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368 records returned

Antifertility Characteristics of the N-terminal Region of Mouse Equatorial Segment Protein.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate antifertility characteristics of the equatorial segment protein (ESP) and its potential immunocontraceptive effect, three partially overlapping cDNA fragments P1/P2/P3, together covering the entire mouse ESP, were cloned, expressed, and purified. The roles of P1/P2/P3 in fertility were investigated through in vitro fertilization and mouse mating test. Antibodies against P1/P2 significantly reduced the rates of fertilization in vitro in the zona-intact experiments. Coincubation of zona-free mouse oocytes with capacitated mouse spermatozoa in the presence of antibodies against P1/P2 also inhibited sperm-oo...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lv ZM, Wang M, Xu C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Localization and Expression of Peroxiredoxin II in the Mouse Ovary, Oviduct, Uterus, and Preimplantation Embryo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we aimed to study the localization and expression of Prx II in the mouse ovary, oviduct, and uterus, and preimplantation embryos. Immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that, in the ovary, Prx II was expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm of the primary follicle, the secondary follicle, and the premature follicle; Prx II was expressed in germinal vesicle-intact oocytes (GV oocytes) and metaphase II eggs (MII eggs), as well as at various stages in early embryos. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results indicated that the Prx II mRNA was expressed at a high level in GV eggs, slightly l...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Wang S, Huang W, Shi H, Lin C, Xie M, Wang J Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clinical studies have expanded the therapeutic olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation to different human Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In fact, the OEC transplantation in clinic is a mixture of olfactory bulb cells; they even have not demonstrated that they have such a subpopulation yet. However, as a source of OECs transplantation, the development and identification of human fetal OECs are still need more understanding, because some surgery try to restoration CNS injury with a more purity of OEC cultures generated by a number of different procedures. In this article, twelve human fetal olfactory b...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Liu K, Li Y, Wang H, Jiang X, Zhao Y, Sun D, Chen L, Young W, Huang H, Zhou C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Structure of Tight Junctions in Mouse Submandibular Gland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined TJs of mouse submandibular glands (SMG) in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. TJs between acinar cells and between intercalated duct cells had 2-6 parallel strands on the protoplasmic fracture face, with occasional branches, interconnections and free ends, and corresponding grooves on the extracellular face. Granular duct cell TJs had 2-30 strands, a depth of </=0.5 mum, and occasional loops extending further basally. Where 3 or 4 cells met, the TJs extended basally </=1 mum and consisted of 2 parallel boundary strands into which the apical strands inserted. Quantitative analyses showed significa...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kikuchi K, Kawedia J, Menon AG, Hand AR Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Effect of Maternal Malnutrition During Lactation on the Endometrial ERalpha Expression, Collagen Type, and Blood Vessels in the Rats Offspring at Puberty.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, maternal malnutrition during lactation caused changes in endometrial angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and Eralpha expression in female offspring that will appear in puberty and could affect the reproductive biology of the female offspring. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 19899115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bittencourt Brasil F, Silva Faria T, Barcellos Sampaio FJ, Fonte Ramos CD Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Age-Related Changes in Craniofacial Morphology in GDF-8 (Myostatin)-Deficient Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the onset and relationship between hypermuscularity and craniofacial morphology in neonatal and adult mice with GDF-8 deficiency. Fifteen (8 wild-type and 7 GDF-8 -/-), 1-day-old and 16 (9 wt and 7 GDF-8 -/-), 180-day-old male CD-1 mice were used. Standardized radiographs were taken of each head, scanned, traced, and cephalometric landmarks identified. Significant mean differences were assessed using a group x age, two-way ANOVA. Myostatin-deficient mice had significantly (P < 0.01) smaller body and masseter muscle weights and craniofacial skeletons at 1 day of age and significantly greater body and ...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Vecchione L, Miller J, Byron C, Cooper GM, Barbano T, Cray J, Losee JE, Hamrick MW, Sciote JJ, Mooney MP Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Development of the Stapedius Muscle and Unilateral Agenesia of the Tendon of the Stapedius Muscle in a Human Fetus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective was to analyze the development of the stapedius muscle to understand an isolated unilateral absence of the tendon of the stapedius muscle in a human fetus. The study was made on 50 human embryos and fetuses aged 38 days to 17 weeks post-conception. The stapedius muscle was formed by two anlagen, one for the tendon, which derives from the internal segment of the interhyale and another for the belly, located in the second pharyngeal arch, medially to the facial nerve and near the interhyale. In the interhyale, two segments were observed forming an angle and delimited by the attachment of the belly of the staped...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Mérida-Velasco JR, Verdugo-López S Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Developmental Pattern of the Right Atrioventricular Septal Valve Leaflet and Tendinous Cords.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No consensus exists regarding the precise contribution of myocardium and the atrioventricular (AV) cushion mesenchyme to the development of leaflets, tendinous cords (TCs) and papillary muscles. Furthermore, the origin and fate of the myocardium embedded in the immature mesenchyme of the AV cushions at the beginning of AV valvulogenesis is controversial. Some authors have suggested that these cells result from a mesenchyme-to-myocardium transformation. In contrast, other researchers have concluded that they are derived from the myocardial ventricular wall and the interventricular septum (IVS). On the other hand, it has...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Guzmán LV, Mayoral PV, Valencia JP, Pine SS, Gómez CS Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Rudimentary Eyes of Squamate Fossorial Reptiles (Amphisbaenia and Serpentes).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The rudimentary characteristic of the eyes of fossorial animals raises some questions regarding its evolution and functionality. Would these eyes result from atrophy or from stagnated development? How would its visual function work? Anatomical investigations of these organs are the fundamental preamble to answer those questions, which are still little explored by the literature. In this article we have studied anatomical aspects of the eyes of three species of fossorial reptiles, within the suborder Amphisbaena (Amphisbaena alba, Amphisbaena mertensi, Leposternon infraorbitale), as well as a species within the ophidian...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Foureaux G, Egami MI, Jared C, Antoniazzi MM, Gutierre RC, Smith RL Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Occlusal Development and Masseter Activity in Alpacas (Lama pacos).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tooth eruption and the development of occlusion are significant ontogenetic changes in the masticatory apparatus of mammals. Here, we test the hypothesis that changes in masseter activity are correlated with increased occlusal contacts at major stages of dental development in the alpaca, Lama pacos. We compare electromyographic data from the superficial and deep masseter in infant and juvenile alpacas prior to and following m1 occlusion and from adults with full permanent dentitions. The pre-m1 and post-m1 occlusion groups exhibit similar masseter activity durations, chewing cycle durations, and with the exception of t...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Williams SH, Sidote J, Stover KK Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

SLC/CCR7 Stimulates the Proliferation of BMDCs by the pNF-kappaB p65 Pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the effect of SLC at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ng/mL) on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). ELC (CCL19), another high-affinity ligand for CCR7, was used as the control at the same time. We found that SLC directly stimulated the proliferation of BMDCs and enhanced the antigen-presenting function and CCR7 expression. Western blot analysis showed that pNF-kappaBp65 was involved in this mechanism. We also found that the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC could specifically block the proliferation and CCR7 expression of BMDCs induced by SLC or ELC (20...
Source: Anatomical Record - November 6, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Zhou S, Li R, Qin J, Zhong C, Liang C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Three-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus Lung.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
'Cubed' three-dimensional computer reconstruction (from serial sections) of the exchange tissue (parenchyma) of the lung of the ostrich, Struthio camelus showing the profuse anastomoses of the air capillaries (shown in cyan) and the blood capillaries (shown in red). While the two terminal respiratory units interdigitate very copiously as they interface intimately, thereby optimizing the respiratory surface area, regarding their size and shape, they are not mirror images as has previously been reported nor do they spatially form a counter-current arrangement, as they have been commonly modelled. See Maina et al., "Three...
Source: Anatomical Record - October 28, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Maina JN, Woodward JD Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Hyoid Skeleton, Its Related Muscles, and Morphological Novelties in the Frog Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Many traits of the skull of ceratophryines are related to the capture of large prey independently of aquatic or terrestrial feeding. Herein, detailed descriptions of the development of hyoid skeleton and the anatomy of muscles responsible for hyoid and tongue movements in Lepidobatrachus laevis and L. llanensis are provided and compared with those of other neobatrachians. The aquatic Lepidobatrachus has special features in its hyoid skeleton that integrates a set of derived features convergent with the conditions observed in non-neobatrachian anurans and morphological novelties (e.g., dorsal dermal hyoid ossification) ...
Source: Anatomical Record - October 28, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Fabrezi M, Lobo F Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Histological, Immunocytochemical, and Morphometrical Analyses of Pancreatic Islets in the BSB Mouse Model of Obesity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article presents biochemical data on the BSB mouse model of multigenic obesity indicating increased percentage body fat, increased fasting plasma insulin, and increased insulin resistance in male and female obese mice compared with lean controls. Plasma glucose was significantly increased only in male obese mice. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of pancreatic islets showed increased islet size and number in all obese mice compared with lean controls. Immuno-staining results for insulin-positive islet cells showed greater levels of insulin in male and female obese versus lean mice, while the percent or proport...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 30, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Slavin BG, Zarow C, Warden CH, Fisler JS Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Maxillary Sinus in Three Genera of New World Monkeys: Factors That Constrain Secondary Pneumatization.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, two genera of monkeys (Saguinus and Cebuella) which form maxillary sinuses (MS) as adults were compared to squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.), in which a MS does not form. Using microCT and histomorphometric methods, the spatial position of paranasal spaces was assessed and size of the adjacent dental sacs was measured. In Saguinus, secondary pneumatization is underway perinatally, and the sinus extends alongside deciduous premolars (dp). The MS overlaps all permanent molars in the adult. In Saimiri, the homologous space (maxillary recess) extends no farther posterior than the first deciduous premolar at birth ...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 30, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Smith TD, Rossie JB, Cooper GM, Carmody KA, Schmieg RM, Bonar CJ, Mooney MP, Siegel MI Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Transforming Growth Factor-beta Suppressed Id-1 Expression in a smad3-Dependent Manner in LoVo Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that TGF-beta1 suppressed Id-1 expression in a smad3-dependent manner in LoVo cells using RNAi technology. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of TGF-beta function in colorectal cancer cells. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 19798702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - September 30, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Song H, Guo B, Zhang J, Song C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Innervation Patterns of the Canine Masticatory Muscles in Comparison to Human.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to clarify the nerve distribution of the masseter, temporalis, and zygomaticomandibularis (ZM) muscles to elucidate the phylogenetic traits of canine mastication. A detailed dissection was made of 15 hemisectioned heads of adult beagle dogs. The innervations of the masticatory nerve twigs exhibited a characteristic pattern and were classified into seven groups. Twig innervating the anterior portion of the temporalis (aTM) was defined as the anterior temporal nerve (ATN). Anterior twig of ATN branched from the buccal nerve and innervated only the aTM, whereas posterior twig of ATN innervated bo...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 30, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yang HM, Hu KS, Song WC, Park JT, Kim HJ, Koh KS, Kim HJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Variability of Human Foramen Magnum Size.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The foramen magnum is an important landmark of the skull base and is of particular interest for anthropology, anatomy, forensic medicine, and other medical fields. Despite its importance, few osteometric studies of the foramen magnum have been published so far. A total of 110 transverse and 111 sagittal diameters from Central European male and female dry specimens dating from the Pleistocene to modern times were measured, and related to sex, age, stature, ethnicity, and a possible secular trend. Only a moderate positive correlation between the transverse and the sagittal diameter of the foramen magnum was found. Surpri...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 22, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Gruber P, Henneberg M, Böni T, Rühli FJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Optic Foramen Morphology and Activity Pattern in Birds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The optic nerve is the sole output of visual information from the ganglion cell layer of the retina to the brain in vertebrates. The size of the optic nerve is predicted to be closely associated with activity pattern, and, in many birds, the size of the optic foramen approximates the size of the optic nerve. Specifically, nocturnal species should have relatively smaller optic foramina than diurnal species because of differences in retinal pooling between activity patterns. If optic foramen morphology varies predictably with activity pattern in birds, this variable may be useful for interpreting activity pattern for bir...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 22, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Hall MI, Iwaniuk AN, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Neuroanatomy and Volumes of Brain Structures of a Live California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) From Magnetic Resonance Images.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) has been a focal point for sensory, communication, cognition, and neurological disease studies in marine mammals. However, as a scientific community, we lack a noninvasive approach to investigate the anatomy and size of brain structures in this species and other free-ranging, live marine mammals. In this article, we provide the first anatomically labeled, magnetic resonance imaging-based atlas derived from a live marine mammal, the California sea lion. The brain of the California seal lion contained more secondary gyri and sulci than the brains of terrestrial carnivores....
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Montie EW, Pussini N, Schneider GE, Battey TW, Dennison S, Barakos J, Gulland F Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Erratum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19768746 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Normal Genital Tract of the Female California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus): Cyclic Changes in Histomorphology and Hormone Receptor Distribution.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Changes in reproductive tract histomorphology, and estrogen (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression throughout the breeding cycle were evaluated in free-ranging stranded female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Hormone receptor expression in the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina was evaluated using an immunohistochemical technique with monoclonal antibodies. During a large portion of the cycle, ovaries contained both a corpora lutea (CL) and follicles in varying stages of development. In the periods of pupping and estrus during June and July, and in the spring morphologic features of the endo...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Colegrove KM, Gulland FM, Naydan DK, Lowenstine LJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Normal Morphology and Hormone Receptor Expression in the Male California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) Genital Tract.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Histomorphology and estrogen alpha (ER alpha), and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were evaluated in free-ranging stranded male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Hormone receptor expression was evaluated using an immunohistochemical technique with monoclonal antibodies. Estrogen and PRs were identified in the efferent ductules, prostate gland, corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosium, penile urethra, and in the epithelium and stroma of both the penis and prepuce. In some tissues, ER alpha expression was more intense in the stroma, emphasizing the importance of the stroma in hormone-mediated growth and di...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Colegrove KM, Gulland FM, Naydan DK, Lowenstine LJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Immunolocalization of G-Protein Alpha Subunits in the Olfactory System of the Cartilaginous Fish Scyliorhinus Canicula.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates, the morphology of the receptor neurons, the receptor gene family they express, the G-protein coupled with the receptor (in particular the G-protein alpha subunit), and their projection to the olfactory bulb are correlated. Much information about this complicated system have been collected in different groups, but nothing is known about Chondrichthyes. In this work, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity for different types of G-protein alpha subunit (Galpha(o), Galpha(q) and Galpha(s/olf)) were investigated in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb of...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ferrando S, Gambardella C, Ravera S, Bottero S, Ferrando T, Gallus L, Manno V, Salati AP, Ramoino P, Tagliafierro G Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Three-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus Lung.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Ostrich, Struthio camelus is the largest extant bird. The arrangement of the airway and the vascular components of the parabronchus of its lung were investigated by 3D serial section reconstruction. Modestly developed atrial muscles, shallow atria, paucity of infundibulae with preponderant origination of the air capillaries (ACs) from the atria and lack of interparabronchial septa, structural features that epitomize lungs of most highly derived metabolically active volant birds were observed. Intertwined very closely, the ACs and the blood capillaries (BCs) are not straight, blind-ended tubules that run in contact,...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Maina JN, Woodward JD Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Nature of Exocytosis in the Yolk Trophoblastic Layer of Silver Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) Juvenile, the Representative of Ancient Teleost Fishes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present evidence that the yolk cytoplasmic zone (ycz) in the "yolksac juveniles" is a very complex structure involved in sequential processes of yolk hydrolysis, lipoprotein particles synthesis, their transport, and exocytosis. Vacuoles filled with yolk granules in different stages of digestion move from the vitellolysis zone through the ycz to be emptied into the microvillar interspace in the process of exocytosis. The area of the ycz with the abundance of the mitochondria must play an important role in providing energy for both the transport of vacuoles and the release of their contents. Therefore, we postulate that t...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 17, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Jaroszewska M, Dabrowski K Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Remodeling Patterns of Occipital Growth: A Preliminary Report.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Occipital growth depends on coordinated deposition and resorption on the external and internal surface and includes interrelated processes of movement: cortical drift, displacement, and relocation. The current work aspires to map patterns of remodeling activity on the endocranial surface of the occipital bone from childhood to adulthood using a larger study sample compared with previous studies. The study sample consists of 5 adult and 10 immature (2(1/4) to 8 years old) occipital bones from skeletal remains from the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Preparation of the samples includes the elaboration of negative impr...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 1, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kranioti EF, Rosas A, García-Vargas S, Estalrrich A, Bastir M, Peña-Melián A Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

FK506 Protects Against Various Immune Responses and Secondary Degeneration Following Cerebral Ischemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The immunsuppressant FK506 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces the infarct size following 90 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) in adult rat brain. Here we have investigated the effect of FK506 on cerebral immune cells that are considered to contribute to neurodegeneration. FK506 substantially attenuated the response of resident and peripheral immune cells following transient ischemia. Between 24 hr and 5 days after MCAo, FK506 reduced the T-cell infiltration in the infarct area as well as the presence of activated and/or phagocytic OX-18, OX-42, GSA-IB4, Iba1, and ED1 positive microglia/macrophages. FK506 also low...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 1, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Brecht S, Waetzig V, Hidding U, Hanisch UK, Walther M, Herdegen T, Neiss WF Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Muscle Fiber Population and Biochemical Properties of Whole Body Muscles in Thoroughbred Horses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examine the muscle fiber population and metabolic properties of skeletal muscles from the whole body in Thoroughbred horses. Postmortem samples were taken from 46 sites in six Thoroughbred horses aged between 3 and 6 years. Fiber type population was determined on muscle fibers stained with monoclonal antibody to each myosin heavy chain isoform and metabolic enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that most of the muscles had a high percentage of Type IIa fibers. In terms of the muscle characteristic in several parts of the horse body, the forelimb muscles had a h...
Source: Anatomical Record - September 1, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kawai M, Minami Y, Sayama Y, Kuwano A, Hiraga A, Miyata H Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Face of Siamopithecus: New Geometric-Morphometric Evidence for Its Anthropoid Status.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Amphipithecids assume a key position in early primate evolution in Asia. Here we report on new maxillofacial and associated mandibular remains of Siamopithecus eocaenus, an amphipithecid primate from the Late Eocene of Krabi (Thailand) that currently represents the most complete specimen belonging to this group. We used synchrotron microtomography and techniques of virtual reconstruction to recover the three-dimensional morphology of the specimen. Geometric-morphometric analysis of the reconstructed specimen within a comparative sample of recent and fossil primates clearly associates Siamopithecus with the anthropoids....
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Zollikofer CP, De León MS, Chaimanee Y, Lebrun R, Tafforeau P, Khansubhaand S, Jaeger JJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Climate Signatures in the Morphological Differentiation of Worldwide Modern Human Populations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The ability of cranial morphology to reflect population/phylogenetic history, and the degree to which it might be influenced by environmental factors and selection pressures have been widely discussed. Recent consensus views cranial morphology as largely indicative of population history in humans, with some anatomical cranial regions/measurements being more informative on population history, while others being under selection pressure. We test earlier findings using the largest and most diverse cranial dataset available as yet: 7,423 male specimens from 135 geographic human population samples represented by 33 standard...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Hubbe M, Hanihara T, Harvati K Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Caveolin-1 is an Important Factor for the Metastasis and Proliferation of Human Small Cell Lung Cancer NCI-H446 Cell.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was performed to investigate the influences of the stable expression of CAV-1 on the metastasis and proliferation of SCLC in vitro. The wild-type CAV-1 gene was successfully transfected into the NCI-H446 cells and was stably expressed in the NCI-H446 cells. The effects of CAV-1 on the morphology, proliferation, and metastasis potential for NCI-H446 cell were evaluated by crystal violet staining, MTT analysis, transwell assay, and scratch wound assay, respectively. Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to examine the expression changes of the metastasis-related MMP-3 and E-cadherin. Stable expression of C...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yeh D, Chen C, Sun MZ, Shao S, Hao L, Song Y, Gong L, Hu J, Wang Q Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The location, number, and size of the neurons innervating the bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) were studied in male pigs, by means of Fast Blue (FB) retrograde transport. After injection of FB into the left BSM, labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the L2-S4 sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), in the caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMGs), in the microganglia of the pelvic plexus (PGs), in a dorsolateral area with respect to the central canal of S1-S3 segments of the spinal cord (SC) and in the S1-S4 ipsilateral and S2-S3 contralateral spinal ganglia (SGs). The mean number of labeled FB cells was 3,122 +/- 1,968 in STGs, 979 ...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Botti M, Ragionieri L, Gazza F, Acone F, Bo Minelli L, Panu R Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Embryonic Development and Skeletogenesis of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus in the Cichlid Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The evolution of a specialized pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) has been argued to be the key evolutionary innovation that allowed the explosive adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in East African lakes. Subsequent studies together with recent molecular phylogenies have shown that similar innovations evolved independently several times within the teleosts, which poses the questions: (1) how similar are the developmental mechanisms responsible for these changes in divergent taxa and (2) how did such complex features arise independently in evolution? A detailed knowledge of PJA development in cichlids and other teleosts i...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: le Pabic P, Stellwag EJ, Scemama JL Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Stereological Methods for Estimating the Myelin Sheaths of the Myelinated Fibers in White Matter.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, efficient and unbiased stereological techniques to investigate the myelin sheaths of the myelinated fibers in rat white matter were established. In the present design, four tissue blocks were obtained from the entire white matter of rat brain in a uniform, random fashion. Isotropic, uniform random (IUR) sections were ensured by the use of the isector technique. One section with the thickness of 60 nm was cut from the center of each epon block. Eight to 10 fields of vision were randomly photographed under a transmission electron microscope. The total length of the myelinated fibers and the total vo...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Li C, Yang S, Chen L, Lu W, Qiu X, Gundersen HJ, Tang Y Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Bovine Aortic Arch: In Search of a More Appropriate Name.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19718719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - August 27, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Berko NS Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Application of Stereological Methods for Estimating Structural Parameters in the Human Heart.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study describes and exemplifies generally applicable design-based stereological methods for obtaining quantitative estimates of the numbers and sizes of capillaries, cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocyte nuclei in immersion-fixed human left ventricles (N = 6). The design-based stereological methods are valid in all cardiac investigations onto quantifying changes in structure and function as seen under various conditions such as during development, aging, hypertrophy, and following ischemia/reperfusion. The applied principles of unbiased stereology were as follows: 1) uniform random sampling was taken at all levels, also i...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 26, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tang Y, Nyengaard JR, Andersen JB, Baandrup U, Gundersen HJ Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Postembryonic Development of Rectal Pads in Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The morphology and development of the digestive tract of insects has been extensively studied, but little attention has been given to the development of the rectal pads. These organs are responsible for absorption of water and salts. In insects where they occur, there are usually six ovoid rectal pads located in the medial-anterior portion of the rectum. The rectal pad has three types of cells: principal, basal, and junctional. The arrangement of these three cell types delimits an intrapapillary lumen. The aim of the current study is to describe the development of the rectal pads during postembryonic development of Mel...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 26, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Santos CG, Neves CA, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Development of the Epicardium in the Sturgeon Acipenser naccarii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article reports on the development of the epicardium in alevins of the sturgeon Acipenser naccarii, aged 4-25 days post-hatching (dph). Epicardial development starts at 4 dph with formation of the proepicardium (PE) that arises as a bilateral structure at the boundary between the sinus venosus and the duct of Cuvier. The PE later becomes a midline organ arising from the wall of the sinus venosus and ending at the junction between the liver, the sinus venosus and the transverse septum. This relative displacement appears related to venous reorganization at the caudal pole of the heart. The mode and time of epicardium fo...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 26, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Icardo JM, Guerrero A, Durán AC, Colvee E, Domezain A, Sans-Coma V Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Unearthing the Anatomy of Dinosaurs: New Insights Into Their Functional Morphology and Paleobiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The meek shall inherit the earth. Triceratops horridus encounters Tyrannosaurus rex. Late Cretaceous of Montana, 65 million years before present. The encounter did not come out the way many thought it would. This young Tyrannosaurus had insufficient respect for a powerful and dangerous adversary. In this special issue we explore recent advances in understanding the anatomy and paleobiology of dinosaurs, including Tyrannosaurus, using powerful modern anatomical techniques. Painting by Wayne D. Barlowe from The Horned Dinosaurs by Peter Dodson (1996), Princeton University Press. Reproduced with permission of the artist. ...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Dodson P, Laitman JT Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Dinosaurs in the Year of Darwin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This special issue of The Anatomical Record explores the recent advances in the functional morphology and paleobiology of dinosaurs. Although Darwin did not study dinosaurs because paleontology was in its infancy a century and half ago, he considered both paleontology and anatomy as essential subjects for establishing the validity of evolution. The study of dinosaurs constitutes a vigorous subdiscipline within vertebrate paleontology, and anatomists and evolutionary functional morphologists constitute an especially creative subgroup within dinosaur paleontology. The collection of 17 papers presented in this issue encom...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Dodson P Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Dinosaurs and Their Relatives are Alive and Well in The Anatomical Record.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19711449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Laitman JT, Albertine KH Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

The Real Jurassic Park: Joseph Leidy's Heirs Reconstruct the Anatomy of Dinosaurs.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19711450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anatomical Record)
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Laitman JT Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

New Insights Into Dinosaur Jaw Muscle Anatomy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study presents the osteological correlates and inferred soft tissue anatomy of the jaw muscles and relevant neurovasculature in the temporal region of the dinosaur head. Hypotheses of jaw muscle homology were tested across a broad range archosaur and sauropsid taxa to more accurately infer muscle attachments in the adductor chambers of non-avian dinosaurs. Many dinosaurs likely possessed m. levator pterygoideus, a trait shared with lepidosaurs but not extant archosaurs. Several major clades of dinosaurs (e.g., Ornithopoda, Ceratopsidae, Sauropoda) eliminated the epipterygoid, thus impacting interpretations of m. pseud...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Holliday CM Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

New Insights Into the Brain, Braincase, and Ear Region of Tyrannosaurs (Dinosauria, Theropoda), with Implications for Sensory Organization and Behavior.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The braincase region of tyrannosaurs was investigated to provide insights on anatomical attributes relevant to inferences of sensory biology and behavior. CT scanning focused on three specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex, a juvenile Gorgosaurus, and the controversial Cleveland skull (CMNH 7541). Analysis shows that the cerebral hemispheres were enlarged, but conflicting information on the optic lobes suggests that brain conformation was not fully avian. Previous estimates of olfactory bulb size for T. rex were much too large, but even the corrected sizes are relatively larger than other theropods, suggesting that odor detect...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Witmer LM, Ridgely RC Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Jaw Mechanics in Basal Ceratopsia (Ornithischia, Dinosauria).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ceratopsian dinosaurs were a dominant group of herbivores in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. We hypothesize that an understanding of the feeding system will provide important insight into the evolutionary success of these animals. The mandibular mechanics of eight genera of basal ceratopsians was examined to understand the variability in shape of the jaws and the early evolution of the masticatory system in Ceratopsia. Data were collected on lever arms, cranial angles and tooth row lengths. The results indicate that psittacosaurids had higher leverage at the beak and in the rostral part of the tooth row than basal n...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Tanoue K, Grandstaff BS, You HL, Dodson P Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

A Functional Explanation for Denticulation in Theropod Dinosaur Teeth.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The serrated, or denticulated, ziphodont teeth of theropod dinosaurs display variability in their extent of denticulation. The functional model proposed here tests the hypothesis that denticles will not exist in areas that do not frequently contact the substrate. This area, defined as the "dead-space," is determined by the direction the tooth moves through the fleshy substrate. The extent of denticulation, as well as the dead-space dimensions, is measured from photographs of 235 isolated and in situ theropod teeth, to determine a meaningful relationship between the two variables. Both Euclidean and geometric morphometr...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: D'Amore DC Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

A Comparison of the Jaw Mechanics in Hadrosaurid and Ceratopsid Dinosaurs Using Finite Element Analysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hadrosaurid and ceratopsid dentaries display traits that suggest divergent functions toward broadly similar diets of fibrous plants. Computed tomographic scans of dentaries of a lambeosaurine and a centrosaurine (Centrosaurus aptertus) were used to compare feeding function of these animals using finite element analysis (FEA). In the hadrosaur, mediolateral expansion of the dentary and elongation of the coronoid process of the surangular were optimally developed to withstand torsion associated with transverse-isognathous jaw occlusion. FEA results strongly suggest longitudinal rotation of the hadrosaurid mandible. Medio...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bell PR, Snively E, Shychoski L Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals

Endocranial Anatomy of Lambeosaurine Hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): A Sensorineural Perspective on Cranial Crest Function.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Brain and nasal cavity endocasts of four corythosaurian lambeosaurines (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) were investigated to test hypotheses of cranial crest function related to sensorineural systems. Endocasts were generated through computed tomography and three-dimensional rendering and visualization software. The sample comprises a range of ontogenetic stages from the taxa Lambeosaurus, Corythosaurus, and Hypacrosaurus. Results show that the morphology of brain endocasts differs little from that of hadrosaurines. The strikingly convoluted nasal vestibule of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, when interpreted in the context of lamb...
Source: Anatomical Record - August 25, 2009 Category: Anatomy Authors: Evans DC, Ridgely R, Witmer LM Tags: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Source Type: journals