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Anti-Malaria Trial in Tanzanian Children Halted When Combo Therapy FailsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The combination of azithromycin and artesunate is ineffective against malaria or acute febrile illness in children who live in African regions where antimalarial drug resistance is prevalent, according to a report in the October 15th Clinical Infectious Diseases. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - November 13, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Macrolides, Ketolides, and Glycylcyclines: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin, TigecyclineEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The advanced macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin, and the ketolide, telithromycin, are structural analogs of erythromycin. They have several distinct advantages when compared with erythromycin, including enhanced spectrum of activity, more favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, once-daily administration, and improved tolerability. Clarithromycin and azithromycin are used extensively for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and Helicobacter pylori–associated peptic ulcer disease. Telithromycin is approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Severe h...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - November 12, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jerry M. Zuckerman, Fozia Qamar, Bartholomew R. Bono Source Type: journals

A variant of the Southern German clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is predominant in CroatiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clin Microbiol Infect The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular epidemiology of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered in 24 hospitals in 20 cities in Croatia from October to December 2004. A total of 1815 consecutive S. aureus isolates were recovered, 248 of which were MRSA. The MRSA isolates were analysed using spa typing, multilocus sequence typing and SCCmec typing. Furthermore, the presence of Panton[ndash]Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes was determined as a genetic marker for community-associated MRSA. The MRSA prevalen...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - November 11, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: A. Budimir, R. H. Deurenberg, Z. Bo[scaron]njak, E. E. Stobberingh, H. Cetkovic, S. Kalenic Source Type: journals

Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome Associated with Azithromycin in a 62-Year-Old ManEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present a case of a 62-year-old male patient who developed vanishing bile duct syndrome a month after Stevens-Johnson syndrome. These adverse drug reactions were associated with the use of azithromycin (500 mg daily for 3 days). The patient was initially treated for Stevens-Johnson syndrome with steroids, antihistamines and proton pump inhibitors and fully recovered. However, a month after the beginning of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, he developed vanishing bile duct syndrome and was treated with steroids, ursodeoxycholic acid, antihistamines and tacrolimus. Unfortunately, the treatment was unsuccessful and he was listed f...
Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology - November 9, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Juricic Danica, Hrstic Irena, Radic Davor, Skegro Mate, Coric Marijana, Vucelic Boris, Francetic Igor Source Type: journals

The possible role of systemic azithromycin for idiopathic iridocyclitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - November 5, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Barbara M. Wirostko, William J. Wirostko Source Type: journals

Estimation of effects of community intervention with Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement (A,F,E) in five districts of Ethiopia hyper-endemic for trachoma.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: These findings are important since they make the case for continued implementing the A,F,E interventions simultaneously, and suggest appropriate timing of SAFE evaluations within 6-12 months after the last mass azithromycin distribution. PMID: 19897474 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - November 5, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ngondi JM, Gebre T, Shargie EB, Adamu L, Teferi T, Zerihun M, Ayele B, King JD, Cromwell EA, Emerson PM Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: journals

Inspire Completes Patient Enrollment in Three Late-Stage Clinical Trials in Cystic Fibrosis, Dry Eye and BlepharitisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DURHAM, N.C.--(HSMN NewsFeed)--Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: ISPH ) announced today patient enrollment is complete in three of its late-stage clinical trials. We are pleased to be executing on our strategic plan with the achievement of these p... Biopharmaceuticals, OphthalmologyInspire Pharmaceuticals, PROLACRIA, AZASITE, azithromycin, Denufosol (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)
Source: HSMN NewsFeed - November 4, 2009 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

In vitro activity of cem-101 against streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes with defined macrolide resistance mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF CEM-101 AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AND STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES WITH DEFINED MACROLIDE RESISTANCE MECHANISMS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Nov 2; Authors: McGhee P, Clark C, Kosowska-Shick K, Nagai K, Dewasse B, Beachel L, Appelbaum PC CEM-101 had an MIC range against macrolide-susceptible pneumococci of 0.002-0.016 mug/ml and of 0.004-1 mug/ml against macrolide-resistant phenotypes. Only 3 strains with erm(B) +/- mef(A) had CEM-101 MICs of 1 mug/ml and 218/221 strains had CEM-101 MICs </=0.5 mug/ml. CEM-101 MICs were up to 4-fold lower than those of telithromycin against all st...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - November 2, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: McGhee P, Clark C, Kosowska-Shick K, Nagai K, Dewasse B, Beachel L, Appelbaum PC Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Bioequivalence study of two azithromycin formulations in healthy subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the mean AUCt, AUCinf, Cmax, and t1/2 of azithromycin from the test drug were 4967.49 ng x h x mL(-1), 5871.74 ng x h x mL(-1), 412.14 ng/mL, and 51.32 h, respectively. The mean AUCt, AUCinf, Cmax, and t1/2 of azithromycin from the reference drug were 4276.75 ng x h x mL(-1), 5578.12 ng x h x mL(-1), 419.89 ng/mL, and 51.23 h, respectively. The median tmax of he test drug and reference drug were 3.0 h and 2.0 h, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90% CI) of the test drug/reference drug for azithromycin were 101.56% (86.61-119.08%) for AUCt, 101.27% (84.97-120.70%) for AUCinf, and 97.78% (84.50-113.16%)...
Source: Arzneimittel-Forschung - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Setiawati E, Deniati SH, Yunaidi DA, Handayani LR, Harinanto G, Santoso ID, Sari AP, Rimainar A Tags: Arzneimittelforschung Source Type: journals

Ocular Surface Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Ophthalmic 1% Azithromycin FormulationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Oct 2009, Vol. 25, No. 5: 433-440. (Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 26, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Tags: article Source Type: journals

The pharmacokinetic properties of azithromycin in pregnancy.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Azithromycin (AZI) is an azalide antibiotic with antimalarial activity that is considered safe in pregnancy. To assess its pharmacokinetic properties when administered as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), two 2 g doses were given 24 h apart to 31 pregnant and 29 age-matched non-pregnant Papua New Guinean women. All subjects also received single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP; 1500mg/75mg) or chloroquine (450 mg base daily for three days). Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 72 h, and on days 4, 5, 7, 10 and 14 for AZI assay by ultra high-performance liquid chromato...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - October 26, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Salman S, Rogerson SJ, Kose K, Griffin S, Gomorai S, Baiwog F, Winmai J, Kandai J, Karunajeewa HA, O'Halloran SJ, Siba P, Ilett KF, Mueller I, Davis TM Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Penetration of azithromycin in experimental pleural empyema fluid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There were no data about the extent of azithromycin penetration into the empyemic pleural fluid in humans and in experimental animals. An empyema was created via the intrapleural injection of an Escherichia coli solution into the pleural space of New Zealand white rabbits. After an empyema was verified by thoracocentesis, 24h post inoculation, azithromycin (15mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Antibiotic levels were determined in samples of pleural fluid and blood serum, collected serially at 2, 8, 24, 48 and 72h, after administration. Azithromycin levels were estimated using an HPLC analytical method with fluorime...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - October 22, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Saroglou M, Ismailos G, Tryfon S, Liapakis I, Papalois A, Bouros D Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Campylobacter jejuni Strain CG8421: A Refined Model for the Study of Campylobacteriosis and Evaluation of Campylobacter Vaccines in Human SubjectsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. The C. jejuni CG8421 challenge model provides a safe and effective tool, without the risk of Guillain‐Barré syndrome. The model demonstrates high attack rates after lower doses of challenge inoculum, provides further understanding of immunologic responses, and permits future investigation of candidate Campylobacter vaccines. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - October 20, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals

Azithromycin: Myasthenic crisis in a patient with myasthenia gravis: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - October 19, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Effects of interactions of antibacterial drugs with each other and with 6-mercaptopurine on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions This in vitro study suggests that 6-mercaptopurine may be synergistic with macrolides and rifamycin derivatives against MAP. The activity of clarithromycin against MAP seems to be enhanced by rifampicin. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - October 12, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Krishnan, M. Y., Manning, E. J. B., Collins, M. T. Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

Antibacterial class is not obviously important in outpatient pneumonia: a meta-analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This review assessed whether improved clinical and mortality outcomes are achieved for outpatient community acquired pneumonia treated with antibacterials with coverage against atypical organisms. The authors concluded that there was no evidence of superiority for any drug comparison. Given some methodological uncertainties identified in the review process, the extent to which this conclusion was reliable was unclear. [The included studies assessed the following oral therapies at differing doses: fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin...
Source: NeLM - Infectious Diseases - October 8, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

Escherichia coli as Reservoir for Macrolide Resistance Genes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The plasmid-borne mph(A) gene that confers resistance to azithromycin and has recently emerged in Shigella sonnei is present in multidrug- and non-multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from 4 continents. Further spread of mph(A) to Shigella and Salmonella spp. may be expected. PMID: 19861064 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - October 1, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Phuc Nguyen MC, Woerther PL, Bouvet M, Andremont A, Leclercq R, Canu A Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Comparison of azithromycin and metronidazole in a quadruple-therapy regimen for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication in dyspepsiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: </b> No significant difference exists between the two quadruple-therapy regimens that were tested. (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology)
Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology - September 30, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Agah Shahram, Shazad Babak, Abbaszadeh Babak Source Type: journals

Anti-inflammatory effects of antibacterials on human bronchial epithelial cellsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Human Bronchial epithelial cells (hu-BEC) have been claimed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases like COPD. In this context IL-8 and GM-CSF have been shown to be key cytokines. Some antibiotics which are routinely used to treat lower respiratory tract infections have been shown to exert additional immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether these effects can also be detected in hu-BEC. Methods: Hu-BEC obtained from patients undergoing lung resections were transferred to air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture. These cultures were incubated ...
Source: BioMed Central - September 28, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Gregor ZimmermannClaus NeurohrHeidrun Villena-HermozaRudolf HatzJuergen Behr Source Type: journals

Azithromycin plus Artesunate versus Artemether‐Lumefantrine for Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Tanzanian Children: A Randomized, Controlled TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. This trial does not support the use of AZ+AS as treatment for malaria or acute febrile illness in children in areas of Africa with high levels of existing antimalarial drug resistance. Clinical trials registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00694694. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue - September 21, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: article MAJOR ARTICLE Source Type: journals

Efficacy of antibiotic therapy for SAPHO syndrome is lost after its discontinuation: interventional studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: For the period of application, the antibiotic therapy seems to have controlled the disease. After antibiotics discontinuation however, disease relapse was observed. SAPHO syndrome thus groups with other chronic inflammatory arthropathies with a need of permanent therapy. (Source: Arthritis Research and Therapy)
Source: Arthritis Research and Therapy - September 20, 2009 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Gunter AssmannOlaf KueckTimm KirchhoffHerbert RosenthalJan VoswinkelMichael PfreundschuhHenning ZeidlerAnnette Wagner Source Type: journals

The Cochrane Library and Treatment for Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children: An Overview of ReviewsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children and also results in significant morbidity. The most common treatment options include anti-pyretics and antibiotics. Other treatments include vitamins and over-the-counter cough syrup.This overview presents a summary of the results of previous Cochrane reviews on the treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children.The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched for all systematic reviews examining the treatment of pediatric pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections. All reviews that were under the heading "pneumonia" on the Cochrane ...
Source: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal - September 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kelly Russell, Joan Robinson, Diane Yorke, Inge Axelsson Tags: Pneumonia Source Type: journals

Azithromycin ophthalmic drops require special preparation [News and Features]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: AAP News)
Source: AAP News - September 15, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Tags: News and Features Source Type: journals

Evaluation of three years of the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement) for trachoma control in five districts of Ethiopia hyperendemic for trachomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Summary: Trachoma surveys were conducted at baseline in five districts of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia (7478 participants in 1096 households) and at 3-year evaluation (5762 participants in 1117 households). Uptake of SAFE was assessed with programme monitoring data and interviews, and children (1–6 years) were swabbed for detection of ocular Chlamydia. At evaluation, 23933 people had received trichiasis surgery; 93% of participants reported taking azithromycin at least once; 67% of household respondents (range 46–93) reported participation in trachoma health education; and household latrine coverage increas...
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 14, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jeremiah Ngondi, Teshome Gebre, Estifanos B. Shargie, Liknaw Adamu, Yeshewamebrat Ejigsemahu, Tesfaye Teferi, Mulat Zerihun, Berhan Ayele, Vicky Cevallos, Jonathan King, Paul M. Emerson Tags: Neglected Diseases Source Type: journals

Complete Local Elimination of Infectious Trachoma from Severely Affected Communities after Six Biannual Mass Azithromycin DistributionsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Biannual mass distribution of azithromycin can locally eliminate ocular chlamydial infection from severely affected communities.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. (Source: Ophthalmology)
Source: Ophthalmology - September 10, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jesse B. Biebesheimer, Jenafir House, Kevin Cyrus Hong, Takele Lakew, Wondu Alemayehu, Zhaoxia Zhou, Jeanne Moncada, Andrew Rogér, Jeremy Keenan, Bruce D. Gaynor, Julius Schachter, Thomas M. Lietman Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

The role of efflux pumps in macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium avium complexEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates that efflux pumps play an important role in MAC resistance to antibiotics. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 9, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Liliana Rodrigues, Daniela Sampaio, Isabel Couto, Diana Machado, Winfried V. Kern, Leonard Amaral, Miguel Viveiros Tags: Full length articles Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma genitalium by broth dilution and quantitative PCR.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Only limited information regarding the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma genitalium is available because of difficulties in isolating M. genitalium strains from clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 15 clinical isolates, 7 ATCC strains and an early-passage of the M30 strain were examined by the broth-dilution method. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, sitafloxacin and moxifloxacin were the most active drugs to M. genitalium and their MIC90 values were 0.002, 0,008, 0.125 and 0.125 mg/liter, respectively. PMID: 19738019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - September 7, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hamasuna R, Jensen JS, Osada Y Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

Efficacy of Short Course,Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: There is no evidence of an increased risk of treatment failure with short course of antibiotics for acute otitis media. Among the short-course regimens, azithromycin use was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure while short-acting oral antibiotics and parenteral ceftriaxone may be associated with a higher risk of treatment failure. PMID: 19736367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)
Source: Indian Pediatrics - September 2, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gulani A, Sachdev HP, Qazi SA Tags: Indian Pediatr Source Type: journals

Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in lactating dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureusEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, it was determined that the production level and the mammary health status have an influence on PK parameters of azithromycin treatments in bovine mastitis. (Source: Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 1, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. F. LUCAS, J. O. ERRECALDE, N. MESTORINO Source Type: journals

Influence of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin among healthy Chinese Han ethnic subjects.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on azithromycin pharmacokinetics in Chinese Han ethnic subjects. In total, 20 healthy volunteers with various ABCB1 genotypes (6 with 2677GG/3435CC, 8 with 2677GT/3435CT, 6 with 2677TT/3435TT) were enrolled. Each was given a single oral dose of 500 mg azithromycin. Plasma concentration was measured for up to 96 h by LC/MS/MS. As shown, C(max) was significantly lower among individuals with 2677TT/3435TT genotype (468.0 +/- 173.4 ng x h/ml) than those with 2677GG/3435CC (911.2 +/- 396.4 ng x h/ml, p = 0.013). However, the t(max) value was highe...
Source: Pharmacological Reports - September 1, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: He XJ, Zhao LM, Qiu F, Sun YX, Li-Ling J Tags: Pharmacol Rep Source Type: journals

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Effect of Mass Distribution of Azithromycin for Trachoma Control on Overall Mortality in Ethiopian Children: A Randomized TrialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion In a trachoma-endemic area, mass distribution of oral azithromycin was associated with reduced mortality in children. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00322972 (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - August 31, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Porco, T. C., Gebre, T., Ayele, B., House, J., Keenan, J., Zhou, Z., Hong, K. C., Stoller, N., Ray, K. J., Emerson, P., Gaynor, B. D., Lietman, T. M. Tags: Bacterial Infections, Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Other, Public Health, World Health, Drug Therapy, Drug Therapy, Other, Infectious Diseases Original Contribution Source Type: journals

Incidence and risk factors of aplastic anemia in Latin American countries: the LATIN case-control study.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions The incidence of aplastic anemia in Latin America countries is low. Although the research study centers had a high coverage of health services, the underreporting of cases of aplastic anemia in selected regions can be discussed. Frequent exposure to benzene-based products increases the risk for aplastic anemia. Few associations with specific drugs were found, and it is likely that some of these were due to chance alone. PMID: 19734415 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Haematologica)
Source: Haematologica - August 31, 2009 Category: Hematology Authors: Maluf E, Hamerschlak N, Cavalcanti AB, Júnior AA, Eluf-Neto J, Falcão RP, Lorand-Metze IG, Goldenberg D, Santana CL, de Oliveira Werneck Rodrigues D, Passos LN, Rosenfeld LG, Pitta M, Loggetto S, Feitosa Ribeiro AA, Velloso ED, Kondo AT, de Mira Tags: Haematologica Source Type: journals

Availability of antibiotics for purchase without a prescription on the internet.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics are freely available for purchase on the Internet without a prescription, a phenomenon that encourages self-medication and low quality of care. PMID: 19752471 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Family Medicine)
Source: Annals of Family Medicine - August 31, 2009 Category: Primary Care Authors: Mainous AG, Everett CJ, Post RE, Diaz VA, Hueston WJ Tags: Ann Fam Med Source Type: journals

Toxoplasma gondii: a simple Real-time PCR assay to quantify the proliferation of the apicoplast.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A Real-time quantitative PCR assay to quantify the Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast was studied. Primers were designed to amplify a 305 bp product specific to T. gondii apicoplast. Standard curves were generated for both T. gondii apicoplast DNA and genomic DNA, and were used to compute the relative concentration of apicoplast DNA copies in the test samples. The results indicated that the copies of T. gondii apicoplast DNA was significantly low when exposed to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and azithromycin for 48 h in the second infectious cycle. Our study shows that the Real-time PCR technique is a simple and quick technique...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - August 27, 2009 Category: Parasitology Authors: Wu L, Chen SX, Jiang XG, Cao JP Tags: Exp Parasitol Source Type: journals

Update on BabesiosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genus Babesia with many clinical features similar to those of malaria. Over the last 50 years, the epidemiology of human babesiosis has changed from a few isolated cases to the establishment of endemic areas in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Episodic cases are reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The severity of infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to fulminant disease resulting in death, although the majority of healthy adults experience a mild-to-moderate illness. Peop...
Source: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases - August 27, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Azithromycin Inhibits Vertical Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Calomys callosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, the treatment with azithromycin showed to be more effective, since it was capable to inhibit the vertical transmission of T. gondii in this model of congenital toxoplasmosis. (Source: Placenta)
Source: Placenta - August 24, 2009 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: I.N. Costa, M.B. Angeloni, L.A. Santana, B.F. Barbosa, M.C.P. Silva, A.A. Rodrigues, C. Rostkowsa, P.M. Magalhães, J.D.O. Pena, D.A.O. Silva, J.R. Mineo, E.A.V. Ferro Tags: Infection Source Type: journals

Azithromycin: Agranulocytosis (first report) in an elderly patient: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - August 24, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Overall Antibiotic Prescription Rates For Respiratory Tract Infections DecreasingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
From 1995 to 2006 the rate of antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infections decreased significantly, attributable in part to a decline in ambulatory visits for ear infections in young children, according to a new study. But prescription rates for broad spectrum antibiotics, namely azithromycin and quinolones, increased substantially during the study period. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - August 21, 2009 Category: Science Source Type: news

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Antibiotic Prescription Rates for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in US Ambulatory SettingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Overall antibiotic prescription rates for ARTI decreased, associated with fewer OM visits in children younger than 5 years and with fewer prescriptions for ARTI for which antibiotics are rarely indicated. However, prescription rates for broad-spectrum antibiotics increased significantly. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - August 17, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Grijalva, C. G., Nuorti, J. P., Griffin, M. R. Tags: Bacterial Infections, Otolaryngology/ Head & Neck Surgery, Middle/ External Ear Disorders, Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Other, Pulmonary Diseases, Pulmonary Diseases, Other, Drug Therapy, Drug Therapy, Other, Infectious Diseases Original Contribution Source Type: journals

Trachoma mass treatment with azithromycin 1.5% eye drops in Cameroon: feasibility, tolerance and effectiveness.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: Mass treatment with azithromycin 1.5% eye drops is therefore feasible, well tolerated, and effective. PMID: 19692356 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: The British Journal of Ophthalmology - August 17, 2009 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Huguet P, Bella L, Einterz E, Goldschmidt P, Bensaid P Tags: Br J Ophthalmol Source Type: journals

Azithromycin: Alveolar haemorrhage (first report) in an elderly patient: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - August 17, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Simultaneous Determination of Several Antibiotics: Application to Human Plasma Extracts, and Impurities and Degradants in Drug PreparationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This application note describes a gradient HPLC-EC Array method for the determination of beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics. The method has low pg sensitivity, a wide dynamic range, excellent linearity and demonstrates the determination of vancomycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin and amoxicillin in extracts of human plasma. Impurities and degradants in pharmaceuticals were determined at the 0.1% level. (Source: PharmaManufacturing.com)
Source: PharmaManufacturing.com - August 17, 2009 Category: Pharmaceuticals Authors: Pharma Manufacturing Source Type: info

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 among Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media: clinical, epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patternsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 is an important pathogen in Costa Rican children with otitis media, especially in children older than 24 months of age (P=0.05). Most serotype 3 isolates were susceptible to penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)
Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles - August 13, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Arturo AbdelnourCarolina SoleySilvia GuevaraNurith PoratRon DaganAdriano Arguedas Source Type: journals

BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 8)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There have been considerable changes to the format of the recommendations since the previous version (version 7). The majority of the footnotes to the tables have been removed and the notations added to the end column; it is hoped that this change will avoid confusion in interpretation. Antibiotics have been separated into groups, e.g. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, etc. Recommendations for urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been removed for most agents except for those that are administered solely for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs or where there are limited recommendations for specific organisms, e.g. trimethopr...
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - August 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrews, J. M., for the BSAC Working Party on Susceptibility Testing Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

Molecular characterization of macrolide resistance determinants [erm(B) and mef(A)] in Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans group streptococci (VGS) isolated from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Long-term treatment with azithromycin in CF patients may reduce antibiotic susceptibility in commensal VGS, where these organisms may potentially act as a reservoir of macrolide resistance determinants for newly acquired and antibiotic-susceptible pathogens. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - August 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tazumi, A., Maeda, Y., Goldsmith, C. E., Coulter, W. A., Mason, C., Millar, B. C., McCalmont, M., Rendall, J., Elborn, J. S., Matsuda, M., Moore, J. E. Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

[Correspondence] 3-monthly azithromycin administration for trachomaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Jenafir House and colleagues (March 28, p 1111) elegantly demonstrate the “herd protection” effect of antimicrobials by treating African children aged 1–10 years for trachoma. (Source: LANCET)
Source: LANCET - August 6, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Samuel Coenen, Keith P Klugman, Herman Goossens Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

[Correspondence] 3-monthly azithromycin administration for trachoma – Authors' replyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar and colleagues point out, community-wide azithromycin distributions can increase the prevalence of macrolide resistance in commensal, nasopharyngeal pneumococci. Although this point is concerning, several factors could lessen the effect of such resistance. (Source: LANCET)
Source: LANCET - August 6, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jeremy D Keenan, Teshome Gebre, Berhan Ayele, Paul M Emerson, Thomas M Lietman Tags: Correspondence Source Type: journals

Emerging pneumococcal carriage serotypes in a high-risk population receiving 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine since 2001.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Pneumococcal carriage remains high (~ 80%) in this vaccinated population. Uptake of both pneumococcal vaccines increased, and carriage was reduced between 2003 and 2005. Predominant serotypes in combined years were 16F, 19A, 11A, 6C and 23B. Antimicrobial non-susceptibility was detected in these and 17 additional serotypes. Shifts in serotype-specific carriage suggest a need more research to clarify the association between pneumococcal vaccination and carriage at the serotype level. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - August 3, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amanda LeachPeter MorrisGabrielle McCallumCate WilsonLiz StubbsJemima BeissbarthSusan JacupsKim HareHeidi Smith-Vaughan Source Type: journals

Effects of azithromycin on glutathione S-transferases in cystic fibrosis airway cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anti-inflammatory properties of azithromycin (AZM) have been proposed as possible mechanisms of clinical beneficial effects in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Altered glutathione (GSH) transport in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR)-deficient cells leads to the occurrence of oxidative stress that finally induces glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The present investigation was aimed to verify the effects of AZM on GST activity and expression in CF airway cells in vitro and in vivo. AZM exposure significantly decreased GSTT1 and GSTM1 mRNA and protein expression in IB3-1, restoring the leve...
Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol... - July 31, 2009 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bergamini G, Cigana C, Sorio C, Della Peruta M, Pompella A, Corti A, Huaux FA, Leal T, Assael BM, Melotti P Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: journals

Cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A high incidence of gingival overgrowth occurred in a group of New Zealand White rabbits receiving daily cyclosporine (15 mg/kg IM) while on a retinoblastoma study. Over the course of 2 mo, rabbits presented with clinical signs of ptyalism (4 of 18 rabbits), inappetence (3 of 18), or both (3 of 18); facial dermatitis and erythema occurred secondary to ptyalism. Reducing the dose of cyclosporine to 10 mg/kg led to complete resolution of clinical signs in all but 2 rabbits, which then received azithromycin (62.5 mg PO once daily for 7 d), a common treatment for cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth in other species. A...
Source: Comparative Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jean SM, Sharma P, Taylor D, Mook D Tags: Comp Med Source Type: journals