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Psychological distress and adjustment of Vietnamese refugees in the United States: Association with pre- and postmigration factors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine how pre- and postmigration factors affect the psychological distress and adjustment for a community sample of Vietnamese refugees resettled in the United States. The sample included a substantial proportion of ex-political detainees who experienced a particularly large number of traumatic events prior to migration. Additionally, the study assessed postmigration experiences using multidimensional and bidirectional measures of acculturation to the Vietnamese and American cultures and measures of satisfaction with social support from like-ethnic and host culture network members. Psycho...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Birman, Dina; Tran, Nellie Source Type: journals

Cumulative trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder among children exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center attack.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two and one-half years after the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack, 204 middle school students in an immigrant community located near Ground Zero were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as influenced by "dose" of exposure to the attack and accumulated lifetime traumas. Ninety percent of students reported at least one traumatic event other than 9/11 (e.g., community violence) with an average of 4 lifetime events reported. An interaction was obtained such that the dose-response effect depended on presence of other traumas. Among students with the lowest number of additional traumas, the usu...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mullett-Hume, Elizabeth; Anshel, Daphne; Guevara, Vivianne; Cloitre, Marylene Source Type: journals

Parents' experience and meaning construction of the loss of a child in a national terror attack.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper describes a qualitative study aimed at exploring the meanings that are given by parents to the loss of their children in terror attacks in Israel and examining how specific aspects of these meanings help or hinder them in coping with the loss. This paper focuses the collective context of loss, a theme that emerged from in-depth interviews with 16 bereaved parents who lost their children in different terror attacks. The collective context of loss includes three subthemes: (a) the loss in the context of Jewish and Israeli history; (b) assigning responsibility for the loss; and (c) using the collective meaning in t...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Possick, Chaya; Sadeh, Ruth Ann; Shamai, Michal Source Type: journals

Mental health in Japanese members of the United Nations peacekeeping contingent in the Golan Heights: Effects of deployment and the Middle East situation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluates the mental health of Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) members of the peacekeeping contingent in the Golan Heights before and since the Second Gulf War between 1998 and 2003. Before the war, the General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ30) scores during and after duty tended to be lower than those before duty; all scores were lower than those of adult Japanese men in general. After the war, GHQ30 scores did not significantly change between before, during, and after duty. Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) scores were not significantly different between groups. Stressors identified included problems with foreign lan...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sawamura, Takehito; Shimizu, Kunio; Masaki, Yoshinori; Kobayashi, Nobuhisa; Sugawara, Mariko; Tsunoda, Tomoya; Kikuchi, Akihito; Yamamoto, Taisuke; Toda, Hiroyuki; Nomura, Soichiro; Takahashi, Yoshitomo; Oryu, Takashi; Ogasawara, Tsuneyuki; Ogata, Katsuhi Source Type: journals

Violence exposure across multiple contexts: Individual and joint effects on adjustment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the relationship between violence exposure in three different contexts (home, school, and community) and internalizing and externalizing outcomes in early adolescents. We modeled both context-specific and cumulative effects of exposure to violence. After controlling for a number of risk factors associated with violence exposure, violent incidents encountered at school and at home were consistently related to multiple outcomes. Violence exposure in the community was related only to aggressive fantasies but not to other externalizing or internalizing problems. High levels of violence exposure in the commu...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mrug, Sylvie; Loosier, Penny S.; Windle, Michael Source Type: journals

Child internalizing and externalizing behavior as predictors of age at first admission and risk for repeat admission to a child inpatient facility.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gaining a better understanding of the types of child symptomatology that predict age at first admission and risk for readmission to a child psychiatric inpatient facility could help to inform the focus of intervention. Accordingly, the current study examined whether internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, alone or in combination, were associated with age at first admission and risk for repeat admission. Analyses were based on a sample of 372 children (M = 9.13 years, SD = 1.91) admitted to an acute psychiatric inpatient facility. Internalizing behavior was associated with a later age at admission, but unrelated ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Fite, Paula J.; Stoppelbein, Laura; Greening, Leilani; Dhossche, Dirk Source Type: journals

The permanence of family ties: Implications for youth transitioning from foster care.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Research on the experiences of youth leaving foster care as they enter adulthood has noted that they often reconnect, and sometimes live with, members of their family of origin. This is often thought to be a curious finding because at some earlier point, the families were deemed unsafe, requiring removal of the child to foster care. Although this finding has been consistent, it has not been the central focus of a research study and, therefore, its implications have been largely unexamined. In this article, the authors review what is known about the extent to which young adults reunite with their families after they leave f...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Collins, Mary Elizabeth; Paris, Ruth; Ward, Rolanda L. Source Type: journals

Relationship network quality: Adolescent adjustment and perceptions of relationships with parents and friends.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Early, mid-, and late adolescents (N = 406) from an ethnically diverse community completed questionnaires describing positive and negative features of relationships with their mothers, fathers, and same-sex best friends. School grades, self-reported adjustment problems, and self-worth differed as a function of both the number of relationships that adolescents described as high on positive features and the number of relationships that adolescents described as high on negative features. Adolescents with relationships that were uniformly good quality (i.e., high on positive features and low on negative features) were better a...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Laursen, Brett; Mooney, Karen S. Source Type: journals

Addressing economic stress in the treatment of depression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates the importance of addressing issues of economic stress in standardized treatments for major depression. Using a sample from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, the study found high levels of patient introduction of economic stress topics, with relatively high levels of therapist approach of this material. There was significant evidence for a positive association between therapist approach of these economic stress topics and outcome. There was very little evidence for socioeconomic status differences in any of these findings. (PsycINFO Datab...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Falconnier, Lydia; Elkin, Irene Source Type: journals

Beyond treatment effects: Comorbid psychopathologies and long-term outcomes among substance-abusing delinquents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial controlled for treatment condition effects and examined the impact of comorbid psychopathologies on the mental health, physical health, and criminal behavior of 80 substance abusing delinquents approximately 5 years later in emerging adulthood. Overall, emerging adults with a comorbid disorder during adolescence scored higher on psychopathology, criminal behavior, and health problems. Participants with both internalizing and externalizing disorders exhibited more negative outcomes than those with a comorbid externalizing disorder. For the entire sample, more internalizing d...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Clingempeel, W. Glenn; Britt, Samantha Curley; Henggeler, Scott W. Source Type: journals

Ego development, psychopathology, and parenting problems in substance-abusing mothers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors examined maternal ego development in relation to psychopathology and parenting problems in a sample of substance abusing mothers. Given predilections at higher levels of ego development for introspection and guilt, the authors expected mothers at higher levels to report more psychopathology. Given predilections at lower levels of ego development for dichotomous perceptions and limited conceptions of causation, the authors expected mothers at low levels to report more problematic parenting behaviors. Intelligence was expected to correlate but not overlap with ego development. Subjects were 182 mothers who expres...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Suchman, Nancy; McMahon, Thomas; DeCoste, Cindy; Castiglioni, Nicole; Luthar, Suniya Source Type: journals

Behavioral outcomes for substance-exposed adopted children: Fourteen years postadoption.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the influence of prenatal substance exposure on children's externalizing behaviors at 14 years postadoption. Using Wave 4 data from the California Long-Range Adoption Study, the authors employed growth curve modeling to examine behavioral trajectories of 275 children as influenced by foster care status, age at adoption, and gender. Outcomes are measured using a shortened Behavioral Problem Index. Prenatal exposure predicted elevated behavior problems that increased normatively compared with nonexposed children, and were not found to trigger the negative behavior sequelae once feared. Foster children ten...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Crea, Thomas M.; Barth, Richard P.; Guo, Shenyang; Brooks, Devon Source Type: journals

Siblings of children with severe emotional disturbances: Risks, resources, and adaptation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines risks, resources, and adjustment among siblings of children with severe emotional disturbances (SED) involved in an initiative to develop family centered Systems of Care in North Carolina. These siblings experience many of the same risks as the children who have been diagnosed with SED (i.e., "targets"), but have received relatively little attention from the system or researchers. This first systematic study of these siblings describes an early sample (n = 56), compares them to their system-identified brothers and sisters, and explores contextual factors related to sibling resources and adjustment. Find...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - May 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kilmer, Ryan P.; Cook, James R.; Taylor, Christina; Kane, Samantha F.; Clark, Laura Y. Source Type: journals

Victimization of children with disabilities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors examined the characteristics of abuse reported by CWDs based on forensic statements made by 40430 alleged abuse victims, 11% categorized as children with minor disabilities, and 1.2% categorized as children with severe disabilities. Proportionally more of the CWDs than of the TD children were allegedly victims of sexual rather than physical abuse. CWDs failed to disclose abuse and delayed disclosure more often than TD suspected victims. CWDs were more likely than TD children to be abused by parent figures and to experience physical abuse resulting in body injury or serious sexual offenses, includ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hershkowitz, Irit; Lamb, Michael E.; Horowitz, Dvora Source Type: journals

Aggression in very high-risk youth: Examining developmental risk in an inpatient psychiatric population.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The goal of this study was to examine the utility of clinical records of psychiatrically hospitalized youth for predicting critical incidents during treatment. Intake data from inpatients (N = 484, mean age = 14 years) in a secure psychiatric facility were coded for the presence of theoretically based individual and contextual risk factor information and analyzed prospectively to predict youths' involvement in incidents of seclusion and restraint. Findings indicated that whereas several individual and contextual risk factors accounted for the likelihood of a youth becoming involved in seclusion or restraint, only histories...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Boxer, Paul Source Type: journals

Substance abuse and psychosocial impairments among clients with schizophrenia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed correlates of current substance abuse severity not evaluated in past research (e.g., manic symptoms, traumatic stress, self-care deficits, interpersonal relationship problems), as well as factors previously shown to be associated with substance abuse among clients with schizophrenia (e.g., age, gender, depressive symptoms, psychotic symptoms, work/school problems, legal problems). Multiple regression analyses revealed that more severe self-care deficits and less extreme psychotic symptomatology were related to exacerbated symptoms of substance abuse. Implications of these findings for future research ar...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Schwartz, Robert C.; Hilscher, Randall L.; Hayhow, Paul Source Type: journals

Understanding the influence of gambling opportunities: Expanding exposure models to include adaptation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many regions are considering expanding the various forms of gambling that are available to residents. The expansion of legalized gambling frequently is the topic of heated debate because of possible harmful ramifications on individuals' mental and physical health as well as the public's health in general. Conventional wisdom holds that the expansion of gambling relates to increases in gambling-related problems among the population (i.e., the exposure effect). A review of empirical evidence provides an opportunity to verify the accuracy of this wisdom. An evaluation of available research studies provides some support for th...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: LaPlante, Debi A.; Shaffer, Howard J. Source Type: journals

Emotional availability in a sample of mothers with a history of abuse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Maternal history of abuse has been proposed as a risk factor for child maltreatment, but the background of this "cycle of abuse" is as yet poorly understood. As a contribution toward a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this study analyzed whether emotional availability is altered by maternal experiences of physical or sexual abuse during their upbringing. Mothers were contacted by mail and presented with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To form the index group, women who reached a cutoff for severe sexual and/or physical abuse and whose children were term babies with APGAR scores 7 were included in the study. The...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Moehler, Eva; Biringen, Zeynep; Poustka, Luise Source Type: journals

Essentialism and the cultural psychology of gender in extreme son preference communities in India.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using a cultural ecological framework, the authors examined key psychological antecedents of a pressing public health problem in Tamilnadu, India: the persistence of extreme forms of female neglect including female infanticide and feticide. Community-based respondents (N = 798) were recruited from Tamilnadu, a south Indian state, from villages with highly male biased sex ratios. Study 1 examined beliefs about behavioral gender transgressions in the villages that are identified as having extremely male-biased sex ratios. Study 2 examined the same participants several weeks later, investigating beliefs about biological gende...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mahalingam, Ramaswami; Haritatos, Jana; Jackson, Benita Source Type: journals

Partners of perinatal substance users: Forgotten, failing, or fit to father?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion of case studies can yield increased knowledge about the role of fathers in the lives of families affected by perinatal substance abuse. This will lead to better-informed treatment interventions, research, and public policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Twomey, Jean E. Source Type: journals

Predicting readiness to adopt evidence-based programs for divorcing families: Champions, attitudes, and access to funding.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper attempts to identify the factors that explain service provider readiness to fund and implement evidence-based programs for children from divorcing families. Representatives from 128 family courts in United States counties were surveyed about the programs currently being offered for families of divorce and plans for changes in the services provided. Path analyses provided evidence that readiness to adopt effective programming was predicted by (a) the presence of champions who could potentially advocate for adoption, (b) county size, and (c) community attitudes favorable to services for families of divorce. The co...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cookston, Jeffrey T.; Sandler, Irwin N.; Braver, Sanford L.; Genalo, M. Toni Source Type: journals

Mother-infant synchrony and the development of moral orientation in childhood and adolescence: Direct and indirect mechanisms of developmental continuity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Links between the temporal parameters of mother-infant synchrony and moral orientation in adolescence were examined in 31 children monitored from 3 months to 13 years. At 3 and 9 months, mother's and infant's affective states during face-to-face play were microcoded and synchrony was assessed with time-series analysis. Verbal IQ, behavior problems, child self-regulated compliance, and maternal warm control discipline were examined at 2, 4, and 6 years. Moral cognition and dialogical empathy were evaluated at 6 and 13 years. Three mechanisms of continuity were proposed: continuity in small steps, continuity through a mediat...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Feldman, Ruth Source Type: journals

Influence of group cohesion on maternal well-being among participants in a support/education group program for single mothers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Single mothers are at increased risk of psychosocial disadvantage, social isolation and physical and mental health difficulties. The authors present (1) the results of group cohesion assessments completed by mothers participating in a trial of community-based support/education groups, and (2) assessments of the association between group cohesion ratings and intervention outcomes of maternal self-evaluations of well-being (mood, self-esteem, and social support) and parenting. Mothers participating in groups completed the Group Atmosphere Scale, a measure of group cohesion, postgroup. Overall, most participants provided stro...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lipman, Ellen L.; Waymouth, Marjorie; Gammon, Tara; Carter, Patricia; Secord, Margaret; Leung, Olivia; Mills, Brenda; Hicks, Frances Source Type: journals

(How) does it make a difference? Perspectives of adults with lesbian, gay, and bisexual parents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 46 adult children of LGB parents were interviewed, and their perceptions of how growing up with LGB parents influenced them as adults were examined. Qualitative analysis revealed that adults felt that they were more tolerant and open minded and had more flexible ideas about gender and sexuality as a function of growing up with LGB parents. Participants often felt protective of their parents and the gay community, and some went to great efforts to defend them to peers, family members, and society. Some participants struggled with issues of trust in adulthood, which they related to the experience of their pare...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Goldberg, Abbie E. Source Type: journals

Risk and promotive factors related to depressive symptoms among Japanese youth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the symptoms of depression among 802 Japanese youth attending postsecondary schools in the Sapporo area. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females to determine whether the importance of risk and promotive factors varied by gender. The results showed that many factors that had been linked to depressive symptoms in Western samples were predictive of depressive symptoms in Japanese youth. The risk and promotive factors accounted for 50% and 59% of the variance in depressive symptoms for the female and male subsamples, respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Laser, Julie; Luster, Tom; Oshio, Toko Source Type: journals

Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mental health among university students represents an important and growing public health concern for which epidemiological data are needed. A Web-based survey was administered to a random sample at a large public university with a demographic profile similar to the national student population. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (R. L. Spitzer, K. Kroenke, J. B. W. Williams, & the Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group, 1999). Nonresponse weights were constructed with administrative data and a brief nonrespondent survey. The response rate was 56.6% (N = 2,843...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eisenberg, Daniel; Gollust, Sarah E.; Golberstein, Ezra; Hefner, Jennifer L. Source Type: journals

Witnessing community violence and health-risk behaviors among detained adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines whether witnessing community violence, in the 12 months prior to juvenile detention, is related and health-related outcomes in the 2 months prior to being detained among 550 youth. Participants answered survey questions using audio-computer assisted self-interviewing procedures, which assessed demographic, problem, and drug and sexual risk behaviors. Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for significant covariates, indicated that adolescents, in the last 12 months, who reported witnessing community violence, relative to their peer witnessing no violence, were in the last 2 months prior to b...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Voisin, Dexter R.; Salazar, Laura F.; Crosby, Richard; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Yarber, William L.; Staples-Horne, Michelle Source Type: journals

Quality of care after early childhood trauma and well-being in later life: Child Holocaust survivors reaching old age.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The link between deprivation and trauma during earliest childhood and psychosocial functioning and health in later life was investigated in a group of child Holocaust survivors. In a nonconvenience sample 203 survivors, born between 1935 and 1944, completed questionnaires on Holocaust survival experience and several inventories on current health, depression, posttraumatic stress, loneliness, and attachment style. Quality of postwar care arrangements and current physical health independently predicted lack of well-being in old age. Loss of parents during the persecution, year of birth of the survivors (being born before or ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: van der Hal-Van Raalte, Elisheva; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. Source Type: journals

Outcomes for youth receiving intensive in-home therapy or residential care: A comparison using propensity scores.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compares outcomes for behaviorally troubled children receiving intensive in-home therapy (IIHT) and those receiving residential care (RC). Propensity score matching is used to identify matched pairs of youth (n = 786) with equivalent propensity for IIHT. The majority of pretreatment differences between the IIHT and RC groups are eliminated following matching. Logistic regression is then conducted on outcome differences at 1 year postdischarge. Results show that IIHT recipients had a greater tendency (.615) toward living with family, making progress in school, not experiencing trouble with the law, and placement ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - February 7, 2008 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Barth, Richard P.; Greeson, Johanna K. P.; Guo, Shenyang; Green, Rebecca L.; Hurley, Sarah; Sisson, Jocelyn Source Type: journals

Adolescent female murderers: Characteristics and treatment implications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines individual and family characteristics of a population of 29 adolescent females charged with homicide or attempted homicide in the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited knowledge about adolescent females charged with homicide. Data were collected including the MAYSI-2, a risk classification instrument, and social, educational and family histories. Findings include high rates of reported substance use, delinquent peers, early indicators of mental health problems, and limited control and supervision by parents. The most common weapon used was a car and the most ...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Roe-Sepowitz, Dominique Source Type: journals

Longitudinal helpseeking patterns among victims of intimate partner violence: The relationship between legal and extralegal services.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes the pattern of formal helpseeking efforts in a sample of 406 IPV victims over the course of a year. Further, we explore the relationship between legal and extralegal helpseeking, reflecting current controversy over how these two types of interventions should be coordinated. We constructed and tested latent growth curve models using structural equation modeling to explore helpseeking patterns, and found that repeated helpseeking was common, with 80% seeking additional help during follow-up. Results also showed that legal and extralegal helpseeking decreased together over time, and that this similarity i...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Cattaneo, Lauren Bennett; Stuewig, Jeffrey; Goodman, Lisa A.; Kaltman, Stacey; Dutton, Mary Ann Source Type: journals

Gender differences in the mediated relationship between alcohol use and academic motivation among late adolescents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study utilized structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between alcohol use and academic motivation controlling for potentially mediating variables of deviant behavior, depressive cognitions, family communication, and peer relations. The study also examined the manner in which these relationships were moderated by gender. Results indicated that alcohol use was directly related to deviance for both males and females, but was not associated with depressive cognitions for either males or females. Deviant behavior was directly associated with depressive cognitions for both males and females, but this effec...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Webb, John A.; Moore, Todd; Rhatigan, Deborah; Stewart, Cynthia; Getz, J. Greg Source Type: journals

Treating depression in vulnerable urban women: A feasibility study of clinical outcomes in community service settings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a paucity of literature on direct treatment outcomes for impoverished minority populations. The current study supports the feasibility of successfully treating women for depressive symptoms in community settings where they typically seek care, adding to the small but growing direct knowledge base in this area. The sample of the 2-site study consisted of 91 women seeking treatment for depressive complaints at a homeless shelter program and a municipal hospital psychiatric clinic for Latino patients. Participants were randomly assigned to either a 16-week cognitive-behavioral group or a 16-week supportive/explorator...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Foster, RoseMarie Perez Source Type: journals

Children's self-report about violence exposure: An examination of the Things I Have Seen and Heard Scale.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined a version of the Things I Have Seen and Heard Scale in a sample of 784 children who completed the scale at both age 6 and 8. There was only modest support for the use of the scale as a set of single-item measures or as a simple sum of items. Exploratory factor analyses suggested that the scale consisted of two factors: a global/community violence scale and a home violence scale. The evidence for validity of the scales was stronger at age 8 than at age 6. These findings suggest that there may be some limits to the utility of self-reports of violence exposure in very young children. However, there is init...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Thompson, Richard; Proctor, Laura J; Weisbart, Cindy; Lewis, Terri L.; English, Diana J.; Hussey, Jon M.; Runyan, Desmond K. Source Type: journals

Posttraumatic distress and growth among wives of prisoners of war: The contribution of husbands' posttraumatic stress disorder and wives' own attachments.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined distress and growth among wives of former combat veterans and prisoners of war (POWs), and the contribution of their husband's posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the wives' own attachment style to these outcomes. Two groups of wives participated in the study: 87 wives of former POWS, and 74 wives of control veterans. The wives of POWs reported significantly higher levels of distress and growth than did the wives of the controls. Husbands' PTSD symptomatology, as well as higher levels of avoidance and anxiety dimensions of attachment, contributed positively to distress and to growth. Further studie...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Dekel, Rachel Source Type: journals

Tomorrow's players under occupation: An analysis of the association of political violent with psychological functioning and domestic violence, among Palestinian youth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 2005 survey of 2,328 youth (ages 12 to 18) in the West Bank, Palestine, revealed an association between exposure to politically violent events, domestic violence, and school violence and with psychological symptomatology. Results also found associations between family violence, family economic status, and psychological symptomatology. Respondents reported low levels of family functioning. Data revealed some geographic variability in experiences of politically violent events, domestic violence, school violence, and psychological symptomatology. Implications for practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 AP...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Al-Krenawi, Alean; Graham, John R.; Sehwail, Mahmud A. Source Type: journals

Do urban adolescents become desensitized to community violence? Data from a national survey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored whether the response of urban adolescents to community violence exposure differs from their response to family violence and sexual assault. More specifically, the authors explored whether desensitization to community violence exposure was more common compared with desensitization to other violence-related stressors. Participants included 1,245 urban adolescents drawn from a national probability sample of 4,023 youth (aged 12-17 years) who were interviewed about their history of interpersonal violence exposure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and delinquency. A negative curvilinear effe...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: McCart, Michael R.; Smith, Daniel W.; Saunders, Benjamin E.; Kilpatrick, Dean G.; Resnick, Heidi; Ruggiero, Kenneth J. Source Type: journals

Psychiatric housing: Locational patterns and choices.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated locational patterns and choices in recently sited psychiatric housing. It examined the socioeconomic attributes of the neighborhoods of a sample of supervised houses and apartments for persons with severe mental illness in seven states, and the factors associated with the choice of those locations. Using data drawn from the U.S. Census and interviews with mental health administrators and residential staff, the study identified siting patterns that linked housing affordability to development in mixed use, walkable neighborhoods that provided residents with access to community resources in a variety o...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zippay, Allison; Thompson, Amanda Source Type: journals

Mental health screening of preschool children: Validity and reliability of ABLE.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children with behavioral, emotional or language problems struggle to do well at school often with limited success. ABLE (Attention, Behavior, Language, and Emotions), a new screening tool, was used to estimate the prevalence and the severity of concerns parents and teachers have about children's school adjustment and evaluate their need for services. Data obtained from the parents and teachers of children randomly selected from public Pre-K classrooms in 6 states (N = 415) and from a mental health screening of rural and urban children (N = 5,577) support the validity and reliability of ABLE. Parents identified severe probl...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Barbarin, Oscar A. Source Type: journals

Residential treatment for children and youth: Time for reconsideration and reform.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The recent special section of the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (Volume 76(3), 2006) on Residential Treatment for Youth attracted significant attention from various sources and constituencies. Accompanying this commentary are two other commentaries, one from Lieberman and Bellonci (2007, see record 2007-11621-002) representing the American Association of Children's Residential Centers (AACRC) and another one by Whitehead, Keshet, Lombrowski, Domenico, and Green (2007, see record 2007-11621-003) representing the Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY). These commentaries represent, respectively,...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pumariega, Andres J. Source Type: journals

Ensuring the preconditions for transformation through licensing, regulation, accreditation, and standards.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Residential treatment is a potentially powerful intervention for children and families, currently facing the imperative to fundamentally change practice models to achieve greater quality efficacy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Such transformation is best accomplished from a solid foundation which is created by licensing, regulation, accreditation, and internal standards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lieberman, Robert E.; Bellonci, Christopher Source Type: journals

Definition and accountability: A youth perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reviews the systemic flaws of residential treatment facilities from a youth perspective concerning the lack of transparency, definition and accountability, and the subsequent mistreatment and human rights violations of youth experiencing emotional, behavioral, and cognitive challenges. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Whitehead, Kathryn; Keshet, Mor; Lombrowski, Brian; Domenico, Andy; Green, Donna Source Type: journals

A review of the literature on the effectiveness of housing and support, assertive community treatment, and intensive case management interventions for persons with mental illness who have been homeless.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A review of 16 controlled outcome evaluations of housing and support interventions for people with mental illness who have been homeless revealed significant reductions in homelessness and hospitalization and improvements in other outcomes (e.g., well-being) resulting from programs that provided permanent housing and support, assertive community treatment (ACT), and intensive case management (ICM). The best outcomes for housing stability were found for programs that combined housing and support (effect size = .67), followed by ACT alone (effect size = .47), while the weakest outcomes were found for ICM programs alone (effe...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nelson, Geoffrey; Aubry, Tim; Lafrance, Adele Source Type: journals

Families affected by parental mental illness: A multiperspective account of issues and interventions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A multiperspective account of the issues and subsequent interventions for families affected by parental mental illness is reviewed in this article, including those involving the children, the parent with mental illness, other family members, agencies, and society in general. An overview of various issues and interventions for families affected by parental mental illness is seen as potentially useful for practitioners and program developers as well as providing a resource bank for systematic evaluation, research, and policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Reupert, Andrea; Maybery, Darryl Source Type: journals

Impact of perceived racial discrimination and collective self-esteem on psychological distress among Vietnamese-American college students: Sense of coherence as mediator.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined whether sense of coherence mediated relationships of perceived racial discrimination and of collective self-esteem to psychological distress (depression and anxiety) among 122 Vietnamese American college students. Higher levels of perceived racial discrimination (PRD) were associated with a reduced sense of coherence (SOC) and with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Path analysis found that SOC partially mediated the relationship of PRD to depression as well as to anxiety. Higher collective self-esteem (CSE) was associated with a stronger SOC, which in turn was associated with lower depression and...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lam, Brian Trung Source Type: journals

Family systems psychiatry: Principles, good practice guidelines, clinical examples, and challenges.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article describes a collaborative action research project, carried out in Germany and designed to promote the integration of family systems thinking and methods into the core practices of everyday psychiatric care. During 1997-2002, "good practice" guidelines were compiled in an initial research project, involving 17 in- and outpatient psychiatric services. In the second phase of the project (2002-2008), the approach is now well established, being taught and evaluated in three state hospitals in Germany. This article outlines the development of the project and the application of family systems psychiatry principles, d...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Schweitzer, Jochen; Zwack, Julika; Weber, Gunthard; Nicolai, Elisabeth; Hirschenberger, Nadja Source Type: journals

Acculturation and acculturative stress as indictors for suicide risk among African Americans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The literature on African American suicide and the acculturation literature were examined to derive a possible explanation for increases in suicide deaths for African American men and apparent resilience for African American women. Historically, African Americans were believed to be unaffected by suicide because of protective factors (e.g., strong religious values and cohesive familial support systems) embedded in the culture. However, minority mental health investigators have found that acculturation sometimes leads to negative consequences for individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds. Accordingly, acculturation and a...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - November 1, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Walker, Rheeda L. Source Type: journals

Reflections by Inner-City Drug Users on a Buddhist-Based Spirituality-Focused Therapy: A Qualitative Study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A manual-guided, spirituality-focused intervention-spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy-for the treatment of addiction and HIV-risk behavior was developed as part of a Stage I behavioral therapies development project. It is theoretically grounded in cognitive and Buddhist psychologies and may be suitable for individuals of diverse faiths. The therapy development process began with focus groups to assess addicted clients' perceived need for a spirituality-focused intervention. The therapy was then codified in manual format, and a controlled clinical trial was conducted. Here the authors report on inner-city, methadone-mainta...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - June 19, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Beitel, Mark; Genova, Marla; Schuman-Olivier, Zev; Arnold, Ruth; Avants, S. Kelly; Margolin, Arthur Source Type: journals

Homophobia and Conservative Religion: Toward a More Nuanced Understanding.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, 155 undergraduate students at a Christian university were surveyed, separately assessing attitudes toward celibate versus sexually active homosexual men and women. Results of multiple regression analyses found that participants who emphasized a person-behavior distinction (an accepted tenet of conservative religious ideology) held more negative attitudes toward lesbian women than those who were comparatively more accepting and did not emphasize such a distinction. However, participants who emphasized the person-behavior distinction held more positive attitudes toward gay men than those who were comparatively...
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - June 19, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Rosik, Christopher H.; Griffith, Lois K.; Cruz, Zenaida Source Type: journals

Risk Factors for First-Time Homelessness in Low-Income Women.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Determinants of first-time homelessness were evaluated in Sacramento, California and Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania. First-time homeless women had more cumulative risks for homelessness than low-income never-homeless women, even with the putative advantage of higher levels of education. Solutions to homelessness should address more than one dimension of risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry - June 19, 2007 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Lehmann, Erika R.; Kass, Philip H.; Drake, Christiana M.; Nichols, Sara B. Source Type: journals

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