BaclofenThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you your search results in order of date.

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

401 records returned

Intrathecal Inflammatory Masses: Is the Yearly Opioid Dose Increase an Early Indicator?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. This is the first detailed study showing an association of diamorphine with granulomas. This study supports the previous finding of intrathecal opioid dose being a risk factor for intrathecal granulomas and clonidine being protective. In addition we have found that the yearly increase in opioid dose is a risk factor for granulomas and could serve as an indicator for closer surveillance. (Source: Neuromodulation)
Source: Neuromodulation - November 20, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Rui V. Duarte, Jon H. Raphael, Jane L. Southall, Candice Baker, Dalvina Hanu-Cernat Source Type: journals

Formation of Two Consecutive Intrathecal Catheter Tip Granulomas within Nine MonthsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Zentralbl NeurochirDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202359AbstractThe formation of catheter tip granulomas is an increasingly observed serious complication of intrathecally administered medication. This complication, which is frequently associated with neurological disturbances, has previously been attributed to high dosages and high concentrations of intrathecal morphine. Much less commonly, intrathecal hydromorphone and intrathecal baclofen have also been associated with intrathecal granuloma formation. In the current case, we report a patient who developed her first catheter tip granuloma after 20 months of intrathecal morphine. Af...
Source: Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie - Central European Neurosurgery - November 19, 2009 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Case Report Source Type: journals

Conditional gene deletion reveals functional redundancy of GABAB receptors in peripheral nociceptors in vivoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: This study addressed contribution of GABAB receptors expressed on primary afferent nociceptive fibers to the modulation of pain. We observed that neither the development of acute and chronic pain nor the analgesic effects of a systematically-delivered GABAB agonist was significantly changed upon a specific deletion of GABAB receptors from peripheral nociceptive neurons in vivo. This lets us conclude that GABAB receptors in the peripheral nervous system play a less important role than those in the central nervous system in the regulation of pain. (Source: Molecular Pain)
Source: Molecular Pain - November 19, 2009 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Vijayan GangadharanNitin AgarwalStefan BruggerImgard TegederBernhard BettlerRohini KunerMartina Kurejova Source Type: journals

Continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with cerebral palsy – when does improvement emerge?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: There seems to be a sequence of changes after introduction of continuous intrathecal baclofen in a child with cerebral palsy that may guide the multidisciplinary team in their timing of therapy during post-surgical follow-up. (Source: Acta Paediatrica)
Source: Acta Paediatrica - November 14, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: K Ramstad, R Jahnsen, B Lofterod, OH Skjeldal Source Type: journals

Potential Clinical Impact of Compounded Versus Noncompounded Intrathecal BaclofenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Compounding pharmacies have variable practices in the provision of ITB. A high incidence of concentration inaccuracy existed. The use of compounded ITB may result in unintended dose alterations. Variable clinical efficacy, or life-threatening overdose or withdrawal may occur in patients who are sensitive to slight dose fluctuations. Given the variability of these compounded ITB samples, informed consent to use these products and understanding of potential side effects should be reviewed with patients. (Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - November 1, 2009 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Elizabeth Moberg-Wolff Tags: Original Articles Source Type: journals

Selections From This Month in the ArchivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Elizabeth Moberg-Wolff, MD, FAAPMR Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is available in both commercially and locally compounded forms. Moberg-Wolff notes that there are concerns about the safety and consistency of the latter and investigated the differences between the ITB preparations of 1 commercial and 6 pharmacy sources. Twenty-nine samples were analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 2000 to 6000mcg/ml. Over 40% of the compounded samples differed by more than 5% from their labeling and 1 in 5 varied by more than the 10% limit permitted by the FDA. Precipitation was noted in a number of the compounded preparations and only sample...
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - November 1, 2009 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: journals

Role of the GABAB receptor in alcohol-seeking and drinking behaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: The present paper summarizes experimental data demonstrating the reducing effect of direct agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the γ-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptor on different alcohol-related behaviors. Different lines of evidence indicate that direct agonists, including baclofen, effectively suppress acquisition and maintenance of alcohol drinking behavior, relapse-like drinking, and alcohol's reinforcing, rewarding, stimulating, and motivational properties in rats and mice. More recently, the discovery of a positive allosteric modulatory binding site, together with the synthesis of in v...
Source: Alcohol - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Paola Maccioni, Giancarlo Colombo Source Type: journals

Role of the GABAB receptor system in alcoholism and stress: focus on clinical studies and treatment perspectivesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Alcoholism and stress share some common neurobiological circuits, including the GABAergic system. In particular, the GABAB receptor seems to play an important role. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been studied as a treatment for alcohol-dependent subjects. Baclofen administration in alcohol-dependent patients was able to promote abstinence, inducing the remission of withdrawal symptoms, reducing alcohol craving, and reducing alcohol intake. Baclofen also reduced anxiety in alcohol-dependent subjects, probably acting on brain stress circuitry and/or on other neuroendocrine systems. Baclofen also showed exc...
Source: Alcohol - November 1, 2009 Category: Addiction Authors: Giovanni Addolorato, Lorenzo Leggio, Silvia Cardone, Anna Ferrulli, Giovanni Gasbarrini Source Type: journals

[Co-analgesics--today and tomorrow--a receptor-based overview of therapeutical options]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We describe the peripheral action sites of co-analgesics, such as cannabinoids, capsaicin, bisphosphonates, steroids and somatostatin. We also summarise the effect of peripherally and centrally acting ion-channel blockers, e.g. local anaesthetics, carbamazepine and tolperisone working on sodium channels and gabapentin and pregabalin working on calcium channels. Finally, central analgesic mechanisms are discussed, for instance the inhibition of NMDA-receptors by ketamine or magnesium, the stimulation of alpha2-receptors by clonidine, tizanidine or antidepressants, the activation of GABA-receptors through baclofen and other ...
Source: Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS - November 1, 2009 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Wörner J, Rukwied R, Konrad C Tags: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther Source Type: journals

Effects of imipramine or GABA(B) receptor ligands on the immobility, swimming and climbing in the forced swim test in rats following discontinuation of cocaine self-administration.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We tested if discontinuation of cocaine self-administration can lead to the development of depressive-like symptoms in the forced swim test expressed as changes in immobility, swimming and climbing behaviors in rats. A "yoked" procedure in which rats were run simultaneously in groups of three, with two rats received the passive injection of cocaine or saline, was employed. Later, we examined whether acute treatment with the classical antidepressant imipramine or GABA(B) receptor ligands could alter the increases in immobility recorded after discontinuation of self-administered cocaine. We found a significant increase (...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - October 28, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Frankowska M, Gołda A, Wydra K, Gruca P, Papp M, Filip M Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Brainstem Reflexes Are Enhanced Following Severe Spinal Cord Injury and Reduced by Continuous Intrathecal BaclofenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. The enhancement of brainstem reflexes in SCI patients may be due to plastic changes at the brainstem level after SCI. The significant reduction in response size in patients with CITB in comparison with patients without baclofen suggests that the enhancement of brainstem reflexes may be due to decreased GABAergic activity and that CITB is effective in reducing abnormal brainstem hyperexcitability. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - October 27, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Kumru, H., Kofler, M., Valls-Sole, J., Portell, E., Vidal, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II enhances GABAB receptor-mediated responses and expression in nucleus tractus solitarii of ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Angiotensin II (ANG II) increases GABAB receptor expression in neuronal cultures from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In the present study, the chronic effects of ANG II on GABAB receptor expression and activity were examined in the NTS of Sprague-Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of ANG II caused a significant elevation in blood pressure (BP) and an increase in GABAB receptor expression in the NTS. Conversely, chronic NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) treatment also increased BP, but had no effect on GABAB receptor expression in the NTS. Next, we examined the BP response to the GABAB receptor agon...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 26, 2009 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhang, Q., Yao, F., O'Rourke, S. T., Qian, S. Y., Sun, C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Continuous intrathecal baclofen for children with spasticity and/or dystonia: Goal attainment and complications associated with treatmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: ITB results in statistically significant levels of satisfaction and goal attainment in children with spasticity and/or dystonia. GAS was a useful measure of goal attainment. While, ITB is effective for children with spasticity and dystonia, those with dystonia have a higher rate of complications. (Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - October 26, 2009 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Anna Ward, Suzie Hayden, Mark Dexter, Adam Scheinberg Source Type: journals

Postdural Puncture Headache in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Retrospective Observational StudyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions. Our observations may suggest that other mechanisms besides intracranial hypotension play a role in the initiation and maintenance of PDPH in CRPS and stimulate new directions of research on this topic. (Source: Pain Medicine)
Source: Pain Medicine - October 26, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Alexander G. Munts, Joan H. C. Voormolen, Johan Marinus, Elmar M. Delhaas, Jacobus J. van Hilten Source Type: journals

Neuron Protection as a Therapeutic Target in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Involvement of various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have been shown to contribute to the ischemic injury and neuronal death associated with stroke Role of excitatory amino acid receptor activation, calcium overload, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage is well established. Several new strategies are currently emerging, based on recent advances in our understanding of molecular pathways that could be considered as potential therapeutic targets. For example reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to the secondary injury cascade following traumatic brain...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - October 22, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Tuttolomondo A, Di Sciacca R, Di Raimondo D, Arnao V, Renda C, Pinto A, Licata G Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: journals

Review: Treatment of spasticity with intrathecal baclofenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Am J Health-Syst Pharm Area: News The aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of spasticity of cerebral and spinal origin are reviewed in this article published in the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, with a focus on treatment with intrathecal baclofen, and the role of pharmacists in patient management. (Source: NeLM - News)
Source: NeLM - News - October 15, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

GABA and valproate modulate trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission in the thalamus.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Objective: To study the role of GABA receptors in thalamic relay neurons in the ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus of the rat activated by a trigeminovascular nociceptive stimulus in relationship to migraine, and the potential modulation of nociceptive transmission by GABA acting anti-convulsants. Methods: Trigeminovascular nociceptive afferents were identified in the VPM by electrical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), and cell bodies identified by activation with L-glutamate. The effect of GABA, valproate and gabapentin ejection during SSS stimulation and microiontophoresis of L-glutamate was studied. G...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - October 14, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Andreou AP, Shields KG, Goadsby PJ Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: journals

Intrathecal baclofenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology)
Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology - October 13, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: BARRY S RUSSMAN Source Type: journals

Survival of individuals with cerebral palsy receiving continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment: a matched-cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Aim To determine whether intrathecal baclofen (ITB) changes mortality risk in persons with cerebral palsy (CP).Method Records were reviewed for all persons with CP who were managed with ITB for hypertonicity at a specialty hospital in Minnesota between May 1993 and August 2007. A comparison cohort was randomly selected from clients of the California Department of Developmental Services who were initially evaluated between 1987 and 1990 and were matched to those with ITB for age, sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, presence or absence of epilepsy, and feeding-tube use. Survival probabilities were ...
Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology - October 6, 2009 Category: Child Development Authors: LINDA E KRACH, ROBERT L KRIEL, STEVEN M DAY, DAVID J STRAUSS Source Type: journals

Effect of Brewer's Yeast-Induced Pyrexia on Aminophylline-Elicited Convulsions in Mice.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the basic mechanism of aminophylline [theophylline-2-ethylenediamine]-induced convulsions and the effects of Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. Diazepam (5-10mg/kg, i.p.), a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, significantly prolonged the onset and significantly decreased the incidence of convulsions induced by aminophylline (350mg/kg, i.p.). However, the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor agonist muscimol (1-4mg/kg, i.p.), the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (2-4mg/kg, i.p.) and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist dizocilpine (0.1-0.3mg/kg, i.p.) failed to protect against...
Source: Acta Med Okayama - October 1, 2009 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Ochi R, Suemaru K, Kawasaki H, Araki H Tags: Acta Med Okayama Source Type: journals

Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and a GABA uptake inhibitor on pharmacoresistant seizure like events in organotypic hippocampal slice culturesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that in OHSCs GABA has an inhibitory effect on SLEs. Proconvulsant effects of GABA agonists on spontaneous neuronal activity and seizure like activity were never observed. Our findings exclude a possible contribution of impaired/altered GABA-ergic mechanisms based on immaturity of receptors and/or low receptor density to seizure susceptibility and pharmacoresistance in OHSCs. (Source: Epilepsy Research)
Source: Epilepsy Research - September 30, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Abdul Wahab, Uwe Heinemann, Klaus Albus Tags: Research Papers Source Type: journals

Involvement of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in drug context-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in ratsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) damage produces impaired decision-making, impulsivity and perseveration and potentially contributes to compulsive drug seeking in cocaine users. To further explore this phenomenon, we assessed the role of the lateral OFC (lOFC) in drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior in the reinstatement model of drug relapse. Rats were trained to lever press for intravenous cocaine infusions in a distinct environmental context (cocaine-paired context) followed by extinction training in a different context (extinction-paired context). Reinstatement of cocaine seeking (non-reinforced lever presses) was as...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - September 20, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Heather C. Lasseter, Donna R. Ramirez, Xiaohu Xie, Rita A. Fuchs Source Type: journals

Lioresal (baclofen) Liquid & 10mg tablets - Revised SPCEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes The information on renal impairment in section 4.4 (special warnings and precautions for use) has been updated and now reads as follows: Renal impairment Signs of overdose have been observed in patients with renal impairment taking oral Lioresal at doses of more than 5mg per day. Lioresal should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency and should only be administered to patients with end-stage renal failure (CKD stage 5, GFR < 15mL/min) when benefit outweighs risk. Cases of baclofen toxicity have been reported...
Source: NeLM - Neurology - September 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Source Type: organizations

Renoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Enhanced renal sympathetic nerve activity during ischemic period and the renal venous norepinephrine overflow after reperfusion play important roles in the development of ischemic acute kidney injury. We investigated the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter mainly in the central nervous system, on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in anesthetized rats. Ischemic acute kidney injury was induced by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion 2weeks after the contralateral nephrectomy. Intravenous injection of GABA (10 and 50mumol/kg) to ...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - September 14, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kobuchi S, Shintani T, Sugiura T, Tanaka R, Suzuki R, Tsutsui H, Fujii T, Ohkita M, Ayajiki K, Matsumura Y Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: journals

Angiotensin II enhances GABAB receptor-mediated responses and expression in nucleus tractus solitarii of rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Previous studies demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases GABAB receptor expression in neuronal cultures from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In the present study, the chronic effects of Ang II on GABAB receptor expression and activity were examined in the NTS of Sprague Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang II caused a significant elevation in blood pressure (BP) and an increase in GABAB receptor expression in the NTS. Conversely, chronic L-NAME treatment also increased BP, but had no effect on GABAB receptor expression in the NTS. Next, we examined the BP response to the GABAB receptor ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - September 10, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhang Q, Yao F, O'Rourke ST, Qian SY, Sun C Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: journals

[Neuromodulation of spasticity in children by intrathecal baclofen.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: ITB provides neuromodulation even in pediatric patients with complex neuromotoric spasticity. PMID: 19756767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Schmerz)
Source: Schmerz - September 8, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Cumlivski R, Redl G, Strobl W, Girsch W, Krebs A, Machowetz P Tags: Schmerz Source Type: journals

Baclofen - A Pill to Stop Alcohol CravingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
If only the cravings for alcohol would go away, people trying to overcome the grip of alcoholism would stand a much better chance of fighting off the disease. Anybody who has had alcohol cravings knows what this is all about. It's one thing to experience a little temptation, but it's another to have an overwhelming, persistent urge and need for alcohol. (Source: Disabled World)
Source: Disabled World - September 5, 2009 Category: Disability Tags: Drug Addiction Source Type: info

[Intrathecal baclofen therapy : Overdose during replacement of a medication pump.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This case report reviews the anesthesiological complications of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy. An 11-year-old boy with spasticity and apallic syndrome needed general anesthesia for exchange of a baclofen pump but 2 h later he became increasingly hypothermic, hypotonic with bradycardy and dyspnea. The cause was an intra-operative bolus of ITB. Reduction of the baclofen administration rate caused disappearance of all symptoms without any residual effects. The ITB is an increasingly used therapeutic option for multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy. Therefore, emergency personal and anesthesiologists must be aware of ...
Source: Der Anaesthesist - September 3, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Kramer K, Weber M, Koulousakis A, Lier H, Krep H Tags: Anaesthesist Source Type: journals

In situ treatment of an infected intrathecal baclofen pump implant with gentamicin-impregnated collagen fleece.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intrathecal delivery of baclofen using a subcutaneous pump is an effective long-term treatment for spasticity. Infections of the pocket, however, are often hard to eliminate with intravenous antibiotics. If a 2-stage procedure involving removal of the pump and baclofen withdrawal will create serious problems for the patient, infections can be treated with repetitive local application of gentamicin-impregnated collagen fleece. PMID: 19731988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Neurosurgery)
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - September 3, 2009 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Peerdeman SM, de Groot V, Feller RE Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: journals

Considerations in the treatment of spasticity with intrathecal baclofen.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
CONCLUSION: When managing spasticity symptoms, a comprehensive treatment plan as well as a multidisciplinary approach is required. Pharmacists should be well-versed in spasticity treatment, particular intrathecal therapies since close monitoring, dosage adjustment, concentration accuracy, and product sterility are necessary for optimal patient outcomes. PMID: 19710446 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)
Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP - August 31, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mullarkey T Tags: Am J Health Syst Pharm Source Type: journals

Surgical Management of Spasticity in Persons with Cerebral PalsyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cerebral palsy is a disorder that primarily affects the neurologic system but secondarily affects the musculoskeletal system through the effects of spasticity, dystonia, and other movement disorders. The treatment of cerebral palsy requires a multidisciplinary approach with treatment aimed at modulating the movement disorder through oral medication, injectable drugs (phenol, botulinum toxin), and physical and occupational therapy. Treatment of the neurologic effects of the central movement disorders include selective dorsal rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen pump placement, and potentially deep brain stimulation. Although any...
Source: PM&R - August 31, 2009 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Abigail K. Lynn, Michael Turner, Henry G. Chambers Tags: Special Section: Spasticity Source Type: journals

Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: An UpdateEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Intrathecal administration of baclofen is a well-established technique for modulating hypertonia secondary to upper motor neuron pathology. Despite the nearly 2 decades of widespread clinical use, this intervention presents many challenges to even experienced clinicians. The purpose of this clinical review is to describe some of the intricacies and subtleties of this treatment strategy. This narrative provides an overview of 3 topics: (1) an alternative methodology for intrathecal baclofen trials; (2) an algorithmic approach to troubleshooting intrathecal delivery systems; and (3) the utility of neurophysiologic assessment...
Source: PM&R - August 31, 2009 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Gerard E. Francisco, Michael F. Saulino, Stuart A. Yablon, Michael Turner Tags: Special Section: Spasticity Source Type: journals

Possible Involvement of the Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin Gene and beta-endorphin Expression on Acute Morphine Withdrawal Development.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We studied the effects of supraspinally administered morphine on the expression of the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and beta-endorphin. Mice were administered morphine intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) either once or 5 times for 5 days (once/day). A single morphine administration significantly increased the hypothalamic POMC gene and beta-endorphin expression at 2h after application in dose-dependent fashion; however, repeated morphine administration had no effect on the hypothalamic POMC gene and beta-endorphin expression. In the immunoblot and immunohistochemical study, the increase of beta-endorphi...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - August 28, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Seo YJ, Kwon MS, Choi SM, Lee JK, Park SH, Jung JS, Sim YB, Suh HW Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: journals

The occurrence of the Babinski sign in complete spinal cord injuryEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to explore factors that influence the occurrence of the Babinski sign (BS) in complete spinal cord injury patients. At Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, thirty-five subjects suffering from a complete traumatic spinal cord injury (ASIA A) were examined for the occurrence of the BS, tendon reflex excitability and spastic muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale). Five subjects were acute/subacute (1–6 months after spinal cord injury (SCI)), 30 were chronic (SCI > 1 year). In one subject, the measures were examined before and af...
Source: Journal of Neurology - August 24, 2009 Category: Neurology Tags: Journal of Neurology Source Type: journals

Normalization of Central Cord Syndrome Spinal Cord Injury Urodynamics After Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: A Case ReportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion. Although the main indication for intrathecal baclofen therapy is spasticity, improved urodynamics can be an additional benefit in central cord syndrome spinal cord injury. (Source: Neuromodulation)
Source: Neuromodulation - August 19, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Adam L. Schreiber, Guy W. Fried, Christopher S. Formal Source Type: journals

Coactivation of GABA receptors inhibits the JNK3 apoptotic pathway via disassembly of GluR6-PSD-95-MLK3 signaling module in KA-induced seizureEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Discussion: Taken together, we demonstrate that coactivation of the inhibitory GABA receptors can attenuate the excitatory JNK3 apoptotic signaling pathway via inhibiting the increased assembly of the GluR6-PSD-95-MLK3 signaling module induced by KA. This provides a new insight into the therapeutic approach to epileptic seizure. (Source: Epilepsia)
Source: Epilepsia - August 18, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Chong Li, Bo Xu, Wei-Wei Wang, Xiu-Ju Yu, Jie Zhu, Hong-Min Yu, Dong Han, Dong-Sheng Pei, Guang-Yi Zhang Source Type: journals

Baclofen: Coma, hyporeflexia, hypotonia, bradycardia and hypotension following accidental ingestion in a child: case reportEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Reactions)
Source: Reactions - August 17, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Short communication Source Type: journals

Intrathecal glycine for pain and dystonia in complex regional pain syndromeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Since glycinergic neurotransmission plays an important inhibitory role in the processing of sensory and motor information, intrathecal glycine (ITG) administration may be a potential therapy for both pain and movement disorders in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Aims of the current study, which is the first report on ITG in humans, were to evaluate its safety and efficacy. ITG treatment during 4weeks was studied in CRPS patients with dystonia in the period before they received intrathecal baclofen treatment. Twenty patients were assessed and after exclusion of one patient, the remaining 19 pa...
Source: Pain - August 16, 2009 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Alexander G. Munts, Anton A. van der Plas, Joan H. Voormolen, Johan Marinus, Irene M. Teepe-Twiss, Willem Onkenhout, Joop M. van Gerven, Jacobus J. van Hilten Tags: Research papers Source Type: journals

LIORESAL (Baclofen) Injection [Medtronic Neuromodulation]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Updated Date: Aug 7, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - August 7, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

GABA release from cerebellar stellate cells is developmentally regulated by presynaptic GABAB receptors in a target-cell-specific mannerEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Transmitter release from boutons along a common axon is often regulated depending on the postsynaptic target. Here, GABA release from cerebellar stellate cells onto Purkinje cells and other stellate cells was examined in acute cerebellar slices of 2- and 4-week-old mice. Consistent with previous findings on action potential-dependent GABA release, we found a developmental decrease in inhibitory inputs onto Purkinje cells but not onto stellate cells when recording miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Although amplitudes of mIPSCs were developmentally reduced in both cell types, mIPSC frequencies were decreas...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - August 6, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Simone Astori, Rafael Luján, Georg Köhr Source Type: journals

Editorial CommentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluates 30 children with myelomeningocele (MMC) (mean age 5.6 ± 2.7 years) and refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity using pelvic floor electrostimulation with interferential (IF) current. The children had moderate to severe retractable incontinence, detrusor overactivity, and a high maximal detrusor end-fill pressure. Each child required anticholinergic therapy (oxybutynin or baclofen) and clean intermittent catheterization. They were randomly allocated to the treatment (IF stimulation, n = 20) and control (sham stimulation, n = 10) groups with a 2:1 ratio (balanced block randomization). The patients w...
Source: Urology - July 31, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Raymond Bologna Tags: Pediatric Urology Source Type: journals

Once daily baclofen sustained release or gastro-retentive system are acceptable alternatives to thrice daily baclofen immediate release at same daily dosage in patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion:</b> Once-daily baclofen SR and GRS are efficacious, convenient, and better-tolerated alternatives to baclofen IR in patients with neurogenic spasticity. (Source: Neurology India)
Source: Neurology India - July 30, 2009 Category: Neurology Authors: Nitin G Sampat, Rahul V Kulkarni, Nathaniel Sase, Nishith H Joshi, Pragnesh B Vora, Amal K Bhattacharya, JD Lakhani, Shravanti S Bhowmik Source Type: journals

Baclofen intoxication after accidental ingestion in a 3-year-old childEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report a 3-year-old girl with accidental ingestion of baclofen, who presented with coma, bradycardia and hypotension. She recovered within 24 hours with supportive treatment. The case emphasizes the importance of warning parents about the potential toxicity of baclofen when the drug is prescribed to a family member. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)
Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology - July 30, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nagesh Dasarwar, Preeti Shanbag, Nilesh Kumbhare Source Type: journals

Treating Alcohol Addiction: Can a Pill Replace Abstinence?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Some claim that baclofen can reduce cravings, without forcing drinkers to go cold turkey. But many researchers are skeptical (Source: TIME.com: Top Science and Health Stories)
Source: TIME.com: Top Science and Health Stories - July 29, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: info

Role of GABA B Receptor Agonist Baclofen in Acute Pain Modulation during the Early Postnatal PeriodEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacology 2009;84:104-110 (DOI:10.1159/000230039) (Source: Pharmacology)
Source: Pharmacology - July 28, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: journals

Temporary inactivation of ventral tegmental area neurons with either muscimol or baclofen reversibly disrupts maternal behavior in rats through different underlying mechanisms.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inactivation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) projection neurons, while sparing fibers of passage, on maternal behavior in rats. Because VTA neurons contain GABA-A and GABA-B receptors, the effects of muscimol or baclofen were studied. Although bilateral injections of either drug into the VTA disrupted maternal behavior, it is likely that they did so through different underlying mechanisms. Muscimol disrupted both retrieval of pups and nursing behavior, while causing stereotyped motor activity. Baclofen disrupted retrieval behavior without affecting nursing behavior, a...
Source: Behavioral Neuroscience - July 28, 2009 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Numan, Michael; Stolzenberg, Danielle S.; Dellevigne, Amanda A.; Correnti, Christina M.; Numan, Marilyn J. Source Type: journals

Nucleus of solitary tract mediates cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study is to determine whether the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) is an important component of the central neurocircuitry of the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) and whether the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the NTS modulates the CSAR. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded in sinoaortic-denervated and cervical-vagotomized anesthetized rats. The CSAR was evaluated by the RSNA response to epicardial application of capsaicin. The NTS microinjection of lidocaine or NTS electrolytic lesion inhibited the CSAR without significant effect on the RSNA and MAP. Selec...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - July 24, 2009 Category: Physiology Authors: Duan YC, Xu B, Shi Z, Gao J, Zhang SJ, Wang W, Chen Q, Zhu GQ Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: journals

The GABAB receptor agonist AZD9343 inhibits transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and acid reflux in healthy volunteers: a phase I studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Like baclofen, AZD9343 dose-dependently decreases the number of TLESRs and acid reflux episodes, increases LES pressure and reduces swallowing, extending the concept that GABAB agonists are potent reflux inhibitors. However, discovery of analogues with an improved side effect profile is warranted. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 23, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: H. BEAUMONT, A. SMOUT, M. AANEN, H. RYDHOLM, A. LEI, A. LEHMANN, M. RUTH, G. BOECKXSTAENS Tags: Original articles Source Type: journals

[Cocaine and alcohol: a risky association.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Key points. Cocaine, the second most frequently consumed illicit substance after cannabis in both United States and Europe, remains the psychostimulant of choice for many, often mixed with other psychoactive substances. It is most frequently associated with alcohol, and a diagnosis of alcohol dependence may be made in 50%-90% of cocaine-dependent subjects. When treating cocaine addicts, it is important to characterize not only the modalities of cocaine use but also the modes of consumption of other substances, notably alcohol. Alcohol is often consumed to reduce the anxiety and discomfort resulting from cocaine withdra...
Source: Presse Medicale - July 21, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lacoste J, Pedrera-Melgire M, Charles-Nicolas A, Ballon N Tags: Presse Med Source Type: journals

Oral baclofen administration in persons with chronic spinal cord injury does not prevent the protective effects of spasticity on body composition and glucose homeostasisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
& D R Gater (Source: Spinal Cord)
Source: Spinal Cord - July 17, 2009 Category: Research Authors: A S GorgeyA E ChiodoD R Gater Source Type: journals