Behavioral InterventionsThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

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Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Prior meta-analyses have suggested that eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is now being recommended as a treatment for military combat veterans who suffer from PTSD. We provide a review of published outcome studies that appeared in print from 1987 - April, 2008 which examined the specific effects of EMDR on PTSD among military combat veterans. Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases, web sites, and manual searches of article reference lists. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RC...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - November 3, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David L. Albright, Bruce Thyer Source Type: journals

The effect of behavioral skills training with general-case training on staff chaining of child vocalizations within natural language paradigmEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study used behavioral skills training (BST) and general-case training (GCT) in which the experimenter simulated child performance to teach three staff to conduct NLP and response chaining to increase three-link vocal chains in three children with autism. Staff increased their correct NLP performance during post-training in comparison to baseline. Two of three children emitted more vocal chains following training. This study demonstrated that BST and GCT were effective in training NLP and response chaining. When assessing social validity, both Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) and teachers did not indicate an i...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - November 2, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Laura Seiverling, Maria Pantelides, Henry H. Ruiz, Peter Sturmey Source Type: journals

Training paraprofessionals to use behavioral strategies when educating learners with autism spectrum disorders across environmentsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Although the use of paraprofessionals in the education of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a common practice, research on effective training procedures is scarce. The following study used a multiple-baseline design across settings replicated by five paraprofessionals to evaluate their use of behavioral strategies with young children with, or at risk for, autism spectrum disorder. A training package consisting of a workshop and performance feedback by their supervising special education teacher served as the intervention. Results revealed that even though the paraprofessionals demonstrated skills in th...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - October 12, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Laura J. Hall, Gretchen Stadnik Grundon, Catherine Pope, Amanda Balderama Romero Source Type: journals

Functional communication during signaled reinforcement and/or extinctionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Schedule thinning following functional communication training (FCT) can increase treatment feasibility. Multiple-schedule arrangements are often used in this process; however, the current literature provides little information on the optimum signal arrangements. In the current study, we examined the effects of three signal arrangements (i.e., signaled FR1, signaled EXT, and signaled FR1/EXT) on rates of problem behavior at dense schedule values and during schedule thinning. At all schedule values, signaled FR1/EXT controlled collateral behavior better than did signaled FR1 or signaled EXT. Additionally, for the single sign...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - September 4, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David P. Jarmolowicz, Iser G. DeLeon, Stephanie A. Contrucci Kuhn Source Type: journals

Parent-selected interventions for infants at-risk for autism spectrum disorders and their affected siblingsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Infants with older siblings having Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are at genetically increased risk for showing characteristics of ASD in the first 2 years of life. Parents, who already have at least one child with ASD, may closely monitor their later born children and implement interventions as soon as the children begin to show what the parents believe is aberrant behavior or development that may be early stages of ASD. To date, no study has examined the number and types of services and interventions these parents access for their at-risk infants. Using a Service and Intervention Questionnaire developed for this study, ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kaleigh Regehr, Maurice Feldman Source Type: journals

Interelectrode distance and warning signal interval and the evaluation of clinical electrical shockEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study focuses on two practical questions, that is, whether the distance between the electrodes would influence the evaluation of shock and whether using a variable time interval in the administration would influence the evaluation of shock. Results reveal that both investigated variables control the evaluation of shock. Multiple shocks appear to produce a stronger sensation than single shocks, a phenomenon that was also revealed in previous studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - August 31, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Pieter Duker, Monique Mulder, Nienke Scheffer Source Type: journals

An operant approach to teaching joint attention skills to children with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A lack of joint attention skills may constitute a core impairment in autism. In the present study, a training protocol was developed, based on the literature on joint attention and on behavioral interventions. The training was organized into a sequence of three main parts respectively aimed at establishing each of the following skills: (1) responding to joint attention bids, (2) engaging in turn-taking activities based on joint attention skills, and (3) initiating joint attention. Two novel components were incorporated in the training: (a) a discrimination training procedure aimed at establishing the adult's nods as condit...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - August 11, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jørn Isaksen, Per Holth Source Type: journals

Further evaluation of idiosyncratic functions for severe problem behavior: Aggression maintained by access to walksEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The results of functional analyses of problem behavior can sometimes be undifferentiated. This lack of differentiation might be due to methodological problems or the absence of variables relevant to problem behavior in the assessment. The current case example provides a clarification of undifferentiated functional analysis results through the inclusion of a particular reinforcer that was not a part of the initial functional analysis. In addition, treatment data showed a decrease in problem behavior when the putative reinforcer was provided response-dependently or response-independently. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons,...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joel E. Ringdahl, Tory J. Christensen, Eric W. Boelter Source Type: journals

Reducing attention-maintained behavior through the use of positive punishment, differential reinforcement of low rates, and response markingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A differential reinforcement of low (DRL) rates procedure was implemented as a changing criterion design with positive punishment and response marking to reduce attention-maintained behavior of screaming, profanity, and disruptive behaviors of three adolescent males. One participant was diagnosed with static encephalopathy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and severe mental retardation, the other two were diagnosed with Down syndrome, one with moderate mental retardation, and the other with severe mental retardation. Through response marking, a verbal warning was delivered immediately following the initia...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - May 19, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Rick Shaw, Tricia Simms Source Type: journals

Bite size and texture assessments to prescribe treatment for severe food selectivity in autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Separate evaluations of bite size (amount of food on the spoon) and food texture were used to prescribe treatment changes in a feeding protocol for a 3-year-old male with autism and severe food selectivity. Each evaluation revealed distinct behavioral topographies, with an increase in disruptive behaviors associated with increased bite sizes and decreased swallowing and higher rates of gagging associated with higher textures. The results of each evaluation were used to successfully guide increases in volume and texture during therapeutic meals. Results highlight the importance of considering both aversion to food as well a...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: William G. Sharp, David L. Jaquess Source Type: journals

Detecting changes in simulated events II: Using variations of momentary time-sampling to measure changes in duration eventsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The extent to which a greater proportion of small behavior changes could be detected with momentary time-sampling (MTS) was evaluated by (a) combining various interval sizes of partial-interval recording (PIR) with 20 s, 30 s, 1 min MTS and (b) using variable interval sizes of MTS that were based on means of 20 s and 1 min. For each targeted percentage, low, moderate, and high inter-response times (IRTs) to event-run ratios were compared with reversal designs to determine whether sensitivity increased with either variation of MTS. The results showed that (a) combinations of 30 s and 1 min MTS/PIR yielded increased sensitiv...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Regina A. Carroll, John T. Rapp, Amanda M. Colby-Dirksen, Ally M. Lindenberg Source Type: journals

Use of treatment analysis following ambiguous functional analysis resultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study used a treatment analysis following ambiguous functional analysis results to evaluate potential treatments to reduce the SIB of a 32-year-old male with profound mental retardation. In addition, effective treatments were determined for increasing compliance with increasingly more complex self-care tasks. The results indicated that a positive reinforcement procedure with extinction was useful toward reducing SIB and increasing compliance during three increasingly more complex tasks. The usefulness of treatment analysis procedures following ambiguous functional analysis results are discussed. Copyright © 20...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stacy L. Carter Source Type: journals

Jump start exit criterion: Exploring a new model of service delivery for the treatment of childhood feeding problemsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a brief, intensive intervention for the treatment of food selectivity in three boys who had failed to progress in traditional outpatient treatment. The implications of this model of service delivery are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bianca Pizzo, Keith E. Williams, Candace Paul, Katherine Riegel Source Type: journals

An evaluation of the overjustification effect across multiple contingency arrangementsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study extended previous research by evaluating whether the overjustification effect was relevant to the use of non-reinforcing stimuli, reinforcers, or both. The effects of verbal praise were also evaluated in relation to the overjustification effect. Results indicated that behavior did not decrease below baseline levels following the contingent delivery of non-reinforcing stimuli, reinforcers, or verbal praise. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Candice N. Bright, Becky Penrod Source Type: journals

Computer aided self-monitoring to increase academic production and reduce self-injurious behavior in a child with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examined the effectiveness of computer aided self-monitoring of academic task completion to reduce self-injurious behavior in a 13-year-old male student with autism. Using an ABAB design, data were collected over 22 sessions in a resource-reading classroom. Visual and statistical analyses indicated that when self-monitoring of activity completion was implemented, rates of completion increased and maladaptive behaviors such as self-injurious behavior and tantruming decreased. Discussion follows for implications for self-monitoring with students with autism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Denise A. Soares, Kimberly J. Vannest, Judith Harrison Source Type: journals

Using goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback to increase calorie expenditure in obese adultsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, a package intervention consisting of goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback was evaluated across five participants in a multiple baseline design with a brief reversal for three of the five participants. The intervention package increased calorie expenditure for all five participants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - March 26, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jeanne M. Donaldson, Matthew P. Normand Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Restraint safety in a residential setting for persons with intellectual disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the risks associated with the use of emergency personal restraints at a residential facility for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A secondary purpose was to determine if correlates of restraint-related injury could be determined. One in three restraints resulted in an injury, but all of the injuries were minor. In terms of prediction, frequency of aggressive behavior use was the best single predictor of restraint-related injury. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - March 25, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David M. Tilli, Scott Spreat Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Effects of response blocking and competing stimuli on stereotypic behaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effects of response blocking and competing stimuli on stereotypy and aggression were examined in an analysis conducted with a young girl diagnosed with autism and intellectual disability. A functional analysis of the stereotypic behavior revealed that blocking stereotypy increased aggression. The treatment analysis revealed that the provision of competing stimuli, without response blocking resulted in decreases in both topographies. Findings suggest that the provision of competing stimuli may be less likely to occasion other behaviors than blocking. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - March 25, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Louis P. Hagopian, Lisa M. Toole Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Signaling stimulus presentation during treatment with noncontingent reinforcement: Visual versus vocal signalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The independent effects of two signals implemented during treatment with noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) were examined. First, functional analyses showed that problem behavior exhibited by two individuals with developmental disabilities was sensitive to social positive reinforcement. A reversal design was then used to compare the effectiveness of a timer (NCR-visual) to a vocal statement (NCR-vocal) indicating when the stimulus would be returned in the context of a NCR procedure. Results showed that NCR reduced problem behavior for both participants. In addition, for one participant, the NCR-visual condition reduced prob...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - March 25, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John J. Schadler Jr., David A. Wilder, Elbert Blakely Tags: Research Articles Source Type: journals

Establishing stimulus control of vocal stereotypy displayed by young children with AutismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the vocal stereotypy of three boys who were diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Results of functional analyses indicated that each participant's vocal stereotypy was maintained by non-social consequences. For two participants, verbal reprimands were provided contingent on vocal stereotypy in the presence of a red card (RC). For the third participant, after verbal reprimands alone did not decrease vocal stereotypy, toys were withdrawn contingent on vocal stereotypy in the presence of the RC. For all three participants, vocal stereotypy was permitted without programmed consequences the presence of a...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - February 20, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John T. Rapp, Meeta R. Patel, Patrick M. Ghezzi, Christine H. O'Flaherty, Craig J. Titterington Source Type: journals

Erratum: Computer-based teaching of Kanji construction and writing in a student with developmental disabilities. By Hiroshi Sugasawara and Jun-ichi YamamotoEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The above article (DOI: ) was published online in Early View on 3 December 2008. A printing error was subsequently identified in the article.Page 1: Incorrect author affiliation. 'Keio Advanced Research Center (KARC)' should be 'Department of Psychology' (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - January 8, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hiroshi Sugasawara, Jun-ichi Yamamoto Source Type: journals

Effects of adjusting DRO schedules on the reduction of stereotypic vocalizations in children with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The reduction of stereotypic behavior is important for individuals with developmental disabilities because it may interfere with learning new skills. A common procedure used to reduce stereotypic behavior is differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). A DRO schedule is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered given the absence of a target response for a period of time. Although DRO schedules have been shown to be effective in reducing a variety of stereotypic behavior, empirical studies have not yet determined the most effective way to thin the reinforcement schedule. The current study examined the extent to...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - January 7, 2009 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Eric Rozenblat, John L. Brown, Ann K. Brown, Sharon A. Reeve, Kenneth F. Reeve Source Type: journals

Treating sleep disturbance in infants: What generalizes?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated the immediate and generalized effect of treating bedtime settling problems and later night waking in infants and whether it was parent or child behavior that generalized. Parents recorded sleep problems of seven infants (6-20 months) who exhibited chronic sleep disturbance, then implemented a graduated checking procedure at bedtime-only (Setting 1). A multiple-baseline across-settings and participants design was employed. Immediate (in Setting 1) and any generalized effects (in Setting 2) on wakings and other changes in parent and child behavior were assessed by diary information and all-night infra...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - December 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dione Healey, Karyn G. France, Neville M. Blampied Source Type: journals

Differential reinforcement of high rate behavior to increase the pace of self-feedingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined the effects of a differential reinforcement of high rate (DRH) intervention to increase a 9-year-old boy's pace of self-feeding. During treatment, the child received reinforcement contingent on consuming his meal within 30 min. Results showed an increase in the pace of self-feeding and a concomitant decrease in meal duration as compared to baseline. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - December 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kelli M. Girolami, SungWoo Kahng, Kellie A. Hilker, Peter A. Girolami Source Type: journals

Computer-based teaching of Kanji construction and writing in a student with developmental disabilitiesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined whether a student could copy Japanese Kanji characters after training with a constructed response matching-to-sample (CRMTS) procedure. The procedure was designed to teach identity Kanji construction. The results showed that the student not only acquired the constructed responses through this procedure but also to spelling generalized to copy trained and untrained Kanji characters. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of the CRMTS procedure on the acquisition and transfer of writing characters and the applicability of computer-based home teaching. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: B...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - December 4, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hiroshi Sugasawara, Jun-ichi Yamamoto Source Type: journals

Teaching students with ASD: Does teacher enthusiasm make a difference?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
There is a general belief that students perform better in an environment in which teachers exude enthusiasm. In elementary, secondary, and college settings, the display of teacher enthusiasm is associated with positive attitudes toward teachers, recall of information, and improved classroom behavior. Although the assumption that students perform better when teachers are enthusiastic is frequently extended to individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is currently no published research on the topic. Research on social avoidance suggests that individuals with ASD may have no reaction or even respond neg...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - December 3, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tammy Hammond Natof, Raymond G. Romanczyk Source Type: journals

Detecting changes in simulated events using partial-interval recording and momentary time samplingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In a series of three studies, we evaluated simulated data with reversal designs to determine whether partial-interval recording (PIR) and momentary time sampling (MTS) detected changes that were evident with continuous measures. The results from Study 1 showed that MTS with interval sizes up to 30 s detected most of the moderate and large changes in duration events and MTS with interval sizes up to 1 min detected most large changes in duration events. By comparison, PIR with 10-s intervals detected approximately half of all changes in duration events. The results of Study 2 showed that only 10-s PIR reliably detected most ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - October 8, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John T. Rapp, Amanda M. Colby-Dirksen, Dara N. Michalski, Regina A. Carroll, Ally M. Lindenberg Source Type: journals

The effects of general-case training and behavioral skills training on the generalization of parents' use of discrete-trial teaching, child correct responses, and child maladaptive behaviorEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study employed behavioral skills and general-case training to train three parents to conduct DTT. A multiple-baseline-across-participants-experimental design assessed the effects of parent training on the generalization of parents' DTT to non-trained programs and on child behavior. Following training, generalization of parent DTT skills occurred, but the effects on child behavior were variable. Implications of programming for generalization and the effects of parent training on child performance are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - September 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John Ward-Horner, Peter Sturmey Source Type: journals

Increasing physical activity through self-monitoring, goal setting, and feedbackEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Excess body weight, especially obesity, is a problem of increasing social significance, and weight gain is often correlated with age. Because physical activity can both decrease current body weight and prevent weight gain, it is an especially suitable target for behavioral intervention. A package intervention consisting of self-monitoring, goal setting, and feedback was used to increase the physical activity of healthy adults. A combined multiple-baseline and reversal design was arranged to evaluate the effects of the intervention on the number of steps taken each day by participants, as recorded by a pedometer. The interv...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 22, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Matthew P. Normand Source Type: journals

A man with multiple disabilities using a head-turning response to reduce the effects of his droolingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A man with multiple disabilities was taught to perform a head-turning response to activate optic sensors embedded in a small spongy structure at his shoulder and produce preferred stimuli. By touching the spongy structure with chin and mouth (i.e., to activate the sensors), the man would clean these areas thus curbing the effects of his drooling. Data showed that the man increased the frequency of his head-turning responses and reduced drooling effects (chin wetness) through the intervention and a 3-month follow-up. Forty university students, who were involved in a social validation assessment, indicated that the intervent...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Giulio E. Lancioni, Nirbhay N. Singh, Mark F. O'Reilly, Jeff Sigafoos, Doretta Oliva, Francesca Campodonico, Jop Groeneweg Source Type: journals

Assessing preference in elders with dementia using multimedia and verbal pleasant events schedulesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study compared an abbreviated oral interview version of the Pleasant Events Schedule - Alzheimer's Disease (PES-AD) to a multimedia-supplemented version. Both measures identified multiple preferred items and their scores were moderately correlated (r = .481). Direct observations were conducted to determine whether either of the two measures predicted subsequent engagement. For all nine individuals with dementia, items endorsed as preferred by both versions of the PES-AD resulted in high levels of engagement and items endorsed as non-preferred items on both measures resulted in low to moderate levels of engageme...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 21, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Linda A. LeBlanc, Paige B. Raetz, Jonathan C. Baker, Margaret J. Strobel, Brian J. Feeney Source Type: journals

An investigation of the effects of dog visits on depression, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing homeEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The present study investigated the effects of weekly dog visits on depression scores, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Five elderly residents participated in baseline assessments for 4-8 weeks and then received weekly dog visits for 6 weeks. Assessments, consisting of weekly observations of social interaction and paper and pencil measures of mood and depression, continued during the dog visits. The effect of dog visits was evaluated in a multiple baseline across participants design. Dog visits did not improve depression scores, mood (with the exception of one resident), or socia...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - May 28, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kristin A. Phelps, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Tess Jens, Heather Wadeson Source Type: journals

Video training of support staff in intervention plans for challenging behavior: comparison with live trainingEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We compared video versus live training as respective components of a program for training support staff in individualized intervention plans for people with severe disabilities and challenging behavior. Procedures constituting behavior plans for three individuals were presented to staff through an initial training session and then follow-up assessment and training on the job. Twenty staff received the initial training in small groups by watching a video of a behavior analyst describing a plan along with informational bullets, and 18 staff received the initial training in live sessions with the behavior analyst. Results of ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - May 6, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kenneth M. Macurik, Niamh P. O'Kane, Paul Malanga, Dennis H. Reid Source Type: journals

Identification of olfactory stimuli as reinforcers in individuals with autism: a preliminary investigationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Preference for six olfactory stimuli was assessed via paired preference assessments with three adults with autism. Using a combination multielement and reversal design, a reinforcer assessment was then conducted to determine the extent to which three (high preference, medium preference, and low preference) of the six olfactory stimuli evaluated in the preference assessment functioned as reinforcers for responding in the context of a sorting task. Relative to baseline, all of the participants exhibited increased responding for access to their high preference olfactory stimulus. The utility of olfactory stimuli as components...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 2, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David A. Wilder, John Schadler, Thomas S. Higbee, Linda K. Haymes, Verdrana Bajagic, Martisa Register Source Type: journals

Brief functional anlaysis and treatment of elopement in preschoolers with autismEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
As a result of the impact of functional analysis methodologies in identifying maintaining variables of problem behavior, considerable research has been devoted to tailoring the methodologies to be practical for an outpatient setting. The purpose of this study was (a) to use brief functional analysis (BFA) methodologies to empirically demonstrate the function of elopement exhibited by two preschoolers diagnosed with autism and (b) to develop function-based interventions derived from the results of the BFA. In phase one, a BFA consisting of 5-min sessions with multiple repetitions of each condition was conducted with each pa...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christopher J. Perrin, Stefanie H. Perrin, Elizabeth A. Hill, Kristin DiNovi Source Type: journals

Effects of a supervisory intervention on assessment of interobserver agreement by educational service providersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study evaluated a supervisory intervention to increase the frequency of IOA assessments performed by educational staff at a school for children with developmental disabilities. Intervention components included action directives, strategic posting of IOA recording forms, and performance feedback (positive reinforcement and correction). Implemented in a multiple baseline design, intervention increased IOA assessments targeting skill acquisition and behavior support plans. The study illustrates a systems-level approach towards performance enhancement of human services personnel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Meredith L. Garrity, James K. Luiselli, Sara A. McCollum Source Type: journals

Increasing therapeutic exercise participation by individuals with acquired brain injury using self-recording and reinforcementEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-recording and contingent reinforcement on exercise participation by four adults with acquired brain injury. The results indicate that self-recording and contingent reinforcement increased participation in stretching, aerobic, and weight-lifting activities for each participant. The results also indicate that each participant was able to accurately self-record his or her exercise participation. Possible operant conceptualizations for the observed behavior change, as well as limitations to the results, are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - February 27, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amber L. Maki, Eric H. Rudrud, Kim A. Schulze, John T. Rapp Source Type: journals

Feedback for improving staff training and performance in behavioral treatment programsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This paper reviewed observational studies that examined feedback for changing staff performance in behavioral treatment programs for clients with cognitive, developmental, or psychiatric disorders. The research findings were integrated into the main stages of staff training and management: pretraining, training, and posttraining. Specific recommendations for using feedback are made including defining process and outcome form and content before training, providing on-the-job supervisory feedback while staff practice self-generated outcome feedback until competency is demonstrated, and after training, maintaining self-genera...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - January 16, 2008 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lucius Arco Source Type: journals

Assessment protocol for identifying preferred social consequencesEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This report describes a method, appropriate for young children with ASD, for rapidly identifying social reinforcers and assessing relative preferences among social consequences. The free-operant behavior of three such children was analyzed in three Social Consequence conditions that alternated with an Extinction condition. The results identified some social consequences that functioned as reinforcers and others to which the child was relatively indifferent. The implications of this study may be particularly pertinent for teaching behavior, like joint attention skills, that is maintained by social reinforcers in the natural...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 17, 2007 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Krista Smaby, Rebecca P. F. MacDonald, William H. Ahearn, William V. Dube Source Type: journals

Interval recording for duration events: a re-evaluationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In two experiments, events that were recorded using continuous duration recording (CDR) were rescored using 10-s partial interval (PIR), 10-s momentary time sampling (MTS) and 20-s MTS. Results of Experiment 1 showed that data paths generated by each interval method produced conclusions about functional control that were similar to those based on CDR when using reversal designs; however, for multielement designs, 10-s PIR was prone to showing differentiation between data paths that was not evident with CDR. Results of Experiment 2 showed that both 10-s and 20-s MTS yielded data paths on behavior-behavior relations (e.g., c...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - June 21, 2007 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John T. Rapp, Amanda M. Colby, Timothy R. Vollmer, Henry S. Roane, Joanna Lomas, Lisa N. Britton Source Type: journals

Parent training for children with pervasive developmental disorders: a multi-site feasibility trialEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a structured, manual-based parent training (PT) program designed to reduce noncompliant behavior and enhance adaptive behavior in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) who were taking medication for irritability, tantrums, aggression, and self-injury. Children (N = 17, mean age 7.7 ± 2.6 years) with PDD were enrolled in a 24-week structured PT protocol. Parental attendance to sessions (93%), satisfaction with the program (92%), and adherence to PT assignments (80%) were excellent. The program was adequately implemented with a mean treatme...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - June 16, 2007 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology [RUPP] Autism Network Source Type: journals

Development of a parent training program for children with pervasive developmental disordersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Parent delivered interventions based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have been evaluated using primarily single-subject design methodology or small case series. While the results of these evaluations are encouraging, an important next step is to standardize the interventions to allow for replication across sites, in studies with large samples and measures of long-term, clinically meaningful outcomes such as improvements in children's functioning and their relationships with parents. Accordingly, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Psychosocial...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 17, 2007 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cynthia R. Johnson, Benjamin L. Handen, Eric Butter, Ann Wagner, James Mulick, Denis G. Sukhodolsky, Susan Williams, Naomi A. Swiezy, L. Eugene Arnold, Michael G. Aman, Lawrence Scahill, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Benedetto Vitiello, Tr Source Type: journals

An evaluation of in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to women with mental retardationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The current study evaluated a behavioral skills training (BST) program in combination with in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to five women with mild to moderate mental retardation. In situ assessments were conducted following BST and in situ training sessions were conducted for those who were unable to demonstrate the skills in the natural setting. The results showed that generalization of the safety skills to the natural setting occurred for three of the five participants following one to two in situ training sessions. One participant required 12 in situ training sessions and three booster training ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - February 5, 2007 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kristin R. Egemo-Helm, Raymond G. Miltenberger, Peter Knudson, Nicholas Finstrom, Candice Jostad, Brigitte Johnson Source Type: journals

Combining video modeling and least-to-most prompting for establishing response chainsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Video modeling combined with least-to-most intrusive prompting was compared using a parallel-treatments design to least-to-most intrusive prompting alone in teaching daily-living skills in the form of response chains. Two boys with the diagnosis of autism (ages 8 and 9) participated in the study. The results showed that the participants acquired skills taught with video modeling plus least-to-most prompting in fewer trials and with fewer prompts than skills taught with least-to-most prompting alone. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - November 29, 2006 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Natalie T. Murzynski, Jason C. Bourret Source Type: journals

Manipulating the evocative and abative effects of an establishing operation: influences on challenging behavior during classroom instructionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study we examined the evocative and abative effects of an establishing operation on challenging behavior during classroom instruction for a student with severe disabilities including autism. A prior functional analysis indicated that his challenging behavior was maintained by access to preferred snack items. During classroom instructional sessions these snack items were visible but not available to the student. In other words challenging behavior was placed on extinction during instruction. Immediately prior to instructional sessions the student received either access to snack items or did not receive access to sna...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - October 30, 2006 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mark O'Reilly, Chaturi Edrisinha, Jeff Sigafoos, Giulio Lancioni, Helen Cannella, Wendy Machalicek, Paul Langthorne Source Type: journals

The efficacy of cue exposure with response prevention in extinguishing drug and alcohol cue reactivityEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
It has been suggested that drug cue-elicited urges and psychophysiological reactions are the results of Pavlovian conditioning processes and that it should be possible to extinguish these responses with cue exposure with response prevention. It has already been shown that subjective cue-elicited urges can be extinguished, but it is unclear whether this is also true for cue-elicited psychophysiological arousal. This was tested in the present study in a heterogeneous sample of drug and alcohol dependent patients. It was found that cue-elicited urges can indeed be extinguished. However, such a clear pattern of extinguished cu...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - September 27, 2006 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Remco C. Havermans, Sandra Mulkens, Chantal Nederkoorn, Anita Jansen Source Type: journals

Evaluation of a guided compliance procedure to reduce noncompliance among preschool childrenEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The effectiveness of a guided compliance procedure to reduce noncompliance among typically developing preschool children was evaluated. After baseline data on compliance to common demands were collected, a parent, instructional assistant, or graduate research assistant implemented the guided compliance procedure, which involved the delivery of progressively more intrusive prompts contingent upon noncompliance. The effects of the procedure were examined using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The results suggest that the procedure was effective for four of the six children who participated. Copyr...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - September 27, 2006 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: David A. Wilder, Julie Atwell Source Type: journals

Decreasing household television time: a pilot study of a combined behavioral and environmental interventionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Excessive TV viewing is associated with weight gain across the lifespan; thus developing strategies to decrease household viewing time may be an effective obesity prevention approach. This pilot study (n = 6 families) examined the feasibility and short-term impact of a 2-pronged environmental plus behavioral approach designed to reduce TV time in the entire family. The environmental manipulation involved placing TV Allowances (programmed to turn off power after family members had watched 75% of their baseline hours) on all TVs in the home. A kit with behavioral strategies for reducing TV time was also sent to the home each...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - September 26, 2006 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amy Gorin, Hollie Raynor, Kim Chula-Maguire, Rena Wing Source Type: journals