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Serum deprivation-induced reactive oxygen species production is mediated by Romo1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Serum deprivation-triggered increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to induce apoptotic cell death. However, the mechanism by which serum deprivation causes ROS production is not known. Since mitochondria are the main source of ROS and since mitochondrial ROS modulator 1 (Romo1) is involved in ROS production, we sought to determine if serum deprivation triggered ROS production through Romo1. To examine the relationship between Romo1 and the serum deprivation-triggered increase in ROS, we transfected Romo1 siRNA into various cell lines and looked for inhibition of mitochondrial ROS gener...
Source: Apoptosis - November 10, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Inhibition of peptidyl–prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro effect of lentivirus-mediated siPin1 on cell cycle and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Further we sought to provide insight into the mechanisms behind these processes. Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) were transfected with lentiviral siPin1. Real-time RT–PCR and Western blotting were used to examine Pin1 mRNA and protein expression. MTT and [3H]thymidine incorporation assays were employed to observe cell proliferation status. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle were analyzed by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry. Final...
Source: Apoptosis - November 10, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Inhibitory role of cAMP on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in pre-B ALL cells through dephosphorylation of p53 serine residuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of cAMP-signaling system may repress p53-dependent apoptosis in malignant cells exposed to doxorubicin. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0417-8Authors Majid Safa, Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine P.O. Box # 14155-6183 Tehran IranAhmad Kazemi, Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine P.O. Box # 14155-6183 Tehran IranHamid Zand, Shahid Beheshti University M. C. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Nutrition and Food ...
Source: Apoptosis - November 2, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Histone H1 subtype preferences of DFF40 and possible nuclear localization of DFF40/45 in normal and trichostatin A-treated NB4 leukemic cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract A major hallmark of the terminal stages of apoptosis is the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The endonuclease responsible for this type of DNA degradation is the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). DFF is a complex of the endonuclease DFF40 and its chaperone/inhibitor, DFF45. In vitro work has shown that histone H1 and HMGB1/2 recruit/target DFF40 to the internucleosomal linker regions of chromatin and that histone H1 directly interacts with DFF40 conferring DNA binding ability and enhancing its nuclease activity. The histone H1 family is comprised of many subtypes, which recent work has shown may ha...
Source: Apoptosis - November 2, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Reactive oxygen species mediate thymoquinone-induced apoptosis and activate ERK and JNK signalingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Thymoquinone (TQ), a component of black seed essential oil, is known to induce apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress, however, the direct involvement of oxidants in TQ-induced cell death has not been established yet. Here, we show that TQ inhibited the proliferation of a panel of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2, HCT-116, LoVo, DLD-1 and HT-29), without exhibiting cytotoxicity to normal human intestinal FHs74Int cells. Further investigation in DLD-1 revealed that apoptotic cell death is the mechanism for TQ-induced growth inhibition as confirmed by flow cytometry, M30 cytodeath and caspase-3/7 a...
Source: Apoptosis - November 2, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Apoptosis: focus on sea urchin developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract It has been proposed that the apoptosis is an essential requirement for the evolution of all animals, in fact the apoptotic program is highly conserved from nematodes to mammals. Throughout development, apoptosis is employed by multicellular organisms to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells. Here, we will discuss both developmental programmed cell death (PCD) under normal conditions and stress induced apoptosis, in sea urchin embryos. Sea urchin represent an excellent model system for studying embryogenesis and cellular processes involved in metamorphosis. PCD plays an essential role in sculpting ...
Source: Apoptosis - October 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Apoptosis in diabetesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Diabetes and ApoptosisDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0419-6Authors Paul A. J. Krijnen, VU Medical Center Department of Pathology De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam The NetherlandsSuat Simsek, VU Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam The NetherlandsHans W. M. Niessen, VU Medical Center Department of Pathology De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands Journal ApoptosisOnline ISSN 1573-675XPrint ISSN 1360-8185 (Source: Apoptosis)
Source: Apoptosis - October 24, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B transcription activity drives a synergistic effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and cisplatin for treatment of renal cell carcinomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the synergistic effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB inhibitor, and cisplatin, on two human metastatic RCC cell lines ACHN and SN12K1. Individual non-toxic concentrations of PDTC and cisplatin, when combined, synergistically induced a significant increase in apoptosis of the two RCC cell lines. In ACHN cells, the groups with nuclear translocation of NF-κB showed resistance to apoptosis, but in SN12K1 cells, the groups with NF-κB translocation were susceptible to apoptosis. The combination treatment significantly decreased the transcription activity of all NF-κB subunits i...
Source: Apoptosis - October 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Involvement of tyrosine phosphatase CD45 in apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract CD45 is a transmembrane molecule with phosphatase activity expressed in all nucleated haematopoietic cells and plays a major role in immune cells. It is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is essential for antigen-receptor-mediated signal transduction by regulating Src family members that initiate TCR signaling. CD45 is being attributed a new emerging role as an apoptosis regulator. Cross-linking of the extracellular portion of the CD45 by monoclonal antibodies and by galectin-1, can induce apoptosis in T and B cells. Interestingly, this phosphatase has also been involved in nuclear apoptosis induce...
Source: Apoptosis - October 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Cytochrome c-induced lymphocyte death from the outside in: inhibition by serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Previously we reported that serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG) binds cytochrome c (Cyt c; Cummings et al., Apoptosis 11:1121–1129, 2009). Here we show that LRG binding to Cyt c is similar to that of Apaf-1. LRG and Apaf-1 share partial amino acid sequences, compete for binding Cyt c, and are inhibited by modification at lysine 72 in Cyt c. However, in contrast to Apaf-1, LRG acts as a survival factor in vitro rather than a pro-apoptotic factor. By depleting LRG from culture medium we found that LRG protects against a toxic effect of exogenous Cyt c on lymphocytes that would otherwise res...
Source: Apoptosis - October 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Inhibiting TNF-mediated signaling: a novel therapeutic paradigm for androgen independent prostate cancerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor super family comprises of members that induce two distinct signaling cascades, leading to either cell survival or apoptosis. However, in prostate cancer (PCa), TNF-mediated prosurvival signaling is the predominant pathway that leads to cell survival and resistance to therapy. Although inhibition of TNF signaling by pharmacological agents or monoclonal antibodies has gained importance in the field of cancer therapy, toxicity to normal cells has impaired their extensive use for cancer treatment. We previously identified a natural, nontoxic compound psoralidin t...
Source: Apoptosis - October 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Mouse 3T3-L1 cells acquire resistance against oxidative stress as the adipocytes differentiate via the transcription factor FoxOEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Repression of excessive increase and enlargement of adipocytes that is closely associated with obesity is effective in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Generally, apoptosis is induced in cells via a wide variety of intracellular or extracellular substances, and recently, it has been suggested that the FoxO subfamily is involved in the induction of apoptosis. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of FoxO-mediated apoptosis-induction in the adipocytes under the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulus. The treatment of differentiated and undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells with glucose oxidas...
Source: Apoptosis - October 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

The Bax carboxy-terminal hydrophobic helix does not determine organelle-specific targeting but is essential for maintaining Bax in an inactive state and for stable mitochondrial membrane insertionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Here we address the function of the hydrophobic carboxy-terminal tail of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. The tail is tucked into a hydrophobic pocket within the closed/inactive conformation of Bax. Apoptotic stimulation changes the Bax conformation, exposing a mitochondrial-targeting signal. We confirmed that the Bax tail alone can specifically target and anchor a passenger protein to the mitochondria. Surprisingly, we determined that the Bax tail does not play the primary targeting role in Bax mitochondrial translocation. Mutating the Bax tail to produce an ER-targeting signal had no effect on Bax m...
Source: Apoptosis - October 7, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

LFG: a candidate apoptosis regulatory gene familyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The expanding wealth of human, model and other organism’s genomic data has allowed the identification of a distinct gene family of apoptotic related genes. Most of these genes are currently unannotated or have been subsumed under two questionably related gene families in the past. For example the transmembrane Bax inhibitor 1 (BI1) motif family has been reported to play a role in apoptosis and to consist of at least seven mammalian protein genes, GRINA, BI1, Lfg/FAIM2, Ghitm, RESC1/Tmbim1, GAAP/Tmbim4, and Tmbm1b. However, a detailed sequence and phylogenetic analysis shows that only five of these ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Effects of upregulated expression of microRNA-16 on biological properties of culture-activated hepatic stellate cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, The miRNA RNAi technique was used to analyze the effects of miR-16 on biological properties of HSCs in vitro. The lentiviral vector encoding miR-16 was constructed and transfected. Furthermore, the expression level of miR-16 was measured by real-time PCR. Cellular growth and proliferation capacity were assayed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The apoptosis rate and cell-cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. Cell morphological characteristics were identified by phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms related to the changes ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Death of ouabain-treated renal epithelial cells: evidence for p38 MAPK-mediated Na i+ /K i+ -independent signalingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the death of ouabain-treated REC. Exposure of C7-MDCK cells that resembled principal cells from canine kidney to 3 μM ouabain led to phosphorylation of p38 without significant impact on phosphorylation of ERK and JNK MAPK. Maximal increment of p38 phosphorylation was observed at 4 h followed by cell death at 12 h of ouabain addition. In contrast to ouabain, neither cell death nor p38 MAPK phosphorylation were affected by elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio triggered by Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition in K+-free medium. p38 phosphorylat...
Source: Apoptosis - September 29, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

The orf virus inhibitor of apoptosis functions in a Bcl-2-like manner, binding and neutralizing a set of BH3-only proteins and active BaxEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract We have previously shown that the Orf virus protein, ORFV125, is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and displays rudimentary sequence similarities to cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Here we investigate the proposal that ORFV125 acts in a Bcl-2-like manner to inhibit apoptosis. We show that the viral protein interacted with a range of BH3-only proteins (Bik, Puma, DP5, Noxa and all 3 isoforms of Bim) and neutralized their pro-apoptotic activity. In addition, ORFV125 bound to the active, but not the inactive, form of Bax, and reduced the formation of Bax dimers. Mutat...
Source: Apoptosis - September 24, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Differential modulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS system during HIV-1 induced T-cell apoptosis: up regulation of Complex-IV subunit COX-II and its possible implicationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection leads to CD4+ T cell depletion primarily by apoptosis employing both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Although extensive literature exists about the role of mitochondrial proteins in HIV induced T cell apoptosis, there is little understanding about the role of different components of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in apoptosis. The OXPHOS system comprises of five enzyme complexes (Complex I, II, III, IV, V), subunits of which have been implicated in various functions in addition to their primary role in energy generating proc...
Source: Apoptosis - September 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates γ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in mammary tumor cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract γ-Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family of compounds, induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. However, previous studies have clearly demonstrated that γ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in neoplastic mouse +SA mammary epithelial cells is not mediated through mitochondrial stress or death receptor apoptotic signaling. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mediating γ-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in +SA mammary tumor cells. Treatment with 15–40 μM γ-tocotrienol induced +SA cell death in a dose-responsive manner, a...
Source: Apoptosis - September 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Multiple alphaII-spectrin breakdown products distinguish calpain and caspase dominated necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, three chemical agents, maitotoxin (MTX), staurosporine (STS) and thylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were used to induce different types of cell death in PC12 neuronal-like cells. MTX-induced necrosis, as determined by the increased levels of calpain-specific cleaved fragments of spectrin by antibodies specific to the calpain-cleaved 150 kDa αII-spectrin breakdown product (SBDP150) and 145 kDa αII-spectrin breakdown product (SBDP145). In this paradigm, there were no detectable SBDP150i and SBDP120 fragments as determined by antibodies specific to the caspase-cleaved specific fragments sim...
Source: Apoptosis - September 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

The coffee diterpene kahweol induces apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation and activation of JNKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Kahweol, the coffee-specific diterpene, has been reported for its tumor cell growth inhibitory activity and anti-carcinogenic activity. The mechanism by which kahweol initiates apoptosis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of kahweol on the apoptotic pathway in U937 human promonocytic cells. We show that kahweol induces apoptosis in association with the activation of caspase 3 and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, as well as down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and XIAP). Kahweol altered the phosphorylation ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in intermedin1–53 protection against myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, IMD1–53 exerts cardioprotective effect against myocardial I/R injury through the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-mediated myocardial apoptosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0398-7Authors Jun-Qiu Song, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 Beijing ChinaXu Teng, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 Beijing ChinaYan Cai, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 B...
Source: Apoptosis - September 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Serum deprivation induced autophagy and predominantly an AIF-dependent apoptosis in hippocampal HT22 neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Neuronal death induced by serum deprivation (SD) in HT22-cells was accompanied by a moderate activation of caspase-3, a prominent upregulation of AIF and its translocation into the nucleus. In addition protein levels of autophagy markers such as LC3 and beclin-1 were affected by SD. The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was significantly increased in serum deprived cultures. Furthermore, the addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD(OMe)-FMK (zVAD) does not protect HT22-cells from SD-induced neurodegeneration. However, addition of the autophagy inhibitors such as 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or bafilomycin A1 (BafA...
Source: Apoptosis - September 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Conjugation of doxorubicin to cell penetrating peptides sensitizes human breast MDA-MB 231 cancer cells to endogenous TRAIL-induced apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we demonstrate that both Dox and Dox–CPPs can increase the density of the TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5 at the plasma membrane and moderately sensitize MDA-MB 231 cells to exogeneously added recombinant TRAIL, as has already been shown for other chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, we show that Dox–CPPs, used alone, induce the clustering of TRAIL receptors into ceramide-enriched membrane lipid rafts, a property not shared by unconjugated Dox and that this process is due to the generation of ceramide during Dox–CPPs treatment. In addition, MDA-MB 231 cells were found to express TRAIL and we show that th...
Source: Apoptosis - September 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Up-regulation of GADD45α expression by NSAIDs leads to apoptotic and necrotic colon cancer cell deathsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we report that indomethacin and sulindac sulfide treatments up-regulate GADD45α mRNA expression and protein levels in colon cancer HT-29, RKO and Caco-2 cells. This up-regulation of GADD45α is accompanied by necrotic cell death and apoptosis. Anti-sense suppression of GADD45α expression inhibited indomethacin and sulindac sulfide-induced necrotic cell death and apoptosis. These findings confirm a role for GADD45α in NSAID-induced cytotoxicity, a mechanism for the anti-neoplastic effect of NSAIDs in colon tumorigenesis and cancer growth. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.100...
Source: Apoptosis - September 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the development of diabetes: is there a role for adipose tissue and liver?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. Several different mechanisms have been implicated in the development of the disease, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress is increasingly acknowledged as an important mechanism in the development of DM, not only for β-cell loss but also for insulin resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress-induced apoptosis may be an important mode of β-cell loss and therefore important in the development of diabetes. Recent data also suggest a role of ER stress-induced apoptosis ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 15, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha participates in apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in apoptosis observed in the myocardium and limbic system after myocardial ischemia. PEG sTNFRI, a recombinant, human, soluble p55 Type 1 TNF receptor (3 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered s.c. to male Sprague-Dawley rats on days 5, 3 and 1 before myocardial ischemia. The animals were then subjected, under anesthesia, to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 40 min, followed by 15-min or 72-h reperfusion. Caspase-3 and -8 activities as well as terminal dUTP nick-end labelling-positive cells were exam...
Source: Apoptosis - September 3, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Oligomerization of membrane-bound Bcl-2 is involved in its pore formation induced by tBidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Both pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 are structurally homologous to the pore-forming domain of bacterial toxins. Bax proteins oligomerize in the mitochondrial outer membranes forming pores that release cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Bcl-2 proteins also form pores that, however, are much smaller than the Bax pore. It is unknown whether Bcl-2 forms monomeric or oligomeric pores. Here, we characterized the Bcl-2 pore formation in liposomes using biophysical and biochemical techniques. The results show that the Bcl-2 pore enlarges as the concentration of Bcl-2 increa...
Source: Apoptosis - August 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

A 60-s postconditioning protocol by percutaneous coronary intervention inhibits myocardial apoptosis in patients with acute myocardial infarctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Different postconditioning (Postcon) methods have been demonstrated to protect heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. The relationship between Postcon by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and apoptosis is not clear. Our objective was to test whether Postcon by PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) reduces myocardial apoptosis. Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups before stenting. The Routine group (n = 26) received no Postcon intervention prior to the onset of reperfusion; Postcon-30s (n = 25) and Postcon-60s groups (n =...
Source: Apoptosis - August 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

A flavivirus protein M-derived peptide directly permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes, triggers cell death and reduces human tumor growth in nude miceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Dengue viruses belong to the Flavivirus family and are responsible for hemorrhagic fever in Human. Dengue virus infection triggers apoptosis especially through the expression of the small membrane (M) protein. Using isolated mitochondria, we found that synthetic peptides containing the C-terminus part of the M ectodomain caused apoptosis-related mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) events. These events include matrix swelling and the dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Protein M Flavivirus sequence alignments and helical wheel projections reveal a conserved dis...
Source: Apoptosis - August 20, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Partial attenuation of cytotoxicity and apoptosis by SOD1 in ischemic renal epithelial cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute significantly to apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, however the exact mechanisms are not well understood. We used novel lentiviral vectors to over-express superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in proximal tubular epithelial (LLC-PK1) cells and determined effects of SOD1 following ATP depletion-recovery, used as a model to simulate renal IR. SOD1 over-expression partially protected against cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) and decreased superoxide (O2 •−) in ATP depleted cells. The ATP depletion-mediated increase in nuclear fragmentation, an ...
Source: Apoptosis - August 14, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

TPCK-induced apoptosis and labelling of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in Jurkat cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract N-α-Tosyl-l-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) is an affinity label for chymotrypsin-like proteases and has been extensively used as an experimental tool in apoptosis research to probe the role of proteases in cell death. While TPCK blocks some apoptotic changes and induces others, the cellular target or targets for TPCK have not been identified. Here we investigated for the first time the cellular targets for TPCK using a polyclonal anti-tosyl antibody. We have found that TPCK rapidly and irreversibly labels numerous intracellular proteins and have identified one as RPB1, the largest subuni...
Source: Apoptosis - August 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Downregulation of uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 decreases proliferation and enhances tumor susceptibility to lysis by apoptotic agents and natural killer cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells target and kill tumor cells by direct anti-tumor cytotoxicity. NK lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM) is a protein involved in this cytolytic function. Acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, NKLAM binds to and ubiquitinates a novel protein, uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 (UCKL-1), targeting it for degradation. However, UCKL-1’s function in tumor cell survival and NK cell cytotoxicity is unknown. UCKL-1’s homology to uridine kinases and over expression in tumor cells suggests a role for UCKL-1 in tumor growth and/or survival. We propose that NKLAM and UCKL-1 interact in the tum...
Source: Apoptosis - August 12, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

A primate-specific POTE-actin fusion protein plays a role in apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The primate-specific gene family, POTE, is expressed in many cancers but only in a limited number of normal tissues (testis, ovary, prostate). The 13 POTE paralogs are dispersed among 8 human chromosomes. They evolved by gene duplication and remodeling from an ancestral gene, Ankrd26, recently implicated in controlling body size and obesity. In addition, several POTE paralogs are fused to an actin retrogene producing POTE-actin fusion proteins. The biological function of the POTE genes is unknown, but their high expression in primary spermatocytes, some of which are undergoing apoptosis, suggests a ro...
Source: Apoptosis - August 11, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via AKT and MAPK pathwaysEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the role of EGCG in endothelial cells following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG enhances I/R-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results showed that EGCG treatment caused cell proliferation inhibition during I/R injury, and this effect was associated with increased p27 and p21 levels and reduced cyclin D1 level. Moreover...
Source: Apoptosis - August 11, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Comprehensive analysis of expression pattern and promoter regulation of human autophagy-related genesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used RT-PCR to analyze the expression patterns of 26 human ATG genes simultaneously using cDNA derived from different adult and fetal tissues. As a result, we observed a characteristic ubiquitous expression pattern for all the genes except for ATG2A, ATG9B, and WIPI2. In particular, ATG2A was the only upregulated gene in the etoposide-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. ATG2A mRNA was also upregulated by doxorubicin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 13 out of 23 human ATG gene promoters were regulated by the transcription factor E2F1 in HeLa cells, indicating that these constructs could be useful for e...
Source: Apoptosis - August 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Conformational similarity in the activation of caspase-3 and -7 revealed by the unliganded and inhibited structures of caspase-7Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report crystal structures of a new unliganded conformation of caspase-7 and the inhibited caspase-7 with the tetrapeptide Ac-YVAD-Cho. Different conformational states and mechanisms for substrate recognition have been proposed based on unliganded structures of the redundant apoptotic executioner caspase-3 and -7. The current study shows that the executioner caspase-3 and -7 have similar conformations for the unliganded active site as well as the inhibitor-bound active site. The new unliganded caspase-7 structure exhibits the tyrosine flipping mechanism in which the Tyr230 has rotated to block entry to the S2 bindin...
Source: Apoptosis - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Endogenous HIV-1 Vpr-mediated apoptosis and proteome alteration of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 transformed C8166 cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, endogenous Vpr is able to kill HTLV-1 transformed C8166 cells, and may avoid the risks of inducing severe inflammatory responses through apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory activities. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0380-4Authors Fang He, Jinan University Institute for Tissue Transplantation and Immunology 510630 Guangzhou People’s Republic of ChinaYaoying Zeng, Jinan University Institute for Tissue Transplantation and Immunology 510630 Guangzhou People’s Republic of ChinaXiaoping Wu, Jinan University Institute for Tissue Transplantation and Immunolog...
Source: Apoptosis - August 5, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Simultaneous treatment with camptothecin and valproic acid suppresses induction of Bcl-XL and promotes apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Camptothecin derivatives have been widely used for chemotherapy in patients with various cancers, but intrinsic and acquired drug resistance is major drawback to be overcome. In the present study, we demonstrated that simultaneous treatment with camptothecin and valproic acid induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, whereas neither agent alone could efficiently induce apoptosis. This induction of apoptosis was associated with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and was caspase dependent. Further investigation showed that concurrent treatment modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apopt...
Source: Apoptosis - July 30, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in intermedin1-53 protection against myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, IMD1-53 exerts cardioprotective effect against myocardial I/R injury through the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-mediated myocardial apoptosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0382-2Authors Jun-Qiu Song, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 Beijing ChinaXu Teng, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 Beijing ChinaYan Cai, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology 100191 Bei...
Source: Apoptosis - July 26, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Cell death induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a model SN1 methylating agent, in two lung cancer cell lines of human originEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract New therapeutic approaches are needed for lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Methylating agents constitute a widely used class of anticancer drugs, the effect of which on human non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been adequately studied. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a model SN1 methylating agent, induced cell death through a distinct mechanism in two human NSCLC cell lines studied, A549(p53wt) and H157(p53null). In A549(p53wt), MNU induced G2/M arrest, accompanied by cdc25A degradation, hnRNP B1 induction, hnRNP C1/C2 downregulation. Non-apoptotic cell death was confirmed by the ...
Source: Apoptosis - July 26, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

The riddle of mitochondrial caspase-3 from liverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Caspase-3 is one of the main executors of apoptosis. Its zymogen procaspase-3 was localized to cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei. The subcellular location of procaspase-3 in liver was reported by several studies to be either cytosolic or cytosolic and mitochondrial. Our aim was to investigate these separate procaspase-3 pools to differentiate the pathways of their activation. By cell fractionation, immunocytochemistry, and confocal microscopy we report that there is a single procaspase-3 pool located to the cytosol in primary hepatocytes and in fractions of rat liver. In contrast, it depends on the i...
Source: Apoptosis - July 25, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Cell death: what can we learn from flies? Editorial for the special review issue on Drosophila apoptosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Apoptosis in DrosophilaDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0383-1Authors Bertrand Mollereau, LBMC, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, IFR 128 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon Lyon France Journal ApoptosisOnline ISSN 1573-675XPrint ISSN 1360-8185 (Source: Apoptosis)
Source: Apoptosis - July 25, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Insulin inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis and alleviates chronic adverse changes in post-ischemic cardiac structure and functionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Insulin has been shown to possess significant anti-apoptotic effect in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). However, the contribution by this protection of insulin to the prolonged cardiac function in rats subjected to ischemia remains unclear. The present study attempted to test whether early insulin treatment influences adverse prolonged post-ischemic cardiac structural and functional changes. Adult male rats were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and were randomized to receive one of the following treatments: saline (4 ml/kg/h i.v. injection beginning 10 ...
Source: Apoptosis - July 10, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

DNA damage- and stress-induced apoptosis occurs independently of PIDDEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The p53-induced protein with a death domain, PIDD, was identified as a p53 target gene whose main role is to execute apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. To investigate the physiological role of PIDD in apoptosis, we generated PIDD-deficient mice. Here, we report that, although PIDD expression is inducible upon DNA damage, PIDD-deficient mice undergo apoptosis normally not only in response to DNA damage, but also in response to various p53-independent stress signals and to death receptor (DR) engagement. This indicates that PIDD is not required for DNA damage-, stress-, and DR-induced apoptosis. Als...
Source: Apoptosis - July 6, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Regulation of Drosophilamelanogaster pro-apoptotic gene hidEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Key decisions one makes in a lifetime include whether and how often to reproduce, what role to play in the community and, under certain conditions, whether to live or die. Similar decisions are also made at the level of cells: whether to divide, what fate to assume in the multicellular context of metazoan development and, under certain conditions, whether to live or to die. The pro-apoptotic gene hid plays an important role in the execution of cell death in Drosophila. Here, we review the various levels of control that exist to regulate Hid according to the life-or-death choice of a cell. Content ...
Source: Apoptosis - June 25, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

A novel triple-regulated oncolytic adenovirus carrying PDCD5 gene exerts potent antitumor efficacy on common human leukemic cell linesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a triple-regulated conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAd) carrying PDCD5 gene expression cassette, SG611-PDCD5, was engineered. In SG611-PDCD5, the E1a gene with a deletion of 24 nucleotides within CR2 region is controlled under the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter, the E1b gene expression is directed by the hypoxia response element (HRE), whereas the PDCD5 gene is controlled by the cytomegalovirus promoter. The tumor-selective replication of this virus and its antitumor efficacy were characterized in several leukemic cell lines in vitro and in xenograft models of human leu...
Source: Apoptosis - June 24, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Bovine ephemeral fever virus-induced apoptosis requires virus gene expression and activation of Fas and mitochondrial signaling pathwayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s10495-009-0377-zAuthors Chi-Hung Lin, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Veterinary Medicine Pingtung TaiwanWen-Ling Shih, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Graduate Institute of Biotechnology Pingtung TaiwanFeng-Lang Lin, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Department of Veterinary Medicine Pingtung TaiwanYao-Ching Hsieh, Tainan Hsien Livestock Disease Control Center Tainan County TaiwanYur-Ren Kuo, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Kaohsiung Tai...
Source: Apoptosis - June 24, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Inhibition of MEK signaling enhances the ability of cytarabine to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of acute myelogenous leukemia cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study explored the impact of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 on the effect of cytarabien (AraC), one of the most commonly used anti-leukemia agents, to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of AML cells. AZD6244 effectively blocked AraC-induced MEK/ERK activation and enhanced its ability to induce growth arrest and apoptosis of NB4 and HL60 cells in parallel with induction of DNA damage as measured by detection of γ-H2AX by Western Blot analysis, resulting in enhanced expression of p21 waf1 and downregulation of c-Myc and Bcl-xl in these cells. Enhanced induction of apoptosis mediated by combination of AZD6244 and AraC...
Source: Apoptosis - June 23, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals

Diabetes and apoptosis: liverEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The liver is a central regulator of glucose homeostasis and stores or releases glucose according to metabolic demands. In insulin resistant states or diabetes the dysregulation of hepatic glucose release contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of these conditions. Acute or chronic liver disease can aggravate insulin resistance and the physiological effects of insulin on hepatocytes are disturbed. Insulin resistance has also been recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of liver injury. In the healthy liver tissue homeostasis is achieved through cell turnover by apoptosis...
Source: Apoptosis - June 22, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Apoptosis Source Type: journals