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Editorial boardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

AbstractEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

DEVELOPMENT OF ICRP’S PHILOSOPHY ON THE ENVIRONMENTEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Commission first addressed the protection of the environment in its 1977 Recommendations:Although the principal objective of radiation protection is the achievement and maintenance of appropriately safe conditions for activities involving human exposure, the level of safety required for the protection of all human individuals is thought likely to protect other species, although not necessarily individual members of those species. The Commission therefore believes that if man is adequately protected then other living things are also likely to be sufficiently protected ().
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Roger H. Clarke, Lars-Erik Holm Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

Preface, Executive summary and GlossaryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Environmental protection is a global issue that impacts upon human activities in many different ways. All forms of actual or potential threats to the environment are a cause for concern, action, or regulation, including ionising radiation. In May 2000, the Commission decided to set up a Task Group, chaired by Lars-Erik Holm, to address these issues. The final report of the Task Group was accepted in 2002 and published as Publication 91 in 2003 (). The Task Group considered that a broader framework for radiation protection of the environment needed to be developed, and that it should be sufficiently flexible to be applied w...
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Sections 1 and 2Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(1) The Commission, in its 2007 Recommendations (), broadened its protection framework beyond the primary aim of contributing to an appropriate level of protection for human beings in an environmental context, to one that includes protection of the environment itself against the detrimental effects of radiation exposure, without unduly limiting the desirable human actions that may be associated with such exposure. With respect to the protection of human beings, the Commission’s objectives are relatively straightforward: to manage and control exposures to ionising radiation so that deterministic effects are prevented, and...
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Sections 3 and 4Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(66) It is useful to consider radiation in an environmental context, as in any other, by relating it to a source, where the term ‘source’ indicates any physical entity or procedure that results in a potentially quantifiable radiation dose. If radioactive materials are released from an installation to the environment, the installation as a whole may be regarded as a source; if they are already dispersed in the environment, the portion of radioactive materials to which exposure is of interest may be considered as a source.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Sections 5 and 6Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(139) There is a large database on the effects of radiation on plants and animals, and much of it has been reviewed from one standpoint or another over the last decade or so (). A number of different approaches can and have been used to organise the data. Particularly valuable has been the FREDERICA Radiation Effects Database, developed as part of the ERICA project ().
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Sections 7 and 8Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(213) As indicated at the end of Chapter 6, the need to make evaluations of the impact of radiation on the environment, now or in the future, will arise for reasons that stem from any or all of the various environmental management requirements discussed in Chapter 2, but probably particularly in relation to pollution control and nature conservation, or under the general guise of what might be termed an ‘environmental impact assessment’. The practical consequence, however, is that this need may now be considered to include any of a number of objectives, each of which might need to be expressed, and deemed ‘acceptable�...
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Annexes A and BEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(A1) Although the taxonomic framework for past and present life on Earth has always been somewhat flexible, and is still the subject of much debate, virtually all macroscopic forms of life can be simply divided into either animals or plants. Fungi are often considered separately, although they have also been (and sometimes still are) grouped with the plants. Single-celled organisms have also usually been considered separately (known traditionally as the Protista), as have bacteria, viruses, and similar micro-organisms. The modern trend is to assume a five-kingdom classification consisting of a super-kingdom called the Euka...
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

ANNEX C. DOSE CONVERSION FACTORSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The DCF in the tables below are given for the geometries as described in Chapter 4.5: Aquatic organisms are treated as being submerged in an infinite water medium. For those living at an interface (air-water or water-sediment), the DCFs can be easily derived from geometrical considerations by halving the listed DCF values.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

ANNEX D. RADIATION EFFECTS IN REFERENCE ANIMALS AND PLANTSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(D1) In order to suggest derived consideration reference levels for the Reference Animals and Plants, the following information has been taken into account. Much of it has merely been compiled in ’note’ form, from a large number of documents. This Annex is provided in order to draw attention to the range of data available (and to the lack of data in many important areas) as well as to their variable quality.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

ANNEX E. EXTRAPOLATION AND INTERPOLATION OF BASIC DOSIMETRY ASSUMPTIONSTO OTHER SHAPES AND SIZES OF ANIMALS AND PLANTSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(E1) The Reference Animals and Plants are, by definition, intended to serve as points of reference. However, this raises the question of how departures from such points of reference should best be judged and measured. This issue has been considered with regard to dosimetry, within the confines of the limited way in which dosimetric models have been developed, as discussed below. There are a number of factors to be considered, including those of shape, size, and the relative position of source and object.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - August 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

AbstractEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

In the book of life, the answers aren’t in the back – Charlie Brown, fictional character of the Peanuts comic strip created by Charles SchulzEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This publication tabulates the energies and intensities of radiations emitted in spontaneous nuclear transformation (decay) of 1252 radionuclides, and thus supersedes Publication 38 (). The tabulations, collectively referred to as ‘nuclear decay data’, are provided electronically on a compact disk (CD) accompanying the publication rather than in printed tables as was the case for Publication 38. Unlike the oversize format of Publication 38, this issue of the Annals of the ICRP can reside on your bookshelf with the other issues of the journal.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

ContentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

PREFACEEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has the responsibility for providing dose coefficients for intakes of and exposure to radionuclides by workers who are occupationally exposed and by members of the public exposed to radionuclides in the environment. Over the past 30 years, the dosimetric coefficients calculated by the Task Group on Dose Calculations (formed in June 1974) were based on the yields and energies of radiations emitted in nuclear transformations as tabulated in Publication 38 (ICRP, 1983). Publication 38 provided data for the radionuclides addressed in Publication 30 (...
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: journals

MAIN POINTSEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The yields and energies of radiations emitted in nuclear transformations of 1252 radionuclides have been assembled for use in calculating nuclide-specific protection and operational quantities.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

Annex A. Radionuclides of the ICRP-07 collectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(A1) The 1252 radionuclides of the ICRP-07 collection are listed in in order of atomic number. Indented on the line following the radionuclide is the identity of the daughter nuclide formed by the nuclear transformation (nt) of the parent, along with the fraction of the parent’s transformation creating the daughter. If the daughter nucleus is stable then it is shown in italics. The half-life, decay mode, and energy emitted per nuclear transformation are also shown.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: ICRP Source Type: journals

User guide to the ICRP CD and the DECDATA softwareEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.icrp.2008.10.001.
Source: Annals of the ICRP - June 1, 2008 Category: Environmental Health Authors: K.F. Eckerman, A. Endo Source Type: journals