether vesicle traffic and exocytosis are involved in this process. Electrogenic NBCe1-B was expressed at significantly higher levels than electroneutral NBCn1 in colonic crypts as determined by QRT-PCR. In cell surface biotinylation experiments, a time-dependent increase in biotinylated NBCe1 was observed, which occured with a peak of +54.8 % aft...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Yu H, Riederer B, Stieger N, Boron W, Shull G, Manns M, Seidler U, Bachmann O Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Cystitis increases colorectal afferent sensitivity in the mouse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, CYP treatment increased mechanical sensitivity of colorectal muscular afferents and increased the proportion of chemosensitive colorectal afferents. These data support a peripheral contribution to cross-organ sensitization of pelvic organs. PMID: 19779012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Brumovsky P, Feng B, Xu L, McCarthy C, Gebhart G Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Human duodenum responses to vitamin D metabolites of TRPV6 and other genes involved in calcium absorption.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study has shown that human duodenal TRPV6, PMCA1 and CYP24 transcripts respond rapidly to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and provides evidence suggesting that local duodenal production of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) by 25OHD-1alpha-hydroxylase may have a role in human calcium absorption. PMID: 19779013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Balesaria S, Sangha S, Walters J Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Alternative Promoter and GATA5 Transcripts in Mouse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
GATA5 is a member of the GATA zinc finger transcription factor family involved in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation during cell differentiation and embryogenesis. Previous reports indicate that null mutation of the zebrafish GATA5 gene results in embryonic lethality, while deletion of exon 1 from the mouse GATA5 gene causes only derangement of female urogenital development. Here, we have identified an alternate promoter within intron 1 of the mouse GATA5 gene that transcribes a 2.5 kb mRNA that lacks exon 1 entirely, but includes 82 bp from intron 1 and all of exons 2-6. The alternative promoter was active dur...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chen B, Yates E, Huang Y, Kogut P, Ma L, Turner JR, Tao Y, Camoretti-Mercado B, Lang D, Svensson E, Garcia J, Gruber P, Morrisey E, Solway J Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Stimulation of stellate cells by injured acinar cells: A model of acute pancreatitis induced by alcohol and fat (VLDL).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In the presence of lipoproteins alcohol induces acinar cell injury. Our results provide a biochemical pathway for the clinical observation, that a fat-enriched meal combined with excess alcohol consumption can induce acinar cell injury (acute pancreatitis) followed by repair mechanisms (proliferation and increased matrix synthesis in PSC). PMID: 19779015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Siech M, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Bair B, Alt A, Hamm S, Gross H, Mayer J, Beger H, Tian X, Kornmann M, Bachem M Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II receptors are expressed and functional in the human esophageal mucosa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: AngII receptors and ACE are expressed in the human esophageal epithelium. The results suggest that AT(2)-receptor stimulation increases epithelial ion transport, whereas the AT(1)-receptor inhibits ion transport and increases epithelial resistance. PMID: 19779016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Casselbrant A, Edebo A, Hallersund P, Spak E, Helander H, Jönson C, Fandriks L Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Polysome trafficking of transcripts and microRNAs in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Liver regeneration following 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats induces > 95% of hepatocytes to undergo two rounds of semi-synchronous cell replication. Gene expression is controlled primarily by posttranscriptional processing, including changes in mRNA stability. However, the translational activity of a specific mRNA can also be modulated post-PH resulting in significant uncoupling of protein and transcript levels relative to quiescent liver for many genes including c-myc and p53. Although the precise mechanism by which this uncoupling occurs is unknown, the polysomal association of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) can ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kren B, Wong P, Shiota A, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Steer C Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Galanin potentiates supramaximal caerulein-stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion via its action on somatostatin secretion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Galanin inhibits pancreatic amylase secretion from mouse lobules induced by physiological concentrations of caerulein via an insulin-dependent mechanism. We aimed to determine the effect and elucidate the mechanism of action of exogenous galanin on pancreatic amylase secretion induced by supramaximal concentrations of caerulein. Amylase secretion from isolated murine pancreatic lobules was measured. Lobules were co-incubated with galanin (10(-12)M-10(-7)M) and caerulein (10(-7)M). Lobules were pre-incubated with atropine (10(-5)M), tetrodotoxin (10(-5)M), diazoxide (10(-7)M), or the galanin antagonist galantide (10(-12...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Barreto S, Carati C, Schloithe A, Toouli J, Saccone G Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Spontaneous oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration via purinergic receptors elicit transient cell swelling in rat parotid ducts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using multiphoton microscopy, we established that rat parotid ductal cells exhibit spontaneous oscillations in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). These oscillatory Ca(2+) responses were observed during continuous perfusion with a physiological salt solutions at 37 masculineC in the absence of calcium mobilizing agonist stimulation. The timing and patterns of these spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations varied between individual ductal cells, and the average number of Ca(2+) responses in a single responding ductal cells was 2.1 in a 10-min recording period. High-speed scanning (0.6 s/image) revealed that most sp...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shitara A, Tanimura A, Sato A, Tojyo Y Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Immunoglobulins (IgGs) from Scleroderma Patients Inhibit Muscarinic Receptor in Internal Anal Sphincter (IAS) Smooth Muscle Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) IgGs affecting M(3)-muscarinic receptor (M(3)-R) have been proposed to be responsible for the GI dysmotility. However, the effect of SSc IgGs on smooth muscle cell (SMC) function has not been studied. We determined the effect of SSc IgGs on the muscarinic receptor activation by bethanechol (BeCh; methyl derivate of carbachol) in SMC and smooth muscle strips from rat IAS. IgGs were purified from GI symptomatic SSc patients and normal volunteers, using protein G-sepharose columns. SMC lengths were determined via computerized digital micrometry. The presence of M(3)-R and IgG-M(3)-R complex was de...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Singh J, Mehendiratta V, Del Galdo F, Jimenez S, Cohen S, Dimarino A, Rattan S Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

TLR3-mediated NF-{kappa}B signaling in human esophageal epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate for the first time that TLR3 is highly functional in the human esophageal epithelium, and that TLR3-mediated NF-kappaB-signaling may play an important regulatory role in esophageal epithelial homeostasis. PMID: 19779021 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 23, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Lim D, Narasimhan S, Michaylira C, Wang ML Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol; +21 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
21 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol These pubmed results were generated on 2009/09/11PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 11, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Role of thin-filament regulatory proteins in relaxation of colonic smooth muscle contraction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Coordinated regulation of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation is required for colonic motility. Contraction is associated with phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC20) and interaction of actin with myosin. Thin-filament regulation of actomyosin interaction is modulated by two actin binding regulatory proteins tropomyosin (TM) and caldesmon (CaD). TM and CaD are known to play crucial role in actomyosin interaction promoting contraction. Contraction is associated with phosphorylation of small heat shock protein, HSP27 concomitant with the phosphorylation of TM and CaD. Phosphorylation of HSP27 is attributed as ...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Somara S, Gilmont RR, Bitar KN Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

New method of manometric measurement of gastroduodenal motility in conscious mice: Effects of ghrelin and Y2 depletion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since no previous studies have reported dual measurements of stomach and duodenal motility in conscious mice, we developed a manometric method to measure the gastroduodenal motility in the physiological fed and fasted states of conscious mice. By this method we measured, for the first time, the gastroduodenal motility in Y2 knockout mice and analyzed the effects of ghrelin on the gastroduodenal motility in conscious mice. To evaluate this new method, we provide the comparison on the effects of CCK-8 examined by present and previous methods. In the fasted state of mice, phase III-like contractions with frequencies of 7....
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tanaka R, Inui A, Asakawa A, Atsuchi K, Ataka K, Fujimiya M Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on rat intestinal glucose transport.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We have shown duodenal exclusion significantly influences both intestinal structure and glucose transport function, with glucose absorptive capacity reduced after RYGB. This provides a novel mechanistic explanation for some of the antidiabetic effects of RYGB. Key words: glucose transport, sglt1, bariatric surgery, diabetes. PMID: 19729495 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Stearns AT, Balakrishnan A, Tavakkolizadeh A Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

The angiogenic effect of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus on human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by IL-8.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angiogenesis is required for wound healing and repair, but dysregulated angiogenesis is involved in gastrointestinal inflammation. Bacillus polyfermenticus (B.P.) is a probiotic bacterium clinically used for a variety of intestinal disorders in East Asia. Here we investigated the effect of B.P. on angiogenesis of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) and wound healing in intestinal mucosa. Exposure of HIMECs to the conditioned medium of B.P. cultures (B.P. CM) increased cell migration, permeability and tube formation. Production of the pro-angiogenic cytokine IL-8 was increased by B.P. CM, and neutr...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - September 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Im E, Choi YJ, Kim CH, Fiocchi C, Pothoulakis C, Rhee SH Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol; +19 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
19 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/27PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 28, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Regulation of Hsp60 and the role of MK2 in a new model of severe experimental pancreatitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of (MK2) and HSP60 in the pathogenesis of a new model of severe acute pancreatitis (AP). MK2 plays a significant role in the regulation of cytokines. It has been shown that induction and expression of several Heat shock proteins (HSPs) can protect against experimental pancreatitis. Interplay between both systems seems of high interest. Mice with a homozygous deletion of the MK2 gene were used. Severe AP was induced by combined i.p. injections of cerulein with LPS. AP was assessed by biochemical markers and histology. The IL-6- and lung MPO-levels were determined for a...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Li YY, Ochs S, Gao ZR, Malo A, Chen CJ, Lv S, Gallmeier E, Goeke B, Schaefer C Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Alterations in mechanical properties of mesenteric resistance arteries in experimental portal hypertension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In long-standing severe portal hypertension such as ascitic LC but not in short-term conditions such as PVL, mesenteric resistance arteries exhibit vascular remodeling and markedly less resistant mechanical properties leading to decreased vessel stiffness accompanied by structural changes in the IEL. This may well contribute to the maintenance and severity of splanchnic arterial vasodilation in liver cirrhosis. Key words: vasodilation, portal hypertension, myogenic tone, mesenteric arteries. PMID: 19696142 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Resch M, Wiest R, Moleda L, Fredersdorf S, Stoelcker B, Schroeder JA, Schoelmerich J, Endemann DH Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Localization of acyl ghrelin- and des-acyl ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in the rat stomach and their responses to intragastric pH.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acyl ghrelin has a 28 amino acid sequence with O-n-octanoyl acid modification at the serine 3 position, while des-acyl ghrelin has no octanoyl acid modification. Although these peptides exert different physiological functions, no previous studies have shown the different localization of acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in the stomach. Here we have developed an antibody specific for des-acyl ghrelin that does not crossreact with acyl ghrelin. Both acyl ghrelin- and des-acyl ghrelin-immunoreative cells were distributed in the oxyntic and antral mucosa of the rat stomach, with higher density in the antral mucosa than oxy...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mizutani M, Atsuchi K, Asakawa A, Matsuda N, Fujimura M, Inui A, Kato I, Fujimiya M Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Intestinal Cell Kinase, a MAP Kinase-Related Kinase, Regulates Proliferation and G1 Cell Cycle Progression of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that suppression of ICK expression in cultured intestinal epithelial cells by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference significantly impaired cellular proliferation and induced features of gene expression characteristic of colonic or enterocytic differentiation. Down-regulation of ICK altered expression of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, c-myc and p21(Cip1/WAF1)) of G1-S transition, consistent with the G1 cell cycle delay induced by ICK shRNA. ICK deficiency also led to a significant decrease in the expression and/or activity of p70 ribosomal protein S6 Kinase (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation facto...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 19, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Fu Z, Kim J, Vidrich A, Sturgill TW, Cohn SM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol; +26 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
26 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/07PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 7, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol; +27 new citationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
27 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol These pubmed results were generated on 2009/08/02PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - August 2, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Report Source Type: journals

Calcium-dependent and Calcium-independent inhibition of contraction by cGMP/cGKI in intestinal smooth muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
cGMP dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) induces relaxation of smooth muscle via several pathways that include inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) signalling and/or involve activation of myosin phosphatase. In the present study, we investigated these mechanisms comparatively in colon and jejunum longitudinal smooth muscle from mice. In simultaneous recordings from colon muscle, 8-Br-cGMP reduced both carbachol-induced tension and carbachol-induced increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i). These effects of 8-Br-cGMP were absent in colon from mice carrying a mutated IRAG gene or lacking cGKI. However, in jejunum, 8-Br-...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Frei E, Huster M, Smital P, Schlossmann J, Hofmann F, Wegener JW Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli inhibits intestinal vitamin B1 (thiamin) uptake: Studies with human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infection with the gram-negative enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a food-borne pathogen, represents a significant risk to human health. While diarrhea is a major consequence of this infection, mal-nutrition also occurs especially in severe and prolonged cases, which may aggravate the health status of the infected hosts. Here we examined the effect of EPEC infection on the intestinal uptake of the water-soluble vitamin B1 (thiamin) using an established human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell model. The results showed that infecting Caco-2 cells with wild-type EPEC (but not with non-pathogenic E. coli, killed EP...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ashokkumar B, Kumar JS, Hecht GA, Said HM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the development of portal hypertension in the carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The systemic hyperemia component of hyperdynamic circulation is eNOS dependant and precedes increased changes in hepatic resistance. Alternative mechanisms, possibly involving cyclooxygenase, may contribute. eNOS maintains normal hepatic resistance following CCl4 induced fibrosis. Consequently, increased portal pressure following chronic CCl4 exposure is linked to hyperdynamic circulation in wild type mice and increased hepatic resistance in eNOS(-/-) mice. Key words: portal hypertension, eNOS, mice, CCl4. PMID: 19628654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Theodorakis NG, Wang YN, Wu JM, Maluccio MA, Sitzmann JV, Skill NJ Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Modulates Neurally-Evoked Mucosal Chloride Secretion In Guinea Pig Small Intestine In Vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an important messenger protein in intestinal physiology. It influences digestion, absorption, epithelial growth, motility and blood flow. We studied involvement of GLP-2 in intestinal mucosal secretory behavior. Submucosal/mucosal preparations from guinea pig ileum were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurement of short-circuit current (Isc) as a surrogate for chloride secretion. GLP-2 action on neuronal release of acetylcholine was determined with ELISA. Enteric neuronal expression of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) was studied with immunohistochemical methods. Application of GLP-2 (0.1...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Baldassano S, Liu S, Qu MH, Mule F, Wood JD Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals

Effects of Losartan on Hepatic Expression of Non-phagocytic NADPH Oxidase and Fibrogenic Genes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angiotensin II promotes liver fibrogenesis by stimulating non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX)-induced oxidative stress. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers attenuate experimental liver fibrosis, yet their effects in human liver fibrosis are unknown. We investigated the effects of losartan on the hepatic expression of fibrogenic, inflammatory and NOX genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Fourteen patients with CHC and liver fibrosis received oral losartan (50 mg/day) for 18 months. Liver biopsies were performed at baseline and after treatment. The degree of inflammation and fibrosis was evaluated by histo...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - July 22, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Colmenero J, Bataller R, Sancho-Bru P, Dominguez M, Moreno M, Forns X, Bruguera M, Arroyo V, Brenner DA, Ginès P Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: journals