Terminologia anatomica: evolution but not revolution
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 20, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Towards a Terminologia Anatomica Humana
AbstractUnfortunately, the long-awaited revision of the official anatomical nomenclature, theTerminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2), which was issued in 2019 and after a referendum among the Member Societies officially approved by the General Assembly of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 2020, is built on a new version of the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules. This breaks with many traditional views of terminology. These changes in theTerminologia Anatomica of 1998 (TA98) met great resistance within many European Anatomical Societies and their members are not willing to use terms following the ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 16, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Unpredictable chronic mild stress shows neuronal remodeling in multipolar projection neurons of hippocampal complex in postnatal chicks
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress in multipolar neurons of 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-week-old chick ’s hippocampal complex. This study revealed that chronic stress results in neuronal remodeling by causing alterations in dendritic field, axonal length, secondary branching, corrected spine number, and dendritic branching at 25, 50, 75, and 100 µm. Due to stress, the overall dendritic length was significantly retracted in 3-week-old chick, whereas no significant difference was observed in 5- and 7-week-old chick, but again it was significantly retracted in 9-week-old chick along...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Taking the high road retroactively: flexible and robust framework of ethical thoughts over time
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Little evidence for vibrissal capsular muscles in humans
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 3, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

3D visualization and printing: An “Anatomical Engineering” trend revealing underlying morphology via innovation and reconstruction towards future of veterinary anatomy
AbstractThe amalgamation of veterinary anatomy, technology and innovation has led to development of latest technological advancement in the field of veterinary medicine, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) imaging and reconstruction. 3D visualization technique followed by 3D reconstruction has been proven to enhance non-destructive 3D visualization grossly or microscopically, e.g., skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, ligaments, cartilage, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, and glands. The core aim of this manuscript is to document non-invasive 3D visualization methods being adopted currently in veterinary anatomy ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 18, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

A new lymphography protocol and interpretation principles based on functional lymphatic anatomy in lower limb lymphedema
AbstractIndirect lymphatic system imaging is essential for diagnosing lymphatic diseases. The basic methodology involves intradermal or subcutaneous injection of a contrast agent into the surrounding lymphatic capillary, and the flow of the contrast agent is identified using a detector. Many contrast agents that use near-infrared dye, including indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphography, are available. ICG is rapidly spreading as a convenient and safe lymphedema diagnostic method, because it does not involve radiation exposure, and the imaging equipment is more compact than other devices. The lymphatic system is a se...
Source: Anatomical Science International - December 22, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Morphological variations on vital systems in a conjoined twin
This study was conducted in a specimen which is part of the collection of the Embryology Museum of the institution by donation and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC). The female conjoined twins were born at full-term by cesarean section in the 1970s and died hours after birth. A thorough anatomical description was made through observational analysis, computed tomography and 3D reconstructed images. Major abnormalities were observed in the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems. The internal anatomy exhibited a heart with three atria, two ventricles, two aortic arches, two pulmonary arteries, one inn...
Source: Anatomical Science International - December 14, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Anatomic variation of a duplicated uterine artery
AbstractDuring the anatomical dissection of the pelvis, a duplication of the uterine artery was identified unilaterally on the left side in a 59-year-old Korean female cadaver. The first uterine artery was found to arise directly from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and supply the upper uterine body and tube. The second uterine artery shared a common stem with the superior and inferior vesical arteries, supplying the lower uterine body. The external diameter of each uterine artery at its origin on the left side was smaller than that of the right uterine artery. One vaginal artery was identified to arise ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - December 13, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Possible roles of deep cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the neural basis of human sociality
AbstractSociality is an instinctive property of organisms that live in relation to others and is a complex characteristic of higher order brain functions. However, the evolution of the human brain to acquire higher order brain functions, such as sociality, and the neural basis for executing these functions and their control mechanisms are largely unknown. Several studies have attempted to evaluate how human sociality was acquired during the course of evolution and the mechanisms controlling sociality from a neurodevelopment viewpoint. This review discusses these findings in the context of human brain evolution and the path...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 27, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Regeneration process of myotendinous junction injury induced by collagenase injection between Achilles tendon and soleus muscle in mice
AbstractRecently, it has become clear that peri-muscular tissues play a significant role in the deterioration of muscle function. Understanding the function and regeneration of muscle, as well as its surrounding tissues, is crucial to determining the causes of muscular illnesses. However, the regeneration process of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), the most closely related peri-muscular tissue, is still unknown. Therefore, we generated a mouse model of MTJ injury by collagenase injection and searched for the process of regeneration of the MTJ and its adjacent regions. The MTJ region was damaged by collagenase injection, wh...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 21, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Significant relationship between musculoaponeurotic attachment of the abdominal and thigh adductor muscles to the pubis: implications for the diagnosis of groin pain
This study aimed to investigate the musculoaponeurotic attachments on the pubis and the relationship among intramuscular aponeuroses of abdominal and thigh adductor musculatures. Macroscopic analyses were performed in 10 pelvic halves. The bone morphology of the pubis was assessed in two pelvic halves using microcomputed tomography. Histological investigations were conducted in two pelvic halves. The external oblique aponeurosis extended to the adductor longus aponeurosis, forming conjoined aponeurosis, which attached to a small impression distal to the pubic crest. The gracilis aponeurosis merges with the adductor brevis ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 20, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

A new classification of the shoulder girdle muscles in domestic fowl based on their innervation from the brachial plexus
In this study, the innervations of shoulder girdle muscles in five sides of the domestic fowl were elucidated and the homology of the shoulder girdle muscles between domestic fowl and other tetrapods was discussed using terminology that conforms to Nomina Anatomica Avium (1993). Unlike previous descriptions, the supracoracoideus, being developed in domestic fowl, is thought to have a different muscular origin from the deltoid muscle. The coracobrachialis cranialis, coracobrachialis caudalis and coracobrachialis muscles, previously described as the coracobrachialis muscle group, had different innervations; the coracobrachia...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 20, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

The popliteal eminence shows that the intra-articular popliteal tendon supports posterolateral knee stability
In this study, the involvement of the iPT in posterolateral stability in response to knee flexion was investigated anatomically. Thirty-one knees from thirty formalin-fixed room cadavers (17 male knees, 14 female knees; average age 86.9  years) were used. The knee was prepared with the distal 1/3 of the lower femur and crus and was flexed at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a special jig to limit knee rotation. The series of movements was plotted on the coordinate system using the Quadrant method. The iPT was in strong contact with a thick cartilage area, which we called the “popliteal eminence”, at the lateral condyle of...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 18, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Variant origins of the middle colic artery from the coeliac trunk and its branches
We report five cases of rare variant origins of the middle colic artery arising from the coeliac axis. Among these sites of origin were the coeliac trunk, the gastrosplenic trunk, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. Four cases were identified on multi-detector computed tomography and one in a cadaver. In all cases, the vessels passed posterior to the body of the pancreas before entering the transverse mesocolon. Knowledge of middle colic artery variations is important to prevent inadvertent injury in digestive surgery, especially in the hepatopancreatic area. Variant origins of the middle colic artery are ra...
Source: Anatomical Science International - October 21, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research