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Lower risk of urinary tract infection with low-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole compared to dapsone prophylaxis in older renal transplant patients on a rapid steroid-withdrawal immunosuppression regimenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: For renal transplant recipients over the age of 47 yr, treated without long-term glucocorticoids, our retrospective data suggest that low-dose TMP/SMZ is associated with a lower risk of UTI compared to dapsone prophylaxis. (Source: Clinical Transplantation)
Source: Clinical Transplantation - November 18, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Jeffrey Allen Giullian, Kerri Cavanaugh, Heidi Schaefer Source Type: journals

SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM (SMZ)Tablet [AvKARE, Inc.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Updated Date: Nov 12, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - November 12, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Clinical efficacy of first- and second-line treatments for HIV-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a tri-centre cohort studyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Pentamidine was associated with a greater risk of death when used as first- and second-line therapy for HIV-associated PCP, and was associated with more treatment changes. Clindamycin/primaquine appeared superior to pentamidine as second-line therapy for PCP in patients failing or developing toxicity with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In patients failing first-line treatment with non-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole regimens, second-line therapy should be trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - November 10, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Helweg-Larsen, J., Benfield, T., Atzori, C., Miller, R. F. Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

BACTRIM DS (Sulfamethoxazole And Trimethoprim) Tablet BACTRIM (Sulfamethoxazole And Trimethoprim) Tablet [AR Scientific Inc.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Updated Date: Nov 9, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))
Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) - November 9, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced acute interstitial nephritis in renal allografts; clinical course and outcome.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: AIN secondary to TMP-SMX, although an uncommon cause of allograft dysfunction over the study period, accounted for over 10% of cases of allograft dysfunction within the first month of transplantation. Therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion for TMP-SMX-induced AIN is warranted when confronted with early acute allograft dysfunction. PMID: 19863874 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Nephrology)
Source: Clinical Nephrology - November 1, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Garvey JP, Brown CM, Chotirmall SH, Dorman AM, Conlon PJ, Walshe JJ, Tags: Clin Nephrol Source Type: journals

A Survival Case of ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation Complicated With Severe Preoperative Infection and Subsequent Overwhelming Postsplenectomy InfectionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: A 47-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our hospital because of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B virus infection. On admission, he was suffering from sepsis due to a catheter infection and respiratory failure caused by pulmonary edema and pneumonia, but, as a result of preoperative intensive care, we avoided septic shock. ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABO-I-LT) was performed. In accordance with our ABO-I-LT protocol, we administered, rituximab and performed plasma exchange, splenectomy as well as hepatic artery infusion. The patient was discharged 80 days after living donor transplantation (LDLT). How...
Source: Transplantation Proceedings - November 1, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: K. Takeda, D. Morioka, T. Kumamoto, K. Matsuo, K. Tanaka, I. Endo, S. Togo, H. Shimada Tags: Case Reports Source Type: journals

Long-Term Use of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole May Reduce UTIs in At-Risk ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a randomized trial, long-term, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole shows a consistent but modest treatment effect across subgroups of children with urinary tract infections. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - October 29, 2009 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pediatrics Source Type: news

Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: N Engl J Med Area: News Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis was associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in predisposed children, according to a report in the New England Journal of Medicine. The findings come from a study conducted at four Australian centres in 576 children under the age of 18 years (median age at entry 14 months) who had had one or more microbiologically proven UTI. Amongst this group, 64% were girls, 42% had vesicoureteral reflux, and 71% were enrolled after the first diagnosis of UTI. They were randomised to receive either daily...
Source: NeLM - News - October 29, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: organizations

A multidimensional high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with amperometric detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in bovine milk.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The development and validation of a multidimensional HPLC method using an on-line clean-up column coupled with amperometric detection employing a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) in bovine milk are presented. Aliquots of pre-prepared skim-milk samples were directly injected into a RAM octyl-BSA column in order to remove proteins that otherwise would interfere with milk analysis. After exclusion of the milk proteins, SMX and TMP were transferred to the analytical column (an octyl column) and the separation of the compounds from one an...
Source: Analytica Chimica Acta - October 28, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Andrade LS, de Moraes MC, Rocha-Filho RC, Fatibello-Filho O, Cass QB Tags: Anal Chim Acta Source Type: journals

Value of anti-infective chemoprophylaxis in primary systemic vasculitis.What is the evidence?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although infections are a major concern in patients with primary systemic vasculitis the actual knowledge about risk factors and the evidence concerning the use of anti-infective prophylaxis from clinical trials are scarce. The use of high dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide pose a definite risk for infections. Bacterial infections are among the most frequent causes of death, with Staph. aureus being the most common isolate. Concerning viral infections cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus reactivation represent the most frequent complications. The only prophylactic measure which is widely accepted is trimethopr...
Source: Arthritis Research and Therapy - October 28, 2009 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Frank MoosigJulia HolleWolfgang Gross Source Type: journals

Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in ChildrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study from four Australian centers examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic therapy would prevent urinary tract infection in children (under the age of 18 years) who had already had one or more microbiologically proven urinary tract infections. Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with a modest decrease in the number of urinary tract infections in predisposed children. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)
Source: New England Journal of Medicine - October 28, 2009 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Craig, J. C., Simpson, J. M., Williams, G. J., Lowe, A., Reynolds, G. J., McTaggart, S. J., Hodson, E. M., Carapetis, J. R., Cranswick, N. E., Smith, G., Irwig, L. M., Caldwell, P. H.Y., Hamilton, S., Roy, L. P., the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: journals

Listeriosis Prophylaxis May Be Warranted in High-Risk Transplant PatientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Listeriosis is rare but often fatal in solid-organ transplant recipients, and prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be warranted in patients at highest risk, according to Spanish researchers. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Transplantation Headlines)
Source: Medscape Transplantation Headlines - October 27, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: info

Clindamycin-primaquine versus pentamidine for the second-line treatment of pneumocystis pneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract There are limited data on the efficacy of alternative regimens for treating patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We compared the efficacy of clindamycin-primaquine (C-P) with that of pentamidine as a secondline treatment for PCP. Among 91 patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as a first-line treatment for PCP, 31 (34%) did not respond and 7 (8%) had adverse reactions. Fourteen patients received C-P and 9 received pentamidine as a second-line regimen because of treatment failure or an adverse reaction to TMP-SMX. The response rate of patients to C-P was higher than the res...
Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy - October 24, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy Source Type: journals

Second-line salvage treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a case series and systematic reviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: The authors concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be used as second-line treatment for patients with AIDS-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia who fail first-line treatment with other regimens. The limited search, incomplete reporting of review methods, differences between studies and lack of direct comparisons between treatments meant that the authors' conclusions may not be reliable. [For second-line treatment most studies used pentamidine; other studies used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), clindamycin-primaquine (C-P), or...
Source: NeLM - Respiratory Medicine - October 20, 2009 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: organizations

Med Sci Monit 2009; 15(11):CR579-582 "Susceptibility pattern of E. coli-associated urinary tract infection (UTI): A comparison of spinal cord injury-related and nosocomial UTI"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Despite more risk factors for antibiotic-resistant E. coli in SCI patients, antibiotic-resistant E. coli was observed more in nosocomial UTIs, which may be attributable to the hospital environment. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)
Source: Medical Science Monitor - October 19, 2009 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: journals

Med Sci Monit 2009; 15(11):PI61-65 "Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli in outpatient urinary isolates in Izmir, Turkey"Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The most important finding of our study is that a considerable proportion of the studied E. coli isolates were resistant to most antibiotics except amikacin. These data provide useful information for clinicians in determining the appropriate empirical antimicrobial regimen, and help authorities to formulate antibiotic prescription policies. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)
Source: Medical Science Monitor - October 19, 2009 Category: Research Tags: Original article Source Type: journals

Newly formed cystic lesions for the development of pneumomediastinum in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment for P. jirovecii pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - October 17, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ju-Yeon ChoDong-Min KimYong Eun KwonSung Ho YoonSeung Il Lee Source Type: journals

Detection of antibiotic resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. in stool of healthy growing children in PortugalEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
From stool specimens of 118 healthy children's (1-14 years) in Portugal 92 E. coli and 101 Enterococcu s spp. strains have been isolated. Almost half (40.2%) of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 25.0% were resistant to tetracycline and 26.1% were resistant to streptomycin. Resistance genes detected by specific PCR included blaTEM and/or blaSHV and/or blaCTX-M (33 of 37 ampicillin and/or cefotaxime resistant isolates), tet (A) and/or tet (B) (16 of 23 tetracycline-resistant isolates), aad A (19 of 24 streptomycin-resistant isolates), cml A (in the two chloramphenicol-resistant isolates), aac (3)-II with/wit...
Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ângela Barreto, Bruno Guimarães, Hajer Radhouani, Carlos Araújo, Alexandre Gonçalves, Eurico Gaspar, Jorge Rodrigues, Gilberto Igrejas, Patrícia Poeta Source Type: journals

Detection and characterization of class 1 integrons in Aeromonas spp. isolated from human diarrheic stool in MexicoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We determined the presence of class 1 integrons related to the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobials in Aeromonas spp. isolated from individuals with diarrhea. Species were identified as A. caviae, A. hydrophila, A. veronii and A. media using PCR-RFLP of the 16S rDNA. Selected isolates were further characterized by ERIC-PCR. Resistance to chloramphenicol, aztreonam, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and streptomycin, among others, was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. Integrons were detected by PCR amplification of the 5[prime] conserved, variable, and 3[prime] conserved regions. Sequ...
Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology - October 5, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Abigail Pérez-Valdespino, Elizabeth Fernández-Rendón, Everardo Curiel-Quesada Source Type: journals

Microwave coagulation versus sclerotherapy after band ligation to prevent recurrence of high risk of bleeding esophageal varices in Child-Pugh’s A and B patientsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Application of MC to esophageal varices after band ligation is safe. The post-MC recurrence rate may be comparable to that observed following the combined treatment of EBL and EIS. The presence of gastric varices increases the risk of esophageal variceal recurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractDOI 10.1007/s00535-009-0134-7Authors Leonardo Trevizan Monici, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Gastroenterological Diagnosis and Research Center (Gastrocentro) Rua Carlos Chagas 420, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Campinas SP 13...
Source: Journal of Gastroenterology - October 3, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Journal of Gastroenterology Source Type: journals

Vitamin D Metabolite–Mediated Hypercalcemia With Suppressed Parathormone Concentration in Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia After Kidney TransplantationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a severe complication in immunocompromised hosts including transplant recipients. Hypercalcemia (HCa) is not a classic symptom of the disease. However, HCa (mean [SD; range], 2.90 [0.20; 2.71–3.17] mmol/L) was detected in 5 patients with PJP at diagnosis. The HCa was associated with decreased concentrations of circulating parathormone (PTH), from 294 (292) ng/L 3 to 6 months previously to 20 (23.5; 7–53) ng/L. Concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D, measured in 3 patients, were in the high normal range (54.66 [7.23; 225–66] μg/L), whereas 25-(OH) vitamin D concentra...
Source: Transplantation Proceedings - October 1, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: K. Hajji, F. Dalle, A. Harzallah, Y. Tanter, G. Rifle, C. Mousson Tags: Renal Transplantation Source Type: journals

Antimicrobials effective for inhibition of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains O26, O111, and O157 and their effects on Shiga toxin releases.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Susceptibilities of major enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains to antimicrobial agents and the cytotoxicity of these agents were examined using a total of 38 strains of E. coli O26, O111, and O157, which are the major serogroups of EHEC. Among the 38 strains, 35, 36, and 36 were susceptible to amikacin, imipenem and norfloxacin, respectively. These antimicrobial agents were further examined to determine their cytotoxicity on Vero cells as well as their effect on the release of Shiga toxins along with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Each of the E. coli O26, O111, and O157 strains containing both stx1and stx...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - October 1, 2009 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee JH, Stein B Tags: J Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: journals

Case Report of Pediatric Gastroenteritis Due to CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A clinical isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in Korea was found to produce the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15. The isolate was recovered in 2008 from the stool of a 3-yr-old boy with gastroenteritis. This isolate was found to be resistant to multiple drugs, including ampicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam. The resistance to cefotaxime was transferred by conjugation to recipient Escherichia coli J53. The patient was eventually successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This is the first report of the bla (CTX-M-15) gene in S. enterica serotyp...
Source: The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine - October 1, 2009 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Lee KH, Song W, Jeong SH, Choi KY, Yoon HS, Park MJ Tags: Korean J Lab Med Source Type: journals

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mozambican childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Clinical presentation of invasive NTS was non-specific and similar to that of other infections, with some factors being associated with NTS. Antibiotic resistance was very common to currently recommended and available antibiotics for suspected sepsis. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - September 26, 2009 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Inácio Mandomando, Eusébio Macete, Betuel Sigaúque, Luis Morais, Llorenç Quintó, Jahit Sacarlal, Mateu Espasa, Xavier Vallès, Quique Bassat, Pedro Aide, Tacilta Nhampossa, Sonia Machevo, Joaquim Ruiz, Ariel Nhacolo, Clara Menéndez, Karen L. Kotloff Source Type: journals

Short- versus long-course antibiotic therapy for acute pyelonephritis in adolescents and adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This reasonably well-conducted review compared short and long-course treatments with the same antibiotic in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. The authors concluded that there were no significant differences in efficacy or tolerability between the two courses. This conclusion is based on a small number of patients but is otherwise likely to be reliable. [Included trials used the following antibiotic regimes: intravenous fleroxacin followed by oral fleroxacin; oral ampicillin or oral trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole; oral pivampicillin plus pivmecil...
Source: NeLM - Infections - September 23, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: organizations

In vitro activity of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, minocycline, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against planktonic and sessile Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteriaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Despite the general assumption that sessile cells show a decreased susceptibility to antibiotics, our data indicate similar bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of six selected antibiotics against planktonic and sessile B. cepacia complex bacteria. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - September 8, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Peeters, E., Nelis, H. J., Coenye, T. Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

Influence of concomitant prednisolone on trimethoprim-associated hyperkalaemiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions Although it is possible that there is an unexplained interaction between trimethoprim and prednisolone, we postulate that our observation is a result of the catabolic effect of prednisolone. The patients treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole plus prednisolone appear to be more likely to develop hyperkalaemia than patients treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole alone. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - September 8, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mohan, S., Jaitly, M., Pogue, V. A., Cheng, J.-T. Tags: Original research Source Type: journals

Understanding of pediatric antimicrobial prescriptions at health units in a Southern Brazil cityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a compreensão da prescrição de antimicrobianos por acompanhantes de crianças após consulta pediátrica, descrevendo seu perfil de prescrição em Unidades de Saúde, em um município do sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um delineamento transversal, no qual a população-alvo foram acompanhantes das crianças que tiveram prescrição de antimicrobianos (n = 209) entre maio e julho de 2007. Foi gerado um escore de compreensão (4-12 pontos) embasado em afirmativas corretas, incorretas ou ignoradas, relativas às informações da prescrição. A compreensão foi considerada adequada quando o val...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia - September 5, 2009 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: journals

Distribution of Class I Integron and Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Constin in Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Patients in IranEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Microbial Drug Resistance Sep 2009, Vol. 15, No. 3: 179-184. (Source: Microbial Drug Resistance)
Source: Microbial Drug Resistance - September 3, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: article Source Type: journals

Comparison of clonal relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli from healthy dogs and their owners.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Within-household sharing of E coli was detected more commonly than across-household sharing, but both direct contact and environmental reservoirs may be routes of cross-species sharing of bacteria and genes for resistance. Cross-species bacterial sharing is a potential public health concern, and good hygiene is recommended. PMID: 19719426 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - August 31, 2009 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stenske KA, Bemis DA, Gillespie BE, D'Souza DH, Oliver SP, Draughon FA, Matteson KJ, Bartges JW Tags: Am J Vet Res Source Type: journals

Emergence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica in Tehran, Iran.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence and molecular type(s) of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea in hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Over a period of 17 months, 129 Salmonella spp. were isolated from fecal samples and tested for susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; then, screening for ESBL-producing isolates and determination of their minimum inhibitory concentrations were carried out using the combined disk method and standard agar dilution method, respectively. The presence and type of ESBL-encoding ge...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - August 31, 2009 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hamidian M, Tajbakhsh M, Walther-Rasmussen J, Zali MR Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: journals

Adult with painful pruritic plaquesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A 27-year-old white male presented with a 1-year history of a progressive, painful, pruritic eruption in his scalp, axillae, and inguinal area. Apart from occasional alcohol use, the patient was otherwise healthy and had no systemic complaints. He had no family history of malignancy or similar skin conditions. He reported minimal improvement with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and topical triamcinolone ointment. The clinical examination revealed that his scalp was diffusely erythematous with yellow-brown adherent crusts. Vegetative, macerated, and eroded plaques with purulent discharge were noted in the axillae, interg...
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology - August 26, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: Uchenna Agbim, Reena Jogi, Clay Cockerell, Sylvia Hsu Tags: JAAD Grand Rounds Source Type: journals

Isospora belli infection after isolated intestinal transplantEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
F. Gruz, C. Fuxman, A. Errea, M. Tokumoto, A. Fernandez, J. Velasquez, C. Nagel, A. Ruf, E. Mauriño, F. Nachman, M. Rumbo, G. Gondolesi. Isospora belli infection after isolated intestinal transplant.Transpl Infect Dis 2009. All rights reservedAbstract: Isospora belli is a protozoan that only affects humans, after ingestion of Isospora's oocysts. Immunocompetent patients usually do not develop the infection. Immunocompromised hosts may have profuse diarrhea with other gastrointestinal symptoms. Treatment is based on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In 2006 we performed an isolated intestinal transplantation in a patient with...
Source: Transplant Infectious Disease - August 24, 2009 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: F. Gruz, C. Fuxman, A. Errea, M. Tokumoto, A. Fernandez, J. Velasquez, C. Nagel, A. Ruf, E. Mauriño, F. Nachman, M. Rumbo, G. Gondolesi Source Type: journals

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion Infection with antimicrobial-resistant S Typhi strains among US patients with typhoid fever is associated with travel to the Indian subcontinent, and an increasing proportion of these infections are due to S Typhi strains with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - August 24, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lynch, M. F., Blanton, E. M., Bulens, S., Polyak, C., Vojdani, J., Stevenson, J., Medalla, F., Barzilay, E., Joyce, K., Barrett, T., Mintz, E. D. Tags: Bacterial Infections, Travel Medicine, Drug Therapy, Drug Therapy, Other, Infectious Diseases Original Contribution Source Type: journals

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae BacteremiaEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusion: This is the first population-based study to document the major burden of illness associated with K. pneumoniae bacteremia and identifies groups at increased risk of acquiring and dying of these infections. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - August 21, 2009 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bonnie L. Meatherall, Daniel Gregson, Terry Ross, Johann D.D. Pitout, Kevin B. Laupland Tags: Clinical research studies Source Type: journals

Excretion of Antimicrobials Used to Treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections During Lactation: Safety in Breastfeeding InfantsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Pharmacotherapy 29(9): 1103-1109 Abstract Community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. These infections sometimes require treatment with antibiotics, and with the increasing resistance of pathogens to these agents, choosing the appropriate drug can be difficult. In lactating women who develop these infections, selecting an antibiotic is even more challenging, as clinicians need to be aware of risks to the infant from the drug excreted during lactation. To our knowledge, no review has addressed the safety ...
Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy - August 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jennifer A MitranoLinda M SpoonerPaul Belliveau Source Type: journals

Removal of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by extended sludge age biological process.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Removal of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen) using extended sludge age biological process was investigated. The sludge age of the biological system was greater than 200d. Hydraulic retention time of 12h was maintained throughout the experiment. The extended sludge age biological process is able to treat pharmaceuticals with good and steady removal efficiencies: 64-93% removal for antibiotics over 1-5mugL(-1) influent concentrations and 94% to complete removal for acetam...
Source: Chemosphere - August 20, 2009 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yu TH, Lin AY, Lateef SK, Lin CF, Yang PY Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: journals

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Retail Chicken Meat in JapanEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Sixty-nine Escherichia coli and 10 Salmonella isolates, recovered from retail chicken meat in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan, were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. Twenty-eight out of 69 (40.6%) of E. coli and all 10 Salmonella isolates were exhibited multidrug resistance phenotypes. The most commonly reported resistance phenotypes were against ampicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. PCR screening for integrons showed that 8 (11.6%) of the E. coli isolates were positive for the class 1 integrons ...
Source: Journal of Food Science - August 17, 2009 Category: Food Science Authors: Ashraf M. Ahmed, Hirofumi Shimabukuro, Tadashi Shimamoto Source Type: journals

Distribution of integron-associated trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole resistance determinants among Escherichia coli from humans and food-producing animalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: More animal faecal isolates carry class 1 integrons than human faecal and human urinary isolates, and the distribution of phylogenetic groups is common across animal and human faecal isolates but different from human urinary isolates.Significance and Impact of the Study: Commensal isolates from food-producing animals are an important reservoir for integrons carrying antibiotic resistance genes. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)
Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology - August 17, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: P.L. Ho, R.C. Wong, K.H. Chow, T.L. Que Source Type: journals

Linking Pneumocystis jiroveci sulfamethoxazole resistance to the alleles of the DHPS gene using functional complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Clin Microbiol Infect Curative and prophylactic therapy for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia relies mainly on cotrimoxazole, an association of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). SMX inhibits the folic acid pathway through competition with para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), one of the two substrates of the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), a key enzyme in de novo folic acid synthesis. The most frequent non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P. jiroveci DHPS are seen at positions 165 and 171, the combination leading to four possible different genetic alleles. A number of reports correlate prophylaxis failur...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - August 9, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: R. Moukhlis, J. Boyer, P. Lacube, J. Bolognini, P. Roux, C. Hennequin Source Type: journals

[Activity of Ertapenem and Ceftriaxone in the eradication of Salmonella in a model of experimental peritonitis in mice.]Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the prevalence of isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella species resistant to antimicrobial agents, including those commonly used for the treatment of Salmonella infections such as fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or beta-lactams, has increased substantially. Infections caused by multidrugresistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella are now frequently encountered. In order to consider an appropriate role of Ertapenem in Salmonella-due intraabdominal infections, in the present study we compare the efficacy of Ertapenem versus that of Ceftriaxone in a mouse peritonitis mode...
Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia - August 9, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lozano F, García M, García E, González B, García M, García F, García J Tags: Rev Esp Quimioter Source Type: journals

Norfloxacin Modulates the Inflammatory Response and Directly Affects Neutrophils in Patients With Decompensated CirrhosisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Norfloxacin but not trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole modulates inflammatory response and directly affects neutrophils in patients with cirrhosis. (Source: Gastroenterology)
Source: Gastroenterology - August 6, 2009 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Pedro Zapater, Rocío Caño, Lucía Llanos, Antonio J. Ruiz–Alcaraz, Sonia Pascual, Claudia Barquero, Rocío Moreu, Pablo Bellot, José F. Horga, Carlos Muñoz, Jara Pérez, Pilar García–Peñarrubia, Miguel Pérez–Mateo, José Such, Rubén Francés Tags: Clinical Advances in Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract Source Type: journals

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus as a Common Cause of Vulvar Abscesses: Thurman AR, Satterfield TM, Soper DE. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:538–44Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This retrospective chart review from San Antonio, Texas reports the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from vulvar abscesses in women presenting to the emergency department in an urban, low income, primarily Hispanic community. Sixty-four percent of 133 women with vulvar abscess had MRSA isolated from abscess culture. Ninety-six percent of isolated MRSA was sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The authors also report characteristics associated with inpatient (40%) vs. outpatient treatment of abscess and found that inpatients more often had diabetes, hypertension, larger abscess, and high...
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - July 31, 2009 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Michael Prendergast Tags: Abstracts Source Type: journals

ReplyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As urologists we must be aware of the increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and do what we can to slow this concerning phenomenon. Although we usually treat patients with complicated urinary tract infections, we occasionally treat a patient with an uncomplicated infection and need to ensure that we hold ourselves and our colleagues in primary care to the current standard of care. Acute bacterial urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections encountered and treated in outpatients. According to the 1999 Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Antimicrobial Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Bac...
Source: Urology - July 31, 2009 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Jennifer L. Young, Michael A. Liss, Richard J. Szabo Tags: Prostatic Diseases and Male Voiding Dysfunction Source Type: journals

Antimicrobial non-susceptibility of cervico-vaginal and rectal Escherichia coli isolates is associated with phylogeny and plasmid carriageEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult women, which are increasingly refractory to antimicrobial treatment. UPEC colonizes the vagina prior to causing a UTI. Our hypothesis was that the vaginal flora would be enriched in UPEC and therefore have a greater prevalence of non-susceptibility relative to the rectal flora. We used disk diffusion to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 100 cervico-vaginal E. coli (CVEC) and 100 rectal E. coli (REC) isolates from 200 different patients. Phylogeny, plasmid replicons, and antimicrobial r...
Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - July 29, 2009 Category: Microbiology Tags: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Source Type: journals

Comparison of sales and reimbursement data regarding outpatient antibiotic use in a northern Italian RegionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
To evaluate the accuracy of systemic antibiotic use statistics, based on the reimbursement data of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy), focusing on agents prescribed for urinary tract infections.Reimbursement data were obtained from the drug prescription database that includes all outpatient drug prescriptions reimbursed by the Regional Health Service in 2007. Reimbursements were compared to sales data, provided by International Medical Statistics (IMS) Health.The reimbursement data of the Emilia-Romagna Region significantly underestimates the actual use of systemic antibiotics when compared to sales. The overall underestima...
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - July 20, 2009 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Carlo Gagliotti MD, Ilaria Mazzetti BS, Maria Luisa Moro MD Source Type: journals

Dosing regimens of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) for melioidosis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Melioidosis is an infectious disease with a propensity for relapse despite prolonged antibiotic eradication therapy for 12-20 weeks. A pharmacokinetic simulation study was performed to determine the optimal dosing of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TMP-SMX) used in current eradication regimens in Thailand and Australia. Bioavailability, protein binding and coefficients of absorption and elimination were taken from published literature. Apparent volumes of distribution were correlated with body mass and were estimated separately for Thai and Australian populations. In vitro experiments demonstrated concent...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - July 19, 2009 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cheng AC, McBryde ES, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Amornchai P, Day NP, White NJ, Peacock SJ Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: journals

AAV5-mediated gene transfer to the parotid glands of non-human primatesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
J A Chiorini & B J Baum (Source: Gene Therapy)
Source: Gene Therapy - July 16, 2009 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: A VoutetakisC ZhengA P CotrimF MineshibaS AfioneN RoescherW D SwaimM MetzgerM A EckhausR E DonahueC E DunbarJ A ChioriniB J Baum Source Type: journals

Flare-up of patch test of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) during oral desensitizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
(Source: Contact Dermatitis)
Source: Contact Dermatitis - July 15, 2009 Category: Dermatology Authors: S. H. Kardaun, M. M. de Waard, J. G. de Monchy Tags: Contact Points Source Type: journals