AnaerobeThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the latest items in this publication.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5

236 records returned

Propionibacterium acnes as an etiological agent of arthroplastic and osteosynthetic infections - two cases with specific clinical presentation including formation of draining fistulae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes two patients with orthopaedic implant infections, with specific clinical presentations including formation of draining fistulae. Propionibacterium acnes was isolated in multiple cultures in both cases. Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of the isolates clearly emphasizes the significance of P. acnes as an etiological agent of implant infections. These infections are insidious with delayed presentation of symptoms and may have been overlooked because of the consideration of P. acnes as a contaminating commensal as well as the frequent use of suboptimal culture procedures. PMID: 19895893 [PubMe...
Source: Anaerobe - November 3, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Söderquist B, Holmberg A, Unemo M Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

A severely symptomatic case of anaerobic chronic bacterial prostatitis successfully resolved with moxifloxacin therapy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been demonstrated that patients showing symptoms of chronic bacterial prostatitis but culture-negative prostate-specific specimens can benefit from administration of antibacterial agents. This suggests that organisms that are not isolated in the routine practice may be responsible for prostate infection in an undefined fraction of subjects. Anaerobic bacteria have been proposed to play a pathogenic role in CBP, on the basis of studies describing clinical remission after eradication of pathogens like Peptostreptococcus spp. or Bacterioides spp. from prostatic secretions of symptomatic patients, or the significant...
Source: Anaerobe - October 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Magri V, Restelli A, Marras E, Perletti G Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Oral Microbiota of Children in a School-based Dental Clinic.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, while there was a high rate of dental caries in disadvantaged school children, there were no differences in the caries-associated microbiota, including S. mutans, based on ethnicity or immigration status. Furthermore, while anaerobic subgingival, periodontal pathogens were also detected in children, there was no difference in species detection based on ethnicity or immigration status. Increased levels of streptococci, including S. mutans, however, were detected with high caries levels. This suggested that while it is beneficial to target preventive and treatment programs to disadvantaged popu...
Source: Anaerobe - October 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Soncini JA, Kanasi E, Lu SC, Nunn ME, Henshaw MM, Tanner AC Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Intestinal microflora functions in laboratory mice claimed to harbor a "normal" intestinal microflora is the SPF concept running out of date?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19854284 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - October 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Norin E, Midtvedt T Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Clostridium difficile testing algorithms: What is practical and feasible?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There has been renewed interest in the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infections due in large measure to the increase in both numbers and severity of cases of this disease. For the past two decades, enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of first C. difficile toxin A and then toxin A and B have been the most widely-used diagnostic test for diagnosis of C. difficile infections. Recently this diagnostic approach has been called into question by the recognition that a screening test which detects glutamate dehydrogenase, a cell wall antigen of C. difficile, was significantly more sensitive than toxin A...
Source: Anaerobe - October 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Schmidt ML, Gilligan PH Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Sequence analysis of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid of Clostridium butyricum and expression of the bacteriocin gene in Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A small cryptic plasmid, namely, pCBM588, was obtained from Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) -a bacterium used in probiotics. The complete sequence of pCBM588 was determined. The size of pCBM588 was 8060bp and the G+C content was 24.3%. Nine open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, and ORF3 showed significant homologies with a structural bacteriocin gene of C. tyrobutyricum. The putative bacteriocin gene was inserted into the pET21d expression vector in frame; it was expressed as a His-tagged recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). A total of 10240 AU of the recombinant bacteriocin were purified...
Source: Anaerobe - October 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nakanishi S, Tanaka M Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, is a causative agent of human gas gangrene that leads to severe rapid tissue destruction and can cause death within hours unless treated immediately. Production of several toxins is known to be controlled by the two-component VirR/VirS system involving a regulatory RNA (VR-RNA) in C. perfringens. To elucidate the precise regulatory network governed by VirR/VirS and VR-RNA, a series of microarray screening using VirR/VirS- and VR-RNA-deficient mutants was performed. Finally, by qRT-PCR analysis, 147 genes (30 single genes and 21 putative operons) were confirme...
Source: Anaerobe - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ohtani K, Hirakawa H, Tashiro K, Yoshizawa S, Kuhara S, Shimizu T Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Rare extraintestinal infection caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report here on rare extraintestinal infection caused by toxigenic C. difficile: 31-year-old male, accident victim was admitted to the hospital because of polytrauma. Microbiological examination of the pus revealed a toxin-producing C. difficile as an etiologic factor of this infection. Empiric antibiotic treatment with cefuroxime had been administered right after the positive microbiological result. On the basis of antibiotic susceptibility testing, the isolated strain was susceptible to most antimicrobials, except from cefoxitin, thus cefuroxime was changed to imipenem. PMID: 19835967 [PubMed - as supplied by publi...
Source: Anaerobe - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Urbán E, Terhes G, Markotics A, Sóki J, Nagy E Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Evidence-based review of probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Probiotics are living microbes taken to confer a health benefit on the host. Although probiotics have a long history of use in Europe and Asia and have been on the U.S. market for over 14 years, there is still confusion about how to effectively use them. The use of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) has been tested in randomized controlled clinical trials. This paper will review the evidence supporting probiotic therapy for these two diseases and also review the advantages and disadvantages of probiotics. The advantages of pr...
Source: Anaerobe - October 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: McFarland LV Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Diversity of moxifloxacin resistance during a nosocomial outbreak of a predominantly ribotype ARU 027 Clostridium difficile diarrhea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To characterize the extent and diversity of moxifloxacin resistance among Clostridium difficile isolates recovered during a predominantly Anaerobe Reference Unit (ARU) ribotype 027-associated nosocomial outbreak of antibiotic associated diarrhea we measured the susceptibility of 34 field isolates and 6 laboratory strains of C. difficile to moxifloxacin. We ribotyped the isolates as well as assaying them by PCR for the metabolic gene, gdh, and the virulence genes, tcdA, tcdB, tcdC, cdtA and cdtB. All the laboratory isolates, including the historical ARU 027 isolate Cd196, were susceptible to moxifloxacin (</= 2mug/mL...
Source: Anaerobe - October 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Carman RJ, Genheimer CW, Rafii F, Park M, Hiltonsmith MF, Lyerly DM Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Decrease in anaerobe-related bacteraemias and increase in Bacteroides species isolation rate from 1998 to 2007: A retrospective study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
22 Conflicting data have accumulated in recent years regarding the incidence of anaerobic bacteraemias. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteraemias due to anaerobic bacteria and evaluate the importance of anaerobic blood cultures in a university hospital in Israel. A retrospective survey which focused on anaerobic blood culture bottles was performed on blood cultures received in our laboratory during the decade from January 1998 to December 2007. Anaerobic-related bacteraemias decreased during that period, whereas a significant increase was observed in Bacteroides species isolated from the blo...
Source: Anaerobe - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lazarovitch T, Freimann S, Shapira G, Blank H Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Fecal bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as a major complication associated with the use of systemic antimicrobial agents. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents disrupt the ecological bacterial balance in the colon and create an opportunity for C. difficile overgrowth with attendant production of toxins and clinical symptoms of colitis. Recommended therapies for CDI include oral administration of metronidazole or vancomycin for 10 to 14 days. However, 5% to 35% of patients experience infection relapse after completion of treatment. Recently, patients who failed to resolve their infection with conventional therap...
Source: Anaerobe - September 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bakken JS Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Varied Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in an Integrated Swine Operation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of Clostridium difficile (Cd) among different age and production groups of swine in a vertically integrated swine operation in Texas in 2006 and to compare our isolates to other animal and human isolates. Results are based on 131 Cd isolates from 1008 swine fecal samples and pork trim samples (overall prevalence of 13%). The prevalence (number positive/number tested in production type) of Cd was different between the groups (P</=0.001), and was highest among suckling piglets at 50.0% (61/122), followed by 23.8% (34/143) for lactating sows and effluent from the ...
Source: Anaerobe - September 20, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Norman KN, Harvey RB, Scott HM, Hume ME, Andrews K, Brawley AD Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Comparison of VIDAS CDAB and CDA2 for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B in a tcdA(-)tcdB(+)C. difficile prevalent area.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compared the performance of the new VIDAS C. difficile Toxin A & B assay (CDAB) with that of the existing VIDAS C. difficile Toxin A II assay (CDA) in a tcdA(-)tcdB(+) prevalent area. A total of 555 fecal samples were cultured and tested using CDAB and CDA. C. difficile was isolated in 150 samples and the concordance rate was 81.8% (454/555) between CDAB and CDA. PCR assays for tcdA and/or tcdB were used as a confirmatory test on C. difficile strains recovered from culture positive cases (n=150) and on fecal specimens in culture negative/CDAB positive or equivocal cases (n=27). The number of tcdA(+)tcdB(+), ...
Source: Anaerobe - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shin BM, Lee EJ, Kuak EY, Yoo SJ Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Typing and susceptibility of bacterial isolates from the fidaxomicin (opt-80) phase ii study for c. difficile infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: These results underscore the high prevalence of the BI epidemic strain and demonstrate that mild to moderate CDI infection as well as severe disease can be caused by these strains. Fidaxomicin cure rates for subjects with BI and with non-BI strains are similar, although the small numbers of subjects preclude a robust statistical comparison. PMID: 19755166 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - September 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Citron D, Babakhani F, Goldstein E, Nagaro K, Sambol S, Sears P, Shue YK, Gerding D Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Clostridium difficile infection: Historic review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19755167 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - September 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bartlett JG Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Distribution of Clostridium difficile Strains from a North American, European and Australian Trial of Treatment for C. difficile Infections: 2005-2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, REA typing was performed on 894 C. difficile isolates from patients enrolled from 16 countries on three continents in two large, recently conducted clinical treatment trials of C. difficile infection. REA group BI (Ribotype 027) isolates were the most common strains identified and were widely distributed throughout North America, but restricted to three of thirteen countries in Europe. REA group J (Ribotype 001) isolates were the most common strains identified in Europe and non-specific REA groups (historically less frequent) were the most common strains identified in Australia. REA groups BI, J, G and CF co...
Source: Anaerobe - September 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cheknis AK, Sambol SP, Davidson DM, Nagaro KJ, Mancini MC, Aida Hidalgo-Arroyo G, Brazier JS, Johnson S, Gerding DN Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Bacteremia with a large clostridial toxin-negative, binary toxin-positive strain of Clostridium difficile.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this report, we describe a case of C. difficile bacteremia caused by an unusual strain of C. difficile. The isolate contained neither toxin A nor B genes, however, binary toxin genes were present (tcdA(-), tcdB(-), cdtA(+), cdtB(+)) and a 7.2-kb element unrelated to the PaLoc was found inserted within the PaLoc integration site. The clinical relevance of the isolate could not be determined. PMID: 19723585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - August 28, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Elliott B, Reed R, Chang BJ, Riley TV Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

The fascination with probiotics for Clostridium difficile infection: lack of evidence for prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no persuasive evidence to support the use of bacterial/yeast products for the prevention or treatment of CDI. Oral preparations may not contain what is indicated on the label. Widespread use of some products may lead to bloodstream infections in susceptible individuals, and careless use of S. boulardii in an intensive care setting may place other patients at risk. At the present time, oral bacterial/yeast products do not have a role in the prevention or therapy of CDI. PMID: 19699309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - August 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Miller M Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Rifaximin Redux: Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infections with Rifaximin Immediately Post-Vancomycin Treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report our continued experience with rifaximin as a post-vancomycin treatment strategy in six patients with multiple recurrences of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Four of the six patients (67%) had no further diarrhea episodes, but two patients failed shortly after or during the rifaximin treatment. C. difficile isolates from one of the two patients who failed treatment had an MIC of >256 ug/ml to rifampin. Serial therapy with vancomycin, followed by rifaximin remains an option for some patients with multiple CDI recurrences. PMID: 19698797 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - August 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Johnson S, Schriever C, Patel U, Patel T, Hecht DW, Gerding DN Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus isolates originating from porcine intestine and feces.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a total of 94 lactic acid bacterial (LAB) isolates of porcine small intestinal and fecal origin were screened for their probiotic properties. The aim was to evaluate whether their isolation site and putative species identity play a role in these characteristics and whether either of these can be used as a predictive factor for the probiotic potential of bacterial isolates. The isolates were preliminarily identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and characterized in vitro for their pH and bile tolerance, adhesion capacity towards porcine enterocytes isolated from five intestinal sites and for antimicrob...
Source: Anaerobe - August 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lähteinen T, Malinen E, Koort JM, Mertaniemi-Hannus U, Hankimo T, Karikoski N, Pakkanen S, Laine H, Sillanpää H, Söderholm H, Palva A Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Approaches to the study of the systematics of anaerobic, Gram negative, non-spore-forming rods; current status and perspectives.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present article gives an overview of recent taxonomic changes among the Gram negative, anaerobic rods, briefly highlighting areas where the biology and ecology have a bearing on recent nomenclatorial changes. The focus is among the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Leptotrichia, Dysgonomonas, Fusobacterium and the Synergistes group and additionally demonstrates the value of conserved indels and group-specific proteins for identifying and circumscribing many of these taxa and the Bacteroidetes-Chlorobi species in general. PMID: 19695337 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - August 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shah HN, Olsen I, Bernard K, Finegold SM, Gharbia S, Gupta RS Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Use of 2-D electrophoresis and ESI Mass Spectrometry techniques to characterize Fusobacterium nucleatum proteins up-regulated after oxidative stress.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The genus Fusobacterium belongs to the Fusobacteroidaceae family and is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterium found in the human oral microbiota. Even that F. nucleatum cannot grow under aerobic conditions, they may exhibit aerotolerance as an adaptive response which could figure as an important virulence factor, during the stages of infection, when these anaerobes are shifted to aerobic conditions. In this regard, little is known about bacterial oxidative stress adaptive response and the influence of this adaptation on the host-bacteria relationship. We aimed to use both techniques 2-DE and Electrospray Ionizat...
Source: Anaerobe - August 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Silva VL, Diniz CG, Santos SG, Carvalho MA, Farias LM Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

C difficile infection (CDI) in a long-term acute care facility (LTAC).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: C. difficile carriage and unsuspected clinical CDI occurs, including with the BI epidemic strain disease, in an important minority of patients, which may act as a reservoir for spread. New strategies for detection and prevention of CDI are needed. PMID: 19683064 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - August 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Goldstein EJ, Polonsky J, Touzani M, Citron DM Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Characterization of an ATP-binding cassette from Clostridium perfringens with homology to an ABC transporter from Clostridium hathewayi.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A ciprofloxacin-resistant mutant of Clostridium perfringens, strain VPI-C, which had stable mutations in the topoisomerase genes, accumulated less norfloxacin and ethidium bromide than the wild type, strain VPI. Efflux pump inhibitors both increased the accumulation of ethidium bromide by cells of the mutant and enhanced their sensitivity to this toxic dye. Cloning a gene, which codes for a putative ABC transporter protein (NP_562422) of 527 amino acids, from the mutant strain VPI-C into the wild-type strain VPI not only reduced the accumulation of ethidium bromide by the recombinant strain but also reduced its sensiti...
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rafii F, Park M, Carman RJ Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus RY2 isolated from healthy infancy feces on the growth and adhesion characteristics of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that L. acidophilus RY2 could be used as a probiotic organism against EAggEC. PMID: 19655424 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lin PP, Hsieh YM, Tsai CC Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Growth promotion and cell binding ability of bovine lactoferrin to Bifidobacterium longum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lactoferrin, a major whey protein of human milk, is considered as growth promoter for bifidobacteria, the predominant microorganisms of human intestine. In the present study, in vitro growth promotion and cell binding ability of bovine lactoferrin to several strains of Bifidobacterium longum have been demonstrated. A dose-dependent as well as strain-dependent growth promotion effect by lactoferrin was observed. Cell binding ability of lactoferrin was inspected under an inverted confocal laser scanning microscope by incubation bacterial cells with biotinylated bovine lactoferrin and FITC-conjugated avidin. Fluorescence ...
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rahman MM, Kim WS, Ito T, Kumura H, Shimazaki K Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

In-feed administered sub-therapeutic chlortetracycline alters community composition and structure but not the abundance of community resistance determinants in the fecal flora of the rat.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The impact of continuous sub-therapeutic chlortetracycline on community structure, composition and abundance of tetracycline resistance genes in the rat fecal community was investigated. Rats were fed a standard diet containing chlortetracycline at 15 microg g(-1) diet for 28 days, followed by 30 microg g(-1) diet to completion of the study on day-56. These levels are similar to those administered to swine during the grow-out phase. Sub-therapeutic chlortetracycline affected the fecal community as determined through change in the cultivable anaerobic community and through molecular-based analyses including denaturing g...
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Brooks SP, Kheradpir E, McAllister M, Kwan J, Burgher-McLellan K, Kalmokoff M Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Oral Lactobacillus species in type 2 diabetic patients living in southern Thailand.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although lactobacilli are part of normal oral, gastrointestinal and genitourinary flora, they are an uncommon cause of infections in human. Lactobacillus-associated infections have generally occurred in patients with serious underlying conditions e.g. diabetes and cancer that might favour certain microorganisms. The aim of this study was to characterize species and genotypes of lactobacilli isolated from diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. One hundred and five type 2 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic subjects were recruited in this study. A total of 170 isolates of Lactobacillus were identified using 16S ...
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Teanpaisan R, Hintao J, Dahlén G Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

I cultivated my first strict anaerobes during the early days of my life.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19643370 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - July 31, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Songer JG Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Safety evaluation of probiotic bifidobacteria by analysis of mucin degradation activity and translocation ability.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although probiotic-containing nutrient formulas for infants and toddlers have become very popular, some adverse effects related to translocation of probiotic strains have been reported. We assessed the safety of probiotic bifidobacteria that have been used in clinical investigations and proven to have beneficial effects, by analyzing mucin degradation activity and translocation ability. Mucin degradation activities of three probiotic bifidobacteria strains; Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and Bifidobacterium infantis M-63, were evaluated by three in vitro tests comprising growth in liquid medi...
Source: Anaerobe - July 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Abe F, Muto M, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Aihara H, Ohashi Y, Fujisawa T Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Microbial diversity in ostrich ceca as revealed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone library and detection of novel Fibrobacter species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents the very complex ostrich cecal microbial community, in which the majority of the bacterial species have not yet been cultivated. PMID: 19632349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - July 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Matsui H, Kato Y, Chikaraishi T, Moritani M, Ban-Tokuda T, Wakita M Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Diversity of Clostridium difficile in pigs and other animals in Slovenia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A study of Clostridium difficile diversity in pigs, calves and horses in Slovenia was conducted. A total of 547 samples were collected and C. difficile was isolated from 247/485 (50.9%) piglet samples, from 4/42 (9.5%) calf samples, and 1/20 (5%) horse samples. The isolates were characterized by toxinotyping, PCR-ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using restriction endonuclease SmaI. Piglet isolates belonged to two toxinotypes (V and 0), four PCR-ribotypes (066, 029, SI 011, SI 010), and six pulsotypes. Bovine isolates were grouped into two toxinotypes (XIa and 0), three PCR-ribotypes (077, 002, 03...
Source: Anaerobe - July 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jana A, Sandra J, Mateja P, Maja R, Valerija Z, Katarina L, Modest V, Mateja Z, Tina P, Matjaz O Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Mixed infection involving Actinomyces, Aggregatibacter, and Fusobacteruim species presenting as perispinal tumor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A representative case in which a polymicrobial infection involving Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces israelii and Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans was initially diagnosed as malignancy in an edentulous patient. Additional history obtained after the nature of the syndrome was elucidated revealed that he had had his two remaining teeth extracted four months prior to this episode. PMID: 19628046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - July 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ghafghaichi L, Troy S, Budvytiene I, Banaei N, Baron EJ Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

ARISA Analysis of Ruminal Bacterial Community Dynamics in Lactating Dairy Cows During the Feeding Cycle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The bovine rumen undergoes substantial changes in environmental conditions during the animal's feeding cycle, but the effects of these changes on microbial populations has not been examined systematically. Two dairy cows fed a mixed forage/concentrate ration at 12 h intervals over 4 feeding cycles displayed substantial changes in ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) of solid- and liquid-associated bacterial populations in samples collected at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h after feeding revealed a high degree of bacterial diversity. A total of 155 differe...
Source: Anaerobe - July 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Welkie DG, Stevenson DM, Weimer PJ Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Diagnostic trends in Clostridium difficile detection in Finnish microbiology laboratories.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, culturing C. difficile is common and there has been a favorable shift in toxin detection practice in Finnish clinical microbiology laboratories. However, the variability in diagnostic activity reported in 2006 creates a challenge for national monitoring of the epidemiology of C. difficile and related diseases. PMID: 19591954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - July 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Könönen E, Rasinperä M, Virolainen A, Mentula S, Lyytikäinen O Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Sudan azo dyes and Para Red degradation by prevalent bacteria of the human gastrointestinal tract.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined thirty-five prevalent species of human intestinal bacteria to evaluate their capacity to degrade Sudan dyes and Para Red. Among these tested bacterial strains, 23, 13, 33, 30, and 29 out of 35 species tested were able to reduce Sudan I, II, III, IV, and Para Red, respectively, to some extent. Bifidobacterium infantis, Clostridium indolis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Ruminococcus obeum were able to reduce completely all four tested Sudan dyes and Para Red. Escherichia coli and Peptostreptococcus magnus were the only two strains that were not able to reduce any of the tested...
Source: Anaerobe - July 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xu H, Heinze TM, Paine DD, Cerniglia CE, Chen H Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Relationship between the resistance to bile salts and low pH with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of Bifidobacterium spp. Isolated from infants feces and breast milk.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a total of 31 Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated from breast fed infants feces and breast milk samples. As a result of the identification tests, isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium breve (15 strains), B. bifidum (11 strains), B. pseudocatenulatum (3 strains) and B. longum (2 strains). Bifidobacterium spp. were determined exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. EPS productions observed at chance rations (38.00 to 97.64mg/l) among of Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium spp. were determined resistance to bile salts and low pH. Positive correlations between production of exopolysaccharide and r...
Source: Anaerobe - June 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alp G, Aslim B Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Dysgonomonas hofstadii sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical source.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Gram-negative staining, facultative anaerobic, cocco-bacillus-shaped organism was isolated from a post-operative abdominal wound. Based on morphological and biochemical criteria, strain MX 1040 (=CCUG 54731(T)) was tentatively identified as Bacteroidaceae but did not correspond to any recognized species of this family. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated the organism to be related to species of the genus Dysgonomonas, although sequence divergence values of >5% with the other members of this genus demonstrated the organism to represent a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the novel...
Source: Anaerobe - June 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lawson PA, Carlson P, Wernersson S, Moore ER, Falsen E Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Innate Immune Recognition of, and Response to, Clostridium sordellii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clostridium sordellii, an anaerobic pathogen, has recently been associated with rapidly fatal infections following medically-induced abortions and injecting drug use. Patients with C. sordellii infection display few signs of inflammation such as fever, or redness and pain at the site of infection. We hypothesized that this could be due to reduced recognition of the organism by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. An ELAM-NF-kappaB luciferase reporter system in TLR-transfected HEK cells was used to measure TLR-dependent recognition of washed, heat-killed C. sordellii and other pathogenic clostridial s...
Source: Anaerobe - June 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Aldape MJ, Bryant AE, Katahira EJ, Hajjar AM, Finegold SM, Ma Y, Stevens DL Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Spatial and Temporal Changes in the Microbial Community in an Anaerobic Swine Waste Treatment Lagoon.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, both quantitative (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and qualitative (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning, sequence analysis) molecular analyses were used to track spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community of swine slurry from a 0.4ha anaerobic lagoon. The lagoon, located in a region of western Kentucky which has a humid, subtropical environment, was sampled on a monthly basis (n=10) over a period of one year at four different depths (top, 51cm from the top, 152cm from the top, and bottom (> 198cm). The concentration and diversity of Bacteroides sp. was seasonal (up to 90% de...
Source: Anaerobe - June 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cook KL, Rothrock1 MJ, Lovanh N, Sorrell JK, Loughrin JH Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Comparative genomic analysis of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium species using partial genome sequence: phylogenetic analysis of a few conserved proteins involved in cellular processes and metabolism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clostridial organisms produce neurotoxins, which are generally regarded as the most potent toxic substances of biological origin and potential biological warfare agents. Clostridium tetani produces tetanus neurotoxin and is responsible for the fatal tetanus disease. In spite of the extensive immunization regimen, the disease is an important cause of death especially among neonates. Strains of C. tetani have not been genetically characterized except the complete genome sequencing of strain E88. The present study reports the genetic makeup and phylogenetic affiliations of an environmental strain of this bacterium with re...
Source: Anaerobe - June 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alam SI, Dixit A, Tomar A, Singh L Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Lethal Toxin is a Critical Determinant of Rapid Mortality in Rodent Models of Clostridium sordellii Endometritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The toxigenic anaerobe Clostridium sordellii is an uncommon but highly lethal cause of human infection and toxic shock syndrome, yet few studies have addressed its pathogenetic mechanisms. To better characterize the microbial determinants of rapid death from infection both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to compare a clinical strain of C. sordellii strain (DA-108), isolated from a patient who survived a disseminated infection unaccompanied by toxic shock syndrome, to a virulent reference strain (ATCC9714). Rodent models of endometrial and peritoneal infection with C. sordellii ATCC9714 were rapidly lethal, ...
Source: Anaerobe - June 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hao Y, Senn T, Opp J, Young VB, Thiele T, Srinivas G, Huang SK, Aronoff DM Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Effect of chlorate, molybdate, and shikimic acid on Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in aerobic and anaerobic cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Experiments were conducted to determine factors that affect sensitivity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to sodium chlorate (5mM). In our first experiment, cultures grown without chlorate grew more rapidly than those with chlorate. An extended lag before logarithmic growth was observed in anaerobic but not aerobic cultures containing chlorate. Chlorate inhibition of growth during aerobic culture began later than that observed in anaerobic cultures but persisted once inhibition was apparent. Conversely, anaerobic cultures appeared to adapt to chlorate after approximately 10h of incubation, exhibiting rapid com...
Source: Anaerobe - June 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Oliver CE, Beier RC, Hume ME, Horrocks SM, Casey TA, Caton JS, Nisbet DJ, Smith DJ, Krueger NA, Anderson RC Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Necrobacillosis: A case report of complicated Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of necrobacillosis defined by Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia with epidural and pararectal fluid collection without evidence of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis. PMID: 19501182 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)
Source: Anaerobe - June 3, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Darling MJ, Bryant SD, Kunz AN, Weisse ME Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Physical and genetic characterization of an outer-membrane protein (OmpM1) containing an N-terminal S-layer-like homology domain from the phylogenetically Gram-positive gut anaerobe Mitsuokella multacida.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thin sectioning and freeze-fracture-etch of the ovine ruminal isolate Mitsuokella multacida strain 46/5(2) revealed a Gram-negative envelope ultra-structure consisting of a peptidoglycan wall overlaid by an outer membrane. Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) analysis of whole cells, cell envelopes and Triton X-100 extracted envelopes in combination with thin-section and N-terminal sequence analyses demonstrated that the outer membrane contained two major proteins (45 and 43 kDa) sharing identical N-termini (A-A-N-P-F-S-D-V-P-A-D-H-W-A-Y-D). A gene encoding a protein with a predicted N-t...
Source: Anaerobe - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kalmokoff ML, Austin JW, Cyr TD, Hefford MA, Teather RM, Selinger LB Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on murine splenic immune response induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the induction of murine splenic immune response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. BALB/c mice were immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS and a control group was sham-immunized. Spleen cells were obtained, cultured and stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS with or without the presence of S-nitroso acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, and carboxy-PTIO, an NO scavenger. Culture supernatants were assessed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, specific IgG subclass lev...
Source: Anaerobe - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Seymour GJ Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

MLST analysis reveals a highly conserved core genome among poultry isolates of Clostridium septicum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach was utilized to examine evolutionary relationships within a diverse collection of C. septicum isolates recovered from poultry flocks experiencing episodes of gangrenous dermatitis. The 109 isolates examined represented 42 turkey flocks and 24 different flocks of broiler chickens as well as C. septicum type strain, ATCC 12464. Isolates were recovered predominantly from gangrenous lesions although isolates from livers, gastrointestinal tracts, spleens and blood were included. The loci analyzed were csa, the major lethal toxin produced by C. septicum, and the housekee...
Source: Anaerobe - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Neumann AP, Rehberger TG Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Diversity and host bias of anaerobic gut fungal populations analysed using ribosomal ITS1 sequences in faeces of wild and domesticated herbivores.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gut fungal-specific PCR primers have been used to selectively amplify the ITS1 region of gut fungal rDNA recovered from faeces of domestic and wild animals to investigate population diversity. Two different gel-based methods are described for separating populations of gut fungal rDNA amplicons, namely (1) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and (2) separation according to small size differences using Spreadex, a proprietary matrix for electrophoresis. Gut fungal populations were characterised by analysis of rDNA in faeces of seventeen domesticated and ten wild herbivores. Sequences derived from these gel-bas...
Source: Anaerobe - May 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nicholson MJ, McSweeney CS, Mackie RI, Brookman JL, Theodorou MK Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals

Isolation and characterization of a bile acid inducible 7alpha-dehydroxylating operon in Clostridium hylemonae TN271.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, conjugated to either glycine or taurine and secreted into bile. Bile salts undergo enterohepatic circulation several times each day. During this process, they are biotransformed into a variety of metabolites by gut bacteria. The major biotransformation is the 7alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid yielding deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, respectively. 7alpha-Dehydroxylation is a multi-step pathway. The genes encoding enzymes in this pathway have been identified in two species of "high" activity strains of clostridia. Here,...
Source: Anaerobe - May 21, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB Tags: Anaerobe Source Type: journals