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Structure and function of the olfactory system: OverviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Anatomical Science International - December 1, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Shigeru Takami, Kazunori Toida Tags: Special Issue on the Olfactory System Source Type: journals

Synaptic organization of the olfactory bulb based on chemical coding of neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Olfaction is one of the chemical senses in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals essential for a variety of social behaviors. Recent molecular biological and physiological studies using optical recording have indicated elaborate mechanisms in the main olfactory bulb for processing input from olfactory receptor neurons and control of output to higher centers in the brain. The current challenge is to identify a structural basis for understanding such elaborate molecular and functional organization. Immunocytochemistry and other advanced technologies have enabled us to label bulbar neurons selectively, and they have shown ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 6, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kazunori Toida Tags: Special Issue on the Olfactory System Source Type: journals

Author Index to Volume 83Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 6, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: Author Index Source Type: journals

Subject Index to Volume 83Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 6, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: Subject Index Source Type: journals

VOLUME CONTENTSVOLUME 83, 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Anatomical Science International - November 6, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: Volume Contents Source Type: journals

Architecture and fiber type of the pyramidalis muscleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The paired pyramidalis muscles are small triangular-shaped muscles that lie between the anterior surface of the rectus abdominus and the posterior surface of the rectus sheath. The precise function of pyramidalis muscles is unclear, but together the muscles are thought to tense the linea alba. The muscles are not always present, or are often unilateral, and vary greatly in size. Their wider inferior margins attach to the pubic symphyses and pubic crests, whereas their narrow superior margins attach to the linea alba. The gross anatomy and innervation of the pyramidalis muscles has been described by others, but their archit...
Source: Anatomical Science International - July 22, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Richard M. Lovering, Larry D. Anderson Source Type: journals

Structure of the syringeal muscles in jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Birds' vocalizations are produced by the syrinx, which is located between the trachea and the two primary bronchi. Oscine birds have multiple pairs of syringeal muscles in the syrinx. To determine the detailed structure of the syringeal muscle in jungle crows, an oscine bird, a histological study and gross examination of the syrinx were performed. In the histological study, sections of the syrinxes from four jungle crows were stained with Azan and observed. Each syringeal muscle was classified by the limit of the fascia from neighbor fascicules. From the gross examination a 3-D image of the structure of the syringeal muscl...
Source: Anatomical Science International - July 13, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Naoki Tsukahara, Qian Yang, Shoei Sugita Source Type: journals

Bioreductive activation of quinone antitumor drugs by mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The authors recently demonstrated that the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to furanonaphthoquinone (FNQ). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 27, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemistry of connexin 43 throughout anterior pituitary gland in a transgenic rat with green fluorescent protein-expressing folliculo-stellate cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Folliculo-stellate (FS) cells in the anterior pituitary gland have been speculated to possess multifunctional properties. Because gap junctions (GJ) have been identified between FS cells, FS cells may be interconnected electrophysiologically by GJ and serve as signal transmission networks to modulate hormone release in the anterior pituitary gland. But whether GJ are localized among FS cells from the pars tuberalis through the pars distalis is unclear. The S100b-GFP transgenic rat has recently been generated, which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in FS cells in the anterior pituitary. This model is e...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 25, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kotaro Horiguchi, Ken Fujiwara, Tom Kouki, Motoshi Kikuchi, Takashi Yashiro Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Bioreductive activation of quinone antitumor drugs by mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The authors recently demonstrated that the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to furanonaphthoquinone (FNQ). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mitochondrial VDAC1 reduces quinone antitumor drugs. The VDAC1 purified by immunoprecipitation reduced FNQ in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and produced H2O2. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the band that reduced FNQ NADH-dependently mainly included VDAC1. Because H2O2 generation in catalyzing FNQ with NADH caused mitochondrial damage,...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 25, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Eriko Simamura, Hiroki Shimada, Yasuhito Ishigaki, Toshihisa Hatta, Nobuaki Higashi, Kei-Ichi Hirai Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus: Reply to Dr Srijit DasEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 83, Issue 2, Page 121, June 2008.
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 14, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Supratrochlear foramen of the humerusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 83, Issue 2, Page 120, June 2008.
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 14, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Morphological and functional changes of the rat parotid glandular cells by clipping and reopening the parotid duct, using HAM8 antibodyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 83, Issue 2, Page 89-95, June 2008. Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to examine the proliferative process of rat acinar cells after parotid duct ligation and reopening. Two experimental groups were observed. The first group was killed from 0 to 14 days after the duct ligation. In ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 14, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Anomalous pectoral musculatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Anomalous disposition of pectoral muscles was encountered in an adult female cadaver on the left side. A prominent cleft separating the sternocostal and clavicular portions of the pectoralis major was noticed. The fibers of pectoralis major were ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 9, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Right vertebral artery as the fourth branch of the aortic archEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The present report describes an anomalous case of the right vertebral artery arising as the last branch of the aortic arch identified in a 76-year-old Japanese male cadaver during dissection in the anatomical laboratory of Kanazawa Medical ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 9, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Trifurcation of brachial artery with variant course of radial artery: Rare observationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb have been observed frequently, either in the routine dissections or in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to describe the anatomical, surgical and embryological importance of ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 9, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Morphological analysis of the external anal sphincter motor nerve and its motoneurons in the catEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract To investigate the spinal neural circuitry that controls the tonus of the external anal sphincter (EAS) in the cat, the size distribution of EAS motor fibers and their motoneurons (MN) was examined, and the presence of muscle spindles in EAS ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 9, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Morphological analysis of the external anal sphincter motor nerve and its motoneurons in the catEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To investigate the spinal neural circuitry that controls the tonus of the external anal sphincter (EAS) in the cat, the size distribution of EAS motor fibers and their motoneurons (MN) was examined, and the presence of muscle spindles in EAS musculature was also tested for. The size distribution of EAS motor fibers was examined after degeneration of afferent fibers and that of their MN was measured, after labeling the cells with horseradish peroxidase. Both distributions were unimodal, thereby demonstrating the difficulty of distinguishing between alpha and potential gamma MN; but muscle spindles were not found in the musc...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 8, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ken Muramatsu, Sei-Ichi Sasaki, Yuichiro Cho, Kenji Sato Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Trifurcation of brachial artery with variant course of radial artery: Rare observationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb have been observed frequently, either in the routine dissections or in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to describe the anatomical, surgical and embryological importance of major arteries of upper limbs of human beings. The present article is the report of low division and trifurcation of brachial artery and abnormal course of radial artery (passing deep to the pronator teres muscle) found in a 45-year-old embalmed male cadaver. Knowledge of the arterial variations in the upper limb is of considerable importance during invasive and non-invasive investi...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 8, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Venkata Ramana Vollala, Somayaji Nagabhooshana, Seetharama Manjunatha Bhat Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Anomalous pectoral musculatureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anomalous disposition of pectoral muscles was encountered in an adult female cadaver on the left side. A prominent cleft separating the sternocostal and clavicular portions of the pectoralis major was noticed. The fibers of pectoralis major were partially fused with the deltoid, resulting in obliteration of the deltopectoral groove. Interestingly, cephalic vein was seen traversing superficial to the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and pierced it to drain into the axillary vein. The pectoralis minor was inserted mainly on the coracoid process and few fibers were found blending with the coracobrachialis and short ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 8, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Simmi Soni, Gayatri Rath, Rajesh Suri, Hitendra Kumar Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Right vertebral artery as the fourth branch of the aortic archEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present report describes an anomalous case of the right vertebral artery arising as the last branch of the aortic arch identified in a 76-year-old Japanese male cadaver during dissection in the anatomical laboratory of Kanazawa Medical University. The aortic arch itself coursed normally but the right vertebral artery was uniquely situated at the fourth branch next to the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The anomalous right vertebral artery branched into the esophageal branch, the prevertebral branch, and the second right posterior intercostal artery, and finally en...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 8, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nobuaki Higashi, Hiroki Shimada, Eriko Simamura, Toshihisa Hatta Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Maternal malnutrition during lactation reduces skull growth in weaned rat pups: Experimental and morphometric investigationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein and energy restriction during lactation on the bodyweight and skull dimensions of pups at weaning. At parturition, Wistar rat dams were randomly assigned to the ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 6, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Corpus callosum morphometry: Comparison of fresh brain, preserved brain and magnetic resonance imaging valuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract In recent years interest in the anatomy of corpus callosum (CC) has led to a number of studies on morphometric analysis of CC, either in vivo on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or on preserved (formalin-fixed) cadaveric brain specimens. There ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon and its interrelation between the radial recurrent arteriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract A radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon was found in the cadaver of a Japanese woman during a student dissection course at Kumamoto University School of Medicine in 2006. The brachial artery bifurcated into the radial artery and the ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Large-caliber persistent sciatic artery with aneurysmEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Herein is reported a rare case of right persistent sciatic artery (PSA) in the cadaver of a 96-year-old woman who did not have any clinical manifestations related to this anomaly when alive. The anomalous PSA originated from the internal iliac ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Unusual accessory tendon connecting the hallucal extensorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract During routine dissection of an adult human cadaver, a suite of tendinous anomalies was discovered in the left hallucal region. Whereas the main tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle inserted normally, two accessory tendons were found ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon and its interrelation between the radial recurrent arteriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A radial artery running beneath the biceps tendon was found in the cadaver of a Japanese woman during a student dissection course at Kumamoto University School of Medicine in 2006. The brachial artery bifurcated into the radial artery and the ulnar artery in the cubital fossa, and the radial artery twisted laterally running beneath the biceps tendon, and when it was situated laterally to the tendon, twisted distally at the level of the radial tuberosity, and then twisted medially again. After the radial artery passed over the biceps tendon, it turned distally and continued as a normal radial artery. The superficial brachia...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 3, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Satoru Honma, Akinari Tokiyoshi, Katsushi Kawai, Masahiro Koizumi, Kodo Kodama Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Ganglion cell density and oil droplet distribution in the retina of brown-eared bulbul (Hysipetes amaurotis)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was intended to determine the number and density of both retinal ganglion cells and the oil droplets of cone photoreceptor cells in brown-eared bulbul (Hysipetes amaurotis). For this study birds were killed with proper dose of anesthetic (pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg), and the eyes were removed from the orbital cavity to isolate the retina. For the ganglion cell study retinal whole-mount specimens were prepared and stained with 0.1% cresyl violet. The different types of oil droplets were counted from color microphotographs of freshly prepared retinal samples. The mean total number of ganglion cells was estimated at a...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 3, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mohammad Lutfur Rahman, Masato Aoyama, Shoei Sugita Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Unusual accessory tendon connecting the hallucal extensorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
During routine dissection of an adult human cadaver, a suite of tendinous anomalies was discovered in the left hallucal region. Whereas the main tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle inserted normally, two accessory tendons were found coursing medial and lateral to the main tendon. The most lateral tendon originated from a supernumerary muscle belly and merged with the tendon of extensor hallucis brevis to form a composite tendon. The most medial tendon crossed the metatarsophalangeal joint and joined the composite tendon deep to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus. A terminal tendon, consisting of these three c...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 3, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert V. Hill, Luke Gerges Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Large-caliber persistent sciatic artery with aneurysmEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Herein is reported a rare case of right persistent sciatic artery (PSA) in the cadaver of a 96-year-old woman who did not have any clinical manifestations related to this anomaly when alive. The anomalous PSA originated from the internal iliac artery, directed toward the infrapiriform foramen, and descended the dorsal side of the thigh. Approximately 20 mm inferior to the infrapiriform foramen, the PSA formed a relatively large aneurysm elongating for approximately 30 mm in length. It then passed under the long head of the femoral biceps muscles, and reached the popliteal fossa, maintaining a constant caliber (approx. 13 m...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 3, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Haruo Futamata, Toyoko Kawate, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Yoshikazu Kitami, Sen Takeda Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Architecture and fiber type of the pyramidalis muscleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The paired pyramidalis muscles are small triangular-shaped muscles that lie between the anterior surface of the rectus abdominus and the posterior surface of the rectus sheath. The precise function of pyramidalis muscles is unclear, but together ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 29, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Insertion of the pectoralis major into the shoulder joint capsuleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The pectoralis major muscle is subject to various morphologies. One presumably very rare variation is insertion of this muscle into the shoulder joint. During the routine dissection of the right upper extremity of an adult male cadaver a ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 29, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Unusual case of occipital vertebra in a medieval skeletonEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a transitional region of the spine that exhibits extensive structural variability. Developmental defects include a vast array of anatomical anomalies that result from remnants of the proatlas and are grouped ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 29, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Unusual case of occipital vertebra in a medieval skeletonEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is a transitional region of the spine that exhibits extensive structural variability. Developmental defects include a vast array of anatomical anomalies that result from remnants of the proatlas and are grouped under the term 'occipital vertebra'. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the case of a medieval skeleton, which was found to display a previously unreported manifestation of occipital vertebra. It consisted of two large basilar processes that articulated with the anterior arch of the atlas. In addition, the left process exhibited a supplementary contact zone with the de...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 28, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Luciana Travan, Gastone Sabbadini, Paola Saccheri, Enrico Crivellato Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Insertion of the pectoralis major into the shoulder joint capsuleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pectoralis major muscle is subject to various morphologies. One presumably very rare variation is insertion of this muscle into the shoulder joint. During the routine dissection of the right upper extremity of an adult male cadaver a distinct separate tendinous insertion into the shoulder joint capsule was identified. This vertical tendon (7 mm × 6 cm) traveled just lateral to the long head of the biceps brachii muscle and terminated into the fibrous aspect of the joint capsule without penetrating it. Mechanical traction on the humeral attachment of the pectoralis major resulted in anteroinferior displacement of the s...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 28, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: R. Shane Tubbs, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Ghaffar Shokouhi, Marios Loukas, W. Jerry Oakes Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Architecture of odor information processing in the olfactory systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Since the discovery of the superfamily of approximately 1000 odorant receptor genes in rodents, the structural simplicity as well as the complexity of the olfactory system have been revealed. The simple aspects include the one neuron–one ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 26, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Architecture of odor information processing in the olfactory systemEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the discovery of the superfamily of approximately 1000 odorant receptor genes in rodents, the structural simplicity as well as the complexity of the olfactory system have been revealed. The simple aspects include the one neuron[ndash]one receptor rule and the exclusive convergence of projections from receptor neurons expressing the same receptors to one or two glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Odor decoding in the olfactory cortex or higher cortical areas is likely to be a complicated process that depends on the sequence of signal activation and the relative signal intensities of receptors overlapping for similar but ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 25, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Takaaki Sato, Junzo Hirono, Hiroshi Hamana, Takahiro Ishikawa, Akira Shimizu, Ichiro Takashima, Riichi Kajiwara, Toshio Iijima Tags: Special Issue on the Olfactory System Source Type: journals

Arcuate line of the rectus sheath: Clinical approachEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The rectus sheath has been extensively described in gross anatomic studies but there is very little information available regarding the arcuate line (AL). The aim of the present study therefore was to explore and delineate the morphology, ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Nerve fiber analysis of ansa cervicalis–vagus communicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Communications between the ansa cervicalis and the vagus nerve, although described only as variations in many textbooks, can be observed frequently in the dissection room. Following macroscopic observation, some of such cases were subsequently ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the distribution of tyrosine kinase receptor B in olfactory axonsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract To determine the morphological basis for the neurotrophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the primary olfactory pathway (POP), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), a membrane-bound receptor for BDNF, was identified and ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Centrifugal innervation of the mammalian olfactory bulbEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Although it has been known for decades that the mammalian olfactory bulb receives a substantial number of centrifugal inputs from other regions of the brain, relatively few data have been available on the function of the centrifugal olfactory ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Zygomaticofacial, zygomaticoorbital and zygomaticotemporal foramina: Anatomical studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The zygomatic nerve may be disrupted when elevating periorbita from the lateral wall during orbital surgery, and care should be taken to prevent injury to this nerve during lateral orbitotomy approaches to access intraorbital soft-tissue tumors. ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Immunohistochemical study of the phrenic ganglionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Peripheral nerve ‘pseudoganglia’ are described in the literature with little focus on histology. The phrenic ganglia, which are located on the inferior surface of the diaphragm and are associated with the phrenic nerves, have been described by ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Alternative approach to evaluating lumbar lordosis on direct roentgenograms: Projection area per length squaredEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Several methods have been described to evaluate the degree of lumbar lordosis. However, suggested methods have used non-standardized terminology and landmarks to measure the degree of lumbar lordosis. In the present study a practical method for ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Structure of the syringeal muscles in jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Birds’ vocalizations are produced by the syrinx, which is located between the trachea and the two primary bronchi. Oscine birds have multiple pairs of syringeal muscles in the syrinx. To determine the detailed structure of the syringeal muscle ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Variations in the configuration of the circle of WillisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract Brains were obtained from 1000 medicolegal autopsy subjects of varying ages. The circle of Wills was examined at the base of the brain. The cerebral vessels were observed with regards to their origin, caliber and typical configuration. ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Sexual dimorphism in the medial vestibular nucleus of adult rats: Stereological studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anatomical Science International, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Abstract The vestibular system helps the body to maintain equilibrium. There are four vestibular nuclei on the right and left sides, the medial vestibular nucleus being the largest. The volumes and total numbers of neurons in the left and right medial ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2008 Category: Anatomy Tags: article Source Type: journals

Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the distribution of tyrosine kinase receptor B in olfactory axonsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To determine the morphological basis for the neurotrophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the primary olfactory pathway (POP), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), a membrane-bound receptor for BDNF, was identified and localized in axons of olfactory receptor cells (ORC) of neonatal rat olfactory mucosa using immuno-histochemical and -cytochemical techniques. Initially, the immunospecificity of an anti-TrkB antibody that had been used as a specific antibody for full-length TrkB was confirmed in the olfactory mucosa. Then, a combination of a reduced osmium-LR-White and post-embedding immunogold techniqu...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 3, 2008 Category: Anatomy Authors: Rumi Hasegawa, Shigeru Takami, Fumiaki Nishiyama Tags: Special Issue on the Olfactory System Source Type: journals