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Microbial Fed-batch Production of 1,3-Propanediol Using Raw Glycerol with Suspended and Immobilized Klebsiella pneumoniae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) was investigated with Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM 4799 using raw glycerol without purification obtained from a biodiesel production process. Fed-batch cultures with suspended cells revealed that 1,3-PD production was more effective when utilizing raw glycerol than pure glycerol (productivity after 47 h of fermentation, 0.84 g L(-1) h(-1) versus 1.51 g L(-1) h(-1) with pure and raw glycerol, respectively). In addition, more than 80 g/L of 1,3-PD was produced using raw glycerol; this is the highest 1,3-PD concentration reported thus far for K. pneumoniae using raw glycerol. Repeat...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jun SA, Moon C, Kang CH, Kong SW, Sang BI, Um Y Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Simulated Microgravity Affects Growth of Escherichia coli and Recombinant beta-D: -Glucuronidase Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study growth of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells transformed with pET-28a (+)-pgus in double-axis clinostat that could model low shear SMG environment and the recombinant beta-D: -glucuronidase (PGUS) expression have been investigated. Results showed that the cell dry weights in SMG were 16.47%, 38.06%, and 28.79% more than normal gravity (NG) control, and the efficiency of the recombinant PGUS expression in SMG were 18.33%, 19.36%, and 33.42% higher than that in NG at 19 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and 37 degrees C, respectively (P < 0.05). PMID: 19921492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemist...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xiang L, Qi F, Dai D, Li C, Jiang Y Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Bioflocculant Exopolysaccharide Production by Azotobacter indicus Using Flower Extract of Madhuca latifolia L.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study suggests that use of M. latifolia L. flowers can be a potential alternative bioresource for production of exopolysaccharide. PMID: 19921493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Patil SV, Salunkhe RB, Patil CD, Patil DM, Salunke BK Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Plant Cell and Tissue Culture-A Tool in Biotechnology: Basics and Application by Neumann, Karl-Hermann, Kumar, Ashwani, and Imani, Jafargholi : 2009, IX, 333 pp. 153 illustrations, hardcover. Publisher: Springer, ISBN: 978-3-540-93882-8; e-ISBN: 978-3-540-93883-5.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19921469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 17, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Basu SK, Goyal A Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Hemolytic and Antimicrobial Activities Differ Among Saponin-rich Extracts From Guar, Quillaja, Yucca, and Soybean.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hemolytic and antibacterial activities of eight serial concentrations ranged from 5-666 microg/mL of saponin-rich extracts from guar meal (GM), quillaja, yucca, and soybean were tested in 96-well plates and read by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate-well as 650 nm. Hemolytic assay used a 1% suspension of chicken red blood cells with water and phosphate buffered saline as positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli were evaluated using ampicillin and bacteria without saponin-rich extract as positive and negative con...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 15, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hassan SM, Byrd JA, Cartwright AL, Bailey CA Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Compositional Changes in Sugarcane Bagasse on Low Temperature, Long-term Diluted Ammonia Treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated a simple and economic pretreatment process using dilute ammonia for the storage of sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was stored in 0, 0.03, and 0.3% (w/w) ammonium hydroxide in a closed bottle for 40 days at 30 degrees C under atmospheric pressure without any agitation or circulation. Samples were taken every 10 days and analyzed for changes on lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose composition, ammonia concentration, and microbial counts. Biomass storage for 40 days at 0.3% ammonium hydroxide removed 46% of lignin and retained 100% cellulose and 73% hemicellulose. PMID: 19916000 [PubMed - a...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 15, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim M, Aita G, Day DF Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Methanogenic Activity of Biogas Plant Slurry for Monitoring Codigestion of Ossein Factory Wastes and Cyanobacterial Biomass.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study gives information on the use of these wastes with suitable proportions for taking an effort in a large-scale anaerobic digestion in an effective way of ossein factory. PMID: 19911119 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 13, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chellapandi P, Prabaharan D, Uma L Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Complementary and Comparative Study on Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Various Extracts of Eugenia jambolana Seed, Momordica charantia Fruits, Gymnema sylvestre, and Trigonella foenum graecum Seeds in Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In present study, we investigated hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potential of five extracts (water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, and chloroform) of four plants (i.e., seeds of Eugenia jambolana, fruits of Momordica charantia, leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, and seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum) alone and/or in combination with glimepiride in rats. Ethanol extract of E. jambolana, water extract of M. charantia, ethanol extract of G. sylvestre, and water extract of T. graecum exhibited highest hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity (most active) in rats among all the extracts, while hexane extracts exhibited least ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 11, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yadav M, Lavania A, Tomar R, Prasad GB, Jain S, Yadav H Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Synthesis of Cholesterol-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Purification of Human Paraoxonase 1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a novel purification strategy was employed to purify the PON1 by using cholesterol-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and conjugated with cholesterol through diazotized p-aminohippuric acid. In Fourier transform infrared spectrum of cholesterol-p-aminohippuric acid-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles, the appearance of peaks at 3,358.3, 1,645 cm(-1), and at 2,334.9 cm(-1) confirmed the conjugation. The molecular weight of purified PON1 was nearly 45 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and isoelectric point was 5.3. The specific activity w...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Samra ZQ, Shabir S, Rehmat Z, Zaman M, Nazir A, Dar N, Athar MA Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Purification, Molecular Cloning, and Biochemical Characterization of Subtilisin JB1 from a Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis JB1.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An extracellular gelatinolytic enzyme obtained from the newly isolated Bacillus subtilis JB1, a thermophilic microorganism relevant to the aerobic biodegradation process of fish-meal production, was purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200 Gel filtration chromatography, and one-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation and subsequently identified via peptide mass fingerprinting and chemically assisted fragmentation matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The subtilisin JB1 gene was sequenced and its recombinant protein prosubtilisin JB1 was expressed in Escheric...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sung JH, Ahn SJ, Kim NY, Jeong SK, Kim JK, Chung JK, Lee HH Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Screening and Production Study of Microbial Xylanase Producers from Brazilian Cerrado.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides of low molecular weight containing 100 to 200 glycosidic residues. In plants, the xylans or the hemicelluloses are situated between the lignin and the collection of cellulose fibers underneath. The xylan is the most common hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cell walls of land plants, comprising a backbone of xylose residues linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. So, xylanolytic enzymes from microorganism have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, particularly because of their biotechnological characteristics in various industrial processes, related to food, feed, ethanol...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 8, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Alves-Prado HF, Pavezzi FC, Leite RS, de Oliveira VM, Sette LD, Dasilva R Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Development of Batch and Continuous Processes on Biodiesel Production in a Packed-Bed Reactor by a Mixture of Immobilized Candida rugosa and Rhizopus oryzae Lipases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, transesterification and esterification were investigated in batch and continuous process using immobilized Candida rugosa and Rhizopus oryzae lipases. In the case of batch process, stepwise reaction method was investigated to prevent the lipase deactivation. Reaction conditions were as follows: temperature, 45 degrees C; agitation speed, 250 rpm; enzyme concentration, 20%; and water contents 10%. And then, conversion yield was 98.33% at 4 h. In the case of continuous process, circulation and long-term continuous system were investigated for development of efficient mass transfer system. Optimal reaction cond...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee JH, Kim SB, Park C, Tae B, Han SO, Kim SW Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Characterisation of Specific Activities and Hydrolytic Properties of Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes Produced by Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 on Different Carbon Sources.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conversion of lignocellulosic substrates is limited by several factors, in terms of both the enzymes and the substrates. Better understanding of the hydrolysis mechanisms and the factors determining their performance is crucial for commercial lignocelluloses-based processes. Enzymes produced on various carbon sources (Solka Floc 200, lactose and steam-pre-treated corn stover) by Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 were characterised by their enzyme profile and hydrolytic performance. The results showed that there was a clear correlation between the secreted amount of xylanase and mannanase enzymes and that their production was ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sipos B, Benkő Z, Dienes D, Réczey K, Viikari L, Siika-Aho M Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Biotransformation of Celecoxib Using Microbial Cultures.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microbial transformation studies can be used as models to simulate mammalian drug metabolism. In the present investigation, biotransformation of celecoxib was studied in microbial cultures. Bacterial, fungal, and yeast cultures were employed in the present study to elucidate the metabolism of celecoxib. The results indicate that a number of microorganisms metabolized celecoxib to various levels to yield eight metabolites, which were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. HPLC analysis of biotransformed products indicated th...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Srisailam K, Veeresham C Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Inhibition of Fungi and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Bacteriocin BacTN635 Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum sp. TN635.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate 54 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from meat, fermented vegetables and dairy products for their capacity to produce antimicrobial activities against several bacteria and fungi. The strain designed TN635 has been selected for advanced studies. The supernatant culture of this strain inhibits the growth of all tested pathogenic including the four Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica ATCC43972, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 49189, Hafnia sp. and Serratia sp.) and the pathogenic fungus Candida tropicalis R2 CIP203. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene o...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 4, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Smaoui S, Elleuch L, Bejar W, Karray-Rebai I, Ayadi I, Jaouadi B, Mathieu F, Chouayekh H, Bejar S, Mellouli L Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Response of Cellulase Activity in pH-Controlled Cultures of the Filamentous Fungus Acremonium cellulolyticus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is a step toward the establishment of an efficient system to reutilize cellulolytic biomass. PMID: 19882113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Prasetyo J, Sumita S, Okuda N, Park EY Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. cereus Bacteria Sterilization Using Afterglow of Non-Thermal Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We developed and employed a new geometrical structure of dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure for bacterial broad spectrum sterilization. We utilized a plasma source having an AC power supply at 50 HZ and 5,400 V (rms value). We prepared suspensions of the Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a Gram-positive of Bacillus cereus with Luria-Bertani broth media up to OD(600 nm) = 0.25 of McFarland standard. Afterglow of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treated these suspensions. The influence of the atmospheric plasma afterglow on the species was assayed in di...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sohbatzadeh F, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Mirzanejhad S, Mahmodi S Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Chlorella minutissima-A Promising Fuel Alga for Cultivation in Municipal Wastewaters.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is imperative to slash the cost of algal oil to less than $50 bbl(-1) for successful algal biofuel production. Use of municipal wastewater for algal cultivation could obviate the need for freshwater and the nutrients-N and P. It would also add CO(2) through bacterial activity. Chlorella minutissima Fott et Nova dominated the entire phycoflora year around and through each stage of the wastewater treatment at the oxidation pond system of Wazirabad (Delhi) in India. The ability to grow so profusely in such varied and contrasting situations made this alga unique. Besides pollution tolerance, it grew heterotrophically in...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - November 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bhatnagar A, Bhatnagar M, Chinnasamy S, Das KC Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

2D polarization imaging of turbid media.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cancer normally tends to result in the decrease of tissue elasticity; i.e., the cancerous region is more rigid than the normal surrounding areas. This would appear as differences in the distribution of internal birefringence that could be used to improve image contrast between the cancerous and normal tissue structures. Different filtering techniques are used to enhance the image to help us identify, locate, and diagnose an "object," such as a tumor inside a biological tissue. PMID: 19802710 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mathur N, Chaudhary NK, Bharti P Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Synthesis of poly(o-anisidine)/H(2)SO(4) film for the development of glucose biosensor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The poly(o-anisidine)-sulfuric acid-glucose oxidase (POA-H(2)SO(4)-GOx) electrode has been investigated in the present work. Platinum electrode was used for the synthesis of poly (o-anisidine)-sulfuric acid (POA-H(2)SO(4)) film using galvanostatic method with 0.2 M o-anisidine, 1.0 M H(2)SO(4) solution, 1.0 pH and 2 mA/cm(2) applied current density. The synthesized film was characterized using electrochemical technique, conductivity measurement, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. GO(X) was immobilized on synthesized POA-H(2)SO(4) film by cross-linking via...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 6, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Savale PA, Shirsat MD Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Synthesis of Rapeseed Biodiesel Using Short-Chained Alkyl Acetates as Acyl Acceptor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we conducted experiments using a response surface methodology to determine the optimal reaction conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from rapeseed oil and short-chained alkyl acetates, such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate, as the acyl acceptor at 40 degrees C. Based on our response surface methodology experiments, the optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of biodiesel were as follows: methyl acetate as acyl acceptor, catalyst concentration of 16.50%, oil-to-methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:12.44, and reaction time of 19.70 h; ethyl acetate as acyl acceptor, catalyst concentration of ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jeong GT, Park DH Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Characterization of Commercial Amylases for the Removal of Filter Cake on Petroleum Wells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Drilling fluid has many functions, such as carry cuttings from the hole permitting their separation at the surface, cool and clean the bit, reduce friction between the drill pipe and wellbore, maintain the stability of the wellbore, and prevent the inflow of fluids from the wellbore and form a thin, low-permeable filter cake. Filter cake removal is an important step concerning both production and injection in wells, mainly concerning horizontal completion. The drilling fluids are typically comprised of starch, the most important component of the filter cake. A common approach to remove this filter cake is the use of ac...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 5, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kyaw N, de Mesquita RF, Kameda E, de Queiroz Neto JC, Langone MA, Coelho MA Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate Using Pichia stipitis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ethanol production from the sugars contained in the sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate with the yeast Pichia stipitis DSM 3651. The fermentations were carried out in 250-mL Erlenmeyers with 100 mL of medium incubated at 200 rpm and 30 degrees C for 120 h. The medium was composed by raw (non-detoxified) hydrolysate or by hydrolysates detoxified by pH alteration followed by active charcoal adsorption or by adsorption into ion-exchange resins, all of them supplemented with yeast extract (3 g/L), malt extract (3 g/L), and peptone (5 g/L). The initial concentration of ce...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Canilha L, Carvalho W, de Almeida Felipe MD, de Almeida E Silva JB, Giulietti M Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Development of Real-Time PCR Primer and Probe Sets for Detecting Degenerated and Non-degenerated Forms of the Butanol-Producing Bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we designed two specific primer and probe sets for real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) detection of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (the C. aceto set) and pSOL1-possessing C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (the DGS set). Specific primer and probe sets were designed on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequence and pSOL1 sequence. The number of degenerated C. acetobutylicum could be quantified by subtracting the number of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 containing pSOL1 from the total number of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. The primer and probe sets permitted the specific detection and quantification of degenerated C. acetobutylicum and total but...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee SM, Cho MO, Um Y, Sang BI Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Ethanol Production by Fermentation Using Immobilized Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Cashew Apple Bagasse.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this work, cashew apple bagasse (CAB) was used for Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilization. The support was prepared through a treatment with a solution of 3% HCl, and delignification with 2% NaOH was also conducted. Optical micrographs showed that high populations of yeast cells adhered to pre-treated CAB surface. Ten consecutive fermentations of cashew apple juice for ethanol production were carried out using immobilized yeasts. High ethanol productivity was observed from the third fermentation assay until the tenth fermentation. Ethanol concentrations (about 19.82-37.83 g L(-1) in average value) and ethanol produ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pacheco AM, Gondim DR, Gonçalves LR Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Purification and Characterization of 3-Ketovalidoxylamine A C-N Lyase Produced by Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A soluble 3-ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia was purified to 367.5-fold from the crude enzyme, with a yield of 16.4% by column chromatography on High S IEX, Methyl HIC, High Q IEX, and Sephadex G 100. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 34 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzyme was a neutral protein having an isoelectric point value at pH 7.0. The optimal pH of 3-ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase was around 7.0. The enzyme was stable within a pH range of 7.0-10.5. The optimal temperature was found to be near 40 degrees C, and the e...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang JF, Zheng YG, Shen YC Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Toward Plant Cell Wall Degradation Under Thermophilic Condition: A Unique Microbial Community Developed Originally from Swine Waste.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A unique thermophilic microbial community developed initially from swine waste was investigated in this study. Cellulase activities were observed when this community was inoculated to media containing either cellulose or carboxymethylcellulose at 57 degrees C. Through constructing a clone library for the 16S ribosomal DNA, it was revealed that this community was mainly composed of three genera: Thermobacillus, Brevibacillus, and Anoxybacillus. New findings regarding the thermo- and pH stability of crude cellulases secreted by Brevibacillus sp. JXL were presented. Recent study on the growth characteristics of Anoxybacil...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liang Y, Yesuf J, Feng Z Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Glucose Oxidase Gene from Aspergillus niger Z-25 in Pichia pastoris.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A gene of glucose oxidase (GOD) from Aspergillus niger Z-25 was cloned and sequenced. The entire open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 1,818 bp and encoded a putative peptide of 605 amino acids. The gene was fused to the pPICZalphaA plasmid and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris SMD1168. The recombinant GOD (rGOD) was secreted into the culture using MF-alpha factor signal peptide under the control of the AOX1 promoter. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that rGOD exhibited a single band at around 94 kDa. The maximal GOD activity of approximately 40 U/mL was achieved in shake flask by indu...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Guo Y, Lu F, Zhao H, Tang Y, Lu Z Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Partial Purification and Characterization of Glutaminase from Lactobacillus reuteri KCTC3594.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we attempted to purify and characterize glutaminase (EC. 3.5.1.2) from Lactobacillus reuteri KCTC3594. The glutaminase was purified approximately 21-fold from the cell-free extract of L. reuteri KCTC3594 by protamine sulfate treatment and chromatography methods including anion exchange and gel filtration. The sizes of two major bands of the enzyme were presumed to be 70 and 50 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The glutaminase activity of L. reuteri KCTC3594 was assayed in various ranges of pH, temperature, and salt concentrations. The enzyme activity was optimal at 40 degrees ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 26, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jeon JM, Lee HI, Han SH, Chang CS, So JS Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Profiling Differential Expression of Cellulases and Metabolite Footprints in Aspergillus terreus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study reports differential expression of endoglucanase (EG) and beta-glucosidase (betaG) isoforms of Aspergillus terreus. Expression of multiple isoforms was observed, in presence of different carbon sources and culture conditions, by activity staining of poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. Maximal expression of four EG isoforms was observed in presence of rice straw (28 U/g DW substrate) and corn cobs (1.147 U/ml) under solid substrate and shake flask culture, respectively. Furthermore, the sequential induction of EG isoforms was found to be associated with the presence of distinct metabolites (monosaccharides/...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 24, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nazir A, Soni R, Saini HS, Kaur A, Chadha BS Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Optimization of Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Fungus Cells Immobilized in Fibrous Supports.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A circulating packed-bed bioreactor system using fibrous nonwoven fabric as the immobilization matrix was suitable for simultaneous cell growth and immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae fungus cells, which could be used for lipase-mediated production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil. Response surface methodology and 5-level-5-factor central composite rotatable design was proved to be a powerful tool for the optimization of methanolysis conditions catalyzed by immobilized R. oryzae whole cell biocatalyst. A quadratic polynomial regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the yield and the signif...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 23, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chen JP, Lin GH Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Bioconversion of Phenylpyruvate to Phenyllactate: Gene Cloning, Expression, and Enzymatic Characterization of D: - and L: 1-Lactate Dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus plantarum SK002.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two DNA fragments containing the entire coding sequences of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; ldhL1 and ldhD), whose enzymes have high activity for bioconversion of phenylpyruvate (PPA) to phenyllactate (PLA), were amplified from Lactobacillus plantarum SK002 using PCR. Sequencing showed open reading frames of 963 bp (ldhL1) and 999 bp (ldhD) encoding putative proteins of 320 and 332 amino acid residues, respectively. The LDH genes were cloned into an expression vector pET-22b(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant L: 1-LDH and D: -LDH had approximate (SDS-PAGE) molecular weights of 35 and 4...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 22, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jia J, Mu W, Zhang T, Jiang B Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Production of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) in Direct Fermentation of Cassava by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this work, acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation characteristics of cassava starch and cassava chips when using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 was presented. The obtained results in batch mode using a 1-L fermenter showed that C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 was a hyperamylolytic strain and capable of producing solvents efficiently from cassava starch and cassava chips, which was comparable to when glucose was used. Batch fermentation of cassava starch and cassava chips resulted in 21.0 and 19.4 g/L of total solvent as compared with 24.2 g/L of total solvent when using glucose. Solvent productiv...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 21, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Thang VH, Kanda K, Kobayashi G Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

A Process to Produce Penicillin G Acylase by Surface-Adhesion Fermentation Using Mucor griseocyanus to Obtain 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid by Penicillin G Hydrolysis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The production of extracellular and mycelia-associated penicillin G acylase (maPGA) with Mucor griseocyanus H/55.1.1 by surface-adhesion fermentation using Opuntia imbricata, a cactus, as a natural immobilization support was studied. Enzyme activity to form 6-aminopencillanic acid (6-APA) from penicillin G was assayed spectrophotometrically. The penicillin G hydrolysis to 6-APA was evaluated at six different times using PGA samples recovered from the skim milk medium at five different incubation times. Additionally, the effect of varying the penicillin G substrate concentration level on the PGA enzyme activity was also...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Martínez-Hernández JL, Mata-Gómez MA, Aguilar-González CN, Ilyina A Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Microwave Exposure Affecting Reproductive System in Male Rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The object of present study is to investigate the effects of 50 GHz microwave frequency electromagnetic fields on reproductive system of male rats. Male rats of Wistar strain were used in the study. Animals 60 days old were divided into two groups-group I sham exposed and group II experimental (microwave exposed). During exposure, rats were confined in Plexiglas cages with drilled ventilation holes for 2 h a day for 45 days continuously at a specified specific absorption rate of 8.0 x 10(-4) W/kg. After the last exposure, the rats were sacrificed immediately and sperms were collected. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dis...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 18, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kesari KK, Behari J Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Cloning of a Heat-Stable Chitin Deacetylase Gene from Aspergillus nidulans and its Functional Expression in Escherichia coli.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A gene encoding chitin deacetylase was cloned by polymerase chain reaction from Aspergillus nidulans. Sequencing result showed 40% homology to the corresponding gene from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The complete gene contains an open reading frame of 747 nucleotides encoding a sequence of 249 amino acid residues. The chitin deacetylase gene was subcloned into a pET28a expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and then purified by metal affinity chromatography using a His-bind column. The purified chitin deacetylase demonstrated an activity of 0.77 U ml(-1) for the glycol chitin substrates, and its spe...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 16, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang Y, Song JZ, Yang Q, Liu ZH, Huang XM, Chen Y Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of Oxalate Decarboxylase and Oxalate Oxidase for Industrial Applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Increased recirculation of process water has given rise to problems with formation of calcium oxalate incrusts (scaling) in the pulp and paper industry and in forest biorefineries. The potential in using oxalate decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger for oxalic acid removal in industrial bleaching plant filtrates containing oxalic acid was examined and compared with barley oxalate oxidase. Ten different filtrates from chemical pulping were selected for the evaluation. Oxalate decarboxylase degraded oxalic acid faster than oxalate oxidase in eight of the filtrates, while oxalate oxidase performed better in one filtrate. O...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cassland P, Sjöde A, Winestrand S, Jönsson LJ, Nilvebrant NO Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Ca(+2) Concentrations are Key Determinants of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis: Significance for the Molecular Mechanism of Bcl-2 Action.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The mechanism of action of the anti-apoptotic oncogene Bcl-2 and Ca(+2) regulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury is still obscure. In this present study, we investigated mitochondrial Ca(+2) overloads and mechanism of action of Bcl-2. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated control group (I) (n = 6), ischemia and reperfusion group (II) (n = 6), and amlodipine-treated group (1 mg kg(-1) body weight/daily by oral route for 7 days before inducing ischemia-reperfusion maneuver) (III) (n = 6). Rats were subjected to 1 h of hepatic ischemia followed by 3-h reperfusion. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) content was determine...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 10, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chattopadhyay P, Chaudhury P, Wahi AK Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Response Surface Optimization of Medium Components for Naringinase Production from Staphylococcus xylosus MAK2.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing naringinase production by Staphylococcus xylosus. The first step of this process involved the individual adjustment and optimization of various medium components at shake flask level. Sources of carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (sodium nitrate), as well as an inducer (naringin) and pH levels were all found to be the important factors significantly affecting naringinase production. In the second step, a 22 full factorial central composite design was applied to determine the optimal levels of each of the significant variables. A second-o...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Puri M, Kaur A, Singh RS, Singh A Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Kinetic Evaluation of Aminoethylisothiourea on Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that aminoethylisothiourea (AET), a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, is an irreversible competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase by chelation to the active site of tyrosinase when L: -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine was assayed spectrophotometrically. The spectrophotometric recordings of the inhibition of tyrosinase by AET were characterized by the presence of a lag period prior to the attainment of an inhibited steady-state rate. The lag period corresponded to the time in which AET was reacting with the enzymatically generated o-quinone. Increasing AET concentrations provoked lon...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li SB, Nie HL, Zhang HT, Xue Y, Zhu LM Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Thermodynamic Feasibility of Enzymatic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Production of valuable chemicals from CO(2) is highly desired for the purpose of controlling CO(2) emission. Toward that, enzymatic reduction of CO(2) for the production of methanol appeared to be especially promising. That has been achieved by reversing the biological metabolic reaction pathways. However, hitherto, there has been little discussion on the thermodynamic feasibility of reversing such biological pathways. The reported yields of methanol have been generally very low under regular reaction conditions preferred by naturally evolved enzymes. The current work examines the sequential enzymatic conversion of CO(...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Baskaya FS, Zhao X, Flickinger MC, Wang P Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

New Potential Biocatalysts by Laccase Immobilization in PVA Cryogel Type Carrier.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Laccases are enzymes belonging to the Oxidoreductases class. These enzymes may be good biocatalysts for different processes, at laboratory and industrial levels. A successful use at industrial scale demands a higher stability of the enzyme. As an easy way to obtain longer life biocatalysts, the immobilization process is recommended. Thus, the paper presents different ways of obtaining new biocatalysts by a laccase covalent immobilization on a macroporous carrier based on poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. Different procedures of covalent immobilization are described, the newly obtained biocatalysts being characterized. Accor...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Stanescu MD, Fogorasi M, Shaskolskiy BL, Gavrilas S, Lozinsky VI Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Gene Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Recombinant Aerolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aerolysin is a significant virulent toxin protein secreted by Aeromonas hydrophila; it produces deep wound infections and hemorrhagic septicemia. The complete aerolysin gene (1,482 bp) was amplified from A. hydrophila. Furthermore, it was cloned and expressed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) codon plus RP cells using 0.5 mM IPTG for induction. The protein size was 54 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE, and it was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Anti-His antibodies were used to characterize the expressed aerolysin by Western blotting and showed hemolytic activity with fish red blood cells. Aerolysin may be used as ...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Singh V, Somvanshi P, Rathore G, Kapoor D, Mishra BN Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

alpha-Amylase: An Ideal Representative of Thermostable Enzymes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The conditions prevailing in the industrial applications in which enzymes are used are rather extreme, especially with respect to temperature and pH. Therefore, there is a continuing demand to improve the stability of enzymes and to meet the requirements set by specific applications. In this respect, thermostable enzymes have been proposed to be industrially relevant. In this review, alpha-amylase, a well-established representative of thermostable enzymes, providing an attractive model for the investigation of the structural basis of thermostability of proteins, has been discussed. PMID: 19763902 [PubMed - as suppl...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Prakash O, Jaiswal N Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Marine Diatom, Navicula sp. Strain JPCC DA0580 and Marine Green Alga, Chlorella sp. Strain NKG400014 as Potential Sources for Biodiesel Production.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Marine diatom, strain JPCC DA0580, and marine green microalga strain NKG400014 were selected as high neutral lipid-producers from marine microalgal culture collection toward biodiesel production. These strains were tentatively identified as Navicula sp. and Chlorella sp., respectively, by 18S rDNA analysis. Growth and lipid accumulation conditions of both strains were analyzed by changing nutrient concentrations in growth media and initial illuminance intensity. The highest productivity of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reached to 154 mg/L/week for NKG400014 and 185 mg/L/week for JPCC DA0580. Gas chromatography/mass sp...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Matsumoto M, Sugiyama H, Maeda Y, Sato R, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Rational Approaches for Drug Designing Against Leishmaniasis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Leishmaniasis has been ignored for many years mainly because it plagues remote and poor areas. However, recently, it has drawn attention of several investigators, and active research is going on for antileishmanial drug discovery. The current available drugs have high failure rates and significant side effects. Recently, liposomal preparations of amphotericin B are available and have proved to be a better drug, but they are very expensive. Miltefosine is one of the few orally administered drugs that are effective against Leishmania. However, it has exhibited teratogenicity, hence, should not be administered to pregnant...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 7, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shukla AK, Singh BK, Patra S, Dubey VK Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Production and Characterization of Cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6 Using a Cost-Effective Molasses-Corn Steep Liquor Medium.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to reduce of the manufacturing cost of bacterial cellulose (BC), BC production by Acetobacter sp. V6 was investigated in shaking culture using molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The highest BC production was obtained with Ca(3)(PO(4))(2)-treated molasses. Maximum BC yield (2.21 +/- 0.04 g/l) was obtained at 5% (w/v) total sugar in molasses. In improved medium containing molasses and CSL, BC production was observed in the medium after 1 day of incubation and increased rapidly thereafter with maximum yield (3.12 +/- 0.03 g/l) at 8 days. This value was appr...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jung HI, Lee OM, Jeong JH, Jeon YD, Park KH, Kim HS, An WG, Son HJ Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Influence of Extruder Temperature and Screw Speed on Pretreatment of Corn Stover while Varying Enzymes and Their Ratios.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of barrel temperature and screw speed on sugar recovery from corn stover, to select a suitable enzyme combination and its ratio. Corn stover was pretreated in a single screw extruder with five screw speeds (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 rpm) and five barrel temperatures (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 degrees C). In order to select a suitable enzyme combination and ratio, different levels of cellulase and beta-glucosidase, multienzyme complex and beta-glucosidase were used during saccharification of pretreated corn stover. From the statistical analysis, it was found that screw sp...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 3, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Karunanithy C, Muthukumarappan K Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Dynamics and Control Strategies for a Butanol Fermentation Process.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this work, mathematical modeling was employed to assess the dynamic behavior of the flash fermentation process for the production of butanol. This process consists of three interconnected units as follows: fermentor, cell retention system (tangential microfiltration), and vacuum flash vessel (responsible for the continuous recovery of butanol from the broth). Based on the study of the dynamics of the process, suitable feedback control strategies [single input/single output (SISO) and multiple input/multiple output (MIMO)] were elaborated to deal with disturbances related to the process. The regulatory control consis...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 2, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mariano AP, Costa CB, Maciel MR, Filho FM, Atala DI, de Angelis DD, Filho RM Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Immobilization of Anti-Galectin-3 onto Polysiloxane-Polyvinyl Alcohol Disks for Tumor Prostatic Diseases Diagnosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This work aimed to immobilize the antibody anti-galectin-3 onto polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (POS-PVA) support, to evaluate its capacity to capture the serum antigen galectin-3 and to quantify by ELISA the antigen levels in sera from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy individuals. Also, for comparative effect, the galectin-3 expression in the prostate tissue through immunohistochemistry was evaluated. The optical density (galectin-3 level) values established for the sera from PA and BPH patients were lower compared with those found for the healthy individual...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - September 1, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: de Melo-Júnior MR, Araújo-Filho JL, Lins CA, de Pontes-Filho NT, de Carvalho LB Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: journals