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(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Impaired autonomic cardiovascular function and elevated blood pressure in elderly members of a high-altitude Himalayan valley communityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Focusing on chrono-ecology, we studied physiological parameters of blood circulation in subjects residing at high altitude in Leh, in a Himalayan valley, and compared them with those of Japanese who were resident in a U-town. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Takahiro Kawasaki Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Attentional modulation of event-related potentials examined for a visual oddball task performed continuously for a period of 150 sEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in eleven normal subjects with 95% correct performance to a total of 100 stimuli lasting 150 s, divided into four blocks (A1/A2/B1/B2). Each block lasted 38 s and included 5 rare target stimuli (r-T), 5 rare non-target stimuli (r-NT), and 15 frequent non-target stimuli (f-NT). Block A consisted of blocks A1 and A2. Block B consisted of blocks B1 and B2. Two-way ANOVA was applied to ERPs with two factors, “block” and “electrode position.” We found a larger amplitude for block A than for block B in P1 to f-NT, in N1 to both r-T and f-NT, and in P1/N1 to both r-T ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chuan Wei Wang, Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa, Shu Omoto, Yasuhisa Baba, Yume Suzuki Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Effect of electro-acupuncture on heart rate variability and gastric emptying in ovariectomized conscious ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To clarify the effects of electro-acupuncture to the hindpaw on menopausal distress, we studied electrocardiography (ECG) recordings for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and gastric emptying, in ovariectomized conscious rats. Four weeks after ovariectomy, ECG was recorded in 13- and 14-week-old rats for analysis of the heart rate variability. Gastric emptying was measured five weeks after ovariectomy. Electro-acupuncture was done by stimulating bilaterally the ST-36 point once a week from four weeks after ovariectomy. After ovariectomy we detected both a decrease of the heart rate and a decrease of the LF/HF component...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sazu Yoshimoto, Kenji Imai, Reina Taguchi, Hiroshi Taniguchi, Hiroshi Kitakoji Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

A psychosomatic study on postural tachycardia syndrome among anxiety disorder patients with vertigoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Using patient questionnaires and standing test, we clinically studied, the relationship between postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and mental disorders in patients with anxiety disorder. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ui Yamada, Masahiro Hashizume, Daisuke Ohta, Koji Tsuboi Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Heart rate variability: Effect of aging and relationship with psychosomatic complaints in womenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Subjects were 291 physically healthy women aged 19–81 years, who presented no organic disease but had psychosomatic complaints; the subjects were divided into six groups by decade age. Frequency domain analysis for short-term stationary R–R intervals by active tracer showed the following results: very-low-frequency power (VLF: 0.003–0.04 Hz), low-frequency power (LF: 0.04–0.15 Hz), and high-frequency power (HF: 0.15–0.40 Hz), the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF). (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yuka Goto, Mikiya Nakatsuka, Hiroyuki Okuda Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Correlation between social desirability and autonomic nervous function under goal-oriented stress (mental arithmetic) with consideration of parental attitudeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We studied the correlation between parental attitude in early life and youth, social desirability, and autonomic nervous function under acute goal-oriented stress involving mental arithmetic. Subjects were 59 healthy male and female adult volunteers who were tested on the manifest anxiety scale, including the lie scale that indicates social desirability. The subjects were subsequently assigned to either a firm or a non-firm social desirability group. The subjects also completed the early life, youth, and adulthood experiences inventory, which included parental attitudes such as “praised by parents” and “scolded by pa...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Riichiro Ishida Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Electrical acupuncture reduces the inhibitory effect of butylscopolamine on gastric motilityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Electrical acupuncture of lower limb ST36 point reportedly facilitates gastric activity in healthy subjects. We studied the effect of this stimulation on butylscopolamine-induced inhibition of gastric motility in healthy subjects. Physiological post-prandial gastric activity was observed for 30 min after food ingestion (Ensure liquid(tm), 1.5 ml/kg of body weight (BW) and water, 1.5 ml/kg BW) with continuous ultrasonographic recordings (B-mode, 5 MHz convex probe) of the gastric antrum and external electrogastrography (EGG) for 40 min in 10 healthy subjects (control group). Butylscopolamine (4 μg/kg BW) was administ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nauru Shimizu, Eiichi Chihara Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Sweating from footpads measured by simplified patch correlates with cardiovascular autonomic response in dogsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To determine the relationship between canine stress and sweating, we analyzed unstressed and stressed cardiovascular autonomic function and sweating from dog footpads as determined by trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) using skin patches. Skin patch color changed in response to water content in sweat, and this enabled us to assay TEWL from awake free-moving dogs. In the first experiment, electrocardiography (ECG) and TEWL were recorded from laboratory beagles before and after the animals were allowed to move freely for 20–30 min. Both heart rate and TEWL were lower at the second measurement, that is after the beagles had...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hiroshi Yamamoto, Mao Van Can, Eriko Hamade, Hideharu Yokoi, Satoshi Ohtsuka, Etsuro Hori, Katsumi Umeno, Hisao Nishijo Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Central actions of orexin-A on hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus activity in conscious, freely moving ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We showed that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of orexins increases arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and sympathetic outflow in conscious rats. Orexins have been reported to be important mediators in several physiological functions such as feeding behavior, energy expenditure, and the awake–sleep cycle. To examine the possible effects of orexins on the neural activity of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, an integrative center of the autonomic and endocrine functions related to intero- and exteroceptive stress responses, we simultaneously recorded ABP, HR, and single-unit a...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nan-Shou Yu, Takato Kunitake, Hiroshi Kannan Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Blood pressure variation in the Kazakhs of Xinjiang, China, and its frequency analysis: Non-dipper type hypertension and ultradian rhythmEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Non-dipper-type variation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertension were more prevalent than the dipper-type variation among the Kazakhs of the province of Xinjiang, China, in a cross-sectional survey of the population. To analyze the time structure and causes of the non-dipper-type of the SBP variation, we examined how it differed in the Kazakhs and the Hans. All subjects of both ethnic groups were admitted to local healthcare facilities for 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV). The circadian variation of the SBP was analyzed using the maximum entropy...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hiroshi Kawamura, Hiromi Mitsubayashi, Yukio Ozawa, Yoichi Izumi, Yuji Kasamaki, Atsushi Shinndo, Masakatsu Ohta, Hiroaki Shimabukuro, Tomohiro Nakayama, Zuhen Cheng, Masum Mahamut Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Japanese herbal medicine goshuyuto prevents migraine and reduces cutaneous electro-conductivity: Two case reportsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: We investigated the relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and migraine, and the effect of goshuyuto, a Japanese herbal (kampo) medicine for migraine used in Japan. Some of the ingredients of goshuyuto have been shown to inhibit sympathetic activity. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of goshuyuto preventing migraine by inhibiting sympathetic activity, on the basis of the evidence of two cases. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Keishi Fujita, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Takao Kamezaki, Akira Matsumura Tags: Abstracts: The Japanese Autonomic Nervous System Source Type: journals

Relationship between exercise capacity and heart rate variability: Supine and in response to an orthostatic stressorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The study investigated whether supine-measured HRV indicators, and/or HRV indicators measured during orthostatic stress are related to conventional measures of exercise and performance ability such as VO2max. Only two significant correlations (p (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Catharina C. Grant, Jimmy R. Clark, Dina C. Janse van Rensburg, Margaretha Viljoen Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

The Hurst exponent of cardiac response to positive and negative emotional film stimuli using waveletEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the Hurst exponent of heart rate time series and its relation with the subjective measures of valence and arousal in two groups of subjects. The electrocardiogram (ECG) and the subjective valence and arousal were measured during the administration of emotional film stimuli (happiness, sadness, anger and fear). The results showed that there is a difference in the Hurst exponent for the happiness and sadness conditions but not between the negative emotion conditions (sadness, anger and fear). This seems to indicate that the Hurst exponent is an indicator of subjective valence. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tommaso Costa, Dario Galati, Elena Rognoni Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Inhibitory regulation of blood pressure by manual acupuncture in the anesthetized ratEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Effect of manual acupuncture (twisting; lifting and thrusting; combination of them) at acupoints Nei-guan (PL-6) in the fore limb and Zu-san-li (ST-36) in the hind limb on mean arterial blood pressure was investigated in anesthetized rats. During acupuncture treatment mean arterial blood pressure was decreased but fluctuated in intact rats, intensively decreased after vagotomy and completely abolished after spinalization. The depressor response was significantly higher with combination treatment than others at PL-6, rather than at ST-36. Results suggest that manual acupuncture at either PL-6 or ST-36 can reduce b...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas Friedemann, Weimin Li, Zhijun Wang Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Adenosine modulates alpha2-adrenergic receptors through a phospholipase C pathway in brainstem cell culture of ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this result might be important to understand the role of adenosine within the NTS regarding autonomic cardiovascular control. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Daniel Carneiro Carrettiero, Sergio Marinho da Silva, Débora Rejane Fior-Chadi Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Influence of bariatric surgery on indices of cardiac autonomic controlEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study therefore sought to assess longitudinal changes in indices of cardiac autonomic control following two types of bariatric procedure, laparascopic gastric banding (LGB) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD).Methods: Eleven morbidly obese subjects aged 47.8±7.9years (mean±SD) with BMI 48.2±6.9kg·m-2 underwent weight-reduction surgery: five received BPD and six received LGB. Holter ECG was recorded and HRV was quantified together with a QT variability index (QTVI), a complexity index (SampEn), and a fractal (scaling) index (DFAα). Repeated measures ANOVA compared the indices for the two groups as a function of ti...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: I. Alam, M.J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, J.W. Stephens, J.N. Baxter Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Direct and consensual murine pupillary reflex metrics: Establishing normative valuesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Pupillometry is a non-invasive technique, based on well-established neurophysiologic principles, that can be utilized to objectively characterize pathophysiologic demyelinating and neurodegenerative changes involving the pupillary reflex pathway. In animal models of human disorders, pupillometry derived reflex metrics could potentially be used to longitudinally monitor disease activity and responses to pharmacotherapies. These investigations would have important implications for translational initiatives focused on the identification and application of novel neuroprotective and restorative treatments for human di...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Rehana Z. Hussain, Steven C. Hopkins, Elliot M. Frohman, Todd N. Eagar, Petra C. Cravens, Benjamin M. Greenberg, Steven Vernino, Olaf Stüve Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Alpha-1 adrenoceptor stimulation triggers axon-reflex vasodilatation in human skinEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-treatment of human skin with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist terazosin would block vasoconstrictor responses and axon-reflex vasodilatation to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine. Drugs were administered by iontophoresis into the skin of the forearm of 15 healthy participants, and skin blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flow probe at the site of methoxamine iontophoresis (to monitor direct vasoconstrictor responses) or 5–10mm from the site of methoxamine iontophoresis (to monitor axon-reflex vasodilatation). Experimental sites were pre-treated w...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter D. Drummond Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic dysfunction in Wilson's disease—Limited correlation with clinical severityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Background: Wilson's disease, a disorder of copper metabolism, results in abnormal accumulation of copper in liver, brain, kidney and cornea giving rise to protean manifestations. Wilson's disease predominantly affects the basal ganglia and brain stem nuclei which may cause autonomic dysfunction. Disturbances of autonomic nervous system have not received attention in Wilson's disease due to its rarity.The aim of this study was to evaluate autonomic cardiovascular reflexes in patients of Wilson's disease and to look for any relationship between autonomic nervous system disturbances and clinical severity of Wilson'...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dilip Soni, Garima Shukla, Sumit Singh, Vinay Goyal, Madhuri Behari Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Low frequency component in systolic arterial pressure variability in patients with persistent atrial fibrillationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia characterized by irregular ventricular response. During AF, beat-to-beat variability of arterial pressure (AP) is increased because of continuous changes in filling time, stroke volume and contractility.Only a few studies have analyzed short-term AP variability during AF but they were mainly focused on the effects of respiration. We therefore analyzed short-term systolic (S), diastolic (D) and mean (M) AP variability by autoregressive method and an FFT-based spectral estimation (Welch periodogram) in 26 patients with persistent AF before and after restoration of sin...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Luca Mainardi, Valentina Corino, Sebastiano Belletti, Paolo Terranova, Federico Lombardi Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Effect of temporal relationship between respiration and body motion on motion sicknessEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the effect controlling the phase of respiration on the development of nausea provoked by periodic motion at 0.2Hz which is maximal for provocation of motion sickness.Methods: Subjects were exposed to 60° peak–peak, pitch backwards from upright motion while viewing a video of the environment with 180° phase delay. Motion duration was a maximum of 30min and frequency was set to match individuals' spontaneous respiration. Conditions were: A, spontaneous breathing; B, inspiration cued to begin when head-down; C, inspiration cued to begin when upright; D, inspiration cued with a ±18° desynchronizin...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Denise, A. Vouriot, H. Normand, J.F. Golding, M.A. Gresty Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Enteric co-innervation of esophageal striated muscle fibers: A phylogenetic studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the bat Glossophaga soricina and the shrew Suncus murinus as representatives for phylogenetically old mammals. As ruminants the antelope Tragelaphus imberbis, the he-goat Capra falconeri and the sheep Ovis aries were selected. As non-mammals the clawed frog Xenopus laevis as representative for the taxon amphibian and the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss as representative for the taxon fish were included. Histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase as well as immunofluorescence for vasoactive intestinal peptide and α-bungarotoxin were used to demonstrate e...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Christina Hempfling, Ralf Seibold, Takahiko Shiina, Wolfgang Heimler, Winfried L. Neuhuber, Jürgen Wörl Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Age-related changes in functional NANC innervation with VIP and substance P in the jejunum of Lewis ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Age-related changes in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmission might contribute to differences in gastrointestinal motility. Our aim was to determine age-related changes in functional innervation with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (Sub P) in rat jejunum. We hypothesized that maturation causes changes in neurotransmission with these two neuropeptides. Longitudinal and circular jejunal muscle strips from young (3 months) and middle-aged (15 months) rats (total: 24 rats) were studied; the response to exogenous VIP and Sub P and the effect of their endogenous release from ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael S. Kasparek, Javairiah Fatima, Corey W. Iqbal, Judith A. Duenes, Michael G. Sarr Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Interaction of purinergic and nitrergic mechanisms in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii of ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The interaction of purinergic and nitrergic mechanisms was evaluated in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) using awake animals and brainstem slices. In awake animals, ATP (1.25 nmol/50 nL) was microinjected into the cNTS before and after the microinjection of a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor N-propyl-l-arginine (NPLA, 3 pmoles/50 nL, n=8) or vehicle (saline, n=4), and cardiovascular and ventilatory parameters were recorded. In brainstem slices from a distinct group of rats, the effects of ATP on the NO concentration in the cNTS using the fluorescent dye DAF-2 DA were evalua...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Érica M. Granjeiro, Gisela P. Pajolla, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonça, Benedito H. Machado Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

The enhancing effect of propofol anesthesia on skeletal muscle mechanoreflex in conscious catsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that a muscle mechanosensitive reflex is suppressed in the conscious condition, we examined the effect of propofol anesthesia on the cardiovascular responses to passive mechanical stretch of the hindlimb triceps surae muscle in five conscious cats. The triceps surae muscle was manually stretched for 30 s by extending the hip and knee joints and subsequently by dorsiflexing the ankle joint. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) slightly increased or decreased during passive mechanical stretch of the muscle in the conscious condition. At 5–17 min after intravenously admin...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kanji Matsukawa, Tomoko Nakamoto, Akito Kadowaki, Manami Shimizu, Nan Liang, Kana Endo Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Differential control of collagen synthesis by the sympathetic and renin–angiotensin systems in the rat left ventricleEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: In the present study, we tested the hypothesis of the indirect (via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)) and direct (via AT1 receptors) contributions of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on the synthesis of collagen types I and III in the left ventricle (LV) in vivo. Sympathectomy and blockade of the Ang II receptor AT1 were performed alone or in combination in normotensive rats. The mRNA and protein synthesis of collagen types I and III were examined by Q-RT-PCR and immunoblotting in the LV.Collagen types I and III mRNA were decreased respectively by 53% and 22% after sympathectomy and only collagen type I mRNA was incre...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Houcine Dab, Rafik Hachani, Wassim Hodroj, Mohsen Sakly, Giampiero Bricca, Kamel Kacem Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Vagus nerve stimulation-induced bradyarrhythmias in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The autonomic consequences of seizures can be severe. Death can follow from autonomic overactivity that causes a parasympathetically mediated bradyarrhythmia. We studied the cardiovascular consequences of unilateral and bilateral stimulation of the distal segments of transected vagus nerve in rats anesthetized with urethane. The range of stimulation rates tested is comparable to the firing rates observed in vagus nerve during seizures. There was a consistent inverse relation between stimulus rate and heart rate with nodal block appearing at 5–10Hz and minimum HR levels (cardiac standstill) occurring at 50Hz. Ca...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Harumi Hotta, Jason Lazar, Rena Orman, Kiyomi Koizumi, Kanako Shiba, Haroon Kamran, Mark Stewart Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Localization of NADPH oxidase in sympathetic and sensory ganglion neurons and perivascular nerve fibersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Superoxide anion (O2−•) production was previously reported to be increased in celiac ganglia (CG) during DOCA–salt hypertension, possibly via activation of the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. This suggested a role for neuronal NADPH oxidase in autonomic neurovascular control. However, the expression and localization of NADPH oxidase in the peripheral neurons are not fully known. The purpose of this study was to examine the subcellular localization of NADPH oxidase in sympathetic and sensory ganglion neurons and perivascular nerve fibers. In rat CG, p22phox and neuropepti...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xian Cao, Stacie L. Demel, Mark T. Quinn, James J. Galligan, David Kreulen Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in spinally projecting neurons are involved in CRF-induced sympathetic activationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain has been shown to stimulate sympathetic activity, leading to elevations of blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels and neuronal activation of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. We previously reported that brain cyclooxygenase (COX), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of prostanoids, is involved in centrally administered CRF-induced sympathetic activation in rats. Therefore, the present study was designed to reveal the effect of centrally administered CRF (1.5nmol/animal) on the expression of COX isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2, in spi...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Naoko Yamaguchi, Shoshiro Okada Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Paraventricular nucleus mediates pressor response to noradrenaline injection into the dorsal periaqueductal gray areaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The dorsal periaqueductal gray area (dPAG) is involved in cardiovascular modulation. In a previous study, we reported that noradrenaline (NA) microinjection into the dPAG of rats caused pressor response that was mediated by vasopressin release. Vasopressin is synthesized by magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. In the present study, we verified which nuclei mediated the cardiovascular response to NA as well as the existence of direct neural projection from the dPAG to hypothalamic nuclei. Then, we studied the effect of treating either PVN or SON with the nons...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gislaine G. Pelosi, Rodrigo F. Tavares, Cristiane Busnardo, Fernando M.A. Corrêa Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Highlights in clinical autonomic neurosciencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sorajja, D., Nesbitt, G.C., Hodge, D.O., Low, P.A., Hammill, S.C., Gersh, B.J., Shen, W.K. (Rochester, Minnesota, USA). 2009. Syncope while driving: Clinical characteristics, causes, and prognosis. Circulation 120, 928–934. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Satish R. Raj Tags: Highlights Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - November 2, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Notes to AuthorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Enteric nervous system development: Recent progress and future challengesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The enteric nervous system is the largest subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that plays a critical role in digestive functions. Despite considerable progress over the last 15years in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the development of the enteric nervous system, several questions remain unanswered. The present review will focus on recent progress on understanding the development of the mammalian enteric nervous system and highlight interesting directions of future research. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cátia Laranjeira, Vassilis Pachnis Source Type: journals

Neurotrophins and target interactions in the development and regulation of sympathetic neuron electrical and synaptic propertiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The electrical and synaptic properties of neurons are essential for determining the function of the nervous system. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that control the appropriate developmental acquisition and maintenance of these properties is a critical problem in neuroscience. A great deal of our understanding of these developmental mechanisms comes from studies of soluble growth factor signaling between cells in the peripheral nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system has provided a model for studying the role of these factors both in early development and in the establishment of mature properties. In pa...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jason A. Luther, Susan J. Birren Source Type: journals

Extracellular signals regulating sympathetic neuron survival and target innervation during developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The comparative ease with which paravertebral sympathetic neurons are studied in vitro and in vivo at stages throughout their development has facilitated major advances in our understanding of several key aspects of neuronal development. Detailed anatomical descriptions of the in vivo development of these neurons, studies of the effects of various extracellular signalling molecules on these neurons in vitro and analysis of the sympathetic phenotype of relevant transgenic mice have provided an in-depth understanding of how different extracellular signals orchestrate sequential steps in the establishment and refine...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alun M. Davies Source Type: journals

Development of neurotransmitter phenotypes in sympathetic neuronsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: This review summarizes the current understanding of neurotransmitter phenotype specification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, focusing, in particular, on the cellular processes of induction versus trans-differentiation. The emerging evidence is discussed that the noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter phenotypes are co-induced during early development and that the mature phenotypes develop by positive and negative selection of cellular properties in initially bimodal neurons, depending on extracellular signals during migration and after target contact. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Galina Apostolova, Georg Dechant Source Type: journals

Generating diversity: Mechanisms regulating the differentiation of autonomic neuron phenotypesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervate a wide range of target tissues. The subpopulation of neurons innervating each target tissue can express unique combinations of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, ion channels and receptors, which together comprise the chemical phenotype of the neurons. The target-specific chemical phenotype shown by autonomic postganglionic neurons arises during development. In this review, we examine the different mechanisms that generate such a diversity of neuronal phenotypes from the pool of apparently homogenous neural crest progenitor cells that form the sympat...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K.N. Cane, C.R. Anderson Source Type: journals

The development of the chromaffin cell lineage from the neural crestEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Chromaffin cells are neuroendocrine cells, which are highly specialized for the synthesis and release of multiple hormones. Like sympathetic neurons, which are essential, inter alia, for neural control of vascular tone, they are derivatives of the neural crest, a transient structure at the dorsal surface of the embryonic neural tube. Chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons have many features in common, but are also distinct in several respects. This review provides a summary of similarities and differences regarding the development of chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons, viewed from molecular and morphologi...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katrin Huber, Chaya Kalcheim, Klaus Unsicker Source Type: journals

The migration of autonomic precursor cells in the embryoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The neural crest is an excellent model system to study cell fate and cell guidance signaling. Neural crest cells emerge from a common multipotent subpopulation and follow stereotypical migratory pathways to contribute to many diverse peripheral structures throughout the vertebrate embryo. The neural tube and diverse embryonic microenvironments from which the neural crest originate and migrate through are important sources of signals, yet it is still unclear how a common pool of neural crest stem and progenitor cells diversify and become distributed along specific stereotypical migratory paths. In the post-otic hi...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Paul M. Kulesa, Frances Lefcort, Jennifer C. Kasemeier-Kulesa Source Type: journals

Development of the autonomic nervous system: New perspectives and open questionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The study of the autonomic nervous system has significantly contributed to the amazing progress in developmental neuroscience. Unravelling the importance of nerve growth factor for survival and growth of peripheral neurons () may be considered as the key observations on the way to the molecular analysis of neural development. Manipulation of neurotrophin signalling in vivo and in vitro demonstrated its involvement in multiple aspects of sympathetic neuron development including survival, neurite outgrowth and phenotypic differentiation (). In the enteric nervous system, a comparable diverse role has been shown for ret signa...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Uwe Ernsberger, Hermann Rohrer Source Type: journals

Editorial BoardEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - October 19, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Notes to AuthorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Hyposialorrhea as an early manifestation of Parkinson diseaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We sought to determine whether hyposialorrhea is an early manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD). We measured basal and citric acid stimulated secretion of whole saliva in 20 patients with early stage (Hoehn–Yahr I–II) PD who had motor symptoms for less than 1 year and were on no medication and 11 age matched controls. Compared to controls, PD patients had significant reduction of both basal (0.0964±0.08 vs 0.293±0.112 ml/min, p (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M.G. Cersósimo, O.R. Tumilasci, G.B. Raina, E.E. Benarroch, E.M. Cardoso, F. Micheli, J.H. Pazo Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Effect of mood during daily life on autonomic nervous activity balance during subsequent sleepEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: RR-interval and eight types of mood level were recorded for 48 h from 40 normal male subjects. Sympathovagal balance was evaluated by calculating the normalized high-frequency power (HFnu) of RR-interval variability. The mean mood levels during 6 h before bedtime and the mean HFnu during 3 h after bedtime were compared. The data were normalized individually and the differences from the first night (Δmood and ΔHFnu) were taken. The correlation coefficient between Δdepression and ΔHFnu was −0.53, and that between Δworry and ΔHFnu was −0.44. This implies that both daily depression and worry shift toward...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kohzoh Yoshino, Katsunori Matsuoka Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Psychosocial stress-related changes in gene expression of norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes in stellate ganglia of adult ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated the changes in norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) gene expression in the stellate ganglia of naive controls and long-term socially isolated (12 weeks) adult rats and the response of these animals to additional immobilization stress. Psychosocial stress produced a significant increase of both TH mRNA and DBH mRNA levels in stellate ganglia. Additional immobilization of long-term psychosocially stressed rats expressed no effect on gene expression of these enzymes. The results presented he...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ljubica Gavrilovic, Natasa Spasojevic, Sladjana Dronjak Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Prenatal high salt programs enhanced sympathoadrenal activation of the cardiovascular response to restraintEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: We recently reported that feeding Sprague Dawley rats a high-salt diet during pregnancy programmed an exaggerated pressor and tachycardic response to restraint in adult female offspring. In the present investigation, a pharmacologic approach was used to determine the contribution of the sympathoadrenal system to the exaggerated response. Injection of a cocktail containing a ganglionic blocker (chlorisondamine) and a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol) prevented the stress-induced tachycardia and increase in blood pressure and abolished the difference between high-salt and normal-salt offspring. These data su...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: James P. Porter, Summer H. King Tags: Basic Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Association of N-type calcium channel autoimmunity in patients with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antibody directly contributes to the autonomic dysfunction in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG). The pathological mechanism leading to autonomic dysfunction in seronegative AAG is unclear. We evaluated patients with presumed antibody negative AAG (n=49) to determine whether there was an association with other autoantibodies. Three patients met the clinical criteria and were positive for N-type calcium channel antibodies. All patients had severe autonomic dysfunction characterized by orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal involvement. Autonomic testing rev...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kurt Kimpinski, Valeria Iodice, Steve Vernino, Paola Sandroni, Phillip A. Low Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals

Evaluation of autonomic malfunction in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in HAM patients is mainly associated with cardiac sympathetic efferent abnormalities in the upper thoracic segments. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - September 4, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nagato Kuriyama, Fumitoshi Niwa, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kei Yamada, Takahiko Tokuda, Toshiki Mizuno, Masanori Nakagawa Tags: Clinical Autonomic Neuroscience Source Type: journals