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222 records returned

One gram of soil: a microbial biochemical gene library.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
One gram of soil is an immense biochemical gene library producing diverse genetic instructions, which have been present for almost 4 billion years on the Earth. There is sufficient DNA in 1 g of soil to extend 1,598 km. However, this is certainly an underestimate for fertile soils. Can the amount of genetic information contained in one g of soil be accurately estimated? The answer is not always definitive as the estimate depends on the particular g of soil being researched and the methods for DNA extraction, purification and quantification. Moreover, there is no such entity as a typical or average g of soil. Extraction...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Trevors JT Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus from captive-bred seahorses with disease symptoms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Vibrio species isolated from diseased seahorses were characterized by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR) and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus were predominant in the lesions of these seahorses. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these bacterial species have been associated with disease symptoms in captive-bred seahorses. PMID: 19921544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Balcázar JL, Gallo-Bueno A, Planas M, Pintado J Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Bacteria colonizing root nodules of wild legumes exhibit virulence-associated properties of mammalian pathogens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacteria not proficient in nitrogen fixing symbiosis were proven able to invade root nodules of three wild legumes of the genus Hedysarum in Algeria and to be multiplying in these in place of the natural rhizobium symbionts. The involved species featured taxa known as human pathogens including: Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter kobei, Escherichia vulneris, Pantoea agglomerans and Leclercia adecarboxylata. A direct screening of the phenotypic determinants of virulence using human cultured cells tested positive for the traits of cytotoxicity, vital stain exclusion and adhesion to epithelia. Antibiogram analyses revealed...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Muresu R, Maddau G, Delogu G, Cappuccinelli P, Squartini A Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Prevention of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in gnotobiotic mice associated with Bifidobacterium strains.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous reports have shown that Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection is strongly modified by intestinal microbes. In this paper, we examined whether bifidobacteria protect against E. coli O157:H7 infections using gnotobiotic mice di-associated with Bifidobacterium strains (6 species, 9 strains) and E. coli O157:H7. Seven days after oral administration of each Bifidobacterium strain, the mice were orally infected with E. coli O157:H7 and their mortality was examined. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 157F-4-1 (B. infantis 157F) and B. longum subsp. longum NCC2705 (B. longum NS) protected against the lethal infection...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 13, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yoshimura K, Matsui T, Itoh K Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Yeast microbiota associated with spontaneous sourdough fermentations in the production of traditional wheat sourdough breads of the Abruzzo region (Italy).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of this study were to describe the yeast community of 20 sourdoughs collected from central Italy and to characterize the sourdoughs based on chemical properties. A polyphasic approach consisting of traditional culture-based tests (spore-forming and physiological tests) and molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP, RAPD-PCR, PCR-DGGE) and chemical analysis (total acidity, acids, and sugar contents), was utilized to describe the yeast population and to investigate the chemical composition of the doughs. PCR-RFLP analysis identified 85% of the isolates as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the other dominant species being Cand...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Valmorri S, Tofalo R, Settanni L, Corsetti A, Suzzi G Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid affect peptidoglycan metabolism in Listeria monocytogenes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The plant pentacyclic triterpenoids, oleanolic and ursolic acids, inhibit the growth and survival of many bacteria, particularly Gram-positive species, including pathogenic ones. The effect of these compounds on the facultative human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was examined. Both acids affected cell morphology and enhanced autolysis of the bacterial cells. Autolysis of isolated cell walls was inhibited by oleanolic acid, but the inhibitory activity of ursolic acid was less pronounced. Both compounds inhibited peptidoglycan turnover and quantitatively affected the profile of muropeptides obtained after digestion of ...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kurek A, Grudniak AM, Szwed M, Klicka A, Samluk L, Wolska KI, Janiszowska W, Popowska M Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Kribbella based on the gyrB gene: proposal of a gyrB-sequence threshold for species delineation in the genus Kribbella.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study aimed to determine whether the gyrB gene can discriminate between type strains of the genus Kribbella. Previous studies, in the genus Micromonospora, have found that a gyrB-based genetic distance of 0.014 correlates to a DNA relatedness of 70% and that those strains with a genetic distance of greater than 0.014 are likely to be distinct species. In this study, the gyrB-based genetic distances between Kribbella type strains were found to range from 0.0164 to 0.1495, supporting the use of the 0.014 genetic-distance value as the threshold for species delineation within this genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kirby BM, Everest GJ, Meyers PR Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

In vitro antifungal activity of the berberine and its synergism with fluconazole.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Berberine with and without fluconazole was tested by an agar disk diffusion assay in which clinical isolates of Candida albicans were applied onto yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar plate. Berberine, which had no intrinsic antifungal activity at the concentration tested, exerted a powerful antifungal activity in combination of fluzonazole. Combinations of berberine and fluconazole were also tested by the checkerboard assay to determine whether they had favorable or unfavorable antifungal interactions. The MIC of fluconazole was 1.9 mug/ml when the drug was tested alone and decreased to 0.48 mug/ml in the presence of b...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Iwazaki RS, Endo EH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Garcia LB, Filho BP Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Diversity of gut microbiota increases with aging and starvation in the desert locust.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Here we report the effects of starvation and insect age on the diversity of gut microbiota of adult desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic (DGGE) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Sequencing of excised DGGE bands revealed the presence of only one potentially novel uncultured member of the Gammaproteobacteria in the guts of fed, starved, young or old locusts. Most of the 16S rRNA gene sequences were closely related to known cultured bacterial species. DGGE profiles suggested that bacterial diversity increased with insect age and did not provide evidence for a characteris...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 30, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dillon RJ, Webster G, Weightman AJ, Keith Charnley A Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Genetic diversity of phthalic acid esters-degrading bacteria isolated from different geographical regions of China.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Thirty-two strains of phthalic acid ester (PAEs)-degrading bacteria were isolated from thirteen geographically diverse sites by enrichment using mixtures of PAEs as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were from six genera (Arthrobacter, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Delftia). To evaluate the genetic diversity among them, the molecular typing method rep-PCR with primers based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, repetitive extragenic palindromes, and BOXAIR sequences was performed. Strain-specific and unique ge...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Liang R, Wu X, Dai Q, Jin D, Wang Y Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Phosphonate metabolism in Helicobacter pylori.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Helicobacter pylori has been shown to degrade two phosphonates, N-phosphonoacetyl-L: -aspartate and phosphonoacetate; however, the bacterium does not have any genes homologous to those of the known phosphonate metabolism pathways suggesting that H. pylori may have a novel phosphonate metabolism pathway. Growth of H. pylori on phosphonates was studied and the catabolism of these compounds was measured employing (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The specificity of the catabolic enzymes was elucidated by assaying the degradation of several phosphonates and through substrate competition studies. H. pylori was a...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ford JL, Kaakoush NO, Mendz GL Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Native granule associated short chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from a marine derived Bacillus sp. NQ-11/A2.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A rapidly growing marine derived Bacillus sp. strain NQ-11/A2, identified as Bacillus megaterium, accumulated 61% polyhydroxyalkanoate by weight. Diverse carbon sources served as substrates for the accumulation of short chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate. Three to nine granules either single or attached as buds could be isolated intact from each cell. Maximum activity of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase was associated with the granules. Granule-bound polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase had a K(m) of 7.1 x 10(-5) M for DL-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Temperature and pH optima for maximum activity were 30 degrees C and 7.0, respective...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Prabhu NN, Santimano MC, Mavinkurve S, Bhosle SN, Garg S Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Candida neustonensis sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the sea surface microlayer in Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A new ascomycetous yeast species, Candida neustonensis is proposed in this study based on four strains (SN92(T), SN47, SJ22, SJ25) isolated from sea surface microlayer in Taiwan. These four yeast strains were morphologically, physiologically and phylogenetically identical to each other. No sexual reproduction was observed on 5% malt extract agar, corn meal agar, V8 agar, McClary's acetate agar and potato-dextrose agar. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene places C. neustonensis as a member of the Pichia guilliermondii clade, it also reveals that the phylogeneti...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chang CF, Lee CF, Liu SM Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Following phylogenetic tracks of Astragalus cicer microsymbionts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A multilocus phylogenetic approach was applied to elucidate the phylogeny of Astragalus cicer rhizobia derived from Poland, Ukraine, and Canada. The strains selected for the studies represented three main geographically different phenons of these bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with three chromosomal housekeeping loci (16S rRNA, atpD, glnII) and three symbiotic genes located on a plasmid (nodA, nodC, nifH). The "core" and "auxiliary" gene trees revealed that A. cicer nodule isolates were intermingled with the strains of Mesorhizobium species, which implies that they are descendents of the same ancestor a...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wdowiak-Wróbel S, Małek W Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Effect of sulfide on growth physiology and gene expression of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hydrogen sulfide, the metabolic end product of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), is toxic to most life forms. This includes the SRB themselves. Although many of these are probably among the most sulfide resistant life forms, the presence of sulfide nevertheless presents a stress, which SRB must overcome. Although the response of SRB, especially the genus Desulfovibrio, to numerous stressors has been studied, their response to sulfide stress is unknown. We determined the effect of sulfide stress by comparing cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough grown under conditions in which sulfide accumulated (high sulfide, 1...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Caffrey SM, Voordouw G Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

A new beta-glucosidase gene from the zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor miehei.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a beta-glucosidase coding gene (bgl) of the zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor miehei has been cloned and characterized. The gene comprises a total of 2,826 bp including the coding sequence of a 717 amino acids length putative protein and 10 introns dispersed in the whole coding region. The putative N-and C-terminal catalytic domains (aa 68 to aa 274 and aa 358-601, respectively) were identified; the two domains are connected with a 84-amino-acids linker. The catalytic region showed an extensive sequence homology with other fungal beta-glucosidases classified as family 3 glycoside hydrolases. The isolated Rhizomuc...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - October 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Takó M, Tóth A, G Nagy L, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

The identity of Penicillium sp. 1, a major contaminant of the stone chambers in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in Japan, is Penicillium paneum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Penicillium appeared as the major dweller in the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus (TT) and Kitora Tumulus (KT) stone chambers, both located in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, in relation to the biodeterioration of the 1,300-year-old mural paintings, plaster walls and ceilings. Of 662 Penicillium isolates from 373 samples of the TT (sampling period, May 2004-2007) and the KT (sampling period, June 2004-Sep 2007), 181 were phenotypically assigned as Penicillium sp. 1 which shared similar phenotypic characteristics of sect. Roqueforti in Penicillium subg. Penicillium. Fifteen representative isolates of Penicillium sp. 1, 13 f...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 25, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: An KD, Kiyuna T, Kigawa R, Sano C, Miura S, Sugiyama J Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Evaluating amplified rDNA restriction analysis assay for identification of bacterial communities.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism were originally used for strain typing and for screening clone libraries to identify phylogenetic clusters within a microbial community. Here we used ARDRA as a model to examine the capacity of restriction-based techniques for clone identification, and the possibility of deriving phylogenetic information from ARDRA-based dendrograms. ARDRA was performed in silico on 48,759 sequences from the Ribosomal Database Project, and it was found that the fragmentation profiles were not necessarily unique for each sequence in the dat...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sklarz MY, Angel R, Gillor O, Soares MI Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from sea water.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 079157(T), was isolated from surface seawater off the coastline of Naozhou Island in South China Sea. The organism was able to grow with 1-15% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 4-7%), and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 10-45 degrees C (optimum, 30 degrees C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, and the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) (45...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Peng QZ, Chen J, Zhang YQ, Chen QH, Peng DJ, Cui XL, Li WJ, Chen YG Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Survival mechanisms and culturability of Campylobacter jejuni under stress conditions.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Culture-based isolation and enumeration of bacterial human pathogens from environmental and human food samples has significant limitations. Many pathogens enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in response to stress, and cannot be detected via culturing methods. Favourable growth conditions with a source of energy and an ideal stoichiometric ratio of carbon to inorganic elements can reverse this VBNC state. This review will focus on the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni which is a leading cause of food borne illness in the developed world. C. jejuni can enter a VBNC state in response to extremes in: pH, moisture c...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 22, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jackson DN, Davis B, Tirado SM, Duggal M, van Frankenhuyzen JK, Deaville D, Wijesinghe MA, Tessaro M, Trevors JT Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Extracting nucleic acids from activated sludge which reflect community population diversity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compares eight published RNA and DNA extraction protocols and one commercially available DNA isolation kit for their capacity to provide high quality nucleic acids that reflect the community composition. Each method was assessed on the basis of nucleic acid yield, purity and integrity, and the ability to provide PCR amplifiable RNA and DNA from known marker populations that varied in their resistance to nucleic acid extraction. Only three consistently provided DNA from each of the marker populations known to be present in the samples from fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. The failure of the other meth...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 18, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: McIlroy SJ, Porter K, Seviour RJ, Tillett D Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Cryptococcus cerealis sp. nov. a psychrophilic yeast species isolated from fermented cereals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two yeast strains isolated in 2007 from fermented pig feed were studied, including the analysis of sequences of the D1/D2 and ITS-regions of the rDNA-repeats, their morphology and nutritional physiology. Sequence comparison of the D1/D2 and ITS regions demonstrated that the strains do not belong to any known species. Therefore, a new species, Cryptococcus cerealis with the type strain CBS 10505, is proposed. The species belongs to Filobasidiales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota), and has Cryptococcus saitoi as the closest related species. The new species is psychrophilic, showing significant growth at 4 and 10 degrees C....
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Passoth V, Andersson AC, Olstorpe M, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Schnürer J Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Phenotypic and molecular identification of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans isolated from Antarctic snow.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report for the first time the isolation of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans from Antarctic snow. This strain demonstrated physiological traits that were markedly different from that of the mesophilic C. cellulans type strain DSM 43879(T). The dominant cell wall sugars in C. cellulans were glucose, galactose and mannitol whereas rhamnose was the only major sugar in the type strain. Cellular fatty acid patterns were dominated by 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-C(15:0)), hexadecanoic acid (C(16:0)) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (ai-C(17:0)) but lacked iso fatty acids unlike the type strain. The ability of C. cellulans to surv...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Antony R, Krishnan KP, Thomas S, Abraham WP, Thamban M Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Lactobacillus collinoides JCM1123(T): effects on mouse plasma cholesterol and isoflavonoids in the caecum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of Lactobacillus collinoides JCM1123(T) on plasma cholesterol levels, isoflavonoids in the caecum and faecal flora were assessed in adult mice. L. collinoides JCM1123(T) altered the equol production status in in vitro incubation of daidzein with faecal flora of mice. In in vivo investigation, mice were fed an AIN-93M purified diet for 13 days, and then randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each. All mice were fed an AIN-93M diet for 6 days; then the diet was replaced with a 0.05% daidzein diet, the mice received a 0.05% daidzein diet for 4 days. Two groups of mice were administered either L. col...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tamura M, Hori S, Nakagawa H Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Determination of genetic diversity among Indian isolates of Rhizoctonia bataticola causing dry root rot of chickpea.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Genetic diversity among 27 isolates (23 from chickpea and 4 from other host crops) of Rhizoctonia bataticola representing 11 different states of India was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), internal transcribed spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) and ITS sequencing. The isolates showed variability in virulence test. Unweighted paired group method with arithmetic average cluster analysis was used to group the isolates into distinct clusters. The clusters generated by RAPD grouped all the isolates into six categories at 40% genetic similarity. High level of diversity was observe...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Aghakhani M, Dubey SC Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel alpha-glucosidase from Aspergillus niveus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An extracellular alpha-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niveus was purified using DEAE-Fractogel ion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band in 5% PAGE and 10% SDS-PAGE. The enzyme presented 29% of glycosylation, an isoelectric point of 6.8 and a molecular weight of 56 and 52 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and Bio-Sil-Sec-400 gel filtration column, respectively. The enzyme showed typical alpha-glucosidase activity, hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl alpha-D: -glucopyranoside and presented an optimum temperature and pH of 65 degrees C and 6.0, respectively. In t...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - September 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: da Silva TM, Michelin M, de Lima Damásio AR, Maller A, Almeida FB, Ruller R, Ward RJ, Rosa JC, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli M Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Pigment profiles and bacterial communities from Thailand thermal mats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Differently colored layers of freshwater hot spring mats at Boekleung (Western Thailand) were studied. Temperatures ranged from over 50 up to 57 degrees C. Two mats were characterized: a laminated mat with a green and a red layers, and a monolayer, greenish-yellow mat. Bacterial communities in green, red, and yellow layers were investigated using molecular, culturing and pigment analysis methods. Pigment profiles covered a wide spectrum from chlorophylls to carotenoids. A green mat layer showed higher relative content of chlorophyll than yellow and red layers which presented higher proportion of carotenoids. Cyanobacte...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - August 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Portillo MC, Sririn V, Kanoksilapatham W, Gonzalez JM Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Insights into the molecular basis of the microaerophily of three Campylobacterales: a comparative study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is a common environmental factor which can also be a source of stress for microorganisms. Comparative analyses of the responses of the epsilon-Proteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Wolinella succinogenes to elevated oxygen concentrations were carried out using transcriptomics. Microarray data were analysed to determine genes differentially expressed under elevated oxygen concentrations. The results indicated 158, 58 and 82 genes were upregulated and 46, 40 and 65 were downregulated in C. jejuni, H. pylori and W. succinogenes, respectively. The gene en...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - August 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kaakoush NO, Baar C, Mackichan J, Schmidt P, Fox EM, Schuster SC, Mendz GL Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Description of Tessaracoccus profundi sp.nov., a deep-subsurface actinobacterium isolated from a Chesapeake impact crater drill core (940 m depth).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel actinobacterium, designated CB31(T), was isolated from a 940 m depth sample of a drilling core obtained from the Chesapeake meteor impact crater. The strain was isolated aerobically on R2A medium agar plates supplemented with NaCl (20 g l(-1)) and MgCl(2).6H(2)O (3 g l(-1)). The colonies were circular, convex, smooth and orange. Cells were slightly curved, rod-shaped in young cultures and often appeared in pairs. In older cultures cells were coccoid. Cells stained Gram-positive, were non-motile and did not form endospores. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was LL: -diaminopimelic acid. The polar ...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - August 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Finster KW, Cockell CS, Voytek MA, Gronstal AL, Kjeldsen KU Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Cell yields and fermentation responses of a Salmonella Typhimurium poultry isolate at different dilution rates in an anaerobic steady state continuous culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objectives of these studies were to determine cell yield and fermentation responses of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium poultry isolate using various dilution rates in steady state continuous culture incubations. S. enterica Typhimurium cells were propagated in continuous cultures with a total volume of 0.50 l of Luria Bertani medium containing 0.1% glucose. Dilution rates from 0.0125 to 1.44/h were used. Cell protein concentration generally increased linearly with increased dilution rate up to a rate of 0.54/h and declined at the higher dilution rates. Glucose consumption gave a similar pattern to cell protei...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - August 4, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dunkley KD, Callaway TR, O'Bryan C, Kundinger MM, Dunkley CS, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ, Crandall PG, Ricke SC Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Intracellular distribution of fatty alcohol oxidase activity in Mucor circinelloides YR-1 isolated from petroleum contaminated soils.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports on the intracellular distribution of FAO activity and the purification of sFAOs and mFAO after several different procedures for release from the membranous fraction using the mixed membrane fraction (MMF) after cellular homogenization as enzymatic source. Results with the purified mFAO show, by molecular weight criteria, that the enzyme has only one type of subunit with molecular mass of 46 kDa, with two isoelectric point components: 6.0 and 6.3. We found that mFAO is strongly associated to the MMF, possibly in a transitory fashion. Using non-denaturating gels, we suggest that sFAO and mFAO have the same...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Silva-Jiménez H, Zazueta-Novoa V, Durón-Castellanos A, Rodríguez-Robelo C, Leal-Morales CA, Zazueta-Sandoval R Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Kefiran protects Caco-2 cells from cytopathic effects induced by Bacillus cereus infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of kefiran to antagonize cytopathic effects triggered by Bacillus cereus strain B10502 on cultured human enterocytes (Caco-2 cells). Cell damage was evaluated by F-actin labelling, scanning electron microscopy and determination of ratios of necrotic and detached cells. To assess the interaction between kefiran and bacteria or eukaryotic cells, flow cytometric analysis was conducted with FITC-labelled kefiran. Kefiran significantly protected infected cells from cytopathic effects induced by B. cereus such as cell necrosis, F-actin disorganisation and microvilli effacement...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 24, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Medrano M, Hamet MF, Abraham AG, Pérez PF Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Halobacillus hunanensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a subterranean brine.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 071077(T), was isolated from a subterranean brine sample collected from a salt mine in Hunan Province, China. Cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella and formed ellipsoidal endospores lying in subterminal swollen sporangia. Strain JSM 071077(T) was able to grow with 2-25% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10%), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and 10-40 degrees C (optimum, 25-30 degrees C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone wa...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Peng QZ, Peng QJ, Zhang YQ, Liu ZX, Wang YX, Li WJ, Cui XL, Chen YG Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Steady state growth space study of Lactococcus lactis in D-stat cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Growth space of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 was studied at constant growth rate using D-stat cultivation technique. Starting from steady state conditions in a chemostat culture (mu = 0.2 h(-1)), the pH and/or temperature were continuously changed in the range of 5.4-6.4 and 26-34 degrees C, respectively, followed by the return to the initial environmental conditions. Based on substrate consumption and product formation yields and expression changes of 1,920 genes, it was shown that changes of physiological state were not dependent on the direction of movement (from pH 6.3 to 5.4 or from 5.4 to 6.3), showing...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 14, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lahtvee PJ, Valgepea K, Nahku R, Abner K, Adamberg K, Vilu R Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Multiple copies of rosR and pssA genes enhance exopolysaccharide production, symbiotic competitiveness and clover nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in determining symbiotic competence. The pssA gene encoding the first glucosyl-IP-transferase and rosR encoding a positive transcriptional regulator are key genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of EPS production. Mutation in pssA resulted in deficiency in EPS production and rosR mutation substantially decreased the amount of EPS. Both mutants induced nodules but the bacteria were unable to fix nitrogen. Defective functions of pssA and rosR mutants were fully restored by wild type copies of the respective genes. Introductio...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 8, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Janczarek M, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Skorupska A Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Dietary phytochemicals as rumen modifiers: a review of the effects on microbial populations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the recent years, the exploration of bioactive phytochemicals as natural feed additives has been of great interest among nutritionists and rumen microbiologists to modify the rumen fermentation favorably such as defaunation, inhibition of methanogenesis, improvement in protein metabolism, and increasing conjugated linoleic acid content in ruminant derived foods. Many phytochemicals such as saponins, essential oils, tannins and flavonoids from a wide range of plants have been identified, which have potential values for rumen manipulation and enhancing animal productivity as alternatives to chemical feed additives. Ho...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patra AK, Saxena J Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

From industrial sites to environmental applications with Cupriavidus metallidurans.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and related strains are adapted to metal contaminated environments. A strong resistance to environmental stressors and adaptation make it ideal strains for survival in decreasing biodiversity conditions and for bioaugmentation purposes in environmental applications. The soil bacterium C. metallidurans is able to grow chemolithoautotrophically on hydrogen and carbon dioxide allowing a strong resilience under conditions lacking organic matter. The biofilm growth on soil particles allows coping with starvation or bad conditions of pH, temperature and pollutants. Its genomic capacity of two m...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Diels L, Van Roy S, Taghavi S, Van Houdt R Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

The response of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to spaceflight in the international space station.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The survival and behavior of Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 were tested in space. In three spaceflight experiments, during three separate visits to the 'International Space Station' (ISS), strain CH34 was grown for 10-12 days at ambient temperature on mineral agar medium. Space- and earth-grown cells were compared post-flight by flow cytometry and using 2D-gel protein analysis. Pre-, in- and post-flight incubation conditions and experiment design had a significant impact on the survival and growth of CH34 in space. In the CH34 cells returning from spaceflight, 16 proteins were identified which were present in hi...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - July 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Leys N, Baatout S, Rosier C, Dams A, S'heeren C, Wattiez R, Mergeay M Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Hydrocarbon degradation by Dietzia sp. A14101 isolated from an oil reservoir model column.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The hydrocarbon-degrading strain Dietzia sp. A14101 was isolated from an oil reservoir model column inoculated with oil-field bacteria. The column was continuously injected with nitrate (0.5 mM) from the start of water flooding, which lead to a gradual development of nitrate reduction in the column. Strain A14101 was able to utilize a range of aliphatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source during aerobic growth. Whole oil gas chromatography analysis of the crude oil phase from aerobic pure cultures showed that strain A14101 utilized the near complete range of aliphatic components and aromatic components toluen...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bødtker G, Hvidsten IV, Barth T, Torsvik T Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Virulotyping of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry meat in Malaysia using multiplex-PCR.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is aimed to detect the prevalence of twenty different virulence factors among Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry and local indigenous vegetables in Malaysia via an optimized, rapid and specific multiplex PCR assay. The assay encompasses a total of 19 Salmonella pathogenicity islands genes and a quorum sensing gene (sdiA) in three multiplex reaction sets. A total of 114 Salmonella enterica isolates belonging to 38 different serovars were tested. Each isolate in under this study was found to possess up to 70% of the virulence genes tested and exhibited variable pathogenicity gene patterns. Reproduci...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Khoo CH, Cheah YK, Lee LH, Sim JH, Salleh NA, Sidik SM, Radu S, Sukardi S Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Introduction to a special Festschrift issue celebrating the microbiology of Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19551487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 23, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Silver S, Mergeay M Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Effect of ozone on spore germination, spore production and biomass production in two Aspergillus species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study two model aspergilli, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus ochraceus were used to study the effects of ozone on spore germination, sporulation and biomass production. These effects were examined under three levels of ozone; two high level ozone exposures (200 and 300 mumol mol(-1)) and one low level exposure (0.2 mumol mol(-1)). The two species behaved noticeably different to each other. Ozone was more effective in reducing growth from spore inocula than mycelia. No spore production could be detected in A. nidulans exposed to continuous low level O(3), whereas the same treatment reduced spores produced in A. ...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Antony-Babu S, Singleton I Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Experimental discrimination and molecular characterization of the extracellular soil DNA fraction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We experimentally discriminated and quali-quantitatively characterized the extracellular fraction of a forest soil DNA pool. We sequentially extracted and classified the components of extracellular DNA by its strength of interaction with soil colloids as: (1) extractable in water, free in the extracellular soil environment or adsorbed on soil colloids; and as (2) extractable in alkaline buffer after previous extraction in water, bound on soil colloids. The comparative molecular analysis (fluorometer, gel electrophoresis, genetic fingerprinting) of directly and sequentially extracted extracellular DNA revealed quantitat...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 16, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ceccherini MT, Ascher J, Agnelli A, Borgogni F, Pantani OL, Pietramellara G Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Characterisation of culture-independent and -dependent microbial communities in a high-temperature offshore chalk petroleum reservoir.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Recent studies have indicated that oil reservoirs harbour diverse microbial communities. Culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were used to evaluate the microbial diversity in produced water samples of the Ekofisk oil field, a high temperature, and fractured chalk reservoir in the North Sea. DGGE analyses of 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to assess the microbial diversity of both archaeal and bacterial communities in produced water samples and enrichment cultures from 4 different wells (B-08, X-08, X-18 and X-25). Low diversity communities were found when 16S rDNA libraries of bacterial and archaeal asse...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 15, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kaster KM, Bonaunet K, Berland H, Kjeilen-Eilertsen G, Brakstad OG Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Detection of hemolytic bacteria from Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Zoantharia) using a novel palytoxin-screening assay.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Palytoxin (PTX), one of the most potent and chemically complex marine toxins, is predominantly found in zoanthid corals and sporadically in dinoflagellates. Its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways are largely unknown. However, the widespread occurrence of the toxin in phylogenetically distinct marine organisms is consistent with its production by microorganisms and subsequent accumulation in the food chain. To investigate a possible microbial origin, bacteria from two zoanthid corals (Palythoa caribaeorum, Zoanthus pulchellus) and one sponge (Neofibularia nolitangere) were isolated. More than 250 bacteria were screened...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 6, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Seemann P, Gernert C, Schmitt S, Mebs D, Hentschel U Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Molecular diversity and transferability of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M), carried on Tn916-1545 family transposons, in enterococci from a total food chain.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study, 20 enterococci belonging to the species Enterococcus faecalis (12 strains), Enterococcus faecium (4), Enterococcus durans (2), Enterococcus hirae (1) and Enterococcus mundtii (1) and originating from a total production chain of swine meat commodities were analysed to investigate the diversity of their tetracycline resistance gene tet(M). PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis showed that the tet(M) gene of most strains can be correlated with the Tn916 transposon. Conversely, tet(M) of six E. faecalis and the E. hirae strain, all isolated from pig faecal samples, may be associated with previously undescrib...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rizzotti L, La Gioia F, Dellaglio F, Torriani S Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Arthrobacter halodurans sp. nov., a new halotolerant bacterium isolated from sea water.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel Gram-positive, halotolerant, non-sporulating, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 078085(T), was isolated from sea water collected from the South China Sea. Strain JSM 078085(T) exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment. The strain was able to grow in the presence of 0-12% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-9.5 and 4-35 degrees C; optimum growth was observed at pH 7.0 and 25-30 degrees C in the absence of NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4alpha (L: -Lys-L: -Ala-L: -Glu). Cell-wall sugars contained galactose and glucose. Strain JSM 078085(T)...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chen YG, Tang SK, Zhang YQ, Li ZY, Yi LB, Wang YX, Li WJ, Cui XL Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Hyperproduction of chitinase influences crystal toxin synthesis and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73 was transformed with the endochitinase gene chiA74 under the control of a strong promoter (pcytA) and a 5' mRNA stabilizing (STAB-SD) sequence (HD-73-pEBchiA74). Expression levels were compared with those observed from the wild type strain (HD-73) and the recombinant HD-73 strain expressing chiA74 under the control of its native promoter (HD-73-pEHchiA74). The chitinolytic activity of HD-73-pEBchiA74 was markedly elevated, being ~58- and 362-fold higher than, respectively, HD-73-pEHchiA74 and parental HD-73, representing the highest levels of chitinase expression in recombinant B. thuringie...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Barboza-Corona JE, Ortiz-Rodríguez T, de la Fuente-Salcido N, Bideshi DK, Ibarra JE, Salcedo-Hernández R Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

A novel antibiotic produced by Streptomyces noursei Da07210.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel antibiotic 210-A, named as (6S,8aS,9S,11S,12aR)-6-hydroxy-9,10-dimethyldecahydrobenzo[d]azecine-2,4,12(3H)-trione, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces noursei Da07210, its structure was unambiguously established by spectral analyses and chemical comparison with related cycloheximide. Experiments demonstrated that 210-A bore strong activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race four (Foc race four), which also showed antitumor activity against SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells and S180 murine sarcoma, and the IC(50) values were 0.77 and 0.74 microg/ml, respectively. PMID: 19...
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wu X, Huang H, Chen G, Sun Q, Peng J, Zhu J, Bao S Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals

Influence of Lactobacillus fermentum I5007 on the intestinal and systemic immune responses of healthy and E. coli challenged piglets.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, L. fermentum I5007 can enhance T cell differentiation and induce ileum cytokine expression suggesting that this probiotic strain could modulate immune function in piglets. PMID: 19347600 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)
Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - June 1, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wang A, Yu H, Gao X, Li X, Qiao S Tags: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Source Type: journals