The Hidden Toll of Psychological Distress in Australian Adults and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life Measured as Health State Utilities
ConclusionsThe burden of PD in Australia is substantial, with a significant impact on female individuals and older individuals. Implementing age-specific and sex-specific healthcare interventions to address PD among Australian adults may greatly alleviate this burden. The PD state-specific HSUs calculated in our study can serve as valuable inputs for future health economic evaluations of PD in Australia and similar populations. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - March 26, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Is Economic Evaluation and Care Commissioning Focused on Achieving the Same Outcomes? Resource-Allocation Considerations and Challenges Using England as a Case Study
We describe considerations and challenges as to the practical role of relevant outcomes for evaluation and commissioning, seeking to bridge a gap between economic evaluation evidence and care commissioning. We describe conceptual (e.g., what are ‘relevant’ outcomes) alongside practical considerations (e.g., quantifying and using relevant endpoint or surrogate outcomes) and pertinent issues when linking outcomes to commissioning-based payment mechanisms, using England as a case study. Economic evaluation often focuses on a single endpoin t health-focused maximand, e.g., quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), whereas commi...
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - March 11, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Cost-Effectiveness of Novel Agent Regimens for Transplant-Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients in India
ConclusionAt the current WTP threshold of one-time per capita GDP ( ₹ 146,890) of India, VRd alone and VRd plus AHSCT has 38.1% and 6.9% probability to be cost-effective, respectively. Reduction in current reimbursement rates of novel drugs, namely VRd, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide plus dexamethasone under national insurance program and societal cost of transpla nt by 50%, would make VRd plus AHSCT and VTd plus AHSCT cost-effective at an incremental cost of ₹40,671 (US$34) and ₹97,639 (US$1,281) per QALY gained, respectively. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - March 7, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Cost of Low-Value Imaging Worldwide: A Systematic Review
ConclusionsThis study is the first systematic review of the cost of low-value imaging worldwide, documenting a high potential for cost reduction. Given the universal challenges with resource allocation, the large amount used for low-value imaging represents a vast opportunity cost and offers great potential to improve the quality and efficiency of care. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - March 1, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

#SharingHEOR: Developing Modern Media for Communication and Dissemination of Health Economics and Outcomes Research
AbstractQuestions regarding the effectiveness and safety of health interventions and allocation of health care resources are frequently discussed in mainstream and social media. Additionally, government and foundation funders are increasingly mandating that results be disseminated to the lay public and patients may benefit from being able to digest scientific research regarding their health conditions. Therefore, it is important to widely disseminate and clearly communication health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) findings to a range of interested parties. Digital media features such as graphical or visual abstracts...
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - March 1, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

The Impact of Raising Alcohol Taxes on Government Tax Revenue: Insights from Five European Countries
ConclusionsIncreasing alcohol taxation was not linked to decreased but increased government revenue. Policymakers can increase revenue and reduce alcohol consumption and harm by increasing alcohol taxes. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - February 22, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Simplified Methods for Modelling Dependent Parameters in Health Economic Evaluations: A Tutorial
ConclusionsThis tutorial proposes an extension of routinely used methods along with several examples. These simplified methods may be easily applied by health economic modellers with varied statistical backgrounds. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - February 20, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Rationing in an Era of Multiple Tight Constraints: Is Cost-Utility Analysis Still Fit for Purpose?
AbstractCost-utility analysis may not be sufficient to support reimbursement decisions when the assessed health intervention requires a large proportion of the healthcare budget or when the monetary healthcare budget is not the only resource constraint. Such cases include joint replacement, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) interventions and settings where all resources are constrained (e.g. post-COVID-19 or in low/middle-income countries). Using literature on health technology assessment, rationing and reimbursement in healthcare, we identified seven alternative frameworks for simultaneous decisions about (dis)investmen...
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - February 8, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Evidence Synthesis and Linkage for Modelling the Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Tests: Preliminary Good Practice Recommendations
ConclusionModelling the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests poses unique challenges in linking evidence on test accuracy to treatment effectiveness data to understand how a test impacts patient outcomes and costs. Upfront consideration of how a test and its results will likely be incorporated into patient diagnostic pathways is key to exploring the optimal design of such models. We propose some preliminary good practice recommendations to improve the quality of cost-effectiveness evaluations of diagnostics tests going forward. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - February 5, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

What Interventions are Cost Effective in Reducing Violence Against Women? A Scoping Review
ConclusionWhile there is some evidence of cost effectiveness emerging for interventions implemented in specific contexts, overall, we find the recent evidence on costs and cost effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of VAW to be limited. Embedding economic evaluation in future effectiveness trials will build critical evidence needed to inform policy and resource allocation decisions based on the value-for-money of interventions. Modelling the benefits and costs of interventions to better understand the societal impacts of programmes at scale is a further research opportunity. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 27, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Health Interventions May Have Divergent Impacts on Health and Economic Equity: A Case Study of the Community-Based Hypertension Improvement Project in Ghana
ConclusionsWhile ComHIP provides greater health benefits to wealthier groups, it offers substantial financial risk protection for the less wealthy. This study highlights the importance of considering equity in both health and financial risk when making priority-setting decisions. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 24, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Comparing Preferences for Disease Profiles: A Discrete Choice Experiment from a US Societal Perspective
ConclusionsOf disease attributes included in this DCE, respondents valued higher prevalence of disease, life expectancy and symptom burden as most important for prioritizing research and treatment. Based on expressed attribute preferences, a case study of an inherited pediatric disease involving substantial reductions to length and quality of life and requiring caregiver support has relatively high odds of being identified as important compared to diseases reflecting differing attribute profiles. These findings can help inform expansions of value frameworks by identifying important attributes from the societal perspective....
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 23, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Estimating Transition Probabilities for Modeling Major Depression in Adolescents by Sex and Race or Ethnicity Combinations in the USA
ConclusionsThis study validated new transition probabilities for future use in decision models evaluating adolescent  depression policies or interventions. Different sets of transition parameters by demographic factors (sex and race or ethnicity combinations) were generated to support future health equity research, including distributional cost-effectiveness analysis. Further data disaggregated with respect to ra ce, ethnicity, religion, income, geography, gender identity, sexual orientation, and disability would be helpful to project accurate estimates for historically minoritized communities. (Source: Applied Health Ec...
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 22, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

Are Web-Based Valuation Surveys for Preference-Based Measures as Reliable as Face-to-Face Surveys? TTO, DCE and DCE with Duration
ConclusionIf the face-to-face cTTO score is the gold standard, a web-based survey of cTTO is not recommended regardless of the ICC. If a DCE survey is performed, positioning effects should be considered. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 13, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research

A Review of Current Approaches to Evaluating and Reimbursing New Medicines in a Subset of OECD Countries
ConclusionsMost analysed countries show a trend towards value-based approaches that consider value for money to society, but also other economic, clinical, and humanistic criteria. Good practices included robustness, transparency, independence, and participation. (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)
Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy - January 12, 2024 Category: Health Management Source Type: research