American Journal of Physiology. Cell PhysiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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375 records returned

Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on TBC1D4 regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
TBC1D4 (also known as AS160) regulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Its mode of action involves phosphorylation of Serine (S)/Threonine (T) residues by upstream kinases resulting in inactivation of Rab-GAP activity leading to GLUT4 mobilization. The majority of known phosphorylation sites on TBC1D4 lie within the Akt consensus motif and are phosphorylated by insulin stimulation. However, the 5 AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other kinases may also phosphorylate TBC1D4, and therefore we hypothesized the presence of additional phosphorylation sites. Mouse skeletal musc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Treebak JT, Taylor EB, Witczak CA, An D, Toyoda T, Koh HJ, Xie J, Feener EP, Wojtaszewski JF, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Extensive mononuclear infiltration and myogenesis characterize the recovery of dysferlin-null skeletal muscle from contraction-induced injuries.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report that dysferlin-null myofibers retain 10 kDa dextran for 3 days after large-strain injury but are lost thereafter, following necrosis and inflammation. Recovery of dysferlin-null muscle requires myogenesis, which delays the return of contractile function compared to controls, which recover from large-strain injury by repairing damaged myofibers without significant inflammation, necrosis, or myogenesis. Recovery of control and dysferlin-null muscles from small-strain injury involved inflammation and necrosis followed by myogenesis, all of which were more pronounced in the dysferlin-null, which recovered more slowly...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Roche JA, Lovering RM, Roche R, Ru LW, Reed PW, Bloch RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Abnormalities in Focal Adhesion Complex Formation, Regulation and Function in Human Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) Epithelial Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Integrin-associated focal adhesion complex formation and turnover plays an essential role in directing interactions between epithelial cells and the extra-cellular matrix during organogenesis, leading to appropriate cell spreading, cell-matrix adhesion and migration. Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is associated with loss of function of PKHD1-encoded protein Fibrocystin-1 and is characterized by cystic dilation of renal collecting tubules (CT) in utero and loss of renal function in patients if they survive the perinatal period. Normal Polycystin1 (PC-1)/focal adhesion complex function is required ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Israeli S, Amsler K, Zheleznova NN, Wilson PD Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

PI(4,5)P2 and loss of PLC{gamma} activity inhibit TRPM channels required for oscillatory Ca2+ signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The C. elegans intestinal epithelium generates rhythmic inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca(2+) oscillations that control muscle contractions required for defecation. Two highly Ca(2+) selective TRPM channels, GON-2 and GTL-1, function with PLCgamma in a common signaling pathway that regulates IP(3)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) release. A second PLC, PLCgamma, is also required for IP3-dependent Ca(2+) oscillations, but functions in an independent signaling mechanism. PLCgamma generates IP(3) that regulates IP3 receptor activity. We demonstrate here that PLCgamma via hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P2 (PIP(2)) also r...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Xing J, Strange K Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Filamin and filamin-binding proteins in integrin-regulation and adhesion. Focus on: "FilaminA is required for vimentin-mediated cell adhesion and spreading"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
not required for this manuscript type. PMID: 19923422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Macpherson M, Fagerholm S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Cytoskeletal Structure Regulates Endothelial Cell Immunogenicity Independent of Fluid Shear Stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cardiovascular disease atherosclerosis is directly linked to the functions of the endothelial cells (ECs), which are affected by fluid shear stress (FSS). High, unidirectional FSS causes EC elongation with aligned cytoskeletal components and non-immunogenic EC functions protecting against atherosclerosis. In contrast, low, oscillatory FSS is associated with cobblestone-shaped ECs with a randomly oriented cytoskeleton and pro-inflammatory EC functions that promote atherosclerosis. Whether EC shape plays a role in EC immunogenic functions, independent of FSS, has not been previously determined. The goal of this study...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vartanian KB, Berny MA, McCarty OJ, Hanson SR, Hinds MT Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Caveolin gene transfer improves glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our results suggest that caveolin is an important regulator of glucose metabolism that can enhance insulin signals. PMID: 19923424 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 18, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Otsu K, Toya Y, Oshikawa J, Kurotani R, Yazawa T, Sato M, Yokoyama U, Umemura S, Minamisawa S, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Calcium and diabetic vascular dysfunction. Focus on "Elevated Ca2+ sparklet activity during acute hyperglycemia and diabetes in cerebral arterial smooth muscle"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Editorial focus. PMID: 19907015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Dunn KM, Nelson MT Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in long QT syndrome type 5.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we identify the disease mechanisms for each mutation and reveal that T58P/L59P causes disease through a novel mechanism that involves defective I(Ks) complex assembly. PMID: 19907016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Harmer SC, Wilson AJ, Aldridge R, Tinker A Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Causes Release of Cytosolic Interleukin-18 from Human Neutrophils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Human PMNs contain IL-18 associated with f-actin in the cytoplasm, and TNFalpha stimulation causes dissociation of IL-18 from f-actin, association with lipid rafts, and extracellular release. Extracellular IL-18 participates in TNFalpha priming of the PMN oxidase as demonstrated by inhibition with the IL-18 binding protein. PMID: 19907017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Silliman CC, Kelher MR, Gamboni-Robertson F, Hamiel CR, England KM, Dinarello CA, Wyman TH, Khan SY, McLaughlin NJ, Bercovitz RS, Banerjee A Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Extracellular Osmolarity Modulates G protein-Coupled Receptor Dependent ATP Release from 1321N1 Astrocytoma Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We previously reported that ATP release from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells could be stimulated either by activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) or hypotonic stress. Cheema et al. (12) have demonstrated that thrombin activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in 1321N1 cells and primary astrocytes acts synergistically with hypotonic stress to gate the opening of volume-sensitive organic osmolyte and anion channels (VSOAC) and that hypertonic stress strongly inhibits PAR1-gating of VSOAC. We tested the hypothesis that a VSOAC-type permeability might comprise a GPCR-regulated pathway for ATP export by d...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Blum AE, Walsh BC, Dubyak GR Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

The glycophorin A (GPA)-dependent, spherostomatocytosis mutant AE1 E758K induces GPA-independent, endogenous cation transport in amphibian oocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The previously undescribed, heterozygous missense mutation E758K was discovered in the human AE1/SLC4A1/Band 3 gene in two unrelated patients with well-compensated spherostomatocytic anemia (HSt). AE1 E758K oocyte surface expression, unlike that of wildtype AE1, required coexpressed glycophorin A (GPA). The mutant polypeptide exhibited, in parallel, strong GPA-dependence of DIDS-sensitive (36)Cl(-) influx, trans-anion-dependent (36)Cl(-) efflux, and Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange activities at near wildtype levels. AE1 E758K expression was also associated with GPA-dependent increases of DIDS-sensitive pH-independent sulfate ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 11, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Stewart AK, Vandorpe DH, Heneghan JF, Chebib F, Stolpe K, Akhavein A, Edelman EJ, Maksimova Y, Gallagher PG, Alper SL Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Shockwaves increase the T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through ATP release, P2X7 receptor and FAK activation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Shockwaves elicited by transient pressure disturbances are used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Previous research has shown that shockwave treatment affects T-cell function, enhancing T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression by activating p38 MAPK signaling. Here we investigated the signaling pathway by which shockwaves mediate p38 MAPK phosphorylation. We found that shockwaves at an intensity of 0.18 mJ/mm(2) induce the release of extracellular ATP from human Jurkat T-cells at least in part by affecting cell viability. ATP released into the extracellular space stimulates P2X7-type purinergic receptors that induce ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu T, Junger W, Yuan C, Jin A, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zeng Y, Liu J Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Dysregulation of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase coupled with lipid peroxidation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that IPF cells contain high levels of free cholesterol and its peroxidized form as compared with normal TIG7 lung fibroblasts, suggesting that radical oxygen species (ROS) are generated within specific organelles. To understand the molecular basis underlying the generation of ROS in IPF cells, we performed proteomic analysis of mitochondrial proteins from TIG and IPF cells. This analysis shows that the phosphorylation of Ser-586 of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is significantly reduced in IPF cells. Similar results are obtained from immunoblotting with anti-pS586 antibody. Kinase act...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kabuyama Y, Suzuki T, Nakazawa N, Yamaki J, Homma MK, Homma Y Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II exerts glucose-dependent effects on Kv currents in mouse pancreatic beta cells via angiotensin II type 2 receptors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the effects of prolonged exposure to high glucose on mouse pancreatic beta-cells and concurrent effects on the RAS by examining changes in expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors and changes in the expression and activity of K(v) channels. beta-cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 1-7 days, and then examined with electrophysiological and molecular biology techniques. Prolonged exposure to high glucose produced a marked increase in beta-cell primary K(v) channel subunit, K(v)2.1 expression and K(v) current amplitude. Enhanced expression of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was a...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chu KY, Cheng Q, Chen C, Au LS, Seto SW, Tuo Y, Motin L, Kwan YW, Leung PS Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Acheron, a lupus antigen family member, regulates integrin expression, adhesion, and motility in differentiating myoblasts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ACHERON, A LUPUS ANTIGEN FAMILY MEMBER, REGULATES INTEGRIN EXPRESSION, ADHESION, AND MOTILITY IN DIFFERENTIATING MYOBLASTS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Nov 4; Authors: Glenn HL, Wang Z, Schwartz LM Acheron (Achn) was originally identified as novel gene that is induced when insect muscles become committed to die at the end of metamorphosis. In separate studies, we have demonstrated that Achn acts upstream of MyoD and is required by mammalian myoblasts to either differentiate or undergo apoptosis following loss of growth factors. In the present study we examined the role of Achn in regulating integrin-extrace...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Glenn HL, Wang Z, Schwartz LM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Sildenafil Inhibits Chronically Hypoxic Upregulation of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Expression in Rat Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the effect of sildenafil on basal [Ca(2+)](i), SOCE, and the expression of TRPC in PASMCs under prolonged hypoxia exposure. We also examined the effect of sildenafil on TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (PA) from rats that developed chronically hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CHPH). Compared to vehicle control, treatment with sildenafil (300 nM) inhibited prolonged hypoxia induced increases of: 1) basal [Ca(2+)](i); 2) SOCE; 3) mRNA and protein expression of TRPC in PASMCs. Moreover, sildenafil (50mg/kg/day) inhibited mRNA and protein expression of TRPC1 and TRPC6 in PA from chronic...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Lu W, Ran P, Zhang D, Peng G, Li B, Zhong N, Wang J Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Protein Expression Profiling of Lens Epithelial Cells from Prdx6-depleted Mice and Their Vulnerability to UV Radiation Exposure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Oxidative stress is one of the causative factors in the progression and etiology of age-related cataract. The Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a savior for cells from internal or external environmental stresses, plays a role in cellular signaling by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby controlling gene regulation. Using targeted inactivation of the Prdx6 gene, here we show that Prdx6-deficient lens epithelial cells (LECs) are more vulnerable to UV-triggered cell death, a major cause of skin disorders including cataractogenesis, and these cells display abnormal protein profiles. PRDX6-depleted LECs showed pheno...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kubo E, Hasanova N, Tanaka Y, Fatma N, Takamura Y, Singh DP, Akagi Y Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Revisiting the parietal cell.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article will briefly review the current model of parietal cell physiology and ion transport in particular and will update the existing models of apical and basolateral transport in the parietal cell. PMID: 19889964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kopic S, Murek M, Geibel JP Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Gq-mediated Ca2+ signals inhibit adenylyl cyclases 5/6 in vascular smooth muscle cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cyclic AMP and Ca(2+) are antagonistic intracellular messengers for the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone: rising levels of Ca(2+) lead to vasoconstriction, while an increase of cAMP induces vasodilatation. Here we investigated whether Ca(2+) interferes with cAMP signaling by regulation of phophodiesterases (PDEs) or adenylyl cyclases (ACs). We studied regulation of cAMP concentrations by Ca(2+) signals evoked by endogenous purinergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps allowed the measurement of cAMP levels in single...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: von Hayn K, Werthmann RC, Nikolaev VO, Hommers LG, Lohse MJ, Bunemann M Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Voltage-dependent facilitation of Cx46 hemichannels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gap junction channels are formed by two hemichannels in series (one from each neighboring cell), which are in turn connexin hexamers. Under normal conditions, hemichannels at the plasma membrane are mostly closed, but can be opened by changes in membrane voltage, extracellular divalent ion concentration, phosphorylation, pH and redox potential. Recently, interactions between channels have been found to modulate the activity of several ion channels, including gap junction channels. Here, we studied whether Cx46 hemichannels display such behavior. We studied the response of the Cx46 hemichannels expressed in Xenopus laev...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - November 4, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Retamal MA, Yin S, Altenberg GA, Reuss L Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced endocytosis of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in MDCK cells is associated with a clathrin dependent pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In secretory epithelial cells, the basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) plays a major role in salt and fluid secretion. Our laboratory has identified NKCC1 surface expression as an important regulatory mechanism for chloride secretion in the colonic crypt cell line T84, a process also present in native human colonic crypts. We previously showed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by carbachol and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) decreases NKCC1 surface expression in T84. However, the specific endocytic entry pathway is still not defined. We used a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line sta...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Mykoniatis A, Shen L, Chaiken MF, Tang J, Tang X, Worrell RT, Delpire E, Turner JR, Matlin KS, Bouyer P, Matthews JB Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

FOXO Signaling is Required for Disuse Muscle Atrophy and is Directly Regulated by Hsp70.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the current study was to determine if Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) directly regulates Forkhead Box O (FOXO) signaling in skeletal muscle. This aim stems from previous work demonstrating that Hsp70 overexpression inhibits disuse-induced FOXO transactivation and prevents muscle fiber atrophy. However, although FOXO is sufficient to cause muscle wasting, no data currently exist on the requirement of FOXO signaling in the progression of physiological muscle wasting, in vivo. In the current study we show that specific inhibition of FOXO, via expression of a dominant negative FOXO3a, in rat soleus muscle duri...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Senf SM, Dodd SL, Judge AR Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Anionic Leak Currents through the Na+/monocarboxylate Cotransporter SMCT1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SMCT1 is a Na(+)-coupled cotransporter of short chain monocarboxylates which is expressed in the apical membrane of diverse epithelia such as colon, renal cortex and thyroid. We previously reported that SMCT1 cotransport was reduced by extracellular Cl(-) replacement with cyclamate and that the protein exhibited an ostensible anionic leak current. In this paper, we have revisited the interaction between small monovalent anions and SMCT cotransport and leak currents. We found that the apparent Cl(-)-dependence of cotransport was due to inhibition of this protein by the replacement anion cyclamate while several other rep...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Coady MJ, Wallendorff B, Bourgeois F, Lapointe JY Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Epidermal growth factor increases lysophosphatidic acid production in human ovarian cancer cells: roles for phospholipase d2 and receptor transactivation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explores the role of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) activation in LPA production, as well as cross-talk between EGF and LPA receptors. We demonstrate that EGF and LPA both stimulate production of LPA by OVCAR3 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines. PD158780, an EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of LPA receptor signaling, inhibits LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA. Similar results were observed for the LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425. Over-expression of PLD2 increases LPA production, w...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 28, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Snider AJ, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Meier KE Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Role of TRPC1 channel in skeletal muscle function.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Skeletal muscle contraction is reputed not to depend on extracellular Ca(2+). Indeed, stricto sensu, excitation-contraction coupling does not necessitate an entry of Ca(2+). However, we previously observed that, during sustained activity (repeated contractions), an entry of Ca(2+) is needed to maintain force production. In the present study, we evaluated the possible involvement of the TRPC1 ion channel in this entry of Ca(2+) and investigated its possible role in muscle function. Patch-clamp experiments reveal the presence of a small-conductance channel (13 pS) that is completely lost in adult fibres from TRPC1(-/-) m...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zanou N, Shapovalov G, Louis M, Tajeddine N, Gallo C, Van Schoor M, Anguish I, Cao ML, Schakman OR, Dietrich A, Lebacq J, Ruegg UT, Roulet E, Birnbaumer L, Gailly P Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Functional analysis and theoretical modeling of ferroportin reveals clustering of mutations according to phenotype.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ferroportin disease is a heterogeneous iron release disorder resulting from mutations in the ferroportin gene. Ferroportin protein is a multi-transmembrane domain iron transporter, responsible for iron export from cells, which in turn is regulated by the peptide hormone hepcidin. Mutations in the ferroportin gene may affect either regulation of the protein's transporter function, or the ability of hepcidin to regulate iron efflux. We have used a combination of functional analysis of epitope-tagged ferroportin variants coupled with theoretical modeling to dissect the relationship between ferroportin mutations and their ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wallace D, Harris J, Subramaniam VN Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II enhances hyperpolarization-activated currents in rat aortic baroreceptor neurons: involvement of superoxide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As an endogenous physiologically active peptide, angiotensin (Ang) II plays an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure. In the arterial baroreceptor reflex (a pivotal regulator of blood pressure), aortic baroreceptor (AB) neurons located in the nodose ganglia (NG) are a primary afferent limb of the baroreflex. Hyperpolarization-activated currents (I(h)) in the AB neurons contribute to the excitability of the AB neurons. Therefore, the present study was to measure the modulating effect of Ang II on the Ih in the primary AB neurons isolated from rats. Data from immunofluorescent and western blot analyses show...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang L, Tu H, Li YL Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Febrile range temperature modifies cytokine gene expression in lps-stimulated macrophages by differentially modifying nf-kb recruitment to cytokine promoters.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
FEBRILE RANGE TEMPERATURE MODIFIES CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION IN LPS-STIMULATED MACROPHAGES BY DIFFERENTIALLY MODIFYING NF-KB RECRUITMENT TO CYTOKINE PROMOTERS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Oct 21; Authors: Cooper ZA, Ghosh A, Gupta A, Maity T, Benjamin IJ, Vogel S, Hasday JD, Singh IS We have previously shown that exposure to febrile-range temperatures (FRT, 39.5-40 degrees C) reduces LPS-induced TNFalpha expression, in part through the direct interaction of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) with the TNFalpha gene promoter. However, it is not known whether exposure to FRT also modifies more proximal LPS-induced sign...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cooper ZA, Ghosh A, Gupta A, Maity T, Benjamin IJ, Vogel S, Hasday JD, Singh IS Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

TGF-{beta} suppresses the up-regulation of MMP-2 by vascular smooth muscle cells in response to PDGF-BB.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-mediated recruitment to neovascular sprouts, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) de-differentiate from a contractile to a migratory phenotype. This involves the down-regulation of contractile markers such as smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin and the up-regulation of pro-migration genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. The regulation of MMP-2 in response to PDGF-BB is complex, and involves both stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways, resulting in a significant delay in up-regulation. Here, we provide evidence that the delay in MMP-2 up-regulation may be due t...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Risinger GM, Updike DL, Bullen EC, Tomasek J, Howard EW Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Elevated Ca2+ sparklet activity during acute hyperglycemia and diabetes in cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ca(2+) sparklets are subcellular Ca(2+) signals produced by the opening of L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs). In cerebral arterial myocytes, Ca(2+) sparklet activity varies regionally, resulting in low and high activity, "persistent" Ca(2+) sparklet sites. Although increased Ca(2+) influx via LTCCs in arterial myocytes has been implicated in the chain of events contributing to vascular dysfunction during acute hyperglycemia and diabetes, the mechanisms underlying these pathological changes remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased Ca(2+) sparklet activity contributes to higher Ca(2+) influx in cerebral...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Navedo MF, Takeda Y, Nieves-Cintrón M, Molkentin JD, Santana LF Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Deregulation of Apoptotic Volume Decrease and Ionic Movements in Multidrug Resistant Tumor Cells: Role of chloride channels.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Changes in cell volume and ion gradients across the plasma membrane play a pivotal role in the initiation of apoptosis. Here we explore the kinetics of apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) and ion content dynamics in wildtype (wt) and Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells (EATC). In wt EATC, induction of apoptosis with cisplatin (5 muM) leads to three distinctive AVD stages; an early AVD(1) (4-12 h), associated with a 30% cell water loss, a transition stage AVD(T) ( approximately 12 to 32 h) where cell volume is partly recovered, and a secondary AVD(2) (past 32 h) where cell volume was further reduced. AVD(1...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Poulsen KA, Andersen EC, Hansen CF, Klausen TK, Hougaard C, Lambert IH, Hoffmann EK Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Polyploidy impairs human aortic endothelial cell function and is prevented by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Polyploid endothelial cells are found in aged and atherosclerotic arteries. However, whether increased chromosome content has an impact on endothelial cell function is unknown. We show here that human aortic endothelial cells become tetraploid as they approach replicative senescence. Furthermore, accumulation of tetraploid endothelial cells was accelerated during growth in high glucose. Interestingly, induction of polyploidy was completely prevented by modest overexpression of the NAD(+) regenerating enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). To determine the impact of polyploidy on endothelial cell functi...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Borradaile NM, Pickering JG Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Editorial Focus on C-00654-2008R2,"Deregulation of Apoptotic Volume Decrease and Ionic Movements in Multidrug Resistant Tumor Cells: Role of chloride channels"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
n/a. PMID: 19846758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Civan MM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Homocysteine Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration by Induction of the Adipokine Resistin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Adipokines may represent a mechanism linking insulin resistance to cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown that homocysteine (Hcy), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can induce the expression and secretion of resistin, a novel adipokine, in vivo and in vitro. Since vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is a key event in vascular disease, we hypothesized that adipocyte-derived resistin is involved in Hcy-induced VSMC migration. To confirm our hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rat aortic SMCs were co-cultured with Hcy-stimulated primary rat epididymal adipocytes or treated directly with incr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Jiang C, Zhang H, Zhang W, Kong W, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Xu Q, Li Y, Wang X Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

EXPANDING THE FUNCTIONAL SPECTRUM OF VITAMIN K IN BONE. Focus on: "Vitamin K promotes mineralization, osteoblast to osteocyte transition and an anti-catabolic..Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Not required for the Fucus section. PMID: 19828834 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Rubinacci A Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

The role of transferrin receptor 1 and 2 in transferrin-bound iron uptake in human hepatoma cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transferrin receptor (TFR) 1 and 2 are expressed in the liver; TFR1 levels are regulated by cellular iron levels whilst TFR2 levels are regulated by transferrin saturation. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the relative importance of TFR1 and TFR2 in transferrin-bound iron (TBI) uptake by HuH7 human hepatoma cells, and (2) characterize the role of metal-transferrin complexes in the regulation of these receptors. TFR expression was altered by: [1] incubation with metal-transferrin (Tf) complexes, [2] TFR1 and TFR2 siRNA knockdown and [3] transfection with a hTFR2 plasmid. TBI uptake was measured using (59)Fe-...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Herbison CE, Thorstensen K, Chua AC, Graham RM, Leedman PJ, Olynyk JK, Trinder D Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

AMP-activated protein kinase activator A-769662 is an inhibitor of the Na+,K+-ATPase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the AMPK activator A-769662 inhibits Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and decreases the sodium pump cell surface abundance in L6 skeletal muscle cells. The effect of A-769662 on sodium pump is due to direct inhibition of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, rather than AMPK activation. This AMPK-independent effect on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase calls into question the use of A-769662 as a specific AMPK activator for metabolic studies. PMID: 19828836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Benziane B, Bjornholm M, Lantier L, Viollet B, Zierath JR, Chibalin AV Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Force augmentation and stimulated actin polymerization in swine carotid artery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we describe a similar phenomenon in swine carotid arterial smooth muscle. We find that a submaximal K(+) depolarization increases the force generation of a subsequent maximal K(+) depolarization - we term this "force augmentation." Force augmentation was not associated with a significant increase in crossbridge phosphorylation or shortening velocity during the maximal K(+) depolarization, suggesting that the augmented force was not caused by higher crossbridge phosphorylation or crossbridge cycling rates. We found that the characteristics of the tissue prior to the maximal K(+) depolarization predicted the d...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Tejani AD, Rembold CM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Role of {beta}-Arrestin1/ERK MAP Kinase Pathway in Regulating Adenosine A1 Receptor Desensitization and Recovery.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Exposure of cells to the adenosine receptor (AR) agonists leads to receptor uncoupling from G proteins and down-regulation of the A(1)AR. The receptor levels on the cell surface generally recover upon withdrawal of the agonist, due to either translocation of the sequestered A(1)AR back to plasma membrane or to de novo synthesis of A(1)AR. To examine the mechanism(s) underlying A(1)AR down-regulation and recovery, we treated ductus deferens tumor (DDT(1) MF-2) cells with the agonist, R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), and showed a decrease in membrane A(1)AR levels by 24 h, which was associated with an unexpected 11-fo...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Jajoo S, Mukherjea D, Kumar S, Sheth S, Kaur T, Rybak LP, Ramkumar V Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Developmental and functional studies of the SLC12 gene family members from Drosophila melanogaster.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporter gene family, SLC12, contains nine members in vertebrates. These include seven sodium and/or potassium-coupled chloride transporters and two membrane proteins of unknown function. Although SLC12 family members have been identified in a number of lower species, the functional properties of these proteins are unknown. There are five SLC12 homologues in Drosophila melanogaster including at least one member on each of the four main branches of the vertebrate phylogenetic tree. We have employed in situ hybridization to study the expression patterns of the Drosophila SLC12 prot...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 13, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sun Q, Tian E, Turner RJ, Ten Hagen K Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Augmented Bladder Urothelial Polyamine Signaling and Block of BK-channel in the Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder Syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study measured polyamine signaling and its downstream effects on membrane conductivity in bladder urothelial cells (BUC) obtained from asymptomatic and OAB subjects. Immunohistofluorescence was used to measure ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression in BU. BUC, cultured from BU biopsies, were used for electrophysiologic studies. D, L- alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), spermine or spermidine were used to modulate polyamine signaling in BUC. Results showed ODC over-expression in OAB BU. In OAB BUC, whole cell and cell-attached configuration showed significantly decreased currents. Using inside-out patches, outward...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Li M, Sun Y, Simard JM, Wang JY, Chai TC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Role of p47phox in Regulating Cdc42GAP, Vimentin, and Contraction in Smooth Muscle Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cdc42GAP (GTPase activating protein) has been shown to regulate smooth muscle contraction as well as cell motility, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis. We have recently shown that Cdc42GAP activity is suppressed in smooth muscle cells during contractile activation, which is reversed by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because p47(phox), a regulatory subunit of NAD(P)H oxidases, has been implicated in smooth muscle signaling, we determined whether this subunit modulates Cdc42GAP activity in response to contractile stimulation. Transfection of smooth muscle cells with plasmids encoding short hairpin RNA (...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Li QF, Tang DD Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

In vivo veritas: the power of in situ manipulation of cells in a living animal.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is none. PMID: 19812369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Baum B Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Gastrin induces the interaction between human mononuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells through the endothelial expression of p-selectin and vcam-1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Gastrin induces interactions between human mononuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells through the activation of CCK-2 receptor activation and the enhancement of endothelial P-selectin and VCAM-1. PMID: 19812370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - October 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ibiza S, Alvarez A, Romero W, Barrachina MD, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

MAITOTOXIN CONVERTS THE PLASMALEMMAL Ca2+ PUMP (PMCA) INTO A Ca2+-PERMEABLE NON-SELECTIVE CATION CHANNEL.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Maitotoxin (MTX) activates Ca(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channels and causes a dramatic increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in every cell examined to date, but the molecular identity of the channels involved remains unknown. A clue came from studies of a structurally related marine toxin called palytoxin (PTX). PTX binds to the plasmalemmal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (NKA) and converts the Na(+) pump into a non-selective cation channel. Given the high permeability of the MTX channel for Ca(2+), we considered the possibility that MTX may bind to the plasmalemmal Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) pump, and li...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sinkins WG, Estacion M, Prasad V, Goel M, Shull GE, Kunze DL, Schilling WP Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Kbg and Kv1.3 channels mediate potassium efflux in the early phase of apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microelectrode Ion Flux Estimation (the MIFE) and patch-clamp techniques were combined for non-invasive K(+) flux measurements and recording of activities of the dominant K(+) channels in the early phases of apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Staurosporine (STS, 1 muM) evoked rapid (peaking around 15 min) transient K(+) efflux, which then gradually decreased. This transient K(+) efflux occurred concurrently with the transient increase of the K(+) background (K(bg))TRESK-like current density, followed by a drastic decrease and concomitant membrane depolarization. The Kv1.3 current density remained almost constant. Kv1.3 activat...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Valencia-Cruz G, Shabala L, Delgado-Enciso I, Shabala S, Bonales-Alatorre E, Pottosin II, Dobrovinskaya OR Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

Protein kinase D mediates synergistic expression of COX-2 induced by TNF-{alpha} and bradykinin in human colonic myofibroblasts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Myofibroblasts have recently been identified as major mediators of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-associated colitis but the precise mechanism(s) involved remains incompletely understood. In particular, the possibility that TNF-alpha signaling cross talks with other pro-inflammatory mediators, including bradykinin (BK), has not been examined in these cells. Here, we show that treatment of 18Co cells, a model of human colonic myofibroblasts, with BK and TNF-alpha induce striking synergistic COX-2 protein expression that was paralleled by increases in the levels of transcripts encoding COX-2 and m-PGES-1 and by ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yoo J, Chung C, Slice LW, Sinnett-Smith J, Rozengurt E Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

FAPP2 is required for aquaporin-2 apical sorting at trans-Golgi network in polarized MDCK cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
FAPP2 is an adaptor protein of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) and is involved in the transport of some apical cargos from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). To investigate whether the regulated apical transport of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is involved in the FAPP2-dependent apical protein sorting machinery, we measured apical sorting of AQP2 in MDCK cells with or without FAPP2 knock-down. We established MDCK cell lines that stably express rat AQP2 without any tag sequence. Then, FAPP2-deficient stable cell lines were established from the AQP2-expressing cell lines by a retrovirus-mediated RNA interference system. In the ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yui N, Okutsu R, Sohara E, Rai T, Ohta A, Noda Y, Sasaki S, Uchida S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals

IFN{gamma} Regulates Retinal Pigment Epithelial Fluid Transport.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present experiments show that IFNgamma receptors are mainly localized to the basolateral membrane of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Activation of these receptors in primary cultures of human fetal RPE inhibited cell proliferation and migration, decreased RPE mitochondrial membrane potential, altered transepithelial potential and resistance, and significantly increased transepithelial fluid absorption (JV). These effects are mediated through JAK/STAT and P38 MAPK signaling pathways. Second messenger signaling through cAMP/PKA and IRF-1 dependent production of nitric oxide/cGMP stimulated the cystic fibrosis...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Miller SS, Li R, Maminishkis A, Banzon T, Wan Q, Jalickee S, Chen S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: journals