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186 records returned

The Hsp90 chaperone machinery: from structure to drug development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Hsp90, an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone, is involved in the folding, stabilization, activation, and assembly of a wide range of 'client' proteins, thus playing a central role in many biological processes. Especially, several oncoproteins act as Hsp90 client proteins and tumor cells require higher Hsp90 activity than normal cells to maintain their malignancy. For this reason, Hsp90 has emerged as a promising target for anti-cancer drug development. It is still largely unknown how Hsp90 can recognize structurally unrelated client proteins. However, recent progress in structural studies on Hsp90 and its int...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hahn JS Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Heat shock transcription factors and sensory placode development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) family consists of at least three members in mammals and regulates expression of heat shock proteins in response to heat shock and proteotoxic stresses. Especially, HSF1 is indispensable for this response. Members of this family are also involved in development of some tissues such as the brain and reproductive organs. However, we did not know the molecular mechanisms that regulate developmental processes. Involvement of HSFs in the sensory development was implicated by the finding that human hereditary cataract is associated with mutations of the HSF4 gene. Analysis of gene-di...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nakai A Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Development and characterization of a fully functional small anti-HER2 antibody.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used CDR and FR sequences from the humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab to design four antibody mimetics. Then these antibody mimetics were fused to human IgG Fc to generate mimetics-Fc small antibodies. One of the four mimetics-Fc antibodies binds well to HER2-overexpressing SK-BR3 cells and effectively inhibits the binding of trastuzumab. This mimetics-Fc, denoted as HMTI-Fc, was shown to be effective in mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and exhibit an antiproliferative effect in SK-BR3 cells. To our knowledge, the HMTI-Fc antibody shown here is the smallest fully functio...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gao J, Li B, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhao L, Wang C, Fang C, Qian W, Hou S, Kou G, Wei H, Shi S, Wang H, Guo Y Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

The opposite correlation between calcium ion and cyclic-AMP regarding the activation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in rat liver.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the effects of Ca(2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on microsomal triglyceride (TG) transfer protein (MTP) activity were investigated in rat liver. MTP activity was high when liver contained low levels of cAMP, which was induced by administration of glucose, or high levels of total Ca(2+) and TG. However, MTP activity increased by high levels of Ca(2+) and TG was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), a cAMP analogue. Conversely, when homogenates of liver from normal rats, with low levels of total Ca(2+) and high levels of cAMP, were incubated with thapsiga...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cho HJ, Kim HS, Yu YB, Kang HC, Lee DH, Rhee MH, Cho JY, Park HJ Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Radish phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase provides protection against hydroperoxide-mediated injury in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Overexpression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) genes has been reported to play an important role in protecting host cells from oxidative injury in several model systems. A radish phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (RsPHGPx) known to have high catalytic activity was applied to mouse 3T3 fibroblasts to determine the protective effects of PHGPx against oxidative injury triggered by hydroperoxides such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH). We observed that preincubation of cells with RsPHGPx significantly ...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li T, Liu GL, Duan MX, Liu JY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Anti-invasive activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors via the induction of Egr-1 and the modulation of tight junction-related proteins in human hepatocarcinoma cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased. In addition, the down-regulation of snail and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in HDAC ...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim SO, Choi BT, Choi IW, Cheong J, Kim GY, Kwon TK, Kim ND, Choi YH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Proteomic analysis of porcine pancreas development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated expression of lineage markers and performed proteomic analysis. Expression of the early lineage markers Pdx1 and Ptf1a was developmentally conserved between mice and pigs, whereas expression of the islet differentiation marker Pax4 was delayed in porcine compared with murine pancreas development. Proteomic analysis found that expression levels of chymotrypsinogen were downregulated during porcine pancreas development while those of digestive enzymes like lipases, elastase and serine protease were up-regulated. In addition, specific isoforms of protein folding assistants such as protein disulf...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Choi JS, Cho YK, Yoon SH, Kwon SO, Koo DB, Yu K Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Lipid accumulation mediated by adiponectin in C2C12 myogenesis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Plasma concentrations of adiponectin have been shown to be decreased in patients with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have found that adiponectin reduces lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether adiponectin is involved in the process of lipid accumulation during myogenesis. Using C2C12 myoblasts, we investigated the effect of adiponectin on intramyocellular lipid accumulation during myogenesis. The results showed that intracellular lipid accumulation is significantly decrease...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yin C, Long Q, Lei T, Chen X, Long H, Feng B, Peng Y, Wu Y, Yang Z Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Isolation and characterization of a novel short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Panax ginseng.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The cDNA of alcohol dehydrogenase (PgADH) was isolated and characterized from the leaf of Panax ginseng. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 801 bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 266 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is approximately 29 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 6.84. Homology analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid of PgADH shares a high degree of homology with the short-chain ADH proteins of other plants. Genomic DNA hybridization analysis indicated that PgADH represents a multi-gene family. The expression of PgADH under various environmental stresses was ana...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim YJ, Shim JS, Lee JH, Jung DY, Sun H, In JG, Yang DC Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Fenofibrate reduces adiposity in pregnant and virgin rats but through different mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fenofibrate has been proven to reduce adiposity. Since gestation produces an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, we comparatively studied this drug-effect in virgin and pregnant rats. Fenofibrate reduced lumbar WAT weight in both pregnant and virgin rats. Fenofibrate treatment did not modify plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in virgin rats, it greatly increased it in pregnant animals. Remarkable differences between the two groups were obtained for two proteins related to fatty acid oxidation and esterification and storing. Respectively, the mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) were ...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gonzalez Mdel C, Vidal H, Herrera E, Bocos C Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces vesicular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the authors found that S1P increases the level of VEGF mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and immortalized HUVECs (iHUVECs). Additionally, S1P was found to increase VEGF promoter activity in MS-1 mouse pancreatic islet endothelial cells. Furthermore, a pharmacological inhibitory study revealed that G(alphai/o)-mediated phospholipase C, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK signaling are involved in this S1P-induced expression of VEGF. A component of AP1 transcription factor is important for S1P-induced VEGF expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that S1P enhances endothelial cell proliferat...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Heo K, Park KA, Kim YH, Kim SH, Oh YS, Kim IH, Ryu SH, Suh PG Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Transcriptional activation of pref-1 by E2F1 in 3T3 L1 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we found that the expression of pref-1 is regulated by the transcription factor E2F1. The expression of pref-1 and E2F1 was strongly induced in preadipocytes and at the late differentiation stage. Using luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay and EMSA, we found that the -211/-194 region of the pref-1 promoter is essential for the binding of E2F1 as well as E2F1-dependent transcriptional activation. Knockdown of E2F1 reduced both pref-1 promoter activity and the level of pref-1 mRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that transcriptional activation of pref-1 is stimulated by E2F1 protein in adipocytes. [BMB repo...
Source: BMB Reports - October 31, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shen YN, Kim YM, Yun CH, Moon YS, Kim SH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Mechanism of amyloidogenesis: nucleation-dependent fibrillation versus double-concerted fibrillation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Amyloidogenesis defines a condition in which a soluble and innocuous protein turns to insoluble protein aggregates known as amyloid fibrils. This protein suprastructure derived via chemically specific molecular self-assembly process has been commonly observed in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Prion diseases. Although the major culprit for the cellular degeneration in the diseases remains unsettled, amyloidogenesis is considered to be etiologically involved. Recent recognition of fibrillar polymorphism observed mostly from in vitro amyloidogeneses may indicate that multiple mec...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bhak G, Choe YJ, Paik SR Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Posttranscriptional and posttranslational determinants of cyclooxygenase expression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are ER-resident proteins that catalyze the committed step in prostanoid synthesis. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many mammalian cells, whereas COX-2 is usually expressed inducibly and transiently. Abnormal expression of COX-2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and various cancers; therefore, it is subject to tight and complex regulation. Differences in regulation of the COX enzymes at the posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels also contribute significantly to their distinct patterns of expression. Rapid degradation of COX-2 mRNA has been at...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mbonye UR, Song I Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Evidence for the association of peroxidases with the antioxidant effect of p-coumaric acid in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose plus arachidonic acid.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, the mechanism by which p-coumaric acid (p-CA) performs its antioxidant action was investigated in bovine aortic endothelial cells under oxidative stress due to high levels of glucose (HG) and arachidonic acid (AA), a free fatty acid. p-CA prevented lipid peroxidation and cell death due to HG+AA without affecting the production of reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant effect of p-CA was not decreased by buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of cellular GSH synthesis. In contrast, pretreatment with p-CA caused the induction of peroxidases that decomposed t-butyl hydroperoxide in a p-CA-dependent manner...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee SJ, Mun GI, An SM, Boo YC Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Regulation of ANKRD9 expression by lipid metabolic perturbations.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) defects cause abnormal lipid accumulation in various tissues, which provides an opportunity to uncover novel genes that are involved in lipid metabolism. During a gene expression study in the riboflavin deficient induced FAO disorder in the chicken, we discovered the dramatic increase in mRNA levels of an uncharacterized gene, ANKRD9. No functions have been ascribed to ANKRD9 and its orthologs, although their sequences are well conserved among vertebrates. To provide insight into the function of ANKRD9, the expression of ANKRD9 mRNA in lipidperturbed paradigms was examined. The hepatic mRNA l...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang X, Newkirk RF, Carre W, Ghose P, Igobudia B, Townsel JG, Cogburn LA Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Inhibitory effects of honokiol on LPS and PMA-induced cellular responses of macrophages and monocytes.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The regulatory effects of honokiol on the cellular responses of macrophages and monocytes were evaluated. Specifically, we investigated the effects of honokiol with respect to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity, LPS- or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-mediated morphological changes, and relevant events (FITC-dextran-induced phagocytic uptake). Honokiol blocked the LPS-induced cytotoxicity of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, honokiol appeared to block the production of cytotoxic cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, nitric oxide (NO), and ...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee SY, Cho JY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Inhibition of methionine sulfoxide reduction by dimethyl sulfoxide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in chemistry and biology as a solvent and as a cryoprotectant. It is also used as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Previous reports described DMSO as being reduced by methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA). However, little is known about the DMSO reduction capability of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB) or its effect on the catalysis of methionine sulfoxide reduction. We show that mammalian MsrB2 and MsrB3 were unable to reduce DMSO. This compound inhibited MsrB2 activity but did not inhibit MsrB3 activity. We fur...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kwak GH, Choi SH, Kim JR, Kim HY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Different modes of antibiotic action of homodimeric and monomeric bactenecin, a cathelicidin-derived antibacterial peptide.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The bactenecin is an antibacterial peptide with an intramolecular disulfide bond. We recently found that homodimeric bactenecin exhibits more potent antibacterial activity than the monomeric form and retains its activity at physiological conditions. Here we assess the difference in the modes of antibiotic action of homodimeric and monomeric bactenecins. Both monomeric and dimeric bactenecins almost completely killed both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli within 10-30 min at concentrations of 8-16 muM. However, exposure to liposomes elicited an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield from a tryptophan-containing mono...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee JY, Yang ST, Kim HJ, Lee SK, Jung HH, Shin SY, Kim JI Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Analysis of microRNA expression profiles during the cell cycle in synchronized HeLa cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cell cycle progression is regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNA regulators of cell cycle as recent evidence suggests. It is hypothesized that expression of specific miRNAs oscillates orderly along with cell cycle progression. However, the oscillated expression patterns of many candidate miRNAs have yet to be determined. Here, we describe miRNA expression profiling in double-thymidine synchronized HeLa cells as cell cycle progresses. Twenty-five differentially expressed miRNAs were classified into five groups based on their...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhou JY, Ma WL, Liang S, Zeng Y, Shi R, Yu HL, Xiao WW, Zheng WL Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Autophagy inhibition through PI3K/Akt increases apoptosis by sodium selenite in NB4 cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we have investigated the role of autophagy in selenium-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells. We find that autophagy is suppressed in NB4 cells treated by sodium selenite, as measured by electron microscope, acridine orange staining and western blot. Moreover, selenite combined with autophagy inhibitor contributes to the up-regulation of apoptosis, while the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is down- regulated. Consistently, when the inhibitor of PI3K was applied, the autophagic level significantly decreased. In summary, sodium selenite increases NB4 cell apoptosis by autophagy inhibition through PI3K/Akt, and the inhibit...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ren Y, Huang F, Liu Y, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Xu C Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Enhanced functional and structural properties of high-density lipoproteins from runners and wrestlers compared to throwers and lifters.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, although all athlete groups had significantly better serum lipid/lipoprotein profiles than the reference group, runners and wrestlers had the most desirable lipoprotein function and structure, including antioxidant activity, HDL-associated enzyme activities and increased particle size. [BMB reports 2009; 42(9): 605-610]. PMID: 19788863 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BMB Reports)
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee H, Park JE, Choi I, Cho KH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Expression of dehydration responsive element-binding protein-3 (DREB3) under different abiotic stresses in tomato.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the expression pattern of dehydration responsive element-binding protein-3 in tomato under different abiotic stresses. Full length LeDREB3 cDNA was isolated from tomato plant, followed by phylogenetic analysis based on deduced amino acid sequences that revealed significant sequence similarity to DREB proteins belonging to diverse families of plant species. Southern blot analysis showed duplicate copies of LeDREB3 in the tomato genome while organ-specific expression profiling indicated constitutive expression of LeDREB3 in all tested organs, which was particularly strong in flower. LeDREB3 expression was...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Islam MS, Wang MH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Identification of epistasis in ischemic stroke using multifactor dimensionality reduction and entropy decomposition.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We investigated the genetic associations of ischemic stroke by identifying epistasis of its heterogeneous subtypes such as small vessel occlusion (SVO) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Epistasis was analyzed with 24 genes in 207 controls and 271 patients (SVO = 110, LAA = 95) using multifactor dimensionality reduction and entropy decomposition. The multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis with any of 1- to 4-locus models showed no significant association with LAA (P > 0.05). The analysis of SVO, however, revealed a significant association in the best 3-locus model with P10L of TGF-beta1, C1013T of SPP1, ...
Source: BMB Reports - September 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park J, Kim Y, Lee C Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Aberrant phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is a brief overview of the altered protein phosphorylation pathways found in AD. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the activities of protein kinases and phosphatases are altered as well as the phosphorylation events in AD can potentially reveal novel insights into the role aberrant phosphorylation plays in the pathogenesis of AD, providing support for protein phosphorylation as a potential treatment strategy for AD. [BMB reports 2009; 42(8): 467- 474]. PMID: 19712581 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BMB Reports)
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chung SH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Emerging data demonstrate pivotal roles for brain insulin resistance and insulin deficiency as mediators of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) regulate neuronal survival, energy metabolism, and plasticity, which are required for learning and memory. Hence, endogenous brain-specific impairments in insulin and IGF signaling account for the majority of AD-associated abnormalities. However, a second major mechanism of cognitive impairment has been linked to obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Human and experimental animal studies...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Monte SM Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Oenanthe javanica extract accelerates ethanol metabolism in ethanol-treated animals.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effect of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC) extract in eliminating ethanol was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbit and ICR mice. When a hot-water extract of water dropwort extract and ethanol was injected into New Zealand white rabbit, the plasma ethanol level was rapidly reduced, similar to metadoxine treatment. Specifically, the n-butanol fraction of hot-water extract was the strongest in eliminating plasma alcohol in ICR mice. When ethanol was orally ingested, administration of the hot-water extract eliminated up to 44% of the plasma ethanol in mice while the n-butanol fraction eliminated around 70%. Alcoh...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim JY, Kim KH, Lee YJ, Lee SH, Park JC, Nam DH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Expression of a rice DREB1 gene, OsDREB1D, enhances cold and high-salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
OsDREB1D, a special DREB (dehydration responsive element binding protein) homologous gene, whose transcripts cannot be detected in rice (Oryza sativa L), either with or without stress treatments, was amplified from the rice genome DNA. The yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that OsDREB1D was able to form a complex with the dehydration responsive element/C-repeat motif. It can also bind with a sequence of LTRE (low temperature responsive element). To analyze the function of OsDREB1D, the gene was transformed and over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana cv. Columbia. Results indicated that the over-expression of OsDREB1D conf...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang Y, Chen C, Jin XF, Xiong AS, Peng RH, Hong YH, Yao QH, Chen JM Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Expression of miR-210 during erythroid differentiation and induction of gamma-globin gene expression.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs in a sequence specific manner, inducing translational repression or mRNA degradation. In this paper we have first analyzed by microarray the miR-profile in erythroid precursor cells from one normal and two thalassemic patients expressing different levels of fetal hemoglobin (one of them displaying HPFH phenotype). The microarray data were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis, and allowed us to identify miR-210 as an highly expressed miR in the erythroid precursor cells from the HPFH patient. When RT-PCR was performed on mithr...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bianchi N, Zuccato C, Lampronti I, Borgatti M, Gambari R Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Anti-oxidative effects of Phellinus linteus and red ginseng extracts on oxidative stress-induced DNA damage.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Anti-oxidative effect of Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) and red ginseng extracts on DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated in this study. P. linteus (PLE) and red ginseng extracts (RGE) inhibited the breaking of E. coli ColE1 plasmid DNA strands as well as nuclear DNA of rat hepatocytes damaged by oxidative stress. In addition, a reaction mixture of PLE and RGE showed synergistic inhibitory effect against DNA damage. These results suggest that PLE and RGE have a cellular defensive effect against DNA damage induced by ROS. [BMB reports 2009; 42(8): 500-505]. PMID: 19712586 [PubMed - in...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park BJ, Lim YS, Lee HJ, Eum WS, Park J, Han KH, Choi SY, Lee KS Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

N-terminal GNBP homology domain of Gram-negative binding protein 3 functions as a beta-1,3-glucan binding motif in Tenebrio molitor.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The Toll signalling pathway in invertebrates is responsible for defense against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, leading to the expression of antimicrobial peptides via NF-kappaB-like transcription factors. Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3) detects beta-1,3-glucan, a fungal cell wall component, and activates a three step serine protease cascade for activation of the Toll signalling pathway. Here, we showed that the recombinant N-terminal domain of Tenebrio molitor GNBP3 bound to beta-1,3-glucan, but did not activate down-stream serine protease cascade in vitro. Reversely, the N-terminal domain blocked GNBP3-medi...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee H, Kwon HM, Park JW, Kurokawa K, Lee BL Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

DOBI is cleaved by caspases during TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Downstream of Bid (DOBI) known as Pus10, has been identified as a modulator of TRAIL-induced cell death using RNAi library screening. The crystal structure of DOBI has revealed that it is a crescent-shaped protein containing the pseudouridine synthase catalytic domain and a THUMP-containing domain. Here, we demonstrated that DOBI is expressed in various tissues such as heart and lung, and is also expressed in various tumor cells such as HeLa and A549. Although ectopic expression of DOBI does not promote TRAIL death signaling in HeLa cells, knock-down of DOBI expression using shRNA inhibited TRAIL death signaling. DOBI ...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park SY, Shin JN, Woo HN, Piya S, Moon AR, Seo YW, Seol DW, Kim TH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

SH2D4A regulates cell proliferation via the ERalpha/PLC-gamma/PKC pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we investigated the function of SH2D4A in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells using interaction analysis, cell proliferation assays, and kinase activity detection. SH2D4A was found to directly bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), and prevent the recruitment of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) to ERalpha. Moreover, we observed its inhibitory effects on estrogen-induced cell proliferation, involving the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway. Together, these findings suggested that SH2D4A inhibited cell proliferation by suppression of the ERalpha/PLC-gamma/PKC signaling pathway. SH2D4A may be useful...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li T, Li W, Lu J, Liu H, Li Y, Zhao Y Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Cloning and characterization of phosphomannose isomerase from sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate in the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis pathway. The gene encoding PMI in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The pmi gene is 1,410 nucleotides long and the deduced amino acid sequence shares high homology with other bifunctional proteins that possess both PMI and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) activities. The sequence analysis of PMI revealed two domains with three conserved motifs: a GMP domain at the N-terminus and a PMI domain at the C-terminus. Enzyme assays...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tran ST, Le DT, Kim YC, Shin M, Choi JD Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

ADFP promoter polymorphism associated with marbling score in Korean cattle.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of the adipose differentiation-related protein gene (ADFP) and carcass traits in Korean cattle (also known as Hanwoo). Using direct DNA sequencing in 24 unrelated Korean cattle, 25 novel polymorphisms were identified within all exons and their flanking regions of ADFP, including the promoter region (1.5 kb). Among them, 21 polymorphic sites were selected for genotyping in the beef cattle (n = 425). Statistical analyses revealed that one promoter polymorphism (c.-56-18A > G) was associated with MS (P = 0.009). The "A" allele of c.-56-18A > G ...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cheong HS, Yoon DH, Bae JS, Kim LH, Kim EM, Kim JO, Hong J, Kim N, Shin HD Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Kv1.3 voltage-gated K(+) channel subunit as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels are widely expressed in the plasma membranes of numerous cells such as epithelial cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Kv channels are associated with the proliferation of several types of cancer cells. Specifically, Kv1.3 seems to be involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the expression of Kv1.3 in immortalized and tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. We also evaluated the expression level of Kv1.3 in each stage of breast cancer using mRNA isolated from breast cancer patients. In addition, treatment with tetraethylammoniu...
Source: BMB Reports - August 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jang SH, Kang KS, Ryu PD, Lee SY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Biomedicinal implications of high-density lipoprotein: its composition, structure, functions, and clinical applications.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a proven biomarker for the monitoring of changes in antioxidant and anti-inflammation capability of body fluids. The beneficial virtues of HDL are highly dependent on its lipids and protein compositions, and their ratios. In normal state, the HDL particle is enriched with lipids and several HDL-associated enzymes, which are responsible for its antioxidant activity. Lower HDL-cholesterol levels (40 mg/dL) have been recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, as well as being a known component of metabolic syndrome. Functional and structural changes of HDL have ...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Cho KH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Targeted chiral lipidomics analysis of bioactive eicosanoid lipids in cellular systems.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We have developed a targeted lipidomics approach that makes it possible to directly analyze chiral eicosanoid lipids generated in cellular systems. The eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs) and alcohols (HETEs), have been implicated as potent lipid mediators of various biological processes. Enzymatic formations of eicosanoids are regioselective and enantioselective, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated formation proceeds with no stereoselectivity. To distinguish between enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of eicosanoid formation, it is necessary to resolve enanti...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee SH, Blair IA Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Multiple hTAF(II)31-binding motifs in the intrinsically unfolded transcriptional activation domain of VP16.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transcriptional activation domain (TAD) in virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus does not have any globular structure, yet exhibits a potent transcriptional activity. In order to probe the structural basis for the transcriptional activity of VP16 TAD, we have used NMR spectroscopy to investigate its detailed structural features. Results show that an unbound VP16 TAD is not merely "unstructured" but contains four short motifs (residues 424-433, 442-446, 465-467 and 472-479) with transient structural order. Pre-structured motifs in other intrinsically unfolded proteins (IUPs) were shown to be critically involv...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim DH, Lee SH, Nam KH, Chi SW, Chang I, Han KH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Effects of epitope sequence tandem repeat and proline incorporation on polyclonal antibody production against cytochrome 1A2 and 3A4.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe a method for producing polyclonal antibodies against peptide antigen cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A4 using a tandem repeat of the epitope region and incorporation of proline residue between the repeated sequences. An ELISA assay revealed more efficient generation of polyclonal antibodies to tandem repeat peptide antigens than mono-epitope peptides. The incorporation of proline residues further stimulated antibody production. [BMB reports 2009; 42(7): 418-420]. PMID: 19643038 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BMB Reports)
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ahn T, Yun CH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Transcriptional activation of an anti-oxidant mouse Pon2 gene by dexamethasone.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Glucocorticoids regulate multiple physiological processes such as metabolic homeostasis and immune response. Mouse Pon2 (mPon2) acts as an antioxidant to reduce cellular oxidative stress in cells. In this present study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of mPon2 by glucocorticoids. In the presence of glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone, the expression of mPon2 mRNA in cells was increased, whereas the expression was inhibited by a transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Glucocorticoid receptors bound to the putative glucocorticoid response elements located between -593 bp and -575 bp of the mPon2 promoter....
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lim JA, Kim SH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Static tensional forces increase osteogenic gene expression in three-dimensional periodontal ligament cell culture.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we used DNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR to identify genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells that undergo significant changes in expression in response to static tensional forces (2 or 12 hours). The genes found were alkaline phospatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and several collagen genes. Furthermore, an ELISA evaluating the expression of VEGF, type IV collagen and MMP-2 found levels significantly increased after 24 and 72 hours (P 0.05). ALP activity was also increased after 24 hours (P 0.05). Collectively, we found the genes up-regulated...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ku SJ, Chang YI, Chae CH, Kim SG, Park YW, Jung YK, Choi JY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Proteome analysis of the m. longissimus dorsi between fattening stages in Hanwoo steer.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to identify proteins in the m. longissimus dorsi between early (12 months of age) and late (27 months of age) fattening stages of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, 8 proteins of 11 differentially expressed spots between the 12 and 27 month age groups were identified in the loin muscle. Among those that were differentially expressed, zinc finger 323 and myosin light chain were highly expressed in late-fattening stage, and two catabolic enzymes, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were expressed more in the...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim NK, Lee SH, Cho YM, Son ES, Kim KY, Lee CS, Yoon D, Im SK, Oh SJ, Park EW Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Differential expression of a poplar SK(2)-type dehydrin gene in response to various stresses.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Dehydrins are group II, late embryogenesis abundant proteins that act putatively as chaperones in stressed plants. To elucidate the function of dehydrins in poplar, we isolated the SK(2)-type dehydrin gene Podhn from Populus alba x P. tremula var. glandulosa suspension cells and analyzed its expression following treatments of abiotic stress, wounding and plant growth regulator. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analyses indicate Podhn encodes an acidic dehydrin (pI 5.14, 277 amino acids, predicted size 25.6 kDa) containing two lysine-rich "K-segments" and a 7-serine residue "S-segment", both characteristic of SK(2)-ty...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bae EK, Lee H, Lee JS, Noh EW Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Cytosolic prion protein induces apoptosis in human neuronal cell SH-SY5Y via mitochondrial disruption pathway.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Different neurodegenerative disorders like prion disease, is caused by protein misfolding conformers. Reverse-transfected cytosolic prion protein (PrP) and PrP expressed in the cytosol have been shown to be neurotoxic. To investigate the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity due to accumulation of PrP in cytosol, a PrP mutant lacking the signal and GPI (CytoPrP) was introduced into the SH-SY5Y cell. MTT and trypan blue assays indicated that the viability of cells expressing CytoPrP was remarkably reduced after treatment of MG-132. Obvious apoptosis phenomena were detected in the cells accumulated with CytoPrP, including ...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang X, Dong CF, Shi Q, Shi S, Wang GR, Lei YJ, Xu K, An R, Chen JM, Jiang HY, Tian C, Gao C, Zhao YJ, Han J, Dong XP Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Proteome analysis of chloroplast proteins in stage albinism line of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) FA85.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The "stage albinism line of winter wheat" FA85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. This physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. In order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-DE was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between FA85 and its parent wheat Aibian 1. From the results of 2-DE gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-fold. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, 14 of 57 spots were identified, which could be categorized into four classes: carbon metabolism, ...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hou DY, Xu H, Du GY, Lin JT, Duan M, Guo AG Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Proteomic characterization of differentially expressed proteins associated with no stress in retinal ganglion cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Proteomic analyses of differentially expressed proteins in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) following S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor, treatment were conducted. Of the approximately 314 protein spots that were detected, 19 were differentially expressed in response to treatment with GSNO. Of these, 14 proteins were up-regulated and 5 were down- regulated. Notably, an increase in GAPDH expression following GSNO treatment was detected in RGC-5 cells through Western blotting as well as proteomics. The increased GAPDH expression in response to GSNO treatment was accompanied by an increase in Herc6 protein, an E3 ...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim JJ, Kim YH, Lee MY Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Effects of protein concentration and detergent on endotoxin reduction by ultrafiltration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), found in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, only exerts its toxic effects when in free form. LPS has three major parts, lipid A, the toxic component, along with a core polysaccharide and O-specific polysaccharide. LPS monomers are known to have molecular masses between 10 to 30 kDa. Under physiological conditions, LPS exists in equilibrium between monomer and vesicle forms. LPS removal by 100 kDa ultrafiltration was more efficient (99.6% of LPS removed) with a low concentration of protein (2.0 mg/ml) compared to a high concentration (20.1 mg/ml). In the presence of different deterge...
Source: BMB Reports - July 30, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jang H, Kim HS, Moon SC, Lee YR, Yu KY, Lee BK, Youn HZ, Jeong YJ, Kim BS, Lee SH, Kim JS Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Next-generation gene targeting in the mouse for functional genomics.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to elucidate ultimate biological function of the genome, the model animal system carrying mutations is indispensable. Recently, large-scale mutagenesis projects have been launched in various species. Especially, the mouse is considered to be an ideal model to human because it is a mammalian species accompanied with well-established genetic as well as embryonic technologies. In 1990's, large-scale mouse mutagenesis projects firstly initiated with a potent chemical mutagen, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) by the phenotype-driven approach or forward genetics. The knockout mouse mutagenesis projects with trapping/cond...
Source: BMB Reports - June 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gondo Y, Fukumura R, Murata T, Makino S Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals

Autophagy in neurodegeneration: two sides of the same coin.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Autophagy is a bulk lysosomal degradation process important in development, differentiation and cellular homeostasis in multiple organs. Interestingly, neuronal survival is highly dependent on autophagy due to its post-mitotic nature, polarized morphology and active protein trafficking. A growing body of evidence now suggests that alteration or dysfunction of autophagy causes accumulation of abnormal proteins and/or damaged organelles, thereby leading to neurodegenerative disease. Although autophagy generally prevents neuronal cell death, it plays a protective or detrimental role in neurodegenerative disease depending ...
Source: BMB Reports - June 29, 2009 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lee JA Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: journals