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The role of community health workers in improving child health programmes in MaliEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of this study was to assess the performance of CHWs in the promotion of basic child health services in rural Mali. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken using multi-stage cluster sampling of wards and villages. Data was collected through questionnaires among 401 child-caregivers and registers of 72 CHWs. Results: Of 401 households suppose to receive a visit by a CHW, 219 (54.6%; confidence interval 95%; 49.6-59.5) had received at least one visit in the last three months before the survey. The mother is the most important caregiver (97%); high percentage being illiterate. Caregivers ...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - November 10, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Freddy PerezHamady BaSayed DastagireMathias Altmann Source Type: journals

The forsaken mental health of the Indigenous Peoples - a moral case of outrageous exclusion in Latin AmericaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DiscussionThe Pan American Health Organization's sponsored workshop "Programas y Servicios de Salud Mental en Communidades Indigenas" [Mental Health Programs and Services for the Indigenous Communities] in the city of Santa Cruz, Bolivia on July16 - 18, 1998, appeared promising. However, eleven years later, no specific mental health program has been designed nor developed for the Indigenous Peoples in Latin America. This paper makes four specific recommendations for improvements in the approach of the Pan American Health Organization: (1) focus activities on what can be done; (2) build partnerships with the Indigenous Peop...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - October 29, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Mario IncayawarSioui Maldonado-Bouchard Source Type: journals

Employment in the Ecuadorian cut-flower industry and the risk of spontaneous abortionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This exploratory analysis suggests a potential adverse association between employment in the cut-flower industry and SAB. Study limitations include the absence of a temporal relation between exposure and SAB, no quantification of specific pesticides, and residual confounding such as physical stressors (i.e., standing). Considering that approximately half of the Ecuadorian flower laborers are women, our results emphasize the need for an evaluating the reproductive health effects of employment in the flower industry on reproductive health in this population. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - October 7, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Alexis HandalSioban Harlow Source Type: journals

Reports of evidence planting by police among a community-based sample of injection drug users in Bangkok, ThailandEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: A high proportion of community-recruited IDU participating in this study reported having drugs planted on them by police. Drug planting was found to be associated with numerous risk factors including syringe sharing and participation in government-run drug treatment programs. Immediate action should be taken to address this form of abuse of power reportedly used by police. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - October 6, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Nadia FairbairnKaryn KaplanKanna HayashiCalvin LaiEvan WoodThomas Kerr Source Type: journals

Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort study: follow-up processes at 20 years.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The high retention rate of this follow-up 20 years after birth recruitment is a testament to the development of successful multiphase protocols to overcome the challenges of tracing a cohort over a widespread remote area and to the perseverance of the study personnel. We also interpret the high retention rate as a reflection of the good will of the wider Aboriginal community towards this study and that researchers' interactions with the community were positive. The continued follow-up of this life course study now seems feasible and there are plans to trace and reexamine the cohort at age 25 years. (Source: BMC...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - September 23, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Susan SayersGurmeet SinghDorothy MackerrasMegan LawranceWendy GunthorpeLisa JamiesonBelinda DavisonKobi SchutzJoseph Fitz Source Type: journals

"Just like fever": a qualitative study on the impact of antiretroviral provision on the normalisation of HIV in rural Tanzania and its implications for preventionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: As long as an HIV diagnosis continues to have moral connotations, a de-stigmatisation of HIV paralleling that occurring with diseases like cancer is unlikely to occur. Maximizing synergies between HIV treatment and prevention requires an enabling environment for HIV status disclosure, treatment continuation, and safer sexual behaviours. Local leaders should be informed and sensitised and communities mobilised to address the blame-dimension of HIV stigma. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - September 9, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Maria RouraAlison WringeJoanna BuszaBenjamin NhandiDoris MbataBasia ZabaMark Urassa Source Type: journals

"Just like fever": a qualitative study on the impact of antiretroviral provision on the normalisation of HIV in rural Tanzania and its implications for prevention.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: As long as an HIV diagnosis continues to have moral connotations, a de-stigmatisation of HIV paralleling that occurring with diseases like cancer is unlikely to occur. Maximizing synergies between HIV treatment and prevention requires an enabling environment for HIV status disclosure, sustaining treatment, and safer sexual behaviours. Local leaders should be informed and sensitised and communities mobilised to address the blame-dimension of HIV stigma. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - September 8, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Maria RouraAlison WringeJoanna BuszaBenjamin NhandiDoris MbataBasia ZabaMark Urassa Source Type: journals

Something old or something new? Social health insurance in GhanaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Some trade-offs will be necessary between the existing wide benefits package of the NHIS and the laudable desire to reach universal coverage. The overall resource envelope for health is likely to be stable rather than increasing over the medium-term. In the longer term, the investment costs in the NHIS will only be justified if it is able to increase the cost-effectiveness of purchasing and the responsiveness of the system as a whole. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 27, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sophie WitterBertha Garshong Source Type: journals

Developing a health and human rights training program for french speaking Africa: lessons learned, from needs assessment to a pilot programEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In combining various approaches our study was able to show that training needs concentrate around tools allowing the identification of basic human rights violations in the health system, the analysis of their causes and coordinated responses through specific intervention projects. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 23, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Philippe ChastonayAxel Max KlohnVeronique ZesigerFranziska FreigburhausEmmanuel Mpinga Kabengele Source Type: journals

Correlates of unintended pregnancy among currently pregnant married women in NepalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: One of the important factors contributing to high level of maternal and infant mortality is unintended pregnancy. Programs should aim to reduce unintended pregnancy by focusing on all these identified factors so that infant and maternal mortality and morbidity as well as the need for abortion are decreased and the overall well-being of the family is maintained and enhanced. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 10, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ramesh AdhikariKusol SoonthorndhadaPramote Prasartkul Source Type: journals

Sri Lankan tsunami refugees: A cross sectional study of the relationships between housing conditions and self-reported healthEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Internally displaced people living in transitional camps are a vulnerable population and specific interventions need to be targeted at this population to address the health inequalities that they report to be experiencing. Further studies need to be conducted to establish which aspects of their housing environment predispose them to poorer health. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 4, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Alex TurnerSameera PathiranaAmanda DaleyParamjit Gill Source Type: journals

Sex, gender, and health biotechnology: points to considerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DiscussionWe propose sex and gender considerations at five critical stages of health biotechnology research and development: priority setting; technology design; clinical trials; commercialization, and health services delivery.SummaryApplying a systematic sex and gender framework to five key process stages of health biotechnology research and development could be a first step towards unlocking the opportunities of this promising science for women in the developing world. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 20, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Jerome Amir SinghSunita BandewarPeter Singer Source Type: journals

Factors associated with attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women: a comparative analysis of 17 sub-Saharan countriesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: In most Sub-Saharan African countries studied where IPVAW is widely accepted as a response to women's transgressing gender norms, men find less justification for the practice than do women. The present study suggests that proactive efforts are needed to change these norms, such as promotion of higher education and socio-demographic development. The magnitude and direction of factors associated with attitudes towards IPVAW varies widely across the countries, thus suggesting the significance of capitalizing on need-adapted interventions tailored to fit conditions in each country. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 19, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Olalekan UthmanStephen LawokoTahereh Moradi Source Type: journals

An integrated approach of community health worker support for HIV/AIDS and TB care in MozambiqueEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The community health team has several advantages over 'disease-specific' community health worker approaches in terms of accountability, acceptability, and expanded access to care. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 16, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sandrine SimonKathryn ChuMarthe FriedenBaltazar CandrinhoNathan FordHelen SchneiderMarc Biot Source Type: journals

Collective violence and attitudes of women toward intimate partner violence: Evidence from the Niger Delta.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The increased justification of intimate partner violence among the women in the Niger Delta could be explained by a combination of factors, among which are cognitive dissonance theory (attitudes that do not fit with other opinions they hold as a means of coping with their situation), ecological theory (behaviour or attitudes being shaped by current factors in their neighbourhood, community or family), and gender-role attitudes. Further in-depth studies are required to fully understand women's attitudes toward violence in areas of conflict. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 9, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Diddy AntaiJustina Antai Source Type: journals

Methamphetamine use and correlates in two villages of the highland ethnic Karen minority in northern Thailand: a cross sectional studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Since labor migration to towns is increasingly common among ethnic minorities, the prevention of methamphetamine use and of HIV/STI infection among methamphetamine users should be prioritized to prevent HIV in this minority population in Thailand. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 15, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Eiko Kobori, Surasing Visrutaratna, Yuko Maeda, Siriporn Wongchai, Akiko Kada, Masako Ono-Kihara, Yoko Hayami and Masahiro Kihara Source Type: journals

Survey on prevalence and risk factors on HIV-1 among pregnant women in North-Rift, Kenya: a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted between 2005 and 2006Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HIV was found to be consistent with the reports from the national HIV sentinel surveys. Enumeration of T-lymphocyte (CD4/8) should be carried out routinely in the antenatal clinics for proper timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected pregnant women. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 30, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Michael Kiptoo, Solomon Mpoke, Zipporah Ng'ang'a, Jones Mueke, Fredrick Okoth and Elijah Songok Source Type: journals

Socio-economic factors associated with delivery assisted by traditional birth attendants in Iraq, 2000Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that having delivery supervised by traditional birth attendants was associated with young maternal age, low education, and being poor. Meanwhile women having 1 or 2 children were less likely to be delivered by TBAs. These factors should be considered in the design of interventions to reduce the rate of deliveries assisted by TBAs in favour of professional midwives, and consequently reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates and other adverse events. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 2, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Seter Siziya, Adamson S Muula and Emmanuel Rudatsikira Source Type: journals

Stakeholder Perceptions of Mental health Stigma and Poverty in Uganda.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: According to a range of mental health stakeholders in Uganda, there is a strong interrelationship between poverty, stigma and mental illness. These findings re-affirm the need to recognize material resources as a central element in the fight against stigma of mental illness, and the importance of stigma reduction programmes in protecting the mentally ill from social isolation, particularly in conditions of poverty. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 31, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Joshua Ssebunnya, Fred Kigozi, Crick Lund, Dorothy Kizza and Elialilia Okello Source Type: journals

Economic burden of diabetes mellitus in the WHO African regionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: In spite of data limitations, the estimates reported here show that diabetes imposes a substantial economic burden on countries of the WHO African Region. That heavy burden underscores the urgent need for increased investments in the prevention and management of diabetes. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 31, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Joses M Kirigia, Hama B Sambo, Luis G Sambo and Saidou P Barry Source Type: journals

Impact of the introduction of ultrasound services in a limited resource setting: rural Rwanda 2008Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: We suggest ultrasound is a useful modality that particularly benefits women's health and obstetrical care in the developing world. Ultrasound services significantly impact patient management plans especially with regards to potential surgical interventions. After an initial training period, it appears that an ultrasound program led by local health care providers is sustainable and lead to accurate diagnoses in a rural international setting. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 27, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sachita P Shah, Henry Epino, Gene Bukhman, Irenee Umulisa, JMV Dushimiyimana, Andrew Reichman and Vicki E Noble Source Type: journals

Impact of the introduction of ultrasound services in a limited resource setting: Rural Rwanda 2008.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We suggest ultrasound is a useful modality that particularly benefits women's health and obstetrical care in the developing world. Ultrasound services significantly impact patient management plans especially with regards to potential surgical interventions. After an initial training period, it appears that an ultrasound program led by local health care providers is sustainable and lead to accurate diagnoses in a rural international setting. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 27, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sachita P. Shah, Henry Epino, Gene Bukhman, Irenee Umulisa, Jmv Dushimiyimana, Andrew Reichman and Vicki E. Noble Source Type: journals

Knowledge of modifiable risk factors of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (CASHD) among a sample in IndiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: The prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (CASHD) is increasing in India. Several modifiable risk factors contribute directly to this disease burden. Public knowledge of such risk factors among the urban Indian population is largely unknown. This investigation attempts to quantify knowledge of modifiable risk factors of CASHD as sampled among an Indian population at a large metropolitan hospital. Methods: A hospital-based, cross sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), a major tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Participants (n=217) recruited from ...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - February 4, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Omar Saeed, Vineet Gupta, Naveen Dhawan, Leanne Streja, John S Shin, Melvin Ku, Sanjeev Bhoi and Sanjay Verma Source Type: journals

Measuring the health impact of human rights violations related to Australian asylum policies and practices: a mixed methods studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Government asylum policies and practices violating human rights norms are associated with demonstrable psychological health impacts. This link between policy, rights violations and health outcomes offers a framework for addressing the impact of socio-political structures on health. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - February 3, 2009 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Vanessa Johnston, Pascale Allotey, Kim Mulholland and Milica Markovic Source Type: journals

HIV/AIDS awareness and risk behavior among students in Semey, Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional surveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Risks for the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people in Kazakhstan include prostitution as well as stigmatization of the HIV positive and of homosexuals. Protective factors are good knowledge about risks and protection, and opportunities to talk and gather information about sexuality and HIV/AIDS. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - December 16, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Marit Hansson, Leo Stockfelt, Marat Urazalin, Clas Ahlm and Rune Andersson Source Type: journals

"One country, two systems": Sociopolitical implications for female migrant sex workers in Hong Kong.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Female migrant sex workers in Hong Kong are extremely vulnerable to a number of occupational health and safety hazards which have significantly detrimental effects on their health. These risks can best be understood within a broad framework of socio-political factors contributing to their vulnerability. Ensuring that migrant sex workers have adequate support for their health and legal rights requires require structural interventions such as decriminalisation and providing open and inclusive access to health service to counteract such factors. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - December 12, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: William CW Wong, Eleanor Holroyd, Emily Y Chan, Sian Griffiths and Amie Bingham Source Type: journals

"I never had the money for blood testing" - Caretakers' experiences of care-seeking for fatal childhood fevers in rural Uganda - a mixed methods studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The management of severely ill children in this rural setting has several shortcomings: However, the majority of children were seen by a health care provider during the final illness. Improvements of basic health care for children suffering from acute febrile illness are likely to contribute to a substantial reduction of fatal outcomes. Health care providers at all levels and private as well as public should receive training, support, equipment and supplies to enable basic health care for children suffering from common illnesses. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - December 2, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Helena Hildenwall, Goran Tomson, Judith Kaija, George Pariyo and Stefan Peterson Source Type: journals

Using data envelopment analysis to measure the extent of technical efficiency of public health centres in GhanaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The results broadly point to grave inefficiency in the health care delivery system of public health centers and that significant amounts of resources could be saved if measures were put in place to curb the waste. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - November 20, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: James Akazili, Martin Adjuik, Caroline Jehu-Appiah and Eyob Zere Source Type: journals

Awareness of health effects of cooking smoke among women in the Gondar Region of Ethiopia: a pilot surveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of the health-effects of indoor biomass cooking smoke may be the first step in implementing a programme to reduce exposure. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 18, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Michael Edelstein, Emma Pitchforth, Getahun Asres, Mike Silverman and Neeta Kulkarni Source Type: journals

A multilevel analysis of effect of neighbourhood and individual wealth status on sexual behaviour among women: evidence from Nigeria 2003 Demographic and Health SurveyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The study has demonstrated that individual and community wealth status are independent predictors of women's sexual behaviour, and that there is significant neighbourhood variation in odds of multiple concurrent sex partners, even after controlling for effects of both individual- and community-level characteristics. Scholars trying to understand variation individual high risk sexual behaviour should pay attention to the characteristics of both individuals and places of residence. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 27, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Olalekan A Uthman and Eugene J Kongnyuy Source Type: journals

Mental health of returnees: refugees in Germany prior to their state-sponsored repatriationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Psychological strains among the study participants were very high. Traumatic stress, experienced during war and refuge, has left the victims vulnerable and not well equipped to cope with post-migration stressors in exile. It is noteworthy that the majority returned under pressure of the immigration authorities. The fear of an uncertain future after the return was substantial. These factors should be taken into account in programs designed to assist returnees, including those that offer support after return to the country of origin. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 12, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ulrike von Lersner, Ulrike Wiens, Thomas Elbert and Frank Neuner Source Type: journals

Self-rated health among Mayan women participating in a randomised intervention trial reducing indoor air pollution in GuatemalaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study was conducted in rural highland Guatemala, involving 89 intervention and 80 control Mayan Indian young women (mean 27.8 years, SD 7.2). Outcomes were assessed after approximately 18 months use of the new stove. Our objectives were to compare self-rated health and change in health among women participating in a randomised control trial comparing a chimney stove with an open fire, to describe impacts on women's daily lives and their perceptions of how reduced kitchen smoke affects their own and their children's health. Results: On intention-to-treat analysis, 52.8% of intervention women reported improvement in he...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 5, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Esperanza Diaz, Nigel Bruce, Dan Pope, Anaite Diaz, Kirk R Smith and Tone Smith-Sivertsen Source Type: journals

Health and lifestyle of Nepalese migrants in the UKEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The self reported health status and lifestyle, health seeking behaviour of Nepalese people who are residing in UK appears to be good. However, the overall regular exercise and dentist registration was rather poor. Health promotion, especially aimed at Nepalese migrants could help encourage them to exercise regularly and assist them to register with a dentist. Key words: globalisation, immigration, health, tobacco, alcohol, ethnicity (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 23, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Pratik Adhikary, Padam P Simkhada, Edwin R van Teijlingen and Amalraj E Raja Source Type: journals

Metabolic control in a nationally representative diabetic elderly sample in Costa Rica: patients at community health centers vs. patients at other health care settings.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Levels of metabolic control among elderly population with DM in Costa Rica are not that different from those observed in industrialized countries. Elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL at community health centers may indicate problems of dyslipidemia treatment among diabetic patients; these problems are not observed in other health care settings. The Costa Rican health care system should address this problem, given that community health centers constitute a means of democratizing access to primary health care to underserved and poor areas. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 14, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Gilbert Brenes-Camacho and Luis Rosero-Bixby Source Type: journals

Commentary: Observations of harmonic output produced by Coleoptera ingredior (unus) with specific regard to the sub-aquatic yellow conveyanceEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: No verifiable statements of assertion were found with regard to the sub-aquatic yellow conveyance. Indeed no evidence was found to back up even the most basic assertion, for example it has been found that far more than just a sky of blue, sea of green and yellow submarine is needed to maintain human life. Neither is it made clear how to reconcile the statement 'all our friends live next door' to the very basic observation that they all live in a yellow submarine. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - April 30, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Reginald Dwight Source Type: journals

Unreported births and deaths, a severe obstacle for improved neonatal survival in low-income countries; a population based studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This example of a faulty health information system is reportedly not unique in low and middle income countries where needs for neonatal health reforms are greatest. Improving reporting systems on births and neonatal deaths is a matter of human rights and a prerequisite for reducing neonatal mortality in order to reach the fourth millennium goal. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 28, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Mats Målqvist, Leif Eriksson, Nguyen Thu Nga, Linn Irene Fagerland, Dinh Phuong Hoa, Lars Wallin, Uwe Ewald and Lars-Åke Persson Source Type: journals

Systematic synthesis of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) project evaluation reports for evidence-based policy: a proof-of-concept studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The application of the synthesis methodology utilised in this proof-of-concept study was found to be potentially very beneficial for future research in CBR, and indeed in any area within health services or international development in which evaluation reports rather than formal aresearch evidencea is the primary source material. The proof-of-concept study identified a number of limitations which are outlined. Based on the conclusions of 37 evaluation reports, future policy frameworks and implementation strategies in CBR should include a stronger emphasis on technical, organisational, administrative and personn...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 6, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Pim Kuipers, Sheila Wirz and Sally Hartley Source Type: journals

Exploring synergies between human rights and public health ethics: a whole greater than the sum of its partsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This article explores how a combined approach may make a more comprehensive contribution to resolving normative health issues and to advancing a normative framework for global health action than either approach made alone. We explore this synergy by first providing overviews of public health ethics and of human rights relevant to health and, second, by articulating complementarities between human rights and public health ethics.DiscussionWe argue that public health ethics can contribute to human rights by: (a) reinforcing the normative claims of international human rights law, (b) strengthening advocacy for human rights, a...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - January 31, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Stephanie A Nixon and Lisa Forman Source Type: journals

Correlates of current cigarette smoking among school-going adolescents in Punjab, India: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2003Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Background: Smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. There is therefore need to identify relevant factors associated with smoking among adolescents in order to better tailor public health interventions aimed at preventing smoking. Methods: We used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in 2003 in Punjab, India. There were 2014 adolescents of whom 58.9% were males. We conducted a weighted logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and sex, to determine associations between predictor variables and current cigarette smoking status. Results: A total of 2014 adolescents participa...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - January 14, 2008 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Seter Siziya, Adamson S Muula and Emmanuel Rudatsikira Source Type: journals

Indigenous well-being in four countries: An application of the UNDP'S Human Development Index to Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United StatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The inconsistent progress in the health and well being of Indigenous populations over time, and relative to non-Indigenous populations, points to the need for further efforts to improve the social, economic, and physical health of Indigenous peoples. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - December 20, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Martin Cooke, Francis Mitrou, David Lawrence, Eric Guimond and Dan Beavon Source Type: journals

Sexual behaviors and their correlates among young people in Mauritius: a cross-sectional studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Young people in Mauritius are at risk of a future HIV epidemic because behaviors predisposing to HIV infection are prevalent among sexually experienced youth. A focused prevention program targeting young people should be reinforced as part of the National AIDS Control Program, taking into account the predictors of sexual behaviors identified here. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - October 5, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Yumiko H Nishimura, Masako Ono-Kihara, Jagdis C Mohith, Renaud NgManSun, Takayuki Homma, Ralph J DiClemente, Delia L Lang and Masahiro Kihara Source Type: journals

Chagas disease: an impediment in achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Latin AmericaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Achieving sustainable economic and social growth through advances in health is crucial in Latin America within the framework of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Health-related goals need to incorporate a multidimensional approach addressing the specific epidemiologic profile for each region of the globe. In this regard, addressing the cycle of destitution and suffering associated with infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease of American trypanosomiasis, will play a key role to enable the most impoverished populations in Latin America the opportunity to achieve their full potentia...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 28, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Carlos Franco-Paredes, Anna Von, Alicia Hidron, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Ildefonso Tellez, Maribel Barragan, Danielle Jones, Cesar G Naquira and Jorge Mendez Source Type: journals

Alcohol use and extramarital sex among men in CameroonEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Alcohol use is associated with having multiple concurrent non-spousal sexual partnerships among married men in Cameroon. We cannot infer a causal relationship between alcohol abuse and unsafe sex from this cross-sectional study, as both alcohol use and unsafe sexual behaviour may have a common set of causal personal and social factors. However, given the consistency with results of studies in other settings and the biologic plausibility of the link between alcohol intake and unsafe sex, our findings underscore the need for integrating alcohol abuse and HIV prevention efforts in Cameroon and other African countr...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - August 3, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Eugene J Kongnyuy and Charles Shey Wiysonge Source Type: journals

Community views about routine HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment in Botswana: signs of progress from a cross sectional studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Public awareness and approval of RHT was very high. The high rate of RHT has contributed to the overall high rate of HIV testing. The government's programme to increase HIV testing and uptake of ART is apparently working well. However, turning the tide of the epidemic will also require further concerted efforts to reduce the rate of new HIV infections. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - June 8, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Anne Cockcroft, Neil Andersson, Deborah Milne, Thamie Mokoena and Mokgweetsi Masisi Source Type: journals

Acceptability of HIV counselling and testing among tuberculosis patients in south EthiopiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The low acceptability of HIV counselling and testing among tuberculosis patients poses a challenge to the scale-up of TB/HIV collaborative efforts. There is a need for alternative counselling and testing strategies. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - May 30, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Degu Jerene, Aschalew Endale and Bernt Lindtjorn Source Type: journals

Slum health: Diseases of neglected populationsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
DiscussionUnlike what occurs with refugee populations, the formal health sector becomes aware of the health problems of slum populations relatively late in the course of their illnesses. As such, the formal health sector inevitably deals with the severe and end-stage complications of these diseases at a substantially greater cost than what it costs to manage non-slum community populations. Because of the informal nature of slum settlements, and cultural, social, and behavioral factors unique to the slum populations, little is known about the spectrum, burden, and determinants of illnesses in these communities that give ris...
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - March 7, 2007 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Lee W Riley, Albert I Ko, Alon Unger and Mitermayer G Reis Source Type: journals

Structure, (governance) and health: an unsolicited responseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The findings are discussed with reference to the growing interest in structural factors as an explanation for population health outcomes, and the relatively weak relationship between governance and HIV prevalence. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - September 15, 2006 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Daniel D Reidpath and Pascale Allotey Source Type: journals

Wealth and sexual behaviour among men in CameroonEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Wealthy men in Cameroon are more likely to start sexual activity early and have both multiple concurrent and lifetime sex partners, and are less likely to (consistently) use a condom in sex with a non-spousal non-cohabiting partner. These unsafe sexual behaviours may explain the higher HIV prevalence among wealthier men in the country. While these findings do not suggest a redirection of HIV prevention efforts from the poor to the wealthy, they do call for efforts to ensure that HIV prevention messages get across all strata of society. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - September 11, 2006 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Eugene J Kongnyuy, Charles S Wiysonge, Robinson E Mbu, Philip N Nana and Luc Kouam Source Type: journals

Implementation of a structured paediatric admission record for district hospitals in Kenya – results of a pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The PAR was well accepted by most clinicians and greatly improved documentation of features recommended by IMCI for identifying and classifying severity of common diseases. The PAR could provide a useful platform for implementing standard referral care treatment guidelines. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 20, 2006 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sekela Mwakyusa, Annah Wamae, Aggrey Wasunna, Fred Were, Fabian Esamai, Bernhards Ogutu, Assumpta Muriithi, Norbert Peshu and Mike English Source Type: journals

Implementation of a structured paediatric admission record for district hospitals in Kenya - results of a pilot studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: The PAR was well accepted by most clinicians and greatly improved documentation of features recommended by IMCI for identifying and classifying severity of common diseases. The PAR could provide a useful platform for implementing standard referral care treatment guidelines. (Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights)
Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights - July 20, 2006 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sekela Mwakyusa, Annah Wamae, Aggrey Wasunna, Fred Were, Fabian Esamai, Bernhards Ogutu, Assumpta Muriithi, Norbert Peshu and Mike English Source Type: journals