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Novel insights about class 2 integrons from experimental and genomic epidemiology.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to contribute to the knowledge of the architecture and epidemiology of class 2 integrons, we performed a class 2 integron molecular survey analyzing 726 isolates in two bacterial populations, from environmental and non-epidemiologically related clinical samples, respectively, collected during 1982-2007. We recovered the intI2 gene in 130 out of 726 isolates, of which most were clinical isolates, and only one (a psychrophilic Pseudomonas spp.) was from a water sample. Unlike the widespread distribution of class 1 integrons within gram-negative bacilli, only Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae harbor...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ramírez MS, Piñeiro S, , Centrón D Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Ceftobiprole is Superior to Vancomycin, Daptomycin, and Linezolid, for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Experimental Endocarditis in Rabbits.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Beta lactam agents are the most active drugs for the treatment of streptococci and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are resistant to all beta lactam agents licensed to date, and alternative treatments are limited. Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the penicillin-binding protein that mediates methicillin resistance of staphylococci, and is active against MRSA. Ceftobiprole was compared to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid, in a rabbit model of MRSA aortic valve endocarditis caused by...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tattevin P, Basuino L, Bauer D, Diep BA, Chambers HF Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Panel of Prototypical Raltegravir-Resistant Infectious Molecular Clones in a Novel Integrase-Deleted Cloning Vector.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We created an HIV-1 cloning vector, pNL4.3DeltaIN, to generate recombinant infectious molecular clones for analysis of patient-derived HIV-1 integrase coding regionsgenes. Using this vector, we constructed a clinically-derived virus panel clinical integrase genes with the canonical patterns of raltegravir-resistance mutations and submitted the panel to the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. Investigational integrase inhibitors with activity against these clones are likely to retain activity against the most clinically relevant raltegravir-resistant variants. PMID: 19917747 [PubMed - as supplied by pub...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Reuman EC, Bachmann MH, Varghese V, Fessel WJ, Shafer RW Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Anti-Clostridium difficile Potential of Tetramic Acid Derivatives from Pseudomonas Quorum-Sensing Autoinducer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have examined the potential bactericidal activity of several tetramic acids derived from Pseudomonas autoinducers, against Clostridium difficile, a cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembrane colitis. Clinical isolates of C. difficile (n=4) were incubated in broth with a chemically synthesized Pseudomonas autoinducer and its tetramic acid derivatives. The structure-activity correlation and the mechanisms of action were examined by a time-killing assay and morphological/staining characteristics. Some tetramic acids derived from 3-oxo-C12 homoserine lactone resulted in more than 3 log reduction of viability of C. di...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ueda C, Tateda K, Horikawa M, Kimura S, Ishii Y, Nomura K, Yamada K, Suematsu T, Inoue Y, Ishiguro M, Miyairi S, Yamaguchi K Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Interaction of ceftobiprole with the Enterococcus faecium low-affinity PBP5.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ceftobiprole is a new cephalosporin that exhibits a high affinity for the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a. It was reported that ceftobiprole did not interact with a mutated form of the low-affinity Enterococcus faecium PBP5 (PBBP5fm) that when over-expressed confers a beta-lactam resistance phenotype to the bacterium. Our results show that ceftobiprole binds to the unmutated PBP5fm to form a stable acyl-enzyme and that it is able to efficiently kill a penicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain that has this protein. PMID: 19917749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Ag...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Henry X, Amoroso A, Coyette J, Joris B Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

VIM-19, a metallo-ss-lactamase with increased carbapenemase activity from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study indicates that MBLs with an enhanced activity toward carbapenems may be obtained as a result of very few amino acid substitutions. PMID: 19917750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Nordmann P, Fortineau N, Poirel L Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Efficacy of Posaconazole against three clinical Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates with Mutations in the cyp51A Gene.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The in-vivo efficacy of posaconazole against 4 clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates with posaconazole MICs ranging from 0.03 to 16 mg/L, as determined with the CLSI-M38A method, was assessed in a nonneutropenic murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. Underlying resistance mechanisms of the isolates included substitutions in the cyp51A gene at codon 220 (M220I), codon 54 (G54W) and codon 98 (L98H). The latter was combined with a 34 bp tandem repeat in the gene promoter region (TR/L98H). The control isolate exhibited a wild type phenotype without any known resistance mechanism. Oral posaconazole therapy was starte...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mavridou E, Brüggemann RJ, Melchers WJ, Mouton JW, Verweij PE Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Fitness Costs and Stability of a High-Level Ciprofloxacin Resistance Phenotype in Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis: Reduced Infectivity Associated with Decreased Expression of SPI-1 Genes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis is associated with fitness costs. In the absence of antibiotic selection pressure isolates may acquire mutations enabling reversion to an intermediate-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype associated with less significant fitness costs. PMID: 19917752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: O'Regan E, Quinn T, Frye JG, Pagès JM, Porwollik S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, McClelland M, Fanning S Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Gallium disrupts iron uptake by intracellular and extracellular francisella and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in a murine pulmonary infection model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
GALLIUM DISRUPTS IRON UPTAKE BY INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR FRANCISELLA AND EXHIBITS THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN A MURINE PULMONARY INFECTION MODEL. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov 16; Authors: Olakanmi O, Gunn JS, Su S, Soni S, Hassett DJ, Britigan BE Francisella tularensis requires iron (Fe) for growth, but the biologic sources of Fe for this organism are largely unknown. We found that Francisella sp. growing in broth culture or within human macrophages can acquire Fe from the two major host Fe binding proteins, lactoferrin (Lf) and transferrin (Tf). Fe acquisition is a potential target for novel therap...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Olakanmi O, Gunn JS, Su S, Soni S, Hassett DJ, Britigan BE Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Mutasynthesis of lincomycin derivatives with activity against drug-resistant staphylococci.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The lincomycin biosynthetic gene lmbX was deleted in Streptomyces lincolnensis ATCC 25466 that led to abolition of lincomycin production. Complementation experiments proved the blockage in biosynthesis of lincomycin precursor 4-propyl-L-proline. Feeding this mutant strain with precursor derivatives resulted in production of 4'-butyl-4'-depropyllincomycin and 4'-pentyl-4'-depropyllincomycin in high titers and without lincomycin contamination. Moreover, 4'-pentyl-4'-depropyllincomycin was found to be more active than lincomycin against clinical Staphylococcus isolates with genes determining low-level lincosamide resistan...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ulanova D, Novotná J, Smutná Y, Kameník Z, Gazak R, Sulc M, Sedmera P, Kadlcik S, Plhackova K, Janata J Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Characteristics and population dynamics of mosaic penA allele-containing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Sydney, Australia, 2007 - 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
1800 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Sydney, Australia in 2007-2008 were examined for mosaic penA that mediated cephalosporin resistance and for their genotype. In 2008, there were substantial increases in numbers (15 to 85) and proportions (1.5% to 10.3%) of mosaic-containing gonococci and major shifts in genotypic patterns when ten new genotypes represented 74 of the 85 mosaic-containing isolates and genotypes detected between 2001 and 2005 disappeared. Enhanced surveillance of gonococcal resistance to cephalosporins is necessary. PMID: 19917755 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tapsall JW, Ray S, Limnios A Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Efficacy profile of daptomycin for the treatment of invasive as compared to non-invasive pulmonary infections with S. pneumoniae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Daptomycin is a novel lipopeptide antibiotic with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, but its therapeutic value for the treatment of invasive pneumococcal disease as compared to pneumococcal pneumonia is incompletely defined. We investigated the efficacy of daptomycin in two models of S. pneumoniae-induced lung infection, i.e., pneumococcal pneumonia or septic pneumococcal disease. Mice were infected with bioluminescent, invasive serotype 2 or less virulent serotype 19 S. pneumoniae, followed by semi-therapeutic or therapeutic daptomycin or ceftriaxone treatment. Readouts included survival, ba...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Henken S, Bohling J, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Paton JC, Ogunniyi AD, Briles DE, Salisbury VC, Wedekind D, Bode-Böger SM, Welsh T, Bange F, Welte T, Maus UA Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Teicoplanin-loaded Calcium Sulphate for the Treatment of Chronic MRSA Osteomyelitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of teicoplanin-loaded calcium sulphate (TCS, 10 wt% teicoplanin) was investigated in a rabbit model of chronic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis. The in vitro elution characteristics of teicoplanin from TCS pellets were realized by carrying out an evaluation on release kinetics, recovery rate and antibacterial activity of the released teicoplanin. Chronic osteomyelitis was induced by inoculating 10(7) cfu of MRSA strain into the tibial cavity of rabbits. After 3 weeks, the animals were treated by debridement, followed by implantation of TCS pellet...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jia WT, Luo SH, Zhang CQ, Wang JQ Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Generic and specific adaptative response of Streptococcus pneumoniae to challenge with three distinct antimicrobial peptides: bacitracin, LL-37 and nisin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we show that resistance to three different AMPs in S. pneumoniae is mediated by several putative ABC transporters, some of which have not been associated with antimicrobial resistance in this organism before. In addition, a GntR-like regulator was identified, which regulates two of these transporters. Our findings extend the understanding of defense mechanisms of this important human pathogen against antimicrobial compounds and points toward novel proteins, i.e. putative ABC transporters, which can be used as targets for the development of new antimicrobials. PMID: 19917758 [PubMed - as supplied by publi...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Majchrzykiewicz JA, Kuipers OP, Bijlsma JJ Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Escherichia coli Sequence Type ST131 as an Emerging Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Uropathogen among Renal Transplant Recipients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Among 40 Escherichia coli urine isolates from renal transplant recipients (Galveston, Texas: 2003-2005), sequence type ST131 (O25:H4) was highly prevalent (35% overall; 60% of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates), virulent-appearing, antimicrobial resistant (but extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-susceptible), and associated with black race. Pulsotypes were diverse; some linked to other locales. ST131 emerged significantly during the study period. These findings suggest that E. coli ST131 may constitute an important new multidrug-resistant threat to renal transplant recipients. PMID: 19917759 [PubMed - as supplied by p...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Johnson JR, Johnston B, Clabots C, Kuskowski MA, Pendyala S, Debroy C, Nowicki B, Rice J Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Cellular Pharmacology of the Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agent ss-L-2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-N4-hydroxycytidine: Relevance for the Activation in HepG2 Cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
ss-L-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-N(4)-hydroxycytidine (L-Hyd4C) was demonstrated to be an effective and highly selective inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HepG2.2.15 cells (ED50=0.03 muM; CD50 =2,500 muM). In the present study we investigated the intracellular pharmacology of tritiated L-Hyd4C in HepG2 cells. [(3)H]L-Hyd4C was shown to be phospho-rylated extensively and rapidly to the 5'-mono-, 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphate derivatives. Other metabolites deriving from a reduction or removal of the NHOH-group of L-Hyd4C could not be detected, although both reactions were described as the primary catabol...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Matthes E, Bünger H Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Structure-microbicidal activity relationship of synthetic fragments derived from the antibacterial {alpha}-helix of human lactoferrin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study the structure - microbicidal activity relationship of amino acid residues 14-31 from the N-terminal end, corresponding to the antibacterial alpha-helix of human lactoferrin (LF), was investigated by down-sizing, alanine scanning and substitution of amino acids. Microbicidal analysis (99 % killing) was performed by a microplate assay, using E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans as test organisms. Starting from the N-terminal end, downsizing of peptide sequence 14-31 showed that the peptide 19-31 (KCFQWQRNMRKVR, HL9) was the optimal length for antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, HL9 bound to lipid A/LPS, as show...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Håversen L, Kondori N, Baltzer L, Hanson LA, Dolphin GT, Dunér K, Mattsby-Baltzer I Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In Vitro Potency of CXA-101, a Novel Cephalosporin, Against Resistant Phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Including Multi-drug Resistant Isolates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the activity of a novel cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR26 4205) against a panel of highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from US hospitals. CXA-101 demonstrated increased potency against this population of resistant isolates, with activity 4- to 10-fold higher than that of comparator agents in each phenotypic category. The addition of tazobactam did not improve its activity. CXA-101 appears to be a promising addition to the category of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams. PMID: 19917762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bulik CC, Christensen H, Nicolau DP Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Method for screening compounds that influence virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a simple assay to examine effects of compounds on virulence gene expression in the human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. The assay employs transcriptional reporter strains carrying lacZ fused to central virulence genes. Compounds affecting virulence gene expression and activity of the agr locus are scored as colour change in presence of a chromogenic beta-galactosidase substrate. The assay can be used to screen for novel anti-virulence compounds from many different sources such as fungi as demonstrated here. PMID: 19917763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nielsen A, Nielsen KF, Frees D, Larsen TO, Ingmer H Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Transfer of plasmid-mediated CTX-M-9 from Salmonella enterica Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae in human flora-associated rat (HFA-rat) treated with cefixime.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Food animals are a potential source of CTX-M resistance genes for human pathogens. We evaluated the transfer of the blaCTX-M-9 gene from animal strain of Salmonella enterica Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae of the human intestinal flora, using human flora-associated rats (HFA-rat) with and without cefixime treatment. In the absence of antibiotic, no transconjugant enterobacteria were found in the feces of HFA-rats. However, the transfer rate was high if Escherichia coli J5 recipient strains were co-inoculated orally with Salmonella. S. enterica Virchow persisted in the rat fecal flora, both during and after treatment with...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faure S, Perrin-Guyomard A, Delmas JM, Chatre P, Laurentie M Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In Vitro Activity of Fosfomycin Against blaKPC-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates including those nonsusceptible to tigecycline and/or colistin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In vitro activity of fosfomycin was evaluated against 68 blaKPC-possessing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) isolates including 23 tigecycline- and/or colistin-nonsusceptible strains. By agar dilution 93% of the overall KPC-Kp were susceptible (MIC50/90 of 16/64 mug/ml, respectively). The subgroup of 23 tigecycline- and/or colistin-nonsusceptible strains showed susceptibility rates of 87% (MIC50/90 of 32/128 mug/ml, respectively). Notably, 5 out of 6 extreme drug resistant (tigecycline and colistin nonsusceptible) KPC-Kp were susceptible to fosfomycin. When compared to agar dilution, disk diffusion was more accurate than ...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Endimiani A, Patel G, Hujer KM, Swaminathan M, Perez F, Rice LB, Jacobs MR, Bonomo RA Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

A novel class of meso-tetrakis-porphyrin derivatives exhibit potent activities against hepatitis C virus genotype 1b replicons in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent years have seen the rapid advancement of new therapeutic agents against hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) in response to the need for treatment that is unmet by interferon-based therapies. Most antiviral drugs discovered to date are small molecules that modulate viral enzyme activities. In the search for highly selective protein-binding molecules capable of disrupting viral life cycle, we have identified a class of anionic tetraphenylporphyrins as potent and specific inhibitors of the HCV replicons. Based on the structure-activity relationship studies reported herein, meso-tetrakis-(3,5-dicarboxy-4,4'-biphenyl) porphyri...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cheng Y, Tsou LK, Cai J, Aya T, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Grill SP, Chen AP, Lindenbach BD, Hamilton AD, Cheng YC Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Novel Ambler Class A Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing {beta}-Lactamase, from a Pseudomonas fluorescens in the Seine River, Paris, France.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF-1) isolate resistant to carbapenems was recovered during an environmental survey performed from the Seine river (Paris). It expressed a novel Ambler class A carbapenemase, BIC-1, sharing 68 and 59% amino acid identity with beta-lactamases SFC-1 from Serratia fonticola and the plasmid-encoded KPC-2, respectively. beta-Lactamase BIC-1 hydrolyzed penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins except ceftazidime and monobactams. The blaBIC-1 gene was chromosomally-located and was also identified in two other P. fluorescens strains isolated in the Seine river three months later. PMID: 19901091...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Novel VIM Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Variant from Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Algeria.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Five different strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from two patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Central Military Hospital of Algiers, Algeria. All five strains, one Providencia stuartii, two Escherichia coli and two Klebsiella pneumoniae, were intermediate or resistant to all beta-lactams, including carbapenems. Synergy was observed for all the strains between imipenem and EDTA. PCR experiment confirmed the presence of a blaVIMin all five strains. The blaVIM genes were located as part of a class 1 integron on a 180 kb conjugative plasmid. They encoded a novel metallo-beta-lactamase designate...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Robin F, Aggoune-Khinache N, Delmas J, Naim M, Bonnet R Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Effects of Combinations of Favipiravir (T-705) and Oseltamivir on Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1) Virus Infections in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Favipiravir (T-705, 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) and oseltamivir were combined to treat influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), and A/Duck/MN/1525/81 (H5N1) virus infections. T-705 alone inhibited viruses in cell culture at 1.4-4.3 muM. Oseltamivir inhibited these three viruses in cells at 3.7, 0.02, and 0.16 muM, and at 0.94, 0.46, and 2.31 nM in neuraminidase assays, respectively. Oral treatments were given twice daily to mice for 5-7 days starting generally 24 h after infection. Survival resulting from 5 days of oseltamivir treatment (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/day) was significantly better in combina...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Smee DF, Hurst BL, Wong MH, Bailey KW, Tarbet EB, Morrey JD, Furuta Y Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Dispersal of carbapenemase blaVIM-1 gene associated with different Tn402 variants, mercury transposons and conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The emergence of blaVIM-1 within four different genetic platforms from distinct Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in an area with low prevalence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers is presented. Forty-three VIM-1 producing isolates corresponding to 15 PFGE types (9 Enterobacter cloacae, 2 Escherichia coli, 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 Klebsiella oxytoca) recovered from 2005 to 2007 were studied. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates corresponded to a hospital outbreak and the P. aeruginosa isolates were sporadically recovered. The genetic context of the integrons carrying...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tato M, Coque TM, Baquero F, Cantón R Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Impact of Y143 HIV-1 integrase mutations on resistance to Raltegravir in vitro and in vivo.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Integrase, the HIV-1 enzyme responsible for the integration of the viral genome into the chromosomes of infected cells, is the target of the recently approved antiviral raltegravir. Despite its activity against viruses resistant to other antiretrovirals, failures against raltegravir therapy were observed, in association with the emergence of resistance due to mutations in the integrase coding region. Two pathways involving primary mutations on residues N155 and Q148 have been characterized. It was suggested that mutations at residue Y143 might constitute a third primary pathway for resistance. The aims of this study we...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Delelis O, Thierry S, Subra F, Simon F, Malet I, Alloui C, Sayon S, Calvez V, Deprez E, Marcelin AG, Tchertanov L, Mouscadet JF Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Factors associated with virological response to etravirine in non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor experienced HIV-1 infected patients.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, ETR was associated with high response rates in NNRTI-experienced patients in combination with other active drugs regardless of the therapeutic class used. PMID: 19901096 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Marcelin AG, Flandre P, Descamps D, Morand-Joubert L, Charpentier C, Izopet J, Trabaud MA, Saoudin H, Delaugerre C, Tamalet C, Cottalorda J, Bouvier-Alias M, Bettinger D, Dos Santos G, Ruffault A, Alloui C, Henquell C, Rogez S, Barin F, Signori-Schmuck A, Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

First isolation of the blaOXA-23 carbapenemase gene from an environmental Acinetobacter baumannii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Acinetobacter baumannii is frequently associated with nosocomial infections and its increasing resistance to carbapenems, may significantly reduce the choice of effective antibiotics (2). ... PMID: 19884362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Biologic Activities of the TolC-like Protein of Neisseria meningitidis as Assessed by Functional Complementation in Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Neisseria meningitidis can produce a TolC-like protein needed for secretion of FrpC, but not efflux of antimicrobials. We now report that expression of the meningococcal tolC gene in a TolC-deficient strain of Escherichia coli can restore properties of alpha-hemolysis and antimicrobial resistance known to involve efflux pumps. PMID: 19884363 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kamal N, Shafer WM Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In Vivo Activity of Ceftobiprole in Murine Skin Infections Due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (30), was evaluated in a subcutaneous skin infection model with Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 (MSSA), S. aureus OC 8525 (MRSA), P. aeruginosa OC 4351 (inducible AmpC beta-lactamase), and P. aeruginosa OC 4354 (overproducing AmpC beta-lactamase). In the MSSA and MRSA infection models, ceftobiprole, dosed as the prodrug ceftobiprole medocaril, was more effective in reducing CFU/g skin (P < 0.001) than cefazolin, vancomycin, or linezolid based on the dose-response profiles. Skin lesion volumes in ...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fernandez J, Hilliard JJ, Abbanat D, Zhang W, Melton JL, Santoro CM, Flamm RK, Bush K Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of S/GSK1349572, a Next Generation HIV Integrase Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
S/GSK1349572 is a novel integrase inhibitor with potent in vitro anti-HIV activity, a different in vitro resistance profile than other integrase inhibitors, and a favorable preclinical safety and pharmacokinetics (PK). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-dose and multiple-dose, dose escalation studies evaluated PK, safety, and tolerability in healthy subjects. In the single-dose study, 2 cohorts of 10 subjects (8 active, 2 placebo) received suspension doses of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg in an alternating panel design. In the multiple-dose study, 3 cohorts of 10 subjects (8 active, 2 placebo) received s...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Min S, Song I, Borland J, Chen S, Lou Y, Fujiwara T, Piscitelli SC Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Tract Isolates in Korea: Results of the Nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and beta-lactam resistance mechanisms of 544 H. influenzae isolates through the nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance (ARIS) network in Korea during 2005 and 2006 were determined. Resistance to ampicillin was 58.5%, followed by cefuroxime (23.3%), clarithromycin (18.7%), cefaclor (17.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (10.4%), and chloramphenicol (8.1%). Levofloxacin and cefotaxime were the most active agents tested in this study. beta-lactamase production (52.4%) was the main mechanism of ampicillin resistance, with the rate (96.1%) of TEM-1 type beta-lactamase. According...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bae S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim E, Lee S, Yu J, Kang Y Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

An A643T mutation in the transcription factor Upc2p causes constitutive ERG11 upregulation and increased fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The zinc cluster transcription factor Upc2p mediates upregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in response to ergosterol depletion in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. One mechanism of acquired resistance to the antifungal drug fluconazole, which inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, is constitutively increased expression of the ERG11 gene encoding the drug target enzyme. A G648D mutation in Upc2p has recently been shown to cause hyperactivity of the transcription factor, resulting in overexpression of ergosterol biosynthesis genes and increased fluconazole resistance. In order to investigate if gain-of-function mu...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Heilmann CJ, Schneider S, Barker KS, Rogers PD, Morschhäuser J Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

A Dose-Escalation Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a Novel Potent Broad-Spectrum Non-Fluorinated Quinolone, in Healthy Volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is a novel non-fluorinated quinolone with potent broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin- and quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of nemonoxacin were investigated in this double-blind, ascending single-dose study, involving 56 healthy subjects (48 males, 8 females) who were randomly assigned to 1/7 dose cohorts. In each successive cohort, two subjects received a pla...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lin L, Chang LW, Tsai CY, Hsu CH, Chung DT, Aronstein WS, Ajayi F, Kuzmak B, Lyon RA Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In-vitro and in-vivo activity of 1-hydroxy-2-alkyl-4(1H)quinolone derivatives against Toxoplasma gondii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe here two novel 1-hydroxyquinolones, which displayed a 10- and 5-fold lower IC50 than HDQ. In a mouse model of acute toxoplasmosis these two compounds and HDQ reduced the percentage of infected peritoneal cells and decreased the parasite load in lung and liver. Compound B showed a tendency towards lower parasite loads in brains in a mouse model of toxoplasmic encephalitis. PMID: 19884369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bajohr LL, Ma L, Platte C, Liesenfeld O, Tietze LF, Groß U, Bohne W Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Susceptibility testing of Candida species to echinocandins: comparison of EUCAST EDef 7.1, CLSI M27-A3, Etest, disk diffusion and agar-dilution using RPMI and IsoSensitest medium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, no test was perfect but anidulafungin susceptibility testing using WT-UL to define susceptibility reliably identified fks hot spot mutants. PMID: 19884370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Arendrup MC, Garcia-Effron G, Lass-Flörl C, Gomez Lopez A, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Cuenca-Estrella M, Perlin DS Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

The Effect of Antifungal Timing on Mortality in Cancer Patients with Candidemia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prior studies have shown that delays in treatment are associated with increased mortality in patients with candidemia. The purpose of this study was to measure three separate time periods comprising the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia and to determine which one(s) are associated with hospital mortality. Patients with a positive blood culture for Candida were identified. Subjects were excluded if no antifungal therapy was given or if there was preexisting antifungal therapy. Collected data included: time from blood culture collection to positivity (incubation period), time from blood culture positivity to provider...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Taur Y, Cohen N, Dubnow S, Paskovaty A, Seo SK Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

The slow release of Nitric Oxide from charged catheter and its effect on Biofilm formation by Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, Foley urinary catheters were impregnated with gaseous NO. These catheters demonstrated a slow release of nitric oxide over a 14 day period. The charged catheters were rendered antiseptic, and as such, were able to prevent bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on their luminal and exterior surfaces. In addition, we observed that NO impregnated catheters were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli within the surrounding media, demonstrating the ability to eradicate a bacterial concentration of up to 10(4) cfu/ml. PMID: 19884372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Regev-Shoshani G, Ko M, Miller C, Av-Gay Y Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Screening and Quantification of the Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii with a Microarray.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray was developed to evaluate expression of genes for efflux pumps in Acinetobacter baumannii and to detect acquired antibiotic resistance determinants. The microarray contained probes for 205 genes including those for 47 efflux systems, 55 resistance determinants, and 35 housekeeping genes. The microarray was validated by comparative analysis of mutants overexpressing or deleted for the pumps relative to the parental strain. The performance of the microarray was also evaluated using in vitro single step mutants obtained on various antibiotics. Overexpression, confirmed by quantitati...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Coyne S, Guigon G, Courvalin P, Périchon B Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Multiple-Dose Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in Healthy Volunteers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the results support further clinical investigation of once-daily nemonoxacin administration for antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. PMID: 19884374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chung DT, Tsai CY, Chen SJ, Chang LW, King CH, Hsu CH, Chiu KM, Tan HC, Chang YT, Hsu MC Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Unusual Class 1 Integron Configuration found in SGI2 from Salmonella enterica Serovar Emek.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
SGI2 is an independently-derived genomic island related to SGI1 with the integron in a different position. The integron in SGI2 was found to include an additional 2.1 kb derived from the tni module of Tn5058, Tn502 or Tn512 that was not detected previously. Independent evolution of the backbone was confirmed with 21 single base differences found in over 11.5 kb, representing 40% of the 27.4 kb SGI2 backbone. PMID: 19884375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wilson NL, Hall RM Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

In vitro activity of cem-101 against streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes with defined macrolide resistance mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF CEM-101 AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AND STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES WITH DEFINED MACROLIDE RESISTANCE MECHANISMS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov 2; Authors: McGhee P, Clark C, Kosowska-Shick K, Nagai K, Dewasse B, Beachel L, Appelbaum PC CEM-101 had an MIC range against macrolide-susceptible pneumococci of 0.002-0.016 mug/ml and of 0.004-1 mug/ml against macrolide-resistant phenotypes. Only 3 strains with erm(B) +/- mef(A) had CEM-101 MICs of 1 mug/ml and 218/221 strains had CEM-101 MICs </=0.5 mug/ml. CEM-101 MICs were up to 4-fold lower than those of telithromycin against all st...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: McGhee P, Clark C, Kosowska-Shick K, Nagai K, Dewasse B, Beachel L, Appelbaum PC Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A {beta}-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as CDC group Ve-1 and named Chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. A novel beta-lactamase gene, blaLUT-1 was cloned from the whole-cell DNA of the P. luteola clinical isolate LAM, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene encoded LUT-1, a 296-amino acid Ambler class A beta-lactamase with a pI value of 6 and a theoretical molecular mass of 28.9 kD. The catalytic efficiency of this enzyme was higher for cephalothin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime than for pen...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Doublet B, Robin F, Casin I, Fabre L, Le Fleche A, Bonnet R, Weill FX Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

BEL-2, an expanded-spectrum ss-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate recovered in Belgium produced a novel extended-spectrum ss-lactamase BEL-2, differing from BEL-1 by a single Leu162Phe substitution. That modification significantly altered the kinetic properties of the enzyme, increasing its affinity for expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The blaBEL-2 gene was identified from a P. aeruginosa isolate clonally-related to another blaBEL-1-positive isolate. PMID: 19884378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Poirel L, Docquier JD, De Luca F, Verlinde A, Ide L, Rossolini GM, Nordmann P Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Hydrolysis and Inhibition Profiles of {beta}-Lactamases from Molecular Classes A to D with Doripenem, Imipenem and Meropenem.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Stability of doripenem to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases from molecular classes A-D was compared to imipenem and meropenem. Doripenem was stable to hydrolysis by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC-type beta-lactamases, and demonstrated high affinity for the AmpC enzymes. For the serine carbapenemases, SME-3 and KPC-2, and metallo-beta-lactamases, IMP-1 and VIM-2, doripenem hydrolysis was generally 2 to 150-fold slower than imipenem hydrolysis. SPM-1 hydrolyzed meropenem and doripenem four-fold faster than imipenem. PMID: 19884379 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Queenan AM, Shang W, Flamm R, Bush K Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Isolation and Characterization of two Members of the Siderophore-microcin Family, Microcins M and H47.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper we provide the first biochemical evidence of the existence of a family of structure-related antimicrobial peptides in Enterobacteriaceae, the siderophore-microcins. We isolated and characterized here two novel siderophore-microcins, MccM and MccH47, previously characterized through genetic studies. MccM and MccH47 were expressed from several Escherichia coli strains containing the microcin gene clusters. Their spectrum of bactericidal activities was found to be restricted to some species of Enterobacteriaceae. MccM and MccH47 were unable to inhibit the growth of strains carrying mutations in the fepA, cir...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vassiliadis G, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Lombard C, Rebuffat S, Peduzzi J Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Molecular Epidemiology of Metallo-{beta}-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa From Norway and Sweden show Import of International Clones and Local Clonal Expansion.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study MBL-producing P. aeruginosa identified in Norway (n=4) and Sweden (n=9) 1999-2007 were characterized. Two international clonal complexes (CC), CC111 (n=8) and CC235 (n=2) previously associated with MBL-producing isolates were dominant. CC111 isolates (ST111/229, serotype O12, blaVIM-2) included clonally related isolates identified in the Skåne County, Sweden (n=6) and two isolates associated with importation from Greece and Denmark. In all CC111 isolates blaVIM-2 was located in In59.2 or in In59-variants. The two CC235 isolates (ST235/ST230, serotype O11, blaVIM-4), were imported from Greece and Cyprus a...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Samuelsen O, Toleman MA, Sundsfjord A, Rydberg J, Leegaard TM, Walder M, Lia A, Ranheim TE, Rajendra Y, Hermansen NO, Walsh TR, Giske CG Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

First Report of Extended Spectrum {beta}-Lactamase producing Salmonella Kentucky isolated from Poultry in Ireland.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the emergence of broad spectrum cephalosporin resistance in S. enterica serovar Kentucky in poultry in Ireland. PMID: 19884382 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Boyle F, Morris D, O'Connor J, Delappe N, Ward J, Cormican M Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

The pharmacokinetic properties of azithromycin in pregnancy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Azithromycin (AZI) is an azalide antibiotic with antimalarial activity that is considered safe in pregnancy. To assess its pharmacokinetic properties when administered as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), two 2 g doses were given 24 h apart to 31 pregnant and 29 age-matched non-pregnant Papua New Guinean women. All subjects also received single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP; 1500mg/75mg) or chloroquine (450 mg base daily for three days). Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 72 h, and on days 4, 5, 7, 10 and 14 for AZI assay by ultra high-performance liquid chromato...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Salman S, Rogerson SJ, Kose K, Griffin S, Gomorai S, Baiwog F, Winmai J, Kandai J, Karunajeewa HA, O'Halloran SJ, Siba P, Ilett KF, Mueller I, Davis TM Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals