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Avian encephalomyelitis virus in reared pheasants: a case study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An outbreak of neurological disease occurred in pheasant chicks on a game farm in 2007. The disease was first seen in the 10th hatching of chicks on the farm. Affected chicks showed trembling and incoordination from the time of hatching, and subsequently blindness and cataract formation was seen in some of the affected chicks at 3 weeks of age. The peak mortality and culling figure was 21.0% in the worst affected hatch, compared with a maximum of 11.7% in the first nine hatches. No further cases were evident by 7.5 weeks of age. Histopathological examination showed a moderate acute encephalomyelitis in some, but not al...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Welchman Dde B, Cox WJ, Gough RE, Wood AM, Smyth VJ, Todd D, Spackman D Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Preliminary study for evaluation of avian influenza virus inactivation in contaminated poultry products using electron beam irradiation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was designed to evaluate the applicability of high-energy (10 MeV) E-beam irradiation to inactivate AIV and reduce virus loads in egg products and poultry meat. Commercially available egg-white and ground turkey meat samples were spiked with the low-pathogenic A/chicken/TX/2002 H5N3 AIV and exposed to varying doses of high-energy E-beam irradiation in increments ranging from 0 kGy to 8 kGy. The viral titres in irradiated samples showed a linear dose-dependent reduction. The dose required to achieve 90% reduction (i.e. the D (10) value) of viable AIV loads was 2.3 kGy in phosphate buffer, 1.6 kGy in egg-white and...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Brahmakshatriya V, Lupiani B, Brinlee JL, Cepeda M, Pillai SD, Reddy SM Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Salpingitis in geese associated with Mycoplasma sp. strain 1220.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
An outbreak of disease in a White Rhine laying goose flock was characterized by increased water uptake, increased mortality, production of eggs with abnormal shells, a 25% drop in egg production and 40% embryo mortality. Affected dead or sacrificed birds had sero-fibrinogranulocytic peritonitis and salpingitis, infiltration of the lamina propria in the uterus and heterophil granulocytes in the isthmus and magnum of the oviduct. Mycoplasmas, mainly identified as Mycoplasma sp. strain 1220, were isolated from the airsac, liver, ovary, magnum and peritoneum of some affected geese. Strain 1220 was originally isolated from ...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Dobos-Kovács M, Varga Z, Czifra G, Stipkovits L Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Recombinant subunit vaccine elicits protection against goose haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Outbreaks of haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese (HNEG) have been reported in goose flocks in Hungary, Germany and France since 1969. HNEG is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates in geese 3 to 10 weeks of age. The causative agent of HNEG is the goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), which has a circular double-stranded DNA genome encoding the structural proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. In vitro culture of GHPV has been problematic, so the baculovirus system was used to construct a recombinant virus expressing the VP1 gene of GHPV under control of the polyhedrin promoter in Sf9 insect cells. The expr...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Mató T, Pénzes Z, Rueda P, Vela C, Kardi V, Zolnai A, Misák F, Palya V Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Squamous cell carcinoma with presence of poxvirus-like inclusions in the foot of a pink-backed pelican (Pelecanus rufescens).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or avian keratoacanthoma is a neoplastic skin lesion of unknown aetiology that has been well described in birds. Some studies have reported that poxviruses may contribute to the onset of SCC. Here we describe a case of SCC on the underside of a pelican's foot. Histologically, the tumour consisted of irregular cords of pleomorphic epithelial cells that invaded the adjacent tissues. Additionally, keratinized epithelial cells and moderate numbers of keratin pearls were observed. Intracytoplasmic inclusions, a characteristic of this virus, were observed in some of these cells, and viral partic...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Pesaro S, Biancani B, Fabbrizi G, Rossi G Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Oral infection of turkeys with in vitro-cultured Histomonas meleagridis results in high mortality.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In the present study a well-defined clonal culture of Histomonas meleagridis was used to investigate whether turkeys can be infected orally with in vitro-propagated parasites in the absence of any vector. Therefore, two subsequent experiments were arranged to study the morbidity and mortality of a virulent strain of histomonads in turkeys following crop instillation of protozoa and a feed restriction for 5 h. Soon after infection, the parasites triggered total morbidity and mortality in a group of 14 turkeys, of which 10 birds were orally infected and the others were kept as in-contact birds. Administration of the same...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Liebhart D, Hess M Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Comparative analysis of the effect of glycyrrhizin diammonium and lithium chloride on infectious bronchitis virus infection in vitro.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of glycyrrhizin diammonium (GD) and lithium chloride (LiCl) on cell infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were investigated using cytopathic effect observation, plaque-reduction assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The anti-viral effect of GD and LiCl on virus, on virus-infected cells or on cells pre-treated by both drugs was analysed, respectively. Our results showed that GD had a direct antiviral activity, leading to complete inhibition of cell infection. The cell infection was not alleviated by either pre-treatment of cells with GD or addition of the drug post infecti...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Li J, Yin J, Sui X, Li G, Ren X Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Identification of iron-acquisition proteins of Avibacterium paragallinarum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
When Avibacterium paragallinarum reference strain 0083 (serovar A) was grown in an iron-restricted culture medium, the expression of the 60, 68 and 93 kDa outer membrane proteins increased as compared with normal media. Sera of chickens experimentally infected with Av. paragallinarum recognized these iron-restriction induced proteins, suggesting their expression in vivo. The three outer membrane proteins were identified as transferrin receptor and iron transport proteins by mass spectroscopy and a search in sequence databases. As these proteins have been reported to be regulated by the Fur protein in many bacteria, we ...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Abascal EN, Guerra AC, Vázquez AS, Tenorio VR, Cruz CV, Zenteno E, Contreras GP, Pacheco SV Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons and birds of prey.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Avian trichomonosis is a world-wide parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. Although several degrees of pathogenicity have been described on the basis of the clinical signs in birds, there are few reports concerning the genetic characterization of the parasite and its relationship with pathogenicity. The parasite usually appears apathogenic but is occasionally responsible for outbreaks of the disease in avian populations, particularly affecting nestlings of ornithophagous raptors. For 3 years, cultures of oropharingeal samples from 612 wild and domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and 102 birds of p...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Sansano-Maestre J, Garijo-Toledo MM, Gómez-Muñoz MT Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Avian influenza viruses in poultry products: a review.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The extensive circulation of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, and the human health threat that it poses, has raised concerns over the food safety implications of this virus infecting poultry. In addition, among the most important risk factors for the possible emergence of avian influenza in the European Union and the United States, the European and Food Safety Agency and the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, respectively, have identified legal and illegal importations of infected poultry commodities. The present paper reviews existing knowledge on the presence o...
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Beato MS, Capua I, Alexander DJ Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Changes to the editorial team.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19468934 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Avian Pathology - June 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Cavanagh D Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Virus shedding and serum antibody responses during experimental turkey coronavirus infections in young turkey poults.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The course of turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infection in young turkey poults was examined using a field isolate (TCoV-MG10) from a diarrhoeal disease outbreak on a commercial turkey farm in Ontario, Canada. Two-day-old and 28-day-old poults were inoculated orally with TCoV-MG10 to examine the effect of age on viral shedding and serum antibody responses to the virus. The presence of coronavirus particles measuring 105.8+/-21.8 nm in the cloacal contents was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The pattern of cloacal TCoV shedding was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification of t...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Gomaa MH, Yoo D, Ojkic D, Barta JR Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Short beak and dwarfism syndrome of mule duck is caused by a distinct lineage of goose parvovirus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
From the early 1970s to the present, numerous cases of short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) have been reported in mule ducks from France. The animals showed strong growth retardation with smaller beak and tarsus. It was suggested that the syndrome was caused by goose parvovirus on the basis of serological investigation, but the causative agent has not been isolated and the disease has not so far been reproduced by experimental infection. The aim of the present study was to characterize the virus strains isolated from field cases of SBDS, and to reproduce the disease experimentally. Phylogenetic analysis proved that ...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Palya V, Zolnai A, Benyeda Z, Kovács E, Kardi V, Mató T Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Detection and localization of a goose adenovirus in experimentally infected goslings, using indirect immunofluorescence with paraffin-embedded tissue sections.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To establish an ideal method for the detailed definition of the tropism of the goose adenovirus new-type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in conventional paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded gosling tissue sections, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was established and optimized in this study for the first time. Three-day-old goslings orally inoculated with the CN strain of NGVEV were killed from 0.5 h to 30 days post-infection (p.i.) at intervals, and organs were collected and prepared for immunofluorescence assay and ultrastructural observation. NGVEV antigens could be detected in the gastrointestinal tra...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Chen S, Cheng A, Wang M, Zhu D, Luo Q, Liu F, Chen X Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Identification of differentially expressed genes in the growth plate of broiler chickens with thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is characterized by expansion of the proximal growth plates of the tibiotarsus that fail to form bone, lack blood vessels, and contain non-viable cells. Thiram (a carbamate pesticide), when fed to young broiler chicks, induces TD with high regularity and precision. We used this experimental model to understand the cause of the defects associated with TD by selecting and identifying the genes differentially expressed in the TD growth plate of broiler chickens. Broiler chicks at 7 days of age were randomly divided into two groups. After fasting overnight, they were fed with regular diet (cont...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Tian WX, Zhang WP, Li JK, Bi DR, Guo DZ, Pan SY, Zhang YH, Qin P Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Association of Streptococcus pluranimalium with valvular endocarditis and septicaemia in adult broiler parents.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The genus Streptococcus consists of more than 60 species, but only Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Streptococcus gallolyticus ssp. gallolyticus, Streptococcus gallinaceus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus suis have been isolated from poultry. During investigations of the aetiology of increased mortality in broiler parent stock at the end of production, pure cultures of streptococcal-like organisms that could not be classified among these six species were obtained from 24 cases of septicaemia or valvular endocarditis and septicaemia. Phenotypic characterization using the AP...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Hedegaard L, Christensen H, Chadfield MS, Christensen JP, Bisgaard M Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains from outbreaks in Argentina (2001-2008).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Twenty infectious bronchitis virus isolates were recovered from broilers and layers in different outbreaks amongst commercial poultry flocks in different geographic regions of Argentina from 2001 to 2008. The viruses were isolated from the tracheas, lungs, and caecal tonsils of birds that were showing respiratory signs. Further analysis based on their nucleotide and amino acid sequences in hypervariable region (HVR) 1 and the intervening sequence including HVRs 1 and 2 (HVR1/2) of the S1 gene was done to determine the genetic relationships among them and reference strains. Five isolates were highly related to the Massa...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Rimondi A, Craig MI, Vagnozzi A, König G, Delamer M, Pereda A Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Quantification of pigeon circovirus in serum, blood, semen and different tissues of naturally infected pigeons using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on SYBR Green chemistry is described for the quantification of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) DNA in various samples. Plasmid containing a fragment of the PiCV genome was used to create a standard curve and to estimate the viral DNA copies in analysed samples. Both primers were designed in highly conserved regions to avoid false negatives, and amplified a 139-base-pair amplicon. When the amplifications were performed in the presence of cellular DNA extracted from PCR-negative liver, bursa and spleen samples, the detection limits were respectively 20, 20 and...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Duchatel JP, Todd D, Willeman C, Losson B Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Cloning and expression of a truncated pigeon circovirus capsid protein suitable for antibody detection in infected pigeons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infections with pigeon circovirus (PiCV) (also termed columbid circovirus) occur in meat and racing pigeons (Columba livia) of all ages and have been reported worldwide. A PiCV infection is associated with immunosuppression and the development of young pigeon disease syndrome. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of virus-specific serum antibody was developed for research purposes. In the absence of a method to propagate PiCV in cell culture, the assay was based on a recombinant truncated capsid protein (rCapPiCV) produced by overexpression in Escherichia coli. A 6xHis-Tag was fused t...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Daum I, Finsterbusch T, Härtle S, Göbel TW, Mankertz A, Korbel R, Grund C Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Viral load in 1-day-old ducklings acutely infected with duck hepatitis B virus by different doses and routes of inoculation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to define clearly the conditions leading to the outcome of acute duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection, 1-day-old Pekin ducklings were infected with DHBV by different routes and given different doses of inoculum. Groups of 24 ducklings were inoculated either intravenously via the vena cruralis, or intraperitoneally with pooled serum containing either 1.6 x 10(7) or 1.6 x 10(4) DHBV genomes. One control duck from each group was inoculated with an equal volume of normal duck serum. A sensitive and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on TaqMan technology was developed for the detection ...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Chen ZY, Cheng AC, Wang MS, Xu DW, Jia R, Guo YF, Zeng W Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

A novel Sarcocystis-associated encephalitis and myositis in racing pigeons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sarcosporidian cysts in the skeletal muscle of domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) have previously been attributed to infection with Sarcocystis falcatula, which is shed in the faeces of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Here, we describe fatal spontaneous encephalitis and myositis associated with Sarcocystis infections in three flocks of racing pigeons with 47 of 244 animals affected. The clinical course was characterized by depression, mild diarrhoea, torticollis, opisthotonus, paralysis and trembling. Histopathological examination of 13 pigeons revealed generalized severe granulomatous and necrotizing me...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Olias P, Gruber AD, Heydorn AO, Kohls A, Mehlhorn H, Hafez HM, Lierz M Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Analysis of H5N1 avian influenza infections from wild bird surveillance in Hong Kong from January 2006 to October 2007.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intensive surveillance of dead wild birds for H5N1 avian influenza infection is conducted in Hong Kong. Between January 2006 and October 2007 pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs from 17692 dead wild birds (from 16 different orders including 82 genera) were tested and 33 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated. No H5N1 infection has occurred in poultry farms since January 2003, or in live poultry markets in Hong Kong since November 2003 until a recent detection of H5N1 virus by surveillance of live poultry markets in June 2008. The gross and histopathology in the various H5N1-infected avian species is...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ellis TM, Dyrting KC, Wong CW, Chadwick B, Chan C, Chiang M, Li C, Li P, Smith GJ, Guan Y, Malik Peiris JS Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Functions exerted by the virulence-associated type-three secretion systems during Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis invasion into and survival within chicken oviduct epithelial cells and macrophages.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study has shown that both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 are required by SE to invade COEC; that SipA and PipB are necessary for the survival of SE in COEC and chicken PBLM, respectively; and that T3SS-2 triggers PBLM death during the early stages of SE infection, and this process does not depend on PipB. PMID: 19322708 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Li S, Zhang Z, Pace L, Lillehoj H, Zhang S Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to study the specific humoral immune response of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) and domestic geese (Anser anser var. domestica) after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, an indirect Newcastle disease virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for waterfowl was evaluated concerning its efficiency and its suitability to monitor the antibody response in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) and domestic geese (Anser anser var. domestica) following vaccination with a commercial inactivated NDV vaccine for chickens. Three weeks after vaccination seroconversion was already evident in the ELISA. Comparison of the ELISA results with those of the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test provided a positive linear correlation between both tests (Pearson's product-moment correlation; r=0...
Source: Avian Pathology - April 1, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Häuslaigner R, Sonnenburg J, Kothlow S, Kaspers B, Staubach C, Grund C Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

A polymerase chain reaction-coupled high-resolution melting curve analytical approach for the monitoring of monospecificity of avian Eimeria species.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis of the amplicons generated from the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-2) was used to distinguish between seven pathogenic Eimeria species of chickens, and the results were compared with those obtained from the previously described technique, capillary electrophoresis. Using a series of known monospecific lines of Eimeria species, HRM curve analysis was shown to distinguish between Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria praecox and Eimeria tenella. Computerized analysis of the HR...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Kirkpatrick NC, Blacker HP, Woods WG, Gasser RB, Noormohammadi AH Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Identification of chicken enterovirus-like viruses, duck hepatitis virus type 2 and duck hepatitis virus type 3 as astroviruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Earlier work identified and biologically characterized antigenically distinct enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs) of chickens. Three of these ELVs can now be identified as astroviruses. Characterization involved the use of a hitherto undescribed, degenerate primer-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify astrovirus open reading frame (ORF) 1b-specific cDNA fragments followed by nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of the amplified fragments. ELV-1 was confirmed as an isolate of the astrovirus avian nephritis virus (ANV). ELV-4 (isolate 612) and ELV-3 (isolates FP3 and 11672) were ...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Todd D, Smyth VJ, Ball NW, Donnelly BM, Wylie M, Knowles NJ, Adair BM Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Comparative analysis of the sialic acid binding activity and the tropism for the respiratory epithelium of four different strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major pathogen in commercial poultry flocks. We recently demonstrated that sialic acid serves as a receptor determinant for IBV on the tracheal epithelium. Here we compared the IBV strains Beaudette, 4/91, Italy02, and QX for their sialic acid-binding properties. We demonstrate that sialic acid binding is important for the infection of primary chicken kidney cells and the tracheal epithelium by all four strains. There were only slight differences between the four strains, indicating the universal usage of sialic acids as receptor determinants by IBV. In addition, we analysed...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Rahman SA, El-Kenawy AA, Neumann U, Herrler G, Winter C Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Pathogenicity and growth characteristics of selected infectious laryngotracheitis virus strains from the United States.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity and growth characteristics of six ILTV commercial poultry isolates as compared with the CEO vaccine. Two isolates representative of PCR-RFLP Groups IV, V, and VI were selected. Differences in disease severity, viral tissue distribution in chickens, and plaque formation ability in cell culture were observed among viral genotypes IV, V, and VI, and between V-A and V-B isolates. Mild respiratory clinical signs were produced by IV-A, IV-B and the CEO vaccine, while VI-A and VI-B isolates produced severe respiratory signs and severe depression, and during the peak o...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Oldoni I, Rodriguez-Avila A, Riblet SM, Zavala G, Garcia M Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Endocarditis due to Lactobacillus jensenii in a Salvin's Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis salvini).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 30-year-old Salvin's Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis salvini) with a history of a lifelong poor diet and inappropriate housing was presented in lateral recumbency to a veterinary teaching hospital for further evaluation. Radiological and ultrasonographic examination revealed a mild proventricular dilatation, mild hepatomegaly, signs of enteritis and airsacculitis. The main laboratory findings included a mild macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, decreased bile acids and increased alkaline phosphatase. In this bird a liver pathology was suspected because of the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Foldenauer U, Rusch M, Simova-Curd S, Nitzl D, Hoop RK, Hatt JM Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Transmission of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype H6N2 from chickens to Pekin ducks and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this experiment we evaluated the transmission characteristics of a chicken-adapted low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) of subtype H6N2, from infected chickens to Japanese quail and Pekin ducks, which are commonly sold in live bird markets located in Southern California. The layout of the cages and bird-handling practices were similar to those found in Southern California live bird markets. Five out of 20 chickens were inoculated with LPAIV H6N2, and placed in direct contact with five chickens and in indirect contact with 10 chickens, 10 Japanese quail and 10 Pekin ducks. Transmission of LPAIV was followe...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Yee KS, Cardona CJ, Carpenter TE Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Cutaneous form of pox infection among captive peafowl (Pavo cristatus) chicks.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology and lesions of avian pox in captive peafowl chicks. Overall values of morbidity, mortality and case fatality were 45.2%, 27.1% and 60.0%, respectively. The chicks of 9 to 12 weeks of age showed a significantly (P<0.001) higher prevalence rate than other age groups. The morbidity and mortality due to avian pox in peafowl chicks was significantly (P<0.001) reduced when kept in mosquito-proof cages and hatched under broody chicken hens. Morbidity due to poxvirus infection on the peafowl farm was 82%, 26% and 12% in successive years. This reduction mig...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Khan A, Yousaf A, Khan MZ, Siddique M, Gul ST, Mahmood F Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Passive immunization against Histomonas meleagridis does not protect turkeys from an experimental infection.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, turkeys were either actively or passively immunized and were then challenged to assess the role of antibody-mediated immunity in the protection form this disease. Active immunization was performed either by experimental infection and treatment or by intramuscular injection with lysed H. meleagridis. Passive immunization was attempted by intraperitoneal administration of pooled, concentrated, neutralizing antisera from immunized donor animals to naive turkeys. A significantly higher IgG response was observed after infection and treatment than after intramuscular injection, which in turn was higher than the re...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Bleyen N, Ons E, De Gussem M, Goddeeris BM Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Induction of eggshell apex abnormalities by Mycoplasma synoviae: field and experimental studies.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A novel eggshell pathology, characterized by an altered shell surface, thinning, increased translucency, and cracks and breaks in the eggshell apex, has become increasingly common in layer flocks of various breeds in The Netherlands. Two field studies found an association between the eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA) and infection with Mycoplasma synoviae. M. synoviae was isolated from the oviduct of birds that produced abnormal eggs, but not from birds in control flocks, although both affected and control birds had agglutinating antibodies against M. synoviae. After a single injection with long-acting oxytetracycline,...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Feberwee A, de Wit JJ, Landman WJ Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

International meetings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19156585 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Avian Pathology - January 22, 2009 Category: Pathology Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Protective efficacy of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza is dramatically suppressed by early infection of chickens with reticuloendotheliosis virus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study was conducted to understand epidemiological factors that depress the protective efficacy of vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Specific pathogen free chickens were infected at different ages with immunosuppressive reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), then vaccinated with inactivated vaccine H5N2 and challenged with HPAI H5N1. Compared with control birds, early REV infection significantly inhibited antibody response to H5N2 vaccine and dramatically decreased protective efficacy. Immunosuppressive effects lasted for 4 months, and high mortality occurred in chickens receiving thr...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 14, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Sun S, Cui Z, Wang J, Wang Z Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Isolation and identification of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus from Houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) and contact falcons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report an outbreak of H5N1 HPAIV in Houbara bustards, which were introduced into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for falconry purposes. Ninety-three per cent mortality (38 out of 41 birds) in the infected Houbara bustard flock and about 62.5% mortality (10 out of 16 birds) in falcons that came in contact with these birds were observed. Pooled cloacal and tracheal swabs from Houbara bustards as well as visceral organ homogenates collected in Houbara bustards and falcons were tested by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation was attempted in specific pathogen free hens' eggs. The viruses...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 8, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Ahmed Khan O, Adam Shuaib M, Shaban Abdel Rhman S, Moussa Ismail M, Al Hammad Y, Hashim Abdel Baky M, Fusaro A, Salviato A, Cattoli G Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Congenital cataract in 1-day-old French Mulard ducklings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Ocular opacity, associated with reluctance to move and inability to feed properly, was observed in approximately 1% of all newly hatched females from several related flocks of Mulard ducks. A 5-week follow-up study of 10 1-day-old affected females was performed, and they were compared with 10 control animals. Clinical, ocular and ultrasonographic examinations, and a complete necropsy of two animals per group with histological examination of the eye, were performed weekly. A bilateral immature cortical anterior cataract was diagnosed at ocular examination and confirmed by ultrasonography in affected ducks. Dyscoria was ...
Source: Avian Pathology - January 8, 2009 Category: Pathology Authors: Belluco S, Chahory S, Vanore M, Wyrzykovsky B, Fleurance R, Morin H, Torriglia A, Wyers M, Colle MA Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Tissue distribution of haemolytic Gallibacterium anatis isolates in laying birds with reproductive disorders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica has been suggested to have a causal role in peritonitis and salpingitis in chickens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of G. anatis biovar haemolytica in chickens with reproductive disorders. One hundred and forty one birds from 31 layer flocks were submitted for necropsy and the following organs were examined for bacteria: choana, trachea, lung, heart, liver, spleen, ovary, oviduct, duodenum and cloaca. Examination for Escherichia coli was included as it can induce reproductive disorders. G. anatis was isolated in pure culture from the reproduct...
Source: Avian Pathology - December 16, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Neubauer C, De Souza-Pilz M, Bojesen AM, Bisgaard M, Hess M Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

EDITORIAL.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
PMID: 19023754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Cavanagh D Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

The onset of virus shedding and clinical signs in chickens infected with high-pathogenicity and low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some avian influenza viruses may be transmissible to mammals by ingestion. Cats and dogs have been infected by H5N1 avian influenza viruses when they ate raw poultry, and two human H5N1 infections were linked to the ingestion of uncooked duck blood. The possibility of zoonotic influenza from exposure to raw poultry products raises concerns about flocks with unrecognized infections. The present review examines the onset of virus shedding and the development of clinical signs for a variety of avian influenza viruses in chickens. In experimentally infected birds, some high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) and low-path...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Spickler AR, Trampel DW, Roth JA Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Increased mast cell density during the infection with velogenic Newcastle disease virus in chickens.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In addition to their well-characterized role in allergic inflammation, recent data confirm that mast cells play a more extensive role in a variety of viral infections. The contribution of mast cells to Newcastle disease pathogenesis has not been investigated. We evaluated mast cell activity after Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in specific pathogen free chickens using cytochemical and immunocytochemical analyses. The results were as follows. Severe tissue damage was observed in the proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum and caecal tonsil, and NDV antigens were detected and presented extensively in these tissues. Sec...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Sun Q, Wang D, She R, Li W, Liu S, Han D, Wang Y, Ding Y Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Rapid and sensitive detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum in the presence of other bacteria using a 5' Taq nuclease assay: a new tool for diagnosing infectious coryza.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 5' Taq nuclease assay specific for Avibacterium paragallinarum was designed and optimized for use in diagnosing infectious coryza. The region chosen for assay design was one of known specificity for Av. paragallinarum. The assay detected Av. paragallinarum reference strains representing the three Page and the eight Kume serovars, and field isolates from diverse geographical locations. No cross-reactions were observed with other Avibacterium species, with other bacteria taxonomically related to Av. paragallinarum nor with bacteria and viruses likely to be present in swabs collected from suspected infectious coryza cas...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Corney BG, Diallo IS, Wright L, Hewitson G, De Jong A, Tolosa X, Burrell P, Duffy P, Rodwell B, Boyle DB, Blackall PJ Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Two cases of orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders are described. The first case occurred in a 62-week-old rooster showing signs of breeding inactivity. Grossly, the left testis was abnormally shaped and had multiple yellow foci, prominent blood vessels, and a gelatinous mass on the surface. The right testis and other tissues appeared normal. A pure, heavy growth of Staphylococcus aureus was obtained on bacterial culture, and intralesional Gram-positive cocci were numerous on histopathology. The second case occurred in a 28-week-old rooster that was found dead. Both testes were abnormally shaped, swollen,...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 H5N1 in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Asian H5N1 (hereafter referred to as panzootic H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has caused large numbers of deaths in both poultry and wild-bird populations. Recent isolates of this virus have been reported to cause disease and death in commercial ducks, which has not been seen with other HPAI viruses. However, little is known about either the dissemination of this H5N1 within the organs or the cause of death in infected ducks. Nineteen 4-week-old Pekin ducks were infected with 10(6.7) median egg infectious doses of HPAI A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 (H5N1, clade 2.2) in 0.1ml via the intranasal and intraocu...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Londt BZ, Nunez A, Banks J, Nili H, Johnson LK, Alexander DJ Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae in Dutch commercial poultry farms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Before the year 2000, Mycoplasma synoviae was associated mainly with subclinical respiratory infections in broilers in the Netherlands and was considered to have low clinical and economic impact. The subsequent occurrence of M. synoviae arthritis and amyloid arthropathy, and of eggshell apex abnormalities, has resulted in an increasing demand for M. synoviae-free poultry. Therefore, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was carried out over a 12-month period during 2005 and 2006. Ten blood samples per farm were generally used because M. synoviae was expected to spread quickly. However, for grandparent and layer breede...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Feberwee A, de Vries TS, Landman WJ Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Comparative infectiousness of three passerine bird species after experimental inoculation with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum has been isolated from various species of free-living birds, and we therefore tested the hypothesis that bird species other than the main host, the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), could play a role in the epidemiology of the infection. We compared the disease course in the house finch, American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) after inoculation into the conjunctival sac with M. gallisepticum, and also the degree to which the three species were infectious to other naive house finches. Severity of clinical signs was least in house sparrows, intermediate in A...
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Authors: Dhondt AA, Dhondt KV, McCleery BV Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19023762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Title Page, Contents, Author & Subject Index 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Title Page, Contents, Author & Subject Index 2008. Avian Pathol. 2008 Dec;37(6):643-650 Authors: PMID: 19023763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Author Index.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19023764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals

Subject Index 2008, Volume 37.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Authors: PMID: 19023765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Avian Pathology - November 23, 2008 Category: Pathology Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: journals