American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and neutrophil infiltration: role of cigarette smoke and cyclooxygenase products.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cigarette smoke is the main cause of Chronic Obstructve Pulmonary Disease (COPD), where it can contribute to the observed airway inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is produced within human airways, and both pro-and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported. We quantitated PGE2 concentrations in induced sputum supernatants from different groups of subjects and we correlated the obtained values to neutrophil infiltration, as well as to the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on COX-2 and PGE2 receptor expression as well as on PGE2 relea...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Profita M, Sala A, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Ferraro M, La Grutta S, Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gjomarkaj M Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Lunatic Fringe-mediated Notch signaling is required for lung alveogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Distal lung development occurs through coordinated induction of myofibroblasts, epithelial cells and capillaries. Lunatic Fringe (Lfng) is a beta1-3 GlcNAc transferase that modifies Notch receptors to facilitate their activation by Delta-like (Dll1/4) ligands. Lfng is expressed in the distal lung during saccular development and deletion of this gene impairs myofibroblast differentiation and alveogenesis in this context. A similar defect was observed in Notch2 (beta-geo/+)Notch3(beta-geo/ beta-geo) compound mutant mice, but not in Notch2 (beta-geo/+) or Notch3(beta-geo/ beta-geo) single mutants. Finally, to directly tes...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu K, Nieuwenhuis E, Cohen B, Wang W, Canty AJ, Danska J, Coultas L, Rossant J, Wu MY, Piscione TD, Nagy A, Gossler A, Hicks GG, Hui CC, Henkelman RM, Yu LX, Sled JG, Gridley T, Egan SE Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Shear stress stimulates nitric oxide signaling in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via a reduction in catalase activity: role of protein kinase c delta.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SHEAR STRESS STIMULATES NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALING IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS VIA A REDUCTION IN CATALASE ACTIVITY: ROLE OF PROTEIN KINASE C DELTA. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Nov 6; Authors: Kumar S, Sud N, Fonseca FV, Hou Y, Black SM Previous studies have indicated that acute increases in shear stress can stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity through increased PI3 kinase/Akt signaling and phosphorylation of serine 1177 (ser1177). However, the mechanism by which shear stress activates this pathway has not been adequately resolved nor has the potential role of reactiv...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kumar S, Sud N, Fonseca FV, Hou Y, Black SM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Chronic hypoxia augments depolarization-induced Ca2+-sensitization in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle through superoxide-dependent stimulation of RhoA.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rho kinase (ROCK)-dependent vasoconstriction is implicated as a major contributing factor to chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. This component of pulmonary hypertension is associated with arterial myogenicity and increased vasoreactivity to both receptor-mediated agonists and depolarizing stimuli resulting from ROCK-dependent myofilament Ca(2+) sensitization. Based on separate lines of evidence that CH increases pulmonary arterial superoxide (O2(-)) generation and that O2(-) stimulates RhoA/ROCK signaling in vascular smooth muscle (VSM), we hypothesized that depolarization-induced O2(-) generation med...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Broughton BR, Jernigan NL, Norton CE, Walker BR, Resta TC Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Altered lung surfactant system in a Rab38-deficient rat model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Several Long Evans rat substrains carrying the phenotype of oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis are a rat model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). The mutation responsible for the phenotype (Ruby) was identified as a point mutation in the initiation codon of Rab38 small GTPase that regulates intracellular vesicle transport. As patients with HPS often develop life-limiting interstitial pneumonia accompanied with abnormal morphology of alveolar type II cells, we investigated lung surfactant system in Long Evans Cinnamon rats, one strain of the Ruby rats. The lungs showed conspicuous morphology of type II cell...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Osanai K, Higuchi J, Oikawa R, Kobayashi M, Tsuchihara K, Iguchi M, Huang J, Voelker DR, Toga H Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The role of cholesterol in the biophysical dysfunction of surfactant in ventilator induced lung injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mechanical ventilation may lead to an impairment of the endogenous surfactant system, which is one of the mechanisms by which this intervention contributes to the progression of acute lung injury. The most extensively studied mechanism of surfactant dysfunction is serum protein inhibition. However, recent studies indicate that hydrophobic components of surfactant may also contribute. It was hypothesized that elevated levels of cholesterol significantly contribute to surfactant dysfunction in ventilation induced lung injury. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were randomized to either high tidal volume or low tidal volume venti...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vockeroth D, Gunasekara L, Amrein M, Possmayer F, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RA Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Strain-dependent activation of NF-{kappa}B in the airway epithelium and its role in allergic airway inflammation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nuclear Factor - kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation in the airway epithelium has been established as a critical pathway in ovalbumin (Ova)-induced airway inflammation in BALB/c mice (35). BALB/c mice are susceptible to the development of allergic airway disease while other strains of mice, such as C57BL/6, are considered more resistant. The goal of this study was to determine the proximal signals required for NF-kappaB activation in the airway epithelium in allergic airway disease, and to unravel whether these signals are strain dependent. Our previous studies conducted in the BALB/c mouse background (35) demonstrated that...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - November 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Alcorn JF, Ckless K, Brown AL, Guala AS, Kolls JK, Poynter ME, Irvin CG, Van Der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The Protective Role of Adiponectin in Pulmonary Vascular Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This a letter to the editor, commentary or persepective article. Key words: adiponectin, pulmonary hypertension, PPARgamma, insulin resistance, PDGF. PMID: 19880503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hansmann G, Rabinovitch M Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Arterial [H+] and the ventilatory response to hypoxia in humans: influence of acetazolamide-induced metabolic acidosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated possible separate effects of H(+) ions and CO2 on hypoxic sensitivity in humans. We also examined whether hypoxic sensitivity, conventionally defined as the ratio of (hypoxic -normoxic) ventilation over (hypoxic-normoxic) Hb oxygen saturation can also be estimated by taking the ratio (hypoxic-normoxic) ventilation over (log PaO2 hypoxia - logPaO2normoxia), enabling one to measure the hypoxic response independently from potential confounding influences of changes in position of the Hb oxygen saturation curve. We used acetazolamide to induce a metabolic acidosis. To determine the acute hypoxic r...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Teppema LJ, van Dorp EL, Dahan A Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Long term terbutaline exposure stimulates {alpha}1-Na+-K+-ATPase expression at posttranscriptional level in rat fetal distal lung epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transepithelial Na(+) transport through epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC) on the apical membrane and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity on the basolateral membrane of distal lung epithelial cells is critical for alveolar fluid clearance. Acute exposure to beta-adrenergic agonists stimulates lung fluid clearance by increasing Na(+) transport. We investigated the effects of chronic exposure to the beta2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline on the transepithelial Na(+) transport in rat fetal distal lung epithelia (FDLE). FDLE monolayers exposed to 10(-4) M terbutaline for 48 h had significantly increased propanolol-blockable transepithe...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Rahman MS, Gandhi SG, Otulakowski G, Duan W, Sarangapani A, O'Brodovich HM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells Prevent Thrombin-Induced Increase in Lung Vascular Permeability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since thrombin activation of endothelial cells (ECs) is well known to increase endothelial permeability by disassembly of adherens junctions (AJs) and actino-myosin contractility mechanism involving myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) on the thrombin-induced endothelial permeability response. We observed that addition of BMPCs to endothelial monolayers at a fixed ratio prevented the thrombin-induced decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of AJ integrity, and increased mouse pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficie...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 30, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao YD, Ohkawara H, Vogel SM, Malik AB, Zhao YY Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Birth of Mucus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
N/A Key words: mucin, polymer, exocytosis, calcium, bicarbonate. PMID: 19854953 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Quinton PM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation with Air Induces Apoptosis and Causes Failure of Alveolar Septation and Angiogenesis in Lungs of Newborn Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is the first to show that prolonged MV of developing lungs, without associated hyperoxia, can inhibit alveolar septation and angiogenesis, increase apoptosis and lung elastin, findings that could reflect stretch-induced changes in VEGF and TGFbeta signaling, as reported in CLD. Key words: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease (CLD), Lung growth and development, Alveolar and pulmonary capillary formation, VEGF and VEGF-R2; TGF; mechanical stretch; elastin. PMID: 19854954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Mokres LM, Parai K, Hilgendorff A, Ertsey R, Alvira CM, Rabinovitch M, Bland RD Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Regulation of inflammation by Rac2 in immune complex-mediated acute lung injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disorder associated with recruitment and activation of neutrophils in lungs. Rac2, a member of the Rho GTPase subfamily, is an essential regulator of neutrophil degranulation, superoxide release, and chemotaxis. Here, we hypothesized that Rac2 is important in mediating lung injury. Using a model of IgG immune complex-mediated ALI, we showed that injury was attenuated in rac2(-/-) mice compared with WT mice undergoing ALI, with significant decreases in alveolar leukocyte numbers, vascular leakage, and the inflammatory mediators, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteases...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Dooley JL, Abdel Latif D, St Laurent CD, Puttagunta L, Befus D, Lacy P Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Thinking Small, but with Big League Consequences: Procoagulant Microparticles in the Alveolar Space.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract not part of editorial. PMID: 19801449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zimmerman GA Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Tie2-Mediated Loss of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} in Mice Causes PDGF-Receptor {beta}-Dependant Pulmonary Arterial Muscularization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is reduced in pulmonary arteries (PA) of PA hypertension (PAH) patients, and we reported that deletion of PPARgamma in smooth muscle cells (SMC) of transgenic mice results in PAH. However, the sequelae of loss of PPARgamma in PA-endothelial cells (EC), is unknown. Therefore, we bred Tie2-Cre mice with PPARgammaflox/flox mice to induce EC loss of PPARgamma (Tie2 PPARgamma-/-), and assessed PAH by right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), RV hypertrophy (RVH), and muscularized distal PAs in room air (RA), following chronic hypoxia (CH), and after 4 weeks of recov...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Guignabert C, Alvira CM, Alastalo TP, Sawada H, Hansmann G, Zhao M, Wang L, El-Bizri N, Rabinovitch M Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Hypoxia promotes human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through induction of arginase.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell proliferation are hallmark pathogenic features of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Alterations in the metabolism of L-arginine via arginase and nitric oxide synthase play a critical role in the endothelial dysfunction seen in PAH. L-arginine metabolism by arginase produces L-ornithine and urea. L-ornithine is a precursor for polyamine and proline synthesis, ultimately leading to an increase in cellular proliferation. Given the integral role of the smooth muscle layer in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PAH, we hypothesized that hypoxia would increase cellular proliferat...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen B, Calvert AE, Cui H, Nelin LD Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 5 in the Innate Immune Response to Acute P. aeruginosa Pneumonia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
P. aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and an important pathogen in patients with chronic lung disease such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The contribution of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to the innate immune response to this organism is incompletely understood. We exposed wild-type (WT) and Tlr5(-/-) mice to aerosolized P. aeruginosa at low and high inocula then assessed bacterial clearance, lung inflammation, and cytokine production 4 and 24 hours after infection. Tlr5(-/-) mice had impaired bacterial clearance after low inoculum, but not high inoculum infection. Early bronchoalveolar ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Morris AE, Liggitt HD, Hawn TR, Skerrett SJ Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The olfactory system is affected by steroid aerosol treatment in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM IS AFFECTED BY STEROID AEROSOL TREATMENT IN MICE. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Oct 2; Authors: Mucignat-Caretta C, Bondi M, Rubini A, Calabrese F, Barbato A Asthma needs continuous treatment often for years. In humans, some drugs are administered via aerosol, therefore they come in contact with both respiratory and olfactory mucosa. We explored the possibility that anti-asthma corticosteroid treatment could influence the olfactory function by passage through the nose. A group of mice was exposed twice daily for 42 days to fluticasone propionate aerosol and was compared to a cont...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Mucignat-Caretta C, Bondi M, Rubini A, Calabrese F, Barbato A Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition requires mitochondrial ros and hypoxia-inducible factor 1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
HYPOXIA-INDUCED ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION REQUIRES MITOCHONDRIAL ROS AND HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Oct 2; Authors: Zhou G, Dada LA, Wu M, Kelly A, Trejo H, Zhou Q, Varga J, Sznajder JI Patients with acute lung injury develop hypoxia, which may lead to lung dysfunction and aberrant tissue repair. Recent studies suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. We sought to determine whether hypoxia induces EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). We found that hypoxia induced the expression of alpha smooth muscle act...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - October 1, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou G, Dada LA, Wu M, Kelly A, Trejo H, Zhou Q, Varga J, Sznajder JI Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Asthma and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ reuptake in airway smooth muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19783641 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 29, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Prakash YS, Sathish V, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Sieck GC Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Mechanisms of alveolar epithelial chloride absorption.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
not applicable Key words: alveolar epithelium, ion transport, pulmonary edema, chloride, fluid clearance. PMID: 19783638 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ingbar DH, O'Grady SM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Unpacking a gel forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, using OptiPrep density gradient ultracentrifugation, we have isolated a small amount of a stable form of the recently secreted and expanding MUC5B mucin which account for less than 2% of the total mucin present. It has an average mass of around 150 x 10(6) Da and size Rg of 150 nm in radius of gyration. In transmission electron microscopy (EM), this compact mucin has maintained a circular structure that is characterized by flexible chains connected around protein rich nodes as determined by their ability to bind colloidal gold. The appearance indicates that the assembled mucins in a single granule are organi...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Kesimer M, Makhov AM, Griffith JD, Verdugo P, Sheehan JK Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Microbial exposure early in life regulates airway inflammation in mice after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae with enhancement of local resistance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the role of early-life exposure to microbes in airway innate resistance to a respiratory pathogen. Specific-pathogen-free weanling mice were nasally exposed to the mixture of microbial extracts or PBS (control) every other day for 28 days, and intratracheally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 days after the last exposure. Exposure to microbial extracts facilitated colonization of aerobic gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic microorganisms, and Lactobacillus in the airway, compared with control exposure. In pneumococcal pneumonia, the exposure prolonged mouse survival days by suppressing bacterial growth an...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - September 24, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yasuda Y, Matsumura Y, Kasahara K, Ouji N, Sugiura S, Mikasa K, Kita E Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Rat alveolar type I cells proliferate, express OCT-4, and exhibit phenotypic plasticity in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Alveolar type I (TI) cells are large, squamous cells that cover 95-99% of the internal surface area of the lung. Although TI cells are believed to be terminally differentiated, incapable of either proliferation or phenotypic plasticity, TI cells in vitro both proliferate and express phenotypic markers of other differentiated cell types. Rat TI cells isolated in purities of >99% proliferate in culture, with a six-fold increase in cell number before the cells reach confluence; >50% of the cultured TI cells are Ki67+. At cell densities of 1-2 cells/well, ~ 50% of the cells had the capacity to form colonies. Under th...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Gonzalez RF, Allen L, Dobbs LG Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibition of Geranylgeranyltransferase Inhibits Bronchial Smooth Muscle Hyperresponsiveness in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent studies revealed an involvement of RhoA/Rho-kinase in the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM), and this pathway has now been proposed as a new target for asthma therapy. A posttranslational geranylgeranylation of RhoA is required for its activation. Thus, selective inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase may be a novel strategy for treatment of the BSM hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics. To test this hypothesis, the effect of a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor, GGTI-2133, on antigen-induced BSM hyperresponsiveness was investigated using mice with experimental asthma. Mice were sensitized and repeatedl...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Chiba Y, Sato S, Hanazaki M, Sakai H, Misawa M Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Cigarette smoke extract-induced COX-2 expression via a PKC{alpha}/c-Src/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-{kappa}B pathway and p300 in tracheal smooth muscle cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we show that COX-2 induction is dependent on PKCalpha/c-Src/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signaling in HTSMCs. CSE induced a significant increase in COX-2 expression and PGE2 generation which were reduced by pretreatment with the inhibitors of PKCalpha (Gö6976), c-Src (PP1), EGFR (AG1478), PDGFR (AG1296), PI3K (LY294002), NF-kappaB (helenalin), and p300 (garcinol), or transfection with siRNA of PKCalpha, Src, Akt, p300, or p65. Furthermore, CSE also stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src, EGFR, PDGFR, and Akt which was inhibited by pretreatment with Gö6976, PP1, AG1478, AG1296, or LY294002. Furthermo...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang CM, Lee IT, Lin CC, Yang YL, Luo SF, Kou YR, Hsiao LD Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Persistent bronchiolar remodeling following brief ventilation of the very immature ovine lung.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children and adults who were mechanically ventilated following preterm birth are at increased risk of reduced lung function, suggesting small airway dysfunction. We hypothesized that short periods of mechanical ventilation of very immature lungs can induce persistent bronchiolar remodeling that may adversely affect later lung function. Our objectives were to characterize the effects of brief, positive-pressure ventilation per se on the small airways in very immature, surfactant-deficient lungs, and to determine whether the effects persist after the cessation of ventilation. Fetal sheep (0.75 of term) were mechanically ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: O'Reilly M, Hooper SB, Allison BJ, Flecknoe SJ, Snibson K, Harding R, Sozo F Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Effects of hypercapnia with and without acidosis on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion the increased HPV during hypercapnic-acidosis is beneficial to lung gas exchange by improving ventilation-perfusion matching and preserving the capillary barrier function. These effects seem to be linked to NO-mediated pathways. Key words: hypoxia, hypercapnic acidosis, pH, capillary permeability. PMID: 19717554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 27, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ketabchi F, Egemnazarov B, Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Shid-Moosavi M, Dehghani GA, Weissmann N, Sommer N Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Influence of Cytoskeletal Structure and Mechanics on Epithelial Cell Injury during Cyclic Airway Reopening.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we hypothesized that alterations in cytoskeletal structure and mechanics can be used to reduce the cell's susceptibility to injury during airway reopening. EpC were treated with Jasplakinolide to stabilize actin filaments or Latrunculin A to depolymerize actin and then exposed to cyclic airway reopening conditions at room temperature using a previously developed in-vitro cell culture model. Actin stabilization did not affect cell viability, but significantly improved cell adhesion primarily due to the development of more numerous focal adhesions. Surprisingly, actin depolymerization significantly improved bo...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yalcin HC, Hallow KM, Wang J, Wei MT, Ou-Yang HD, Ghadiali SN Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Could N-Acetylcysteine Slow Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting EMT?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
N/A Key words: IPF, Lung Fibrosis. PMID: 19700642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Wolters PJ Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Procoagulant alveolar microparticles in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis abnormalities are observed in acute lung injury in both human disease and animal models and may contribute to ongoing inflammation in the lung. Tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of the coagulation cascade, is upregulated in the lungs of patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and likely contributes to fibrin deposition in the airspace. The mechanisms that govern TF upregulation and activation in the lung are not well understood. In the vascular space, TF-bearing microparticles (MPs) are central to clot formation and propagation. We hypothesized th...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Bastarache JA, Fremont RD, Kropski JA, Bossert FR, Ware LB Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The Triterpenoid CDDO Limits Inflammation in Preclinical Models of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Excessive inflammation in cystic fibrosis lung disease is a contributor to progressive pulmonary decline. Effective and well-tolerated anti-inflammatory therapy may preserve lung function, thereby improving quality and length of life. In this paper, we assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO in preclinical models of CF airway inflammation. In our experiments, mice carrying the R117H cftr mutation have significantly reduced airway inflammatory responses to both LPS and flagellin when treated with CDDO prior to inflammatory challenge. Anti-inflammatory effects observed include reduced airw...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Nichols DP, Ziady AG, Shank SL, Eastman JF, Davis PB Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Pulmonary effects of keratinocyte growth factor in newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acute lung injury and compromised alveolar development characterize bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of the premature neonate. High levels of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a cell-cell mediator with pleiotrophic lung effects, are associated with low BPD risk. KGF decreases mortality in hyperoxia-exposed newborn rodents, a classical model of injury-induced impaired alveolarization, although the pulmonary mechanisms of this protection are poorly defined. These were explored through in vitro and in vivo approaches in the rat. Hyperoxia decreased by 30% the rate of wound closure of a monolayer of fetal alveolar epitheli...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Franco-Montoya ML, Bourbon JR, Durrmeyer X, Lorotte S, Jarreau PH, Delacourt C Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The role of lung iron in determining the bacterial and host struggle in cystic fibrosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
THE ROLE OF LUNG IRON IN DETERMINING THE BACTERIAL AND HOST STRUGGLE IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Aug 21; Authors: Reid DW, Anderson GJ, Lamont IL Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal genetic disorder in Caucasian populations. It is a multi-organ system disease that affects the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas. The majority of morbidity and mortality in CF relates to chronic airway infection with a variety of bacterial species, commencing in very early infancy, which results in lung destruction and ultimately organ failure. The cause for recalcitrant bacteri...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Reid DW, Anderson GJ, Lamont IL Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Abrogation of TGF-{beta}1-induced Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Differentiation by Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease with no known effective pharmacologic therapy. The fibroblastic foci of IPF contain activated myofibroblasts which are the major synthesizers of type I collagen. TGF-beta1 promotes differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we investigated the molecular link between TGF-beta1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and HDAC activity. Treatment of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) with the pan-HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited TGF-beta1-mediated alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and alpha-1...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Guo W, Shan B, Klingsberg R, Qin X, Lasky JA Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Identification of the amino acid sequence that targets peroxiredoxin 6 to lysosomal-like structures of lung epithelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), an enzyme with both GSH peroxidase and phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activities, is highly expressed in respiratory epithelium where it participates in phospholipid turnover and anti-oxidant defense. Prdx6 has been localized by immunocytochemistry and sub-cellular fractionation to both acidic organelles (lung lamellar bodies and lysosomes) and cytosol. Based on their pH optima, we have postulated that protein subcellular localization determines the balance between the two activities of Prdx6. Using GFP-labeled protein expression in alveolar epithelial cell lines, we showed Prdx6 localization to org...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 20, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Sorokina EM, Feinstein SI, Milovanova TN, Fisher AB Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Mechanism Regulating Pro-Asthmatic Effects of Prolonged Homologous {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Desensitization in Airway Smooth Muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Use of long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) agonists to treat asthma incurs an increased risk of asthma morbidity with impaired bronchodilation and heightened bronchoconstriction, reflecting the adverse effects of prolonged homologous beta2AR desensitization on airway smooth muscle (ASM) function. Since phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) regulates ASM relaxation and contractility, we examined whether the changes in ASM function induced by prolonged homologous beta2AR desensitization are attributed to altered expression and action of PDE4. Cultured human ASM cells and isolated rabbit ASM tissues exposed for 24 hours ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Nino G, Hu A, Grunstein JS, Grunstein MM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Regulation of intrapleural fibrinolysis by urokinase-{alpha}-macroglobulin complexes in tetracycline-induced pleural injury in rabbits.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The proenzyme single chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) more effectively resolved intrapleural loculations in rabbits with tetracycline (TCN)-induced loculation than a range of clinical doses of two chain uPA (Abbokinase) and demonstrated a trend toward greater efficacy than single chain tPA (Activase) (Idell, et al., 2007, Exp. Lung. Res: 33: 419). scuPA more slowly generates durable intrapleural fibrinolytic activity than Abbokinase or Activase but the interactions of these agents with inhibitors in pleural fluids (PFs) have been poorly understood. PFs from rabbits with TCN-induced pleural injury treated w...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Komissarov AA, Mazar AP, Koenig K, Kurdowska AK, Idell S Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Chronic Hypercapnia Downregulates Arginase Expression and Activity and Increases Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Relaxation in the Newborn Rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In rats, chronic hypercapnia has been reported to ameliorate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn and adult, and to enhance endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in adult pulmonary arteries. The underlying mechanisms accounting for chronic hypercapnia-induced improvements in pulmonary vascular function are not understood. Hypothesizing that downregulation of arginase activity may be contributory, we examined relaxation responses, arginase activity and expression in pulmonary arteries from newborn rats that were exposed (from birth-14 days) to either mild-moderate (5.5% inhaled CO2) or severe (10% CO2) hyper...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - August 6, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Belik J, Stevens D, Pan J, Shehnaz D, Ibrahim C, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Grasemann H, Jankov RP Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Cell Cycle Actions of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effects of ectopic expression of PTHrP on proliferation and cell cycle progression of two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that are normally PTHrP-negative. Stable transfection with PTHrP decreased H1944 cell DNA synthesis, measured by thymidine incorporation, BrdU uptake and MTT proliferation assay. A substantial fraction of PTHrP-positive cells were arrested in or slowly progressing through G1. Cyclin D2 and cyclin A2 protein levels were 60-70% lower in PTHrP-expressing cells compared to control cells (P < 0.05, N = 3 independent clones per group), while expression of p27Kip1, a cyclin-...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Hastings RH, Montgrain PR, Quintana R, Rascon Y, Deftos LJ, Healy E Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Inhibition of mTOR Attenuates Store-operated Ca2+ Entry in Cells from Endarterectomized Tissues of Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the data from this study indicate the importance of the mTOR pathway in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in CTEPH and suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of rapamycin (or inhibition of mTOR) in these patients. Key words: proliferation, rapamycin, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PMID: 19633069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ogawa A, Firth AL, Yao W, Madani MM, Kerr KM, Auger WR, Jamieson SW, Thistlethwaite PA, Yuan JX Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

A Paradoxical Protective Role for the Proinflammatory Peptide Substance P Receptor (NK-1R) in Acute Hyperoxic Lung Injury.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The neuropeptide substance P manifests its biological functions through ligation of a G protein coupled receptor, the NK-1R. Mice with targeted deletion of this receptor reveal a preponderance of pro-inflammatory properties resulting from ligand activation, demonstrating a neurogenic component to multiple forms of inflammation and injury. We hypothesized that NK- 1R deficiency would afford a similar protection from inflammation associated with hyperoxia. Counter to our expectations, however, NK-1R-/- animals suffered significantly worse lung injury compared to wild type mice following exposure to 90% oxygen. Median sur...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Dib M, Zsengeller Z, Mitsialis A, Lu B, Craig S, Gerard C, Gerard NP Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Dysfunctional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Inhibits Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells with Pro-inflammatory Consequences.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and is characterized by robust airway inflammation and accumulation of apoptotic cells. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is a pivotal regulator of inflammation, because it prevents post-apoptotic necrosis and actively suppresses release of a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-8. Because CF is associated with accumulation of apoptotic cells, inappropriate levels of IL-8 and robust inflammation, we sought to determine whether CFTR-deficiency specifically impaired efferocytosis and its regulatio...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 23, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Vandivier RW, Richens TR, Horstmann SA, Decathelineau AM, Ghosh M, Reynolds SD, Xiao YQ, Riches DW, Plumb JD, Vachon E, Downey GP, Henson PM Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of mononuclear phagocytes recruited to mouse lungs in response to alveolar challenge with the TLR2-agonist Pam3CSK4.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is the first report showing that selective TLR2 stimulation by its ligand Pam3CSK4 within the alveolar compartment promoted lung inflammation in mice and induced the migration of circulatory immune cells including mononuclear phagocytes into the inflamed alveolar space. By using the transgenic CX3CR1(+/GFP) mouse strain for high purity sorting of circulating and alveolar recruited mononuclear phagocytes together with SMART pre-amplification and whole genome oligonucleotide microarray techniques we found that alveolar trafficking of mononuclear phagocytes was associated with profound changes of their gene express...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cabanski M, Wilhelm J, Zaslona Z, Steinmüller M, Fink L, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

The soluble guanylate cyclase activator HMR1766 reverses hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension in mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disabling disease with high mortality, characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and right heart hypertrophy. In mice with PH induced by chronic hypoxia, we examined the acute and chronic effects of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator HMR1766 on hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodeling. In isolated perfused mouse lungs from control animals, HMR1766 dose-dependently inhibited the pressor response of acute hypoxia. This dose response curve was shifted leftward when investigating the effects of HMR1766 in isolated lungs from chronic hypoxic animals for 21 days a...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Weissmann N, Hackemack S, Dahal BK, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R, Mittal M, Fuchs B, Medebach T, Dumitrascu R, Eickels MV, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Measurement of Extravascular Lung Water Using the Single Indicator Method in Patients: Research and Potential Clinical Value.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Extravascular lung water includes all of the fluid within the lung, but outside of the vasculature. Lung water increases as a result of increased hydrostatic vascular pressure or from an increase in lung endothelial and epithelial permeability, or both. Experimentally, extravascular lung water has been measured gravimetrically. Clinically, the chest radiograph is used to determine whether extravascular lung water is present, but is an insensitive instrument for determining the quantity of lung water. Bedside measurement of extravascular lung water in patients is now possible using a single indicator thermodilution meth...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Brown LM, Liu KD, Matthay MA Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Maturation of O2 sensing and signalling in the chicken ductus arteriosus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The increase in O2 tension after birth is a major factor stimulating ductus arteriosus (DA) constriction and closure. Herein, we have studied the role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) as sensor, H2O2 as mediator, and voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) and Rho kinase as effectors of O2-induced contraction in the chicken DA during fetal development. Switching from 0% to 21% O2 contracted the pulmonary side of the mature DA (mature pDA) whereas had no effect in immature pDA and relaxed the aortic side of the mature DA (mature aDA). This contraction of the pDA was attenuated by inhibitors of the mitoc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Cogolludo AL, Moral-Sanz J, Van der Sterren S, Frazziano G, van Cleef AN, Menendez C, Zoer B, Moreno E, Roman A, Perez-Vizcaino F, Villamor E Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

Neonatal oxygen adversely affects lung function in adult mice without altering surfactant composition or activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Supplemental oxygen is often used to treat premature infants in respiratory distress despite its potentially adverse effects on lung development and function. To understand how neonatal hyperoxia can permanently disrupt lung development, we previously reported that adult mice exposed to 100% FiO2 between postnatal days 1 - 4 have increased lung compliance, greater alveolar simplification, and disrupted epithelial development. Here, we investigate whether oxygen-induced changes in lung function are attributable to defects in surfactant composition and activity, structural changes in alveolar development, or both. Newbor...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Yee M, Chess PR, McGrath-Morrow SA, Wang Z, Gelein R, Zhou R, Dean DA, Notter RH, O'Reilly MA Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals

L-citrulline Ameliorates Chronic Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborn Piglets.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Newborn piglets develop pulmonary hypertension and have diminished pulmonary vascular nitric oxide (NO) production when exposed to chronic hypoxia. NO is produced by eNOS in the pulmonary vascular endothelium using L-arginine as a substrate and producing L-citrulline as a byproduct. L-citrulline is metabolized to L-arginine by two enzymes that are co-located with eNOS in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if oral supplementation with L-citrulline during exposure of newborn piglets to 10 days of chronic hypoxia would prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension and incr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology - July 16, 2009 Category: Cytology Authors: Ananthakrishnan M, Barr FE, Summar ML, Smith HA, Kaplowitz MR, Cunningham G, Magarik J, Zhang Y, Fike CD Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: journals