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Mental representations of attachment in eating disorders: a pilot study using the Adult Attachment Interview.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mental representations of attachment in a sample of adults with Eating Disorders (ED) were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Sixty subjects participated in the study: 30 non-clinical and 30 clinical. The results obtained showed a specific distribution of attachment patterns in the clinical sample: 10% Free/Autonomous (F), 47% Insecure-Dismissing (Ds), 17% Insecure-Entangled/Preoccupied (E) and about 26% disorganized (CC/U). The two samples differed in their attachment pattern distribution and were significantly different on some coding system scales. Further information was obtained by analyzing diff...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - July 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Barone L, Guiducci V Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Disorganized attachment, absorption, and new age spirituality: a mediational model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this paper, we present a theoretical model and an empirical review linking disorganized attachment with New Age spiritual beliefs and activities via a proposed mediator; the propensity to enter altered states of consciousness (absorption/dissociation). Utilizing a prospective longitudinal design (N = 62), an empirical test of the mediational model is also provided for illustrational purposes. More specifically, we tested if unresolved/disorganized (U/d) attachment scores, as identified via the Adult Attachment Interview at the first assessment point, predicted New Age spirituality 3 years later, and whether this lin...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - July 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Granqvist P, Fransson M, Hagekull B Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment to people and to objects in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory comparison of hoarders and non-hoarders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) who hoard have been posited to have an atypical emotional attachment to the inanimate objects that they pathologically accumulate, yet this hypothesis has not been formally examined using methodology from the attachment field. To explore this hypothesis, attachment to people and to inanimate objects was assessed in 30 individuals with OCD (n = 14 hoarders, n = 16 non-hoarders). Attachment was assessed using standard measures of interpersonal attachment: the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire and the Five Minute Speech Statement. These measures were adapted to evaluate in...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - July 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Nedelisky A, Steele M Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Nighttime maternal responsiveness and infant attachment at one year.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined associations between mother-infant nighttime interactions and mother-infant attachment when infants were 12 months old. Forty-four mother-infant pairs participated in this study. For three consecutive nights at home, babies were observed in their cribs using a digital video system. Mothers reported on their nighttime interactions with their babies using a self-report diary and completed a questionnaire regarding child temperament. Attachment was assessed in the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). Mothers of securely attached infants had nighttime interactions that were gener...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - July 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Higley E, Dozier M Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment organization and patterns of conflict resolution in friendships predicting adolescents' depressive symptoms over time.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examined the moderating effects of observed conflict management styles with friends on the link between adolescents' preoccupied attachment organization and changing levels of depressive symptoms from age 13 to age 18 years. Adolescents and their close friends were observed during a revealed differences task, and friends' behaviors were coded for both conflict avoidance and overpersonalizing attacks. Results indicated that preoccupied adolescents showed greater relative increases in depressive symptoms when their friends demonstrated overpersonalizing behaviors, vs. greater relative decreases in depre...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - July 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Chango JM, McElhaney KB, Allen JP Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Heroin as an attachment substitute? Differences in attachment representations between opioid, ecstasy and cannabis abusers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study compares attachment representations (Family Attachment Interview; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) of three groups of substance abusers and non-clinical controls. Heroin abusers (N = 22) were mainly fearful-avoidant, ecstasy abusers (N = 31) were preoccupied, fearful-avoidant and dismissing-avoidant, cannabis abusers (N = 19) were mainly dismissing and secure, and controls (N = 22) were mainly secure. Groups did differ in their level of psychosocial functioning (GAF) (cannabis > ecstasy > opioids). Differences in attachment prevailed when GAF was controlled. Based on the self-medication hypothesis we unde...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - May 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Schindler A, Thomasius R, Petersen K, Sack PM Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Parent relationship quality and infant-mother attachment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This project examined interrelations between father-mother conflict, father support of mother, maternal behavior, and infant-mother attachment within a sample of 79 African American families living in a highly stressed urban community. Father support of mother was not related to maternal parenting behavior or infant attachment. Conflicted mother-father relationships were associated with problematic maternal behavior, low maternal sensitivity, infant attachment insecurity, and infant attachment disorganization. The associations between parental conflict and both infant attachment disorganization and insecurity were buff...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - May 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Finger B, Hans SL, Bernstein VJ, Cox SM Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment disorganization and controlling behavior in middle childhood: maternal and child precursors and correlates.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the present study provided the first validity data for an observational measure of disorganization and control in middle childhood. PMID: 19455454 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - May 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bureau JF, Easlerbrooks MA, Lyons-Ruth K Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

The first 10,000 Adult Attachment Interviews: distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
More than 200 adult attachment representation studies, presenting more than 10,500 Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) classifications, have been conducted in the past 25 years. In a series of analyses on the distributions of the AAI classifications in various cultural and age groups, fathers, and high-risk and clinical samples, we used the distribution of the combined samples of North American non-clinical mothers (23% dismissing, 58% secure, 19% preoccupied attachment representations, and 18% additionally coded for unresolved loss or other trauma) to examine deviations from this normati...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - May 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

The association of family support and wellbeing in later life depends on adult attachment style.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study examines the association between family support and wellbeing in the elderly, paying particular attention to the possible moderating role of attachment style. Data from a community-dwelling, ethnically diverse, elderly sample (N = 1118) were analyzed to determine the best linear combination of emotional support, instrumental support, and attachment styles predicting wellbeing. Emotional support generally was associated with higher wellbeing whereas instrumental support was related to decreased wellbeing. As expected, however, these associations were qualified by attachment style. Receiving emotional s...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Merz EM, Consedine NS Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Profiles of Irish survivors of institutional abuse with different adult attachment styles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two hundred and forty seven survivors of institutional abuse in Ireland were classified with the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory as having fearful (44%), preoccupied (13%), dismissive (27%), or secure (17%) adult attachment styles. The group with the secure adult attachment style had the most positive profile, while the most negative profile occurred for the fearful group in terms of DSM IV diagnoses and scores on the Trauma Symptom Inventory, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life 100 scale, and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The profile of the pr...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Carr A, Flanagan E, Dooley B, Fitzpatrick M, Flanagan-Howard R, Shevlin M, Tierney K, White M, Daly M, Egan J Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Alexithymia and attachment insecurities in impulsive aggression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of this study were to develop a new measure of impulsive aggressiveness, and to assess whether this measure was associated with deficits in mentalized affectivity and adult attachment styles in a sample of 637 non-clinical participants. Extending Fonagy and Bateman's (2004) hypothesis, the mediating role of poor affectivity mentalization in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and impulsive aggression was also evaluated. Selected insecure attachment styles (R2(adjusted) = .18, p < .001) and deficits in mentalized affectivity (R(2)(adjusted) = .25, p < .001) were significantly associated wi...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Fossati A, Acquarini E, Feeney JA, Borroni S, Grazioli F, Giarolli LE, Franciosi G, Maffei C Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Disorganized attachment and social skills as indicators of Head Start children's school readiness skills.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The relationships among social skills, dysregulation of symbolic representations of attachment, and school readiness were examined. Participants were 74 preschool children from low-income families in Midwest America. Attachment representations and dysregulation of symbolic representations of attachment were assessed using a story completion task (George & Solomon, 2000) and teachers completed a survey of child behavior, which was used to assess social skills and school readiness skills. Dysregulated content in children's narratives and social skills were significant negative correlates of school readiness. There wa...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Stacks AM, Oshio T Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Changing attitudes towards the care of children in hospital: a new assessment of the influence of the work of Bowlby and Robertson in the UK, 1940-1970.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It is generally believed that the work of Bowlby and Robertson was new and decisive in changing the hospital conditions for young children. The fact that parents in the UK and other European countries can now visit their sick child at any time they wish or even room-in is attributed to an acquaintance with Bowlby's findings and Robertson's well-known films about the potentially detrimental effects of hospital stays for young children. In this paper we shall argue that this picture is incomplete and that, historically, things were rather more intricate. Bowlby and Robertson were neither the first nor the only researcher...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: van der Horst FC, van der Veer R Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Intergenerational pathways linking attachment security in parents and outcomes in children: a clinical commentary.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
No simple, direct equations can be drawn between attachment security and outcomes for children from the research presented in this special issue. Instead, a more complex picture emerges, and one that is likely to be convincing to clinicians. Psychotherapists, whose clinical gaze is drawn to relationship process rather than behavioral category and who need no convincing about the power of one person's subjective realities to shape those of others, will be drawn to the essentially relational conclusions of the research. This commentary observes the studies in this volume through the lens of couple psychotherapy, and sugg...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Clulow C Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Couple relationships and the family system: commentary from a behavioral systems perspective.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This commentary examines papers in this special issue on couple attachment from the behavioral systems perspective that serves as the foundation of John Bowlby's attachment theory. PMID: 19197706 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: George C Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Parental divorce and adult children's attachment representations and marital status.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to explore adult attachment as a means of understanding the intergenerational transmission of divorce, that is, the propensity for the children of divorce to end their own marriages. Participants included 157 couples assessed 3 months prior to their weddings and 6 years later. Participants completed the Adult Attachment Interview and questionnaires about their relationships, and were videotaped with their partners in a couple interaction task. Results indicated that, in this sample, adult children of divorce were not more likely to divorce within the first 6 years of marriage. However, par...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Crowell JA, Treboux D, Brockmeyer S Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An intergenerational study examined mothers' insecure attachment style using the Attachment Style Interview (ASI; Bifulco et al., 2002a) in relation to her history of partner relationships, her parenting competence, and depression or anxiety disorder in her offspring. The sample comprised 146 high-risk, mother-adolescent offspring pairs in London, who were recruited on the basis of the mothers' psychosocial vulnerability for depression. Retrospective, biographical, and clinical interviews were undertaken independently with mother and offspring. A path model was developed, which showed that mothers' insecure attachment ...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Bifulco A, Moran P, Jacobs C, Bunn A Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Perceptions of secure base provision within the family.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study examined three sets of questions about secure base provision in the context of the family, including (1) relations between inter-parental perceptions of secure base provision and parents' adult romantic attachment and marital satisfaction, (2) interrelations among family members' perception of secure base provision, and (3) links between both adolescents' and parents' perceptions of secure base provision and adolescent symptoms. Participants were 189 adolescents from two-parent families (mean age = 17 years; 118 girls) and their parents. We found partial support for theorized links between perceptions...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Woodhouse SS, Dykas MJ, Cassidy J Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Adult attachment, couple attachment, and children's adaptation to school: an integrated attachment template and family risk model.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Most attachment theorists assume that parenting style is the central mechanism linking the quality of parents' attachment with their parents and adaptation in their children. Outside the attachment tradition, family risk models assume that many family factors affect children's adaptation, chief among them being couple relationship quality. The present study tests an integrated model that considers both theoretical and empirical links between attachment theory and family risk research. Seventy-three fathers and mothers whose first child was about to make the transition to elementary school were administered the Adult At...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Cowan PA, Cowan CP, Mehta N Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Maternal adult attachment representations across relationship domains and infant outcomes: the importance of family and couple functioning.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study focused on maternal adult attachment with respect to family of origin experiences (assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview) as well as maternal marital attachment (assessed using the Marital Attachment Interview), both obtained during the prenatal period, to evaluate the extent to which accounting for family interaction patterns helps to elucidate links between mothers' adult attachment and children's attachment security. This conceptualization begins to address the complex nature of attachment within the family context, and findings suggest that family process (marital and family unit relationships) is an...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Dickstein S, Seifer R, Albus KE Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Couple relationships: a missing link between adult attachment and children's outcomes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19197700 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - January 1, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: Cowan PA, Cowan CP Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment-related mental representations: introduction to the special issue.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Bowlby's concept of mental working models of self, attachment figures, and the social world has been theoretically generative as a bridge between early relational experience and the beliefs and expectations that color later relationships. Contemporary attachment researchers, following his example, are applying new knowledge of children's conceptual development to their study of attachment-related mental representations in children and adults. The contributors to this special issue highlight recent advances in how the mental representations arising from attachment security should be conceptualized and studied, and ident...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Thompson RA Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Conversations about emotion in high-risk dyads.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Early emotional understanding is fostered by mother-child conversation in which mothers elaboratively enhance children's understanding. Little is known of the broader relational and risk factors influencing maternal discourse style, how discourse content and quality are associated with children's emotion language, and how these predict emotion understanding. In this longitudinal study of a high-risk sample, attachment security and family risks were assessed when children were 2 years old. One year later, observations of mother-child emotion conversation yielded measures of maternal discourse content and quality, and ch...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Raikes HA, Thompson RA Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Early attachment predicts emotion recognition at 6 and 11 years old.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reports on findings from a sample of 63 children at 6 years old, and 49 children at 11 years old, all from the same cohort who had been observed with mother in the Strange Situation at 1-year-old. At 6 and 11 years, the children responded to the task of providing verbal labels for line-drawn (caricatures of) emotion faces. The faces comprised the six basic emotions identified as such by Darwin (sadness, happiness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust) as well as a neutral face and two more complex (blended) emotions (mischievousness and disappointment). Infant-mother attachment was linked significantly with ch...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Steele H, Steele M, Croft C Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

The inner working model as a "theory of attachment": development during the preschool years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This investigation focuses on the ontogeny of the inner working model (IWM) of attachment during preschool age, specifically on preschoolers' knowledge about children's and caregivers' behavioral options in attachment-related situations. The study included two cross-sectional samples of children between 3 and 6 (N = 86) and 3 and 7 years (N = 95), respectively. Children's knowledge was assessed using a picture book with attachment-related stories. Findings show an increase of attachment-related knowledge with the most rapid changes from 4 to 5 years. Moreover, children had more profound knowledge about their own behavi...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Delius A, Bovenschen I, Spangler G Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Beyond the dyad: do family interactions influence children's attachment representations in middle childhood?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the influence of mother-child and family interactions on the development of child attachment representations in middle childhood for a sample of 49 families. Mother-child interactions were observed during a snacktime in a lab setting (Moss, Rousseau, Parent, St-Laurent, & Saintonge, 1998) when children were 5-6 years old. Three years later, children's attachment representations were assessed using a doll play narrative procedure (Solomon, George, & DeJong, 1995) in the lab setting. Within 6 months of the second lab visit, family interactions were filmed during mealtime and coded using the Mealti...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Dubois-Comtois K, Moss E Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Self-understanding in early childhood: associations with child attachment security and maternal negative affect.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although studies document that young children perceive themselves in psychologically-relevant ways, much remains to be understood about early self-concept development and how it is influenced by relational experience. This longitudinal study examines stability and change in the self-understanding of preschoolers, and its relation to children's security of attachment and maternal negative affect. Thirty-three children were studied with their mothers at ages 4 and 5; children's self-perceptions, attachment security, and maternal negative affect were assessed at each age. Secure attachment at 4 years old was associated wi...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Goodvin R, Meyer S, Thompson RA, Hayes R Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Maternal coherence in the Adult Attachment Interview is linked to maternal reminiscing and to children's self concept.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The role of maternal attachment representations in mother-child reminiscing and children's self concept was assessed in a sample of 31 New Zealand mothers and their 5.5-year-old children. Mothers participated in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2002) and reminisced about everyday past events with their children. Children participated in the Children's Self View Questionnaire (Eder, 1990) to measure interpersonal and intrapersonal aspects of their self concept. Maternal coherence on the AAI was positively correlated with mothers' elaborative reminiscing and with interpersonal aspects of c...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Reese E Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Shaping children's internal working models through mother-child dialogues: the importance of resolving past maternal trauma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study examined how mothers who were sexually abused as children guide conversations about emotional events with their children. We hypothesized that compared to mothers who were less resolved regarding their traumatic past, those who were more resolved would better guide such conversations. The dialogues of 33 mothers and their children were assessed using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue procedure (AEED; Koren-Karie, Oppenheim, Haimovich, & Etzion-Carasso, 2000) which yields three composite scores: Mothers' Sensitive Guidance, Child Cooperation and Exploration, and Coherent Narrative. Level of re...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - November 19, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Koren-Karie N, Oppenheim D, Getzler-Yosef R Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment security and parenting quality predict children's problem-solving, attributions, and loneliness with peers.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The influence of early relational experience on later social understanding has evoked rich theoretical discussion but relatively little empirical inquiry. Enlisting data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, measures of the security of attachment in infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood, together with measures of parenting quality (maternal sensitivity and depressive symptoms) gathered longitudinally throughout infancy and early childhood, were used to predict differences in children's thoughts and feelings about peers (i.e., social problem solving, negative attributional biases, aggressiv...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Raikes HA, Thompson RA Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Changes in maternal sensitivity across the first three years: are mothers from different attachment dyads differentially influenced by depressive symptomatology?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hierarchical linear modeling was used to describe longitudinal relations between maternal sensitivity and depressive symptomatology for mothers of children with differing attachment classifications at 36 months of child age using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Attachment during toddlerhood was assessed using a modified Strange Situation Paradigm developed by the MacArthur Working Group on Attachment. On average, maternal sensitivity increased longitudinally from 6 to 36 months for groups with children classified as secure or resistant, but not for groups classified as avoidant or disorganized. Higher ma...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Mills-Koonce WR, Gariepy JL, Sutton K, Cox MJ Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Measure twice, cut once: attachment theory and the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network has produced research findings that provide reassuring confirmation of some central tenets of attachment theory, challenges to other aspects of the theory, and above all highlight the need for attachment researchers to clarify the claims for which the theory can be held accountable. This commentary on Friedman and Boyle's excellent review evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development as a study of attachment, and highlights the relevance of these findings for understanding the origins and consequences of attachment securit...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Thompson RA Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment and non-maternal care: towards contextualizing the quantity versus quality debate.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this commentary to Friedman's and Boyle's review we focus on the context of early child care as it is reflected in the debate on the effects of quality of care versus amount of care and attachment relations. It is argued that cross-national research should be considered along with the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) in order to promote better understanding of the interface of attachment, child care, and context. In addition, some methodological issues are discussed including the status of the Strange Situation assessment, definition of non-maternal care, and longitudinal correlates of ...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Aviezer O, Sagi-Schwartz A Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment to mother and nonmaternal care: bridging the gap.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this commentary to the child-mother attachment findings of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) we focus on the contextual conditions under which child care and the child's attachment relationship(s) may function as a risk or protective factor for child development. First, the authors' conclusion concerning child care as a risk factor for attachment security is refined. Second, suggestions are provided for incorporating possible moderators and mediators of the relations between child care, child-mother attachment, and developmental outcomes. Children's attachment relationship to nonmate...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Vermeer HJ, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment in US children experiencing nonmaternal care in the early 1990s.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This review paper presents and places in context findings from 23 manuscripts based on the data sets of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). The NICHD study tracked the development of more than 1000 children from birth through age 15. The children were born across the USA to families that were diverse in terms of their economic, educational, and ethnic background. The children also varied in terms of the timing, extent, quality, and type of their child care experiences. The findings reported in this review paper pertain to (1) pre...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Friedman SL, Boyle DE Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Day care and attachment re-visited.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18821335 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Steele H Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Day care and attachment re-visited. Editorial.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 18821335 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - September 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Steele H Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Childhood temporary separation: long-term effects of the British evacuation of children during World War 2 on older adults' attachment styles.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigates long-term effects on adult attachment due to temporary childhood separation as a result of the British evacuation of children during World War 2. A total of 859 respondents, aged 62-72 years, were recruited who had childhood homes in the county of Kent during the war. Of these, 770 had been evacuated and 89 remained at home and formed a non-evacuated control group. They participated in this retrospective survey of possible associations between childhood experiences of the evacuation, early upbringing, and later life-course variables, with adult attachment style assessed by the Relationship Questionn...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Rusby JS, Tasker F Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Secure base representations for both fathers and mothers predict children's secure base behavior in a sample of Portuguese families.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Relations between fathers' and mothers' representations of attachment (independently assessed using an attachment script representation task) and children's secure base behavior (assessed using the Attachment Q-sort; AQS) were studied in 56 Portuguese families (mean age of child = 31.9 months). Each parent's secure base script representation score predicted AQS security scores for the child with that parent at approximately equivalent degrees of association. However, both parental secure base script scores and AQS security scores were positively correlated across parents. A hierarchical regression predicting AQS securi...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Monteiro L, Verissimo M, Vaughn BE, Santos AJ, Bost KK Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Representations of family relationships in children living with custodial grandparents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Children's representations of family relationships were examined in relation to grandparent responsivity and depression, family sociodemographic risks, and children's behavior problems in custodial grandparent families. Using multiple methods, data were collected from 79 families with children aged 3 to 7.5 years. In 37 families, children were raised by grandparents as the result of maternal incarceration and, in 42 families, children lived with grandparents because of other parental problems. Results indicated that children with representations of less optimal family relationships and children whose grandparents were ...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Poehlmann J, Park J, Bouffiou L, Abrahams J, Shlafer R, Hahn E Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment in adults with high-functioning autism.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study assessed attachment security in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders, using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996). Of 20 participants, three were classified as securely attached, the same proportion as would be expected in a general clinical sample. Participants' AAIs were less coherent and lower in reflective function than those of controls, who were matched for attachment status and mood disorder. A parallel interview suggested that some aspects of participants' responses were influenced by their general discourse style, while other AAI scale scores appeared t...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Taylor EL, Target M, Charman T Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment and peer relations in adolescence.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this investigation was to examine whether adolescent attachment representation (as assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview) is linked to the quality of adolescents' peer relations (as assessed using a standard battery of peer-report instruments tapping adolescents' social behaviors, peer victimization, social acceptance, and sociometric status). As expected, secure/autonomous adolescents were more likely than insecure/dismissing adolescents to be perceived as behaving prosocially, and less likely to be perceived as aggressive, shy-withdrawn, and victimized by peers. Other findings indicated that insecu...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Dykas MJ, Ziv Y, Cassidy J Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Does intergenerational transmission of trauma skip a generation? No meta-analytic evidence for tertiary traumatization with third generation of Holocaust survivors.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a series of meta-analyses with the second generation of Holocaust survivors, no evidence for secondary traumatization was found (Van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & Sagi-Schwartz, 2003). With regard to third generation traumatization, various reports suggest the presence of intergenerational transmission of trauma. Some scholars argue that intergenerational transmission of trauma might skip a generation. Therefore, we focus in this study on the transmission of trauma to the third generation offspring (the grandchildren) of the first generation's traumatic Holocaust experiences (referred to as "tertiary traum...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - June 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Sagi-Schwartz A, van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment and problem behavior of adolescents during residential treatment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Attachment theory suggests that representations of previous attachment experiences may explain differences in psychosocial functioning. However, the nature of the association in clinical populations is unclear. Attachment representations were classified on the basis of Adult Attachment Interviews with 61 adolescents (13-20 years old; 70% female) admitted to a residential treatment institution. Group care workers rated their problem behavior. Compared to dismissing and autonomous adolescents and adolescents unresolved/disorganized with respect to trauma, adolescents with preoccupied attachment representations showed the...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Zegers MA, Schuengel C, Van IJzendoorn MH, Janssens JM Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Maternal depression: relations with maternal caregiving representations and emotional availability during the preschool years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that mothers' representational models are affected by cognitive distortions associated with depression, and these distortions interfere with a mother's capacity to interact sensitively with her child. PMID: 18351495 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Trapolini T, Ungerer JA, McMahon CA Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment styles, traumatic events, and PTSD: a cross-sectional investigation of adult attachment and trauma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adult attachment in a young adult population. A sample of 328 Danish students (mean age 29.2 years) from four different schools of intermediate education level were studied by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), the Crisis Support Scale (CSS), the Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), and the World Assumption Scale (WAS). Attachment styles were associated with number of PTSD symptoms, negative affectivity, somatization, emotional cop...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: O'Connor M, Elklit A Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Attachment organization in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Attachment organization in a combat-related PTSD sample was investigated and compared with previously published clinical and non-clinical samples. The association between insecure attachment and unresolved mourning classification (U-loss) and between U-loss and PTSD symptoms was investigated. Vietnam combat veterans diagnosed with PTSD and in treatment (N = 48) were administered the Adult Attachment Interview, the SCID-IV, and CAPS. The PTSD sample was like non-clinical samples in the incidence of secure attachment (50%), but were more commonly unresolved. Veterans with insecure attachment organizations were more likel...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Nye EC, Katzman J, Bell JB, Kilpatrick J, Brainard M, Haaland KY Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Independent influences upon mother-toddler role reversal: infant-mother attachment disorganization and role reversal in mother's childhood.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In role reversal a child takes an inappropriate parental, spousal, or peer role with the caregiver. The study assessed attachment disorganization with mother in infancy in the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) and role reversal at 2 years old in videotaped mother-child interactions. By closely observing role reversal at this early age, results fill in the picture concerning the link between disorganized infant-mother attachment and controlling role reversal at 6 years old (Main & Cassidy, 1988; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). As hypothesized, infant-mother disorganization significa...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Macfie J, Fitzpatrick KL, Rivas EM, Cox MJ Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals

Insecurity, stress, and symptoms of psychopathology: contrasting results from self-reports versus interviews of adult attachment.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report was designed to clarify links among self-reports of psychiatric symptomatology, stress, and adult attachment insecurity, as operationalized using measures drawn from both the developmental and social psychological literatures. Based on a sample of 160 college students, this study demonstrated that insecurity reflected in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was associated with self-reports of psychiatric symptomatology principally for individuals experiencing high levels of life stress (consistent with a diathesis-stress model) whereas self-reports of attachment-related avoidance and anxiety correlated robustly...
Source: Attachment and Human Development - March 1, 2008 Category: Child Development Authors: Fortuna K, Roisman GI Tags: Attach Hum Dev Source Type: journals